An antenna unit, a wireless transceiver, and an electronic device

Abstract

This application provides an antenna element, including: a ground plane, a first resonant element, and a second resonant element stacked along a first direction, wherein the ground plane is grounded; the first resonant element is electrically connected to the ground plane, and the first resonant element and the second resonant element are electrically connected; the first resonant element includes a first resonant arm extending along a second direction, and the second resonant element includes a second resonant arm extending along a third direction; the first resonant arm and the second resonant arm have different dimensions; the first resonant element generates a first resonant point in a first communication frequency band, and the second resonant element generates a second resonant point in a second communication frequency band. The first resonant arm and the second resonant arm form a certain angle, which can avoid a large-scale dip in the radiation pattern of the antenna element within the coverage area (e.g., the main lobe). The antenna element has broadband radiation characteristics. The stacked structure can reduce the planar size of the antenna element, realize the miniaturization of the antenna element, and allow the antenna element to be placed in a space-constrained electronic device.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of wireless communication, and more particularly to an antenna unit and an electronic device. Background Technology

[0002] Ultrawideband (UWB) communication technology is a wireless communication technology. Due to its large bandwidth, it can be used for precise positioning. Typically, the UWB frequency bands are 6.5GHz and 8GHz. When a terminal product uses UWB technology for positioning, the antenna needs to meet the above requirements in both of these operating frequency bands.

[0003] However, in existing technologies, the radiation pattern of UWB antennas that simultaneously operate in two frequency bands exhibits a large-scale dip within the coverage area. This leads to inaccurate distance measurements and affects the precision of target positioning. Furthermore, UWB antennas are relatively large, making them unsuitable for installation in compact terminals. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This application provides an antenna unit, a wireless transceiver device, and an electronic device that can solve the above-mentioned problems.

[0005] In a first aspect, an antenna element is provided, comprising: a ground plane, a first resonant element, and a second resonant element stacked along a first direction, wherein the ground plane is grounded; the first resonant element is electrically connected to the ground plane at a first position via a first connector, and the first resonant element at a second position and a third position of the second resonant element are electrically connected via a second connector; the first resonant element includes a first resonant arm extending from the first position in a second direction, and the second resonant element includes a second resonant arm extending from the third position in a third direction; the first resonant arm has a first dimension, and the second resonant arm has a second dimension; the first resonant element generates a first resonant point in a first communication frequency band, and the second resonant element generates a second resonant point in a second communication frequency band; the second resonant element further includes a feed point, wherein the feed point is used for electrical connection with a feed source.

[0006] By stacking a first resonant element and a second resonant element in a first direction, the first resonant element includes a first resonant arm, and the second resonant element includes a second resonant arm. The first and second resonant arms form a certain angle, for example, close to or equal to 90 degrees. The electric fields generated by the first and second resonant arms will not cancel each other out, avoiding a large-scale dip in the antenna element's radiation pattern within the coverage area (e.g., the main lobe). The gain variation of the antenna element is relatively small near the angle of maximum radiation (e.g., within ±60 degrees of the maximum radiation angle). The resonant dimensions of the first and second resonant arms (e.g., ...) Figure 5AThe first resonant arm 503 has a resonant dimension of 5036 (length), and the second resonant arm 505 has a resonant dimension of 5058 (length). These differences allow for radiation at at least two resonant points. The stacked structure reduces the planar size of the antenna element, enabling miniaturization and making it easier to assemble into an array. This allows for easier placement of the antenna element within space-constrained electronic devices. The stacked first and second resonant elements are coupled, which expands the bandwidth of the antenna element.

[0007] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the first communication frequency band includes 6.5 GHz, and the second communication frequency band includes 8 GHz.

[0008] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the first connector is a via and the second connector is a via.

[0009] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the first resonant element is a rectangular radiating element, the second resonant element is a rectangular radiating element, the first position is located at a first edge of the rectangular radiating element, the second position is located at a second edge of the rectangular radiating element, wherein the first edge and the second edge are adjacent.

