Method and device for optimizing energy directivity of seismic source, electronic equipment and storage medium

Abstract

The application relates to a seismic energy directivity optimization method and device, electronic equipment and a storage medium, and belongs to the technical field of marine seismic exploration. The method comprises the following steps: acquiring position information of a shooting point and a receiving point and an air gun array arrangement mode, wherein the air gun array is composed of a plurality of sub-arrays with the same interval formed by a plurality of air guns; determining the positional relationship between the shooting point and the receiving point through the position information of the shooting point and the receiving point; adjusting the air gun array arrangement mode according to the positional relationship and a pre-set air gun array arrangement rule to obtain the directivity of the energy emitted by the shooting point. According to the relative positional relationship between the shooting point and the receiving point in the observation system, the directivity of the seismic source is optimized by adjusting the combination mode of air guns with different capacities in the air gun array, so that most of the energy of the seismic source is concentrated in the range that can be received by the receiving point, thereby effectively improving the effective excitation energy, improving the signal-to-noise ratio and reducing energy loss.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of marine seismic exploration technology, and in particular to a method, apparatus, electronic device, and storage medium for optimizing the directionality of seismic source energy. Background Technology

[0002] With the acceleration of social development, marine seismic exploration targets are becoming increasingly complex. In marine seismic exploration, air gun arrays are used as the main excitation source. Due to their certain length and width dimensions, air gun arrays cannot be regarded as point sources. Therefore, the excitation energy of air gun arrays is directional. As seismic exploration develops towards new directions such as wide azimuth, high precision and high resolution, the directionality of air gun source energy has gradually become another important evaluation parameter in addition to peak value, peak-to-peak value, bubble ratio and spectrum.

[0003] In existing technologies, in accordance with the requirements of the SEG standard, the peak value, peak-to-peak value, bubble ratio, and spectrum of the air gun source are mainly optimized based on the burial depth and frequency characteristics of the target layer. However, in existing technologies, directionality is not used as the main parameter for evaluating the quality of the air gun excitation source, which will result in most of the source's energy not being within the range that the receiver point can receive, thus failing to effectively excite energy and causing energy loss. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of the above problems, embodiments of the present invention are proposed to provide a method, apparatus, electronic device and storage medium for optimizing the directionality of seismic source energy to overcome or at least partially solve the above problems.

[0005] According to a first aspect of the present invention, a method for optimizing the directionality of seismic source energy is provided, applied to a marine seismic acquisition and observation system, the method comprising:

[0006] The location information of the excitation point and the detector point, as well as the arrangement of the air gun array, are obtained. The air gun array is composed of several subarrays with a preset spacing, consisting of several air guns.

[0007] The positional relationship between the excitation point and the detector point is determined using the positional information of the excitation point and the detector point. This positional relationship includes a first positional relationship, a second positional relationship, or a third positional relationship. The first positional relationship is that, longitudinally, the excitation point is located at the front end of the tow cable, and the detector point is located in the tow cable, with the detector points evenly distributed in the tow cable at 12.5m intervals. The second positional relationship is that, longitudinally, the excitation line formed by the excitation points is parallel to the detector line formed by the detector points, and is located on either side of the detector line arrangement. The third positional relationship is that, longitudinally or laterally, the excitation point is located in the middle of the detector line arrangement.

[0008] Based on the positional relationship and the pre-set air gun array arrangement rules, the air gun array arrangement is adjusted to obtain the optimized directionality of the energy emitted by the excitation point.

[0009] Optionally, before acquiring the location information of the excitation point and the receiver point, as well as the air gun array arrangement, the method further includes:

[0010] The direction of the detector line, which is composed of several detector points, is pre-defined as the longitudinal direction, and the direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction is defined as the transverse direction.

[0011] Obtain the first aspect ratio of the air gun array and the second aspect ratio of the observation system, wherein the second aspect ratio is the effective aspect ratio.

[0012] Optionally, after the step of obtaining the first aspect ratio of the air gun array and the second aspect ratio of the observation system, wherein the second aspect ratio is the effective aspect ratio, the method further includes:

[0013] Obtain the coherent gun spacing, subarray spacing, number of coherent guns, and number of subarrays of the air gun array;

[0014] By adjusting the coherent gun spacing and subarray spacing, and / or the number of coherent guns and subarrays, according to the pre-set air gun array arrangement rules, the first aspect ratio of the air gun array and the second aspect ratio of the observation system reach a preset threshold.

[0015] Optionally, the pre-set air gun array arrangement rules include:

[0016] If the excitation point and the detector point satisfy a first positional relationship, then in the longitudinal direction, the high-capacity air guns are concentrated in the rear half of the air gun array; or,

[0017] If the excitation point and the detector point satisfy the second positional relationship, then in the longitudinal direction, the high-capacity air guns are concentrated in the area of ​​the air gun array near the detector point; or,

[0018] If the excitation point and the detector point satisfy the third positional relationship, then in the longitudinal direction or the transverse direction, the high-capacity air guns are concentrated in the central cross-shaped area of ​​the air gun array and are centrally symmetrically distributed.