[0010] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, a first dielectric is filled between the first resonant element and the ground plane, and a second dielectric is filled between the second resonant element and the first resonant element, wherein the first dielectric is different from the second dielectric. For example, by setting dielectrics with different dielectric constants, the ability of the first or second resonant element to confine the electromagnetic field can be improved, and the problem of large-scale dips in the main lobe of the antenna element can be alleviated.

[0011] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the antenna element further includes an adjustable device, a first end of which is connected to the first resonant element, and a second end of which is connected to the second resonant element. By providing the adjustable device, the current path between the first resonant element 503 and the second resonant element 505 can be adjusted, and impedance matching can be performed. This can improve the ability of the first resonant element 503 or the second resonant element 505 to confine the electromagnetic field and alleviate the problem of a large-scale dip in the antenna element's radiation pattern on the main lobe.

[0012] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the first resonant element has a third dimension in a second direction, the third dimension being for a third resonant point, wherein the third resonant point is different from the second resonant point, and wherein the third resonant point is different from the first resonant point.

[0013] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the first resonant element or the second resonant element includes an opening.

[0014] In conjunction with the first aspect, in certain implementations of the first aspect, the spacing between the first resonant element and the second resonant element along the first direction is less than 0.02 resonant wavelengths, or the spacing between the first resonant element and the ground along the first direction is less than 0.02 resonant wavelengths, or the spacing between the first resonant element and the second resonant element along the first direction is less than 0.02 resonant wavelengths, and the spacing between the first resonant element and the ground along the first direction is less than 0.02 resonant wavelengths; wherein, the resonant wavelength is the wavelength corresponding to the minimum frequency point of the resonant points of the first and second resonant elements, and the resonant points include the first resonant point and the second resonant point. By setting the spacing, the ability of the first resonant element 503 and / or the second resonant element 505 to confine the electromagnetic field can be enhanced, avoiding a large-scale dip in the radiation pattern on the main lobe, and the height of the antenna element in the first direction can be reduced, allowing the antenna element to be applied in compact electronic devices, or making it easier to form an array of antenna elements.

[0015] A second aspect of this application provides an antenna unit, comprising: a ground plane, a first resonant element, and a second resonant element stacked along a first direction, wherein the ground plane is grounded; the first resonant element is electrically connected to the ground plane at a fourth position via a first connector, and the first resonant element at a second position and the second resonant element at a third position are electrically connected via a second connector; the first resonant element includes a first resonant arm extending from the fourth position toward a second direction, and the second resonant element includes a second resonant arm extending from the third position toward a direction opposite to the second direction; the first resonant element generates a first resonant point in a first communication frequency band, and the second resonant element generates a second resonant point in a second communication frequency band. A second resonant point is generated in the first resonant element; the distance between the first resonant element and the second resonant element along the first direction is less than 0.02 resonant wavelengths, or the distance between the first resonant element and the ground along the first direction is less than 0.02 resonant wavelengths, or the distance between the first resonant element and the second resonant element along the first direction is less than 0.02 resonant wavelengths, and the distance between the first resonant element and the ground along the first direction is less than 0.02 resonant wavelengths; wherein, the resonant wavelength is the wavelength corresponding to the minimum frequency point of the resonant points of the first and second resonant elements, and the resonant point includes the first resonant point and the second resonant point; the second resonant element further includes a feed point, wherein the feed point is used for electrical connection with the feed source.

[0016] By setting the spacing, the ability of the first resonant element 503 and / or the second resonant element 505 to confine the electromagnetic field can be enhanced, avoiding a large-scale dip in the radiation pattern on the main lobe. It can also reduce the height of the antenna element in the first direction, making the antenna element applicable to electronic devices in compact spaces, or making it easier to form an array of antenna elements.

[0017] In conjunction with the second aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the dimension of the first resonant arm in the second direction is different from the dimension of the second resonant arm in the second direction.

[0018] In conjunction with the second aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the dimensions of the first resonant arm in the third direction are different from the dimensions of the second resonant arm in the third direction.

[0019] In conjunction with the second aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the first resonant element further includes a second additional element extending from the first position in a direction opposite to the first direction, the second additional element being electrically connected to the first resonant arm. By providing the second additional element, the efficiency and bandwidth of the antenna element can be improved.