[0019] Optionally, the excitation point is the real-time position corresponding to the excitation energy of the air gun array, and the excitation points are arranged at a first interval to form the excitation line; the detection points are arranged at a second interval to form the detection line.

[0020] According to a second aspect of the present invention, a source energy directionality optimization device is provided, characterized in that the device comprises:

[0021] The first acquisition module is used to acquire the location information of the excitation point and the detector point, as well as the arrangement of the air gun array, wherein the air gun array is composed of several sub-arrays with a preset spacing, consisting of several air guns.

[0022] The determining module determines the positional relationship between the excitation point and the detector point based on the positional information of the excitation point and the detector point. The positional relationship includes a first positional relationship, a second positional relationship, or a third positional relationship. The first positional relationship is that, longitudinally, the excitation point is located at the front end of the tow cable, and the detector point is located in the tow cable, with the detector points evenly distributed in the tow cable at 12.5m intervals. The second positional relationship is that, longitudinally, the excitation line formed by the excitation points is parallel to the detector line formed by the detector points, and is located on either side of the detector line arrangement. The third positional relationship is that, longitudinally or laterally, the excitation point is located in the middle of the detector line arrangement.

[0023] The processing module processes the air gun array arrangement according to the positional relationship and the pre-set air gun array arrangement rules to obtain the optimized directionality of the energy emitted by the excitation point.

[0024] Optionally, the device further includes:

[0025] The setting module is used to pre-set the direction of the detector line composed of several detector points as longitudinal, and the direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction as transverse.

[0026] The second acquisition module is used to acquire the first aspect ratio of the air gun array and the second aspect ratio of the observation system, wherein the second aspect ratio is the effective aspect ratio.

[0027] Optionally, the device further includes:

[0028] The third acquisition module is used to acquire the coherent gun spacing, subarray spacing, number of coherent guns, and number of subarrays of the air gun array;

[0029] The adjustment module is used to adjust the coherent gun spacing and the subarray spacing, and / or the number of coherent guns and the number of subarrays, according to the pre-set air gun array arrangement rules, so as to obtain that the first aspect ratio of the air gun array and the second aspect ratio of the observation system reach a preset threshold.

[0030] According to a third aspect of the present invention, an electronic device is provided, characterized in that it includes a processor, a communication interface, a memory, and a communication bus, wherein the processor, the communication interface, and the memory communicate with each other through the communication bus;

[0031] Memory, used to store computer programs;

[0032] A processor is used to execute programs stored in memory.

[0033] According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, a computer-readable storage medium is provided on which a computer program is stored.

[0034] This invention provides a method, apparatus, electronic device, and storage medium for optimizing the directionality of seismic source energy. This application relates to the field of marine seismic exploration technology, and includes: acquiring the location information of the excitation point and the receiver point, as well as the arrangement of the air gun array, wherein the air gun array consists of several subarrays with equal spacing composed of several air guns; determining the positional relationship between the excitation point and the receiver point based on the location information of the excitation point and the receiver point, wherein the positional relationship includes a first positional relationship, or a second positional relationship, or a third positional relationship. The first positional relationship is that, longitudinally, the excitation point is located at the front end of the tow cable, and the detector point is located in the tow cable, with the detector points evenly distributed in the tow cable at 12.5m intervals. The second positional relationship is that, longitudinally, the excitation line formed by the excitation points is parallel to the detector line formed by the detector points, and is located on either side of the detector line arrangement. The third positional relationship is that, longitudinally or laterally, the excitation point is located in the middle of the detector line arrangement. Based on the positional relationship and the pre-set air gun array arrangement rules, the air gun array arrangement is adjusted to obtain the optimized directionality of the energy emitted by the excitation point. According to the relative positional relationship between the excitation point and the detector point in the observation system, the directionality of the seismic source is optimized by adjusting the combination of air guns of different capacities in the air gun array, so that most of the energy of the seismic source is concentrated within the range that the detector point can receive, thereby maximizing the effective excitation energy, improving the signal-to-noise ratio, and reducing energy loss.

[0035] The above description is merely an overview of the technical solution of the present invention. In order to better understand the technical means of the present invention and to implement it in accordance with the contents of the specification, and in order to make the above and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, specific embodiments of the present invention are described below. Attached Figure Description

[0036] Various other advantages and benefits will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon reading the following detailed description of preferred embodiments. The accompanying drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the invention. Furthermore, the same reference numerals denote the same parts throughout the drawings. In the drawings:

[0037] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of a source energy directionality optimization method provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 2 This is a flowchart of another source energy directionality optimization method provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of an air gun array arrangement provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of a marine towed cable acquisition and observation system with a first positional relationship provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of an air gun array arrangement corresponding to a first positional relationship provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of a parallel observation system for acquiring single-sided shot using OBC / OBN data with a second positional relationship, provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

[0043] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of an air gun array arrangement corresponding to a second positional relationship provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of a parallel observation system for acquiring intermediate shot using OBC / OBN data with a third positional relationship, provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0045] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of an air gun array arrangement corresponding to a third positional relationship provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0046] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of a practical marine OBN acquisition and observation system provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0047] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of an optimized air gun array arrangement provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0048] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of a source energy directionality optimization device provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0049] Exemplary embodiments of the invention will now be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. While exemplary embodiments of the invention are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the invention may be implemented in various forms and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this invention will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the invention to those skilled in the art.