[0020] In conjunction with the second aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the second resonant element further includes a third additional element extending from a third position in the first direction, the third additional element being electrically connected to the second resonant arm. The inclusion of the third additional element can improve the efficiency and bandwidth of the antenna element at the first resonant point.

[0021] In conjunction with the second aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the first communication frequency band includes 6.5 GHz, and the second communication frequency band includes 8 GHz.

[0022] In conjunction with the second aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the first connector is a via and the second connector is a via.

[0023] In conjunction with the second aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, a first dielectric is filled between the first resonant element and the ground plane, and a second dielectric is filled between the second resonant element and the first resonant element, wherein the first dielectric is different from the second dielectric. For example, by setting dielectrics with different dielectric constants, the ability of the first or second resonant element to confine the electromagnetic field can be improved, mitigating the problem of large-scale dips in the main lobe of the antenna element.

[0024] In conjunction with the second aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the antenna unit further includes an adjustable device, a first end of which is connected to the first resonant element, and a second end of which is connected to the second resonant element.

[0025] A third aspect of this application provides a wireless transceiver device, the wireless transceiver device including a radio frequency transceiver and an antenna unit as described in either the first or second aspect, wherein the radio frequency transceiver is coupled to the antenna unit to transmit a signal to the antenna unit, and the antenna unit transmits the signal via electromagnetic waves.

[0026] A fourth aspect of the embodiments of this application provides an electronic device, the electronic device including an antenna unit as described in either the first or second aspect of the baseband processor, the baseband processor transmitting signals to the antenna unit, and the antenna unit transmitting the signals via electromagnetic waves.

[0027] A fifth aspect of this application provides an electronic device, the electronic device including an antenna unit as described in either the first or second aspect, the electronic device further including a metal frame and a PCB, the first resonant element or the second resonant element being the metal frame, and the ground plane being electrically connected to the PCB. By using the peripheral metal frame of the electronic device as a radiator, space within the electronic device can be saved, and because it is conformal to the metal frame, obstruction of the antenna unit's signal by the back cover or display screen can be avoided. Attached Figure Description

[0028] Figure 1 The diagram shown is a hardware architecture diagram of an electronic device provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0029] Figure 2A The image shown is a view of an electronic device provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0030] Figure 2B The image shown is another view of an electronic device provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0031] Figure 3 The image shows an antenna array provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0032] Figure 4 The figure shown is a spherical coordinate schematic diagram representing the radiation pattern of an antenna element according to an embodiment of this application.

[0033] Figures 5A-5C The diagram shown is a schematic diagram of an antenna unit provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0034] Figure 6 The image shown is a simulation diagram of the reflection coefficient of an antenna element provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0035] Figures 7A-7D The image shown is an antenna element radiation pattern provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0036] Figure 8The figure shown is a diagram of the radiation efficiency and overall efficiency of an antenna element provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0037] Figure 9 The diagram shown is a schematic diagram of another antenna element provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0038] Figure 10 The figure shown is a local electric field simulation diagram of an antenna element provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0039] Figure 11 The diagram shown is a schematic diagram of another antenna element provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0040] Figure 12 The image shown is a simulation diagram of the reflection coefficient of an antenna element provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0041] Figure 13 The diagram shown is a schematic diagram of another antenna element provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0042] Figure 14 The diagram shown is a schematic diagram of another antenna element provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0043] Figure 15 The diagram shown is a schematic diagram of another antenna element provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0044] Figure 16 The image shown is a simulation diagram of the reflection coefficient of an antenna element provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0045] Figures 17A-17D The image shown is an antenna element radiation pattern provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0046] Figure 18 The diagram shown is a schematic diagram of another antenna element provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0047] Figure 19 The diagram shown is a schematic diagram of another antenna element provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0048] Figure 20 The diagram shown is a schematic diagram of another antenna element provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0049] Figure 21 The diagram shown is a schematic diagram of another antenna element provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0050] Figure 22 The image shown is a simulation diagram of the reflection coefficient of an antenna element provided in an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0051] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this application clearer, the application will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0052] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the description of the embodiments of this application, unless otherwise stated, " / " means "or," for example, A / B can mean A or B; "and / or" in this text is merely a description of the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can represent: A existing alone, A and B existing simultaneously, and B existing alone. Furthermore, in the description of the embodiments of this application, "multiple" refers to two or more than two.

[0053] Hereinafter, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this embodiment, unless otherwise stated, "a plurality of" means two or more.

[0054] The terminology used in the description of the invention herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention.

[0055] Furthermore, in this application, directional terms such as "upper," "lower," "front," and "rear" are defined relative to the orientation of the components shown in the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that these directional terms are relative concepts, used for relative description and clarification, and can change accordingly depending on the orientation of the components in the accompanying drawings.

[0056] It should be noted that the term "electrical connection" in the embodiments of this application should be interpreted broadly, and may include physical direct connection, connection through coupling, or a combination of coupling connection and physical direct connection.

[0057] Electronic devices typically require antennas for wireless communication. Antennas enable electronic devices to communicate wirelessly in multiple frequency bands, including satellite navigation system communication bands, cellular telephone communication bands, wireless local area network communication bands, near-field communication bands, ultra-wideband communication bands, or other wireless communication bands.

[0058] The current mainstream UWB communication frequency bands include 6.5GHz (500MHz bandwidth) and 8GHz (500MHz bandwidth), requiring UWB antennas to operate wideband in both of these frequency bands. Furthermore, the compact space within the terminal necessitates the use of miniaturized UWB antennas.

[0059] To enable wireless communication in electronic devices, several antennas need to be installed inside the phone to cover wireless signals in different directions and / or on different communication frequency bands.

[0060] However, the bandwidth of a single antenna is narrow, making it difficult to operate in multiple frequency bands. Secondly, as the functions of electronic devices increase, the number of modules / devices (such as modules, sensors, etc.) inside the electronic devices increases, reducing the space available for placing antennas. Furthermore, the number of antennas that can be accommodated inside an electronic device is limited. Therefore, an antenna that can operate in multiple frequency bands is needed.

[0061] Before describing the embodiments of this application, some basic concepts will be explained:

[0062] Antenna polarization: The antenna polarization direction refers to the direction of the electric field vector of the electromagnetic wave in the direction of maximum radiation of the antenna. Common antenna polarization methods include vertical polarization, horizontal polarization, elliptical polarization, and circular polarization. If the electric field direction of the electromagnetic wave radiated by the antenna is horizontal to the ground during propagation, the antenna polarization is horizontal; if the electric field direction is parallel to the ground, the antenna polarization is horizontal; if the electric field direction is perpendicular to the ground, the antenna polarization is both horizontal and vertical; if the trajectory of the electric field vector's endpoint over time is elliptical, the antenna polarization is elliptical.

[0063] Antenna gain: "Gain" refers to the logarithm of the ratio of the electric field strength of the antenna's radiation pattern in the direction of strongest radiation to the electric field strength of a reference antenna. If the reference antenna is omnidirectional, the unit of gain is dBi; if the reference antenna is an electric dipole antenna, the unit of gain is dBd. Antenna gain is a passive phenomenon; the antenna does not increase power but merely redistributes it, radiating more energy in a certain direction than an omnidirectional antenna. If the antenna gain is positive in some directions, due to the conservation of energy, its gain in other directions will be negative. Therefore, the achievable gain of an antenna must balance its coverage area and its gain.

[0064] Antenna return loss can be understood as the ratio of the signal power reflected back to the antenna port to the transmitted power at the antenna port. The smaller the reflected signal, the larger the signal radiated into space through the antenna, and the higher the antenna's radiation efficiency. Conversely, the larger the reflected signal, the smaller the signal radiated into space, and the lower the antenna's radiation efficiency. Antenna return loss can be represented by the reflection coefficient S11 parameter, which is usually negative. A smaller S11 parameter indicates a smaller antenna return loss and higher antenna radiation efficiency; a larger S11 parameter indicates a larger antenna return loss and lower antenna radiation efficiency. The frequency point corresponding to the minimum value of the S11 parameter is called the resonant frequency.