[0050] The terms "first," "second," etc., used in the specification and claims of this application are used to distinguish similar objects and not to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that such use of data can be interchanged where appropriate so that embodiments of this application can be implemented in orders other than those illustrated or described herein, and the objects distinguished by "first," "second," etc., are generally of the same class and the number of objects is not limited; for example, a first object can be one or more. Furthermore, in the specification and claims, "and / or" indicates at least one of the connected objects, and the character " / " generally indicates that the preceding and following objects are in an "or" relationship.

[0051] The method, apparatus, electronic device, and storage medium for optimizing the directionality of seismic source energy provided in this application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and through specific embodiments and application scenarios.

[0052] It should be noted that this implementation method is applied to marine seismic acquisition and observation systems, which include traditional marine towed cable acquisition and observation systems and OBC / OBN acquisition and observation systems. The OBC / OBN acquisition and observation systems include parallel observation systems with single-sided firing of OBC / OBN and parallel (or vertical) observation systems with intermediate firing of OBC / OBN.

[0053] The first embodiment of the present invention relates to a method for optimizing the directionality of seismic source energy, the flowchart of which is shown below. Figure 1 The above includes:

[0054] Step 101: Obtain the location information of the excitation point and the detector point, as well as the arrangement of the air gun array, wherein the air gun array is a number of subarrays with specific spacing composed of a number of air guns.

[0055] It should be noted that in this embodiment, two air guns of the same capacity form a coherent gun, several coherent guns of different capacities are combined to form a subarray, and several subarrays form the initial air gun array arrangement, such as... Figure 3 As shown. Because the air gun array has certain length and width dimensions, it cannot be regarded as a point source. Therefore, the energy excited by the air gun array is directional.

[0056] Step 102: Determine the positional relationship between the excitation point and the detector point using the positional information of the excitation point and the detector point. The positional relationship includes a first positional relationship, a second positional relationship, or a third positional relationship. The first positional relationship is that, longitudinally, the excitation point is located at the front end of the tow cable, and the detector point is located in the tow cable, with the detector points evenly distributed in the tow cable at 12.5m intervals. The second positional relationship is that, longitudinally, the excitation line formed by the excitation points is parallel to the detector line formed by the detector points, and is located on either side of the detector line arrangement. The third positional relationship is that, longitudinally or laterally, the excitation point is located in the middle of the detector line arrangement.

[0057] It should be noted that in this embodiment, the air gun array composed of air guns of different capacities is a vibration source. The vibration source forms an excitation point by exciting once at a specific location. Multiple excitation points formed by exciting at a certain interval constitute an excitation line. As for the detector, the detector is actually a device placed at a specific location to receive the energy emitted by the vibration source. Multiple devices are placed at a certain interval according to a pre-designed arrangement to form a detector line.

[0058] Furthermore, in specific applications, the location of the receiver point can be adjusted according to the specific acquisition and observation system. For example, when applied to a traditional marine towed cable acquisition and observation system, such as... Figure 4 As shown, in this case, the geophones are located by a towed cable-driven acquisition cable, with several geophones arranged at intervals and connected to the acquisition cable. The air gun source is located at the front end of the towed cable, and the energy excited backward by the excitation point is received by the geophones behind it. This method can also be applied to parallel observation systems that acquire single-sided excitations in OBC / OBN acquisition, such as... Figure 6 As shown, the excitation line is parallel to the detector line and located on one side of the array plate. The excitation energy from the excitation point is received by the detector point on one side laterally, while the energy on the other side cannot be received. This can also be applied to OBC / OBN acquisition systems with intermediate shot parallel observation, such as... Figure 8 As shown, the excitation line is parallel to the detector line and is located in the center of the array. The detector points around the excitation point can receive the source excitation energy, that is, the source energy needs to be distributed in an almost omnidirectional manner.

[0059] Step 103: Adjust the arrangement of the air gun array according to the positional relationship and the pre-set air gun array arrangement rules to obtain the optimized directionality of the energy emitted by the excitation point.

[0060] In this embodiment, there are three possible positional relationships, including:

[0061] A first positional relationship, wherein the excitation point is located at the front end of the tow cable in the longitudinal direction, and the detector point is located in the tow cable; generally, the detector points are evenly distributed in the cable at intervals of 12.5m; or,

[0062] The second positional relationship is that the excitation line formed by the excitation points in the longitudinal direction is parallel to the detection line formed by the detection points, and is located on any side of the arrangement of the detection lines; or,

[0063] The third positional relationship is that, in the longitudinal direction or in the transverse direction, the excitation point is located in the middle of the detector line arrangement.