[0065] Bandwidth: The bandwidth of an antenna refers to the frequency range in which it operates effectively. In engineering, the frequency band with an S11 parameter less than -10dB is usually referred to as the bandwidth. In some embodiments, the frequency band with an S11 parameter less than -5dB can also be referred to as the bandwidth.

[0066] Antenna pattern: also known as radiation pattern. It refers to the graphical representation of the relative field strength (normalized modulus) of the far-field radiation emitted by the antenna at a certain distance from the antenna, as a function of direction. It is typically represented by two mutually perpendicular plane patterns passing through the antenna's maximum radiation direction. An antenna pattern usually includes multiple radiation beams. The beam containing the point of maximum radiation intensity is called the main lobe, and the remaining beams are called side lobes. The main lobe of the antenna represents the required coverage area. Among the side lobes, the side lobe in the opposite direction to the main lobe is also called the back lobe. Typically, a two-dimensional antenna pattern can be represented by planes with phi set at different angles (e.g., ...). Figure 4 (As shown). For example, in such Figure 5A In the coordinate system, the xoz plane is the plane where phi equals 0. Rotating the xoz plane 90 degrees along the y-axis yields a plane where phi = 90 degrees. In this embodiment, the main lobe is defined as the coverage area required by the antenna.

[0067] An antenna's radiation pattern is related to its electrical length. For example, for an electric dipole, the radiation pattern of a half-wavelength electric antenna differs from that of a full-wavelength electric antenna.

[0068] Pattern dip: In the embodiments of this application, pattern dip refers to a dip in the antenna pattern within the required coverage area (e.g., the main lobe). For example, for Figure 5A The antenna element shown is required to cover the upper half of the xoy plane (e.g., the +z region) with its antenna pattern.

[0069] An array is an array of multiple identical (or different) antennas arranged according to a certain pattern. Current is fed to each antenna through a feeding network, and the amplitude and phase are controlled to obtain the radiation pattern of the array. This method is also known as beamforming. Beamforming can achieve high gain in specific directions or beam scanning. Typically, the antennas that make up the array are also called antenna elements, and it is necessary to ensure that the main lobe of the radiation pattern does not have a dip.

[0070] Medium wavelength: Due to the presence of a medium, the electromagnetic parameters of the medium (e.g., dielectric constant and permeability) are different from those in a vacuum. The propagation speed of electromagnetic waves in a medium is different from that in a vacuum, that is, their wavelengths are different. The propagation wavelength in a medium is called the medium wavelength.

[0071] It is understood that the specific embodiments described in this application are merely illustrative of the invention and not intended to limit it. Furthermore, it should be noted that, for ease of description, only the parts relevant to the invention are shown in the accompanying drawings. It should also be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described in this application can be combined with each other.

[0072] This application provides an antenna unit, a wireless transceiver, and an electronic device capable of operating in multiple frequency bands. It should be understood that in this application, "frequency band" has the same meaning as "frequency zone."

[0073] By stacking different resonant units in the height direction, antenna units can be miniaturized, making it easier to assemble antenna arrays and install them in compact electronic devices.

[0074] By setting a vertical or near-vertical resonant arm, the problem of large-scale pattern concavity caused by the mutual cancellation of the radiated electric fields of the resonant arm in the direction of the main lobe can be reduced.

[0075] By setting resonant arms of different sizes, the ground unit can generate at least two resonant points, wherein the first resonant point is in the first communication frequency band and the second resonant point is in the second communication frequency band. The first communication frequency band includes a UWB frequency of 6.5 GHz and the second communication frequency band includes a UWB frequency of 8 GHz.

[0076] The antenna element provided in this application can be applied to electronic devices. For illustrative purposes, this application uses electronic device 100 as an example.

[0077] Electronic device 100 may include at least one of the following: mobile phone, foldable electronic device, tablet computer, desktop computer, laptop computer, handheld computer, ultra-mobile personal computer (UMPC), netbook, personal digital assistant (PDA), augmented reality (AR) device, virtual reality (VR) device, artificial intelligence (AI) device, wearable device (e.g., smart bracelet, smartwatch, smart pendant), in-vehicle device, smart home device, or smart city device. Electronic device 100 may also be a handheld device with wireless communication capabilities, a computing device or other processing device connected to a wireless modem, in-vehicle device (e.g., vehicle radar), electronic device in a 5G network, or electronic device in a future evolved public land mobile network (PLMN), etc., and this application embodiment is not limited thereto.