[0064] It should be noted that, in this embodiment, the first positional relationship mainly refers to the positional relationship between the excitation point and the receiver point in marine towed cable seismic acquisition, that is, it is applied to the traditional marine towed cable acquisition and observation system. The second and third positional relationships mainly refer to the positional relationship between the excitation point and the receiver point in OBC / OBN seismic acquisition, that is, it is applied to the parallel observation system of OBC / OBN single-sided firing and the parallel (or vertical) observation system of OBC / OBN intermediate firing.

[0065] Furthermore, the pre-set air gun array layout rules include:

[0066] If the excitation point and the detector point satisfy a first positional relationship, then in the longitudinal direction, the high-capacity air guns are concentrated in the rear half of the air gun array; or,

[0067] If the excitation point and the detector point satisfy the second positional relationship, then in the longitudinal direction, the high-capacity air guns are concentrated in the area of ​​the air gun array near the detector point; or,

[0068] If the excitation point and the detector point satisfy the third positional relationship, then in the longitudinal direction or the transverse direction, the high-capacity air guns are concentrated in the central cross-shaped area of ​​the air gun array and are centrally symmetrically distributed.

[0069] It should be noted that in specific applications, the location relationship is determined based on different marine seismic acquisition and observation systems, and the specific arrangement of the air gun array is determined by the location relationship and the pre-set air gun array arrangement rules.

[0070] Furthermore, for example, for traditional ocean towed cable acquisition and observation systems, the primary positional relationship between the excitation point and the receiver point must be satisfied, such as... Figure 4As shown, the air gun's vibrating source (excitation point) is located at the front end of the tow cable in the longitudinal direction. The energy excited backward by the excitation point is received by the detector behind it, while the energy excited forward by the excitation point is lost because it cannot be received. To ensure that most of the energy from the air gun's vibrating source is received by the detector behind it, thus improving energy utilization, as follows... Figure 5 As shown in the dashed box, the high-capacity air guns are concentrated in the rear half of the array. It should be noted that in traditional marine towed cables, the detectors are usually arranged with a long longitudinal distance and a narrow transverse distance. Therefore, for traditional marine towed cable acquisition and observation systems, it is not necessary to make the aspect ratio of the air gun array similar to the effective aspect ratio of the observation system when arranging the air guns.

[0071] For parallel observation systems that acquire data from a single-sided shot in an ocean OBC / OBN, the second positional relationship between the excitation point and the receiver point must be satisfied, such as... Figure 6 As shown, it should be noted that the dashed box in the figure represents the area where the high-capacity airgun is concentrated. The excitation line is parallel to the detector line and located on one side of the array. The excitation energy from the excitation point is received by the detector on one side laterally, while the energy on the other side cannot be received. To ensure that most of the energy from the airgun source is received by the detector on one side, thus improving energy utilization, as follows... Figure 7 As shown in the dashed box in the figure, it should be noted that the dashed box represents the area where large-capacity air guns are concentrated. The large-capacity air guns are placed in a concentrated area on the side of the array closer to the receiver point. Furthermore, by adjusting the spacing between the coherent guns and subarrays or increasing or decreasing the number of coherent guns and subarrays, the aspect ratio of the air gun array can be made similar to the effective aspect ratio of the observation system.

[0072] For parallel (or vertical) observation systems that acquire data from intermediate shots using ocean OBC / OBN, the third positional relationship between the excitation point and the receiver point must be satisfied, such as... Figure 8 As shown, the excitation point is located in the middle of the detector lines, and all detectors around the excitation point can receive the source excitation energy, meaning the source energy needs to be distributed almost omnidirectionally. Figure 9 As shown in the dashed box, it should be noted that the dashed box in the figure represents the area where large-capacity air guns are concentrated. At this time, the large-capacity air guns should be concentrated in the cross-shaped area at the center of the array and distributed in a centrally symmetrical manner so that the energy generated by the seismic source is distributed as evenly as possible in all directions. Furthermore, by adjusting the spacing between the coherent guns and subarrays or increasing or decreasing the number of coherent guns and subarrays, the aspect ratio of the air gun array can be made close to the effective aspect ratio of the observation system. Generally, the aspect ratio of an all-around array is close to 1.

[0073] This invention provides a method, apparatus, electronic device, and storage medium for optimizing the directionality of seismic source energy. It acquires the positional information of the excitation point and the receiver point, as well as the arrangement of the air gun array. The air gun array consists of several subarrays with equal spacing, each composed of several air guns. The positional relationship between the excitation point and the receiver point is determined using the positional information. Based on this relationship and pre-set air gun array arrangement rules, the arrangement of the air gun array is adjusted to obtain the optimized directionality of the energy emitted by the excitation point. By adjusting the combination of air guns of different capacities in the air gun array according to the relative positional relationship between the excitation point and the receiver point in the observation system, the directionality of the seismic source is optimized, ensuring that most of the source energy is concentrated within the range that the receiver point can receive. This maximizes the effective excitation energy, improves the signal-to-noise ratio, and reduces energy loss.

[0074] The second embodiment of the present invention relates to a method for optimizing the directionality of seismic source energy, the flowchart of which is shown below. Figure 2 The above includes:

[0075] Step 201: Pre-set the direction of the detector line composed of several detector points as longitudinal, and the direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction as transverse.

[0076] It should be noted that, in this embodiment, as Figure 4 , Figure 6 , Figure 8 As shown, whether it is a traditional marine towed cable acquisition and observation system or an OBC / OBN acquisition and observation system, the direction of the detector line composed of several detector points is set as the longitudinal direction in advance, that is, the direction along the arrangement of the detector line is the longitudinal direction. After the longitudinal direction is determined, the direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction is the transverse direction.

[0077] Step 202: Obtain the first aspect ratio of the air gun array and the second aspect ratio of the observation system, wherein the second aspect ratio is the effective aspect ratio.

[0078] It should be noted that both the first and second aspect ratios satisfy the preset direction. The first aspect ratio of the air gun array is determined during operation of the data acquisition and observation system by...

[0079] Step 203: Obtain the location information of the excitation point and the detector point, as well as the arrangement of the air gun array, wherein the air gun array is a number of subarrays with a preset spacing composed of a number of air guns.

[0080] It should be noted that in this embodiment, two air guns of the same capacity form a coherent gun, several coherent guns of different capacities are combined to form a subarray, and several subarrays form the initial air gun array arrangement, such as... Figure 3As shown. Because the air gun array has certain length and width dimensions, it cannot be regarded as a point source. Therefore, the energy excited by the air gun array is directional.

[0081] Step 204: Determine the positional relationship between the excitation point and the detector point using the positional information of the excitation point and the detector point.

[0082] Step 205: Adjust the arrangement of the air gun array according to the positional relationship and the pre-set air gun array arrangement rules to obtain the optimized directionality of the energy emitted by the excitation point.

[0083] Step 206: Obtain the coherent gun spacing, subarray spacing, number of coherent guns, and number of subarrays of the air gun array.

[0084] It should be noted that, in this embodiment, as Figure 3 As shown, a coherent gun is composed of two air guns of the same capacity. Several coherent guns of different capacities are combined to form a subarray. Several subarrays are then used to form the initial air gun array arrangement. The distance between the coherent guns is the longitudinal distance, and the distance between the subarrays is the transverse distance. Figure 3 There are 18 coherent guns in the middle and 3 subarrays.

[0085] Step 207: Adjust the coherent gun spacing and the subarray spacing, and / or the number of coherent guns and the number of subarrays according to the pre-set air gun array arrangement rules, so that the first aspect ratio of the air gun array and the second aspect ratio of the observation system reach a preset threshold.

[0086] It should be noted that by adjusting the spacing between the coherent guns and subarrays, or by increasing or decreasing the number of coherent guns and subarrays, the aspect ratio of the air gun array can be made close to the effective aspect ratio of the observation system. This ensures that the energy of the seismic source can be attenuated to the greatest extent after excitation.

[0087] It should be noted that, in this embodiment, for example, when the marine seismic acquisition and observation system in this embodiment is an OBN parallel acquisition and observation system with intermediate firing and reception at both ends, such as Figure 11 As shown, there are 7 excitation lines in the middle, with a total length of 19.025km, a spacing of 25m between excitation lines, and a spacing of 25m between excitation points. There are 40 detector lines in the receiving array, with a total length of 14.025km, a spacing of 175m between detector lines, and a spacing of 75m between detector points. The observation system requires a bias limit of 3.5km.

[0088] Further, according to step 203, the position information of the excitation point and the detector point is obtained. The positional relationship between the excitation point and the detector point is determined through step 204. At this time, it can be seen that the excitation point and the detector point satisfy the third positional relationship. Therefore, through step 206, the coherent gun spacing, subarray spacing, number of coherent guns and number of subarrays of the air gun array are obtained. The excitation energy directionality of the 3-subarray air gun array composed of 36 air guns is optimized. That is, according to the pre-set air gun array arrangement rules, the position of the large-capacity air gun in the array is adjusted, and the horizontal and vertical dimensions of the array are adjusted so that its energy distribution is close to all directions.

[0089] In practical applications, the air gun capacity is set according to actual needs and pre-set air gun array layout rules. For example, in this embodiment, when the marine seismic acquisition and observation system is an OBN parallel observation system with central firing and two-sided receiving, the excitation energy from all directions of the excitation point will be received by the receiver point. Therefore, the energy distribution in all directions of the air gun array should be as consistent as possible. Larger capacity air guns of 90 cuin, 100 cuin, and 220 cuin are distributed in the central cross-shaped area of ​​the array, and air guns of the same capacity are centrally symmetrically distributed. Figure 11 The area indicated by the black dashed line is shown in the image.