[0078] Figure 1 An exemplary architectural diagram of the electronic device 100 provided in this application is shown, with the electronic device 100 being a mobile phone for illustration.

[0079] Electronic device 100 may include processor 110, external memory interface 120, internal memory 121, universal serial bus (USB) connector 130, charging management module 140, power management module 141, battery 142, antenna 1, antenna 2, mobile communication module 150, wireless communication module 160, audio module 170, speaker 170A, receiver 170B, microphone 170C, headphone jack 170D, sensor module 180, button 190, motor 191, indicator 192, camera 193, display screen 194, and subscriber identification module (SIM) card interface 195, etc. The sensor module 180 may include a pressure sensor (not shown in the figure), a gyroscope sensor 180B, a barometric pressure sensor (not shown in the figure), a magnetic sensor (not shown in the figure), an accelerometer sensor 180E, a distance sensor 180F, a proximity sensor 180G, a fingerprint sensor 180H, a temperature sensor (not shown in the figure), a touch sensor 180K, an ambient light sensor 180L, a bone conduction sensor 180M, etc.

[0080] It is understood that the structures illustrated in the embodiments of this application do not constitute a specific limitation on the electronic device 100. In other embodiments of this application, the electronic device 100 may include more or fewer components than illustrated, or combine some components, or split some components, or have different component arrangements (for example, the electronic device 100 may not include the USB connector 130, but include a lighting interface). The illustrated components may be implemented in hardware, software, or a combination of software and hardware.

[0081] Processor 110 may include one or more processing units, such as application processors (APs), modem processors, graphics processing units (GPUs), image signal processors (ISPs), controllers, video codecs, digital signal processors (DSPs), baseband processors, and / or neural network processing units (NPUs). These different processing units may be independent devices or integrated into one or more processors.

[0082] The wireless communication function of electronic device 100 can be realized through antenna 1, antenna 2, mobile communication module 150, wireless communication module 160, modem processor and baseband processor, etc.

[0083] Antenna 1 and antenna 2 are used to transmit and receive electromagnetic wave signals. Each antenna in electronic device 100 can be used to cover one or more communication frequency bands. Different antennas can also be multiplexed to improve antenna utilization. For example, antenna 1 can be multiplexed as a diversity antenna for a wireless local area network. In some other embodiments, the antennas can be used in conjunction with tuning switches.

[0084] The mobile communication module 150 can provide solutions for wireless communication, including 2G / 3G / 4G / 5G, applied to the electronic device 100. The mobile communication module 150 may include at least one filter, switch, power amplifier, low noise amplifier (LNA), etc. The mobile communication module 150 can receive electromagnetic waves via antenna 1, and perform filtering, amplification, and other processing on the received electromagnetic waves before transmitting them to a modem processor for demodulation. The mobile communication module 150 can also amplify the signal modulated by the modem processor and convert it into electromagnetic waves for radiation via antenna 1. In some embodiments, at least some functional modules of the mobile communication module 150 may be housed in the processor 110. In some embodiments, at least some functional modules of the mobile communication module 150 and at least some modules of the processor 110 may be housed in the same device.

[0085] The modem processor may include a modulator and a demodulator. The modulator modulates the low-frequency baseband signal to be transmitted into a mid-to-high frequency signal. The demodulator demodulates the received electromagnetic wave signal into a low-frequency baseband signal. The demodulator then transmits the demodulated low-frequency baseband signal to the baseband processor for processing. After processing by the baseband processor, the low-frequency baseband signal is transmitted to the application processor. The application processor outputs sound signals through an audio device (not limited to speaker 170A, receiver 170B, etc.) or displays images or videos through the display screen 194. In some embodiments, the modem processor may be a separate device. In other embodiments, the modem processor may be independent of the processor 110 and may be housed in the same device as the mobile communication module 150 or other functional modules.