[0090] Furthermore, in this embodiment, although the transverse (6.825km) and longitudinal (14.025km) ranges of the observation system's receiving array differ significantly, a deviation limit of 3.5km is required. Therefore, the effective aspect ratio of the observation system is approximately 1, and thus the aspect ratio of the air gun array should also be as close to 1 as possible. Based on the air gun source directionality optimization rules provided in step 205, and considering the actual conditions of the source construction process, the spacing between coherent guns is adjusted to 3m, and the subarray spacing is adjusted to 7m. Figure 11 As shown, in this embodiment, the aspect ratio of the air gun array is (7*2) / (3*5)=0.93, which is close to 1.

[0091] This invention provides a method, apparatus, electronic device, and storage medium for optimizing the directionality of seismic source energy. Based on the relative positional relationship between the excitation point and the receiver point in a marine seismic acquisition and observation system, as well as the effective aspect ratio of the observation system, the directionality of the seismic source is optimized by adjusting the combination of air guns of different capacities in the air gun array. This concentrates most of the energy of the seismic source within the range that the receiver point can receive, thereby maximizing the effective excitation energy, improving the signal-to-noise ratio, and reducing energy loss.

[0092] According to a second aspect of the present invention, a source energy directionality optimization device 1200 is provided, with reference to... Figure 12 Specifically, the device may include:

[0093] The first acquisition module 1201 is used to acquire the location information of the excitation point and the detector point, as well as the arrangement of the air gun array, wherein the air gun array is composed of several sub-arrays with a preset spacing, consisting of several air guns.

[0094] The determining module 1202 determines the positional relationship between the excitation point and the detector point based on the positional information of the excitation point and the detector point. The positional relationship includes a first positional relationship, a second positional relationship, or a third positional relationship. The first positional relationship is that, longitudinally, the excitation point is located at the front end of the tow cable, and the detector point is located in the tow cable, with the detector points evenly distributed in the tow cable at 12.5m intervals. The second positional relationship is that, longitudinally, the excitation line formed by the excitation points is parallel to the detector line formed by the detector points, and is located on either side of the detector line arrangement. The third positional relationship is that, longitudinally or laterally, the excitation point is located in the middle of the detector line arrangement.

[0095] The processing module 1203 processes the air gun array arrangement according to the positional relationship and the pre-set air gun array arrangement rules to obtain the optimized directionality of the energy emitted by the excitation point.

[0096] Furthermore, the device also includes:

[0097] The setting module is used to pre-set the direction of the detector line composed of several detector points as longitudinal, and the direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction as transverse.

[0098] The second acquisition module is used to acquire the first aspect ratio of the air gun array and the second aspect ratio of the observation system, wherein the second aspect ratio is the effective aspect ratio.

[0099] Furthermore, the device also includes:

[0100] The third acquisition module is used to acquire the coherent gun spacing, subarray spacing, number of coherent guns, and number of subarrays of the air gun array;

[0101] The adjustment module is used to adjust the coherent gun spacing and the subarray spacing, and / or the number of coherent guns and the number of subarrays, according to the pre-set air gun array arrangement rules, so as to obtain that the first aspect ratio of the air gun array and the second aspect ratio of the observation system reach a preset threshold.

[0102] As the device embodiment is basically similar to the method embodiment, the description is relatively simple, and relevant parts can be found in the description of the method embodiment.

[0103] Furthermore, based on the same inventive concept, a specific embodiment of this application also provides an electronic device, including a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor. When the processor executes the computer program, it performs the following steps:

[0104] The location information of the excitation point and the detector point, as well as the arrangement of the air gun array, are obtained. The air gun array is composed of several subarrays with a preset spacing, consisting of several air guns.

[0105] The positional relationship between the excitation point and the detector point is determined using the positional information of the excitation point and the detector point. This positional relationship includes a first positional relationship, a second positional relationship, or a third positional relationship. The first positional relationship is that, longitudinally, the excitation point is located at the front end of the tow cable, and the detector point is located in the tow cable, with the detector points evenly distributed in the tow cable at 12.5m intervals. The second positional relationship is that, longitudinally, the excitation line formed by the excitation points is parallel to the detector line formed by the detector points, and is located on either side of the detector line arrangement. The third positional relationship is that, longitudinally or laterally, the excitation point is located in the middle of the detector line arrangement.

[0106] Based on the positional relationship and the pre-set air gun array arrangement rules, the air gun array arrangement is adjusted to obtain the optimized directionality of the energy emitted by the excitation point.

[0107] Based on the same inventive concept, in specific embodiments of this application, the processor can implement any of the methods in the embodiments of the present invention when executing the computer program.

[0108] Since the electronic devices described in the specific embodiments of this application are devices used to implement the methods of the embodiments of this invention, those skilled in the art can understand the specific structure and variations of the devices based on the methods described in the embodiments of this invention, and therefore will not be described in detail here. All devices used in the methods of the embodiments of this invention fall within the scope of protection of this invention.

[0109] Based on the same inventive concept, this application also provides a storage medium corresponding to the methods in the embodiments: This embodiment provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program thereon, which, when executed by a processor, performs the following steps:

[0110] The location information of the excitation point and the detector point, as well as the arrangement of the air gun array, are obtained. The air gun array is composed of several subarrays with a preset spacing, consisting of several air guns.

[0111] The positional relationship between the excitation point and the detector point is determined using the positional information of the excitation point and the detector point. This positional relationship includes a first positional relationship, a second positional relationship, or a third positional relationship. The first positional relationship is that, longitudinally, the excitation point is located at the front end of the tow cable, and the detector point is located in the tow cable, with the detector points evenly distributed in the tow cable at 12.5m intervals. The second positional relationship is that, longitudinally, the excitation line formed by the excitation points is parallel to the detector line formed by the detector points, and is located on either side of the detector line arrangement. The third positional relationship is that, longitudinally or laterally, the excitation point is located in the middle of the detector line arrangement.

[0112] Based on the positional relationship and the pre-set air gun array arrangement rules, the air gun array arrangement is adjusted to obtain the optimized directionality of the energy emitted by the excitation point.

[0113] In practice, when the computer program is executed by the processor, it can implement any of the methods in the specific embodiments of this application.

[0114] The technical solutions provided in the specific embodiments of this application have at least the following technical effects or advantages:

[0115] This invention provides a method, apparatus, electronic device, and storage medium for optimizing the directionality of seismic source energy. It acquires the positional information of the excitation point and the receiver point, as well as the arrangement of the air gun array. The air gun array consists of several subarrays with equal spacing, each composed of several air guns. The positional relationship between the excitation point and the receiver point is determined using the positional information. Based on this relationship and pre-set air gun array arrangement rules, the arrangement of the air gun array is adjusted to obtain the optimized directionality of the energy emitted by the excitation point. By adjusting the combination of air guns of different capacities in the air gun array according to the relative positional relationship between the excitation point and the receiver point in the observation system, the directionality of the seismic source is optimized, ensuring that most of the source energy is concentrated within the range that the receiver point can receive. This maximizes the effective excitation energy, improves the signal-to-noise ratio, and reduces energy loss.

[0116] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, with each embodiment focusing on the differences from other embodiments. The same or similar parts between the various embodiments can be referred to each other.

[0117] Those skilled in the art will understand that embodiments of the present invention can be provided as methods, apparatus, storable media, and processors. Therefore, embodiments of the present invention can take the form of entirely hardware embodiments, entirely software embodiments, or embodiments combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, embodiments of the present invention can take the form of a computer program product implemented on one or more computer-usable storage media (including but not limited to disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.) containing computer-usable program code.

[0118] In a typical configuration, the computer device includes one or more processors (CPUs), input / output interfaces, network interfaces, and memory. Memory may include non-persistent memory in computer-readable media, random access memory (RAM), and / or non-volatile memory such as read-only memory (ROM) or flash RAM. Memory is an example of computer-readable media. Computer-readable media includes both permanent and non-persistent, removable and non-removable media that can store information by any method or technology. Information can be computer-readable instructions, data structures, modules of programs, or other data. Examples of computer storage media include, but are not limited to, phase-change memory (PRAM), static random access memory (SRAM), dynamic random access memory (DRAM), other types of random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), flash memory or other memory technologies, CD-ROM, digital versatile optical disc (DVD) or other optical storage, magnetic tape, magnetic magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other non-transfer medium that can be used to store information accessible by a computing device. As defined in this article, computer-readable media do not include transient media, such as modulated data signals and carrier waves.

[0119] This invention is described with reference to flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams of methods, terminal devices (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of the invention. It will be understood that each block of the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, and combinations of blocks in the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions can be provided to a processor of a general-purpose computer, special-purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing terminal device to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing terminal device, generate instructions for implementing the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams. Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 A device that provides the functions specified in one or more boxes.

[0120] These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable storage medium that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing terminal device to operate in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable storage medium produce an article of manufacture including instruction means, which are implemented in a process Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The function specified in one or more boxes.

[0121] These computer program instructions can also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing terminal equipment, causing a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable terminal equipment to produce a computer-implemented process, thereby providing instructions that execute on the computer or other programmable terminal equipment for implementing the process. Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The steps of the function specified in one or more boxes.

[0122] Although preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described, those skilled in the art, upon learning the basic inventive concept, can make other changes and modifications to these embodiments. Therefore, the appended claims are intended to be interpreted as including the preferred embodiments as well as all changes and modifications falling within the scope of the embodiments of the present invention.

[0123] Finally, it should be noted that in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or terminal device that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or terminal device. Without further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or terminal device that includes said element.

[0124] The present invention provides a detailed description of a method, apparatus, electronic device, and storage medium for optimizing the directionality of seismic source energy. Specific examples have been used to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of the present invention. The descriptions of the above embodiments are only for the purpose of helping to understand the method and core ideas of the present invention. At the same time, those skilled in the art will recognize that there will be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scope based on the ideas of the present invention. Therefore, the content of this specification should not be construed as a limitation of the present invention.