[0086] The wireless communication module 160 can provide solutions for wireless communication applications on the electronic device 100, including wireless local area networks (WLAN) (such as wireless fidelity (Wi-Fi) networks), Bluetooth (BT), Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE), ultra-wideband (UWB), global navigation satellite system (GNSS), frequency modulation (FM), near field communication (NFC), and infrared (IR) technologies. The wireless communication module 160 can be one or more devices integrating at least one communication processing module. The wireless communication module 160 receives electromagnetic waves via antenna 2, performs frequency modulation and filtering of the electromagnetic wave signals, and sends the processed signal to processor 110. The wireless communication module 160 can also receive signals to be transmitted from processor 110, perform frequency modulation and amplification, and convert them into electromagnetic waves for radiation via antenna 2.

[0087] In some embodiments, antenna 1 of electronic device 100 is coupled to mobile communication module 150, and antenna 2 is coupled to wireless communication module 160, enabling electronic device 100 to communicate with networks and other electronic devices via wireless communication technology. This wireless communication technology may include Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM), General Packet Radio Service (GPRS), Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA), Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA), Time Division Code Division Multiple Access (TD-SCDMA), Long Term Evolution (LTE), BT, GNSS, WLAN, NFC, FM, and / or IR technologies, etc. The GNSS may include the Global Positioning System (GPS), the Global Navigation Satellite System (GLONASS), the BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS), the Quasi-Zenith Satellite System (QZSS), and / or satellite-based augmentation systems (SBAS).

[0088] Figures 2A-2B The diagram shown is a schematic diagram of an electronic device 100 configured with an antenna unit provided in this application embodiment.

[0089] like Figure 2A As shown, the explanation will be based on an electronic device 100, which is a mobile phone.

[0090] Electronic device 100 may include at least one of the following elements: display module, mid-frame, back cover, and printed circuit board (PCB).

[0091] The material of the middle frame (or back cover) may include at least one of the following: plastic, glass, metal, etc.; in some embodiments, the middle frame and the back cover may be an integral piece.

[0092] In some embodiments, the electronic device 100 includes an antenna for wireless communication.

[0093] Schematic, the antenna on the electronic device 100 may include an antenna 205 located on or near the mid-frame of the phone. To avoid blocking the antenna's radiated signal, the mid-frame of the electronic device may include an opening (e.g., a speaker audio opening or other opening) that can be used to house the antenna 205 as a radiation window for the antenna 205, and the opening may be filled with a dielectric (e.g., plastic) or air.

[0094] In some embodiments, to prevent communication interruption caused by a person's hand, other parts of the body, or other objects in the environment blocking the antenna's radiated signal, the electronic device 100 may include multiple antennas. The electronic device 100 can switch antennas in different scenarios to maintain uninterrupted communication. For example, the electronic device may also include antennas 207, 201, and 203 at different locations on the electronic device. When a user holds the electronic device 100, antennas 203 and 205 may be blocked by the user's hand. The electronic device can detect the strength of the received signal and / or detect the user's gesture (e.g., detect the user's hand grip posture) and then switch the operating antenna to antenna 201 and / or antenna 207.

[0095] In some embodiments, to meet communication requirements in different radiation directions, the electronic device may further include an antenna 209 on the back cover. In some embodiments, the antenna 209 on the electronic device 100 may also be placed on a PCB board, or the antenna 209 on the electronic device 100 may also be placed on a display module. In some embodiments, the antenna 209 may also be fixed in an FPC.

[0096] It should be understood that the positions of antennas 207, 205, 201, 203, and 209 are illustrative.

[0097] It should be noted that the antenna on the electronic device may also include antennas of other frequency bands. For example, the antenna in the electronic device 100 may also include antennas of 2G, 3G, LTE (Long-term evolution) 4G cellular communication bands, wireless local area network antennas (such as antennas operating in the 2.4GHz and / or 5GHz bands, or Bluetooth antennas), NFC (Near-field communication) antennas, satellite navigation GPS (Global positioning system), etc.

[0098] In some embodiments, because electromagnetic waves suffer significant losses during propagation