Claims

1. A source energy directionality optimization method, applied to a marine seismic acquisition and observation system, characterized in that, The method includes: The location information of the excitation point and the detector point, as well as the arrangement of the air gun array, are obtained. The air gun array is composed of several subarrays with a preset spacing, consisting of several air guns. The positional relationship between the excitation point and the detector point is determined using the positional information of the excitation point and the detector point. This positional relationship includes a first positional relationship, a second positional relationship, or a third positional relationship. The first positional relationship is that, longitudinally, the excitation point is located at the front end of the tow cable, and the detector point is located in the tow cable, with the detector points evenly distributed in the tow cable at 12.5m intervals. The second positional relationship is that, longitudinally, the excitation line formed by the excitation points is parallel to the detector line formed by the detector points, and is located on either side of the detector line arrangement. The third positional relationship is that, longitudinally or laterally, the excitation point is located in the middle of the detector line arrangement. Based on the positional relationship and the pre-set air gun array arrangement rules, the air gun array arrangement is adjusted to obtain the optimized directionality of the energy emitted by the excitation point.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Before acquiring the location information of the excitation point and the receiver point, as well as the air gun array arrangement, the following steps are also included: The direction of the detector line, which is composed of several detector points, is pre-defined as the longitudinal direction, and the direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction is defined as the transverse direction. Obtain the first aspect ratio of the air gun array and the second aspect ratio of the observation system, wherein the second aspect ratio is the effective aspect ratio.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, After the step of obtaining the first aspect ratio of the air gun array and the second aspect ratio of the observation system, wherein the second aspect ratio is the effective aspect ratio, the following steps are included: Obtain the coherent gun spacing, subarray spacing, number of coherent guns, and number of subarrays of the air gun array; By adjusting the spacing between the coherent guns and the spacing between the subarrays, and / or the number of coherent guns and the number of subarrays, according to the pre-set air gun array arrangement rules, the first aspect ratio of the air gun array and the second aspect ratio of the observation system reach a preset threshold.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pre-set air gun array arrangement rules include: If the excitation point and the detector point satisfy a first positional relationship, then in the longitudinal direction, the high-capacity air guns are concentrated in the rear half of the air gun array; or, If the excitation point and the detector point satisfy the second positional relationship, then in the longitudinal direction, the high-capacity air guns are concentrated in the area of ​​the air gun array near the detector point; or, If the excitation point and the detector point satisfy the third positional relationship, then in the longitudinal direction or the transverse direction, the high-capacity air guns are concentrated in the central cross-shaped area of ​​the air gun array and are centrally symmetrically distributed.

5. The method according to claims 1-4, characterized in that, The excitation point is the real-time position corresponding to the excitation energy of the air gun array, and the excitation points are arranged at a first interval to form the excitation line; the detector points are arranged at a second interval to form the detector line.

6. A source energy directionality optimization device, characterized in that, The device includes: The first acquisition module is used to acquire the location information of the excitation point and the detector point, as well as the arrangement of the air gun array, wherein the air gun array is composed of several sub-arrays with a preset spacing, consisting of several air guns. The determining module determines the positional relationship between the excitation point and the detector point based on the positional information of the excitation point and the detector point. The positional relationship includes a first positional relationship, a second positional relationship, or a third positional relationship. The first positional relationship is that, longitudinally, the excitation point is located at the front end of the tow cable, and the detector point is located in the tow cable, with the detector points evenly distributed in the tow cable at 12.5m intervals. The second positional relationship is that, longitudinally, the excitation line formed by the excitation points is parallel to the detector line formed by the detector points, and is located on either side of the detector line arrangement. The third positional relationship is that, longitudinally or laterally, the excitation point is located in the middle of the detector line arrangement. The processing module processes the air gun array arrangement according to the positional relationship and the pre-set air gun array arrangement rules to obtain the optimized directionality of the energy emitted by the excitation point.

7. The apparatus according to claim 6, characterized in that, The device further includes: The setting module is used to pre-set the direction of the detector line composed of several detector points as longitudinal, and the direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction as transverse. The second acquisition module is used to acquire the first aspect ratio of the air gun array and the second aspect ratio of the observation system, wherein the second aspect ratio is the effective aspect ratio.

8. The apparatus according to claim 6, characterized in that, The device further includes: The third acquisition module is used to acquire the coherent gun spacing, subarray spacing, number of coherent guns, and number of subarrays of the air gun array; The adjustment module is used to adjust the spacing between the coherent guns and the spacing between the subarrays, and / or the number of coherent guns and the number of subarrays, according to the pre-set air gun array arrangement rules, so as to obtain that the first aspect ratio of the air gun array and the second aspect ratio of the observation system reach a preset threshold.

9. An electronic device, characterized in that, It includes a processor, a communication interface, a memory, and a communication bus, wherein the processor, the communication interface, and the memory communicate with each other through the communication bus; Memory, used to store computer programs; A processor, when executing a program stored in memory, implements the method of any one of claims 1 to 5.

10. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, A computer program is stored on the computer-readable storage medium, which, when executed by a processor, implements the method as described in any one of claims 1 to 5.

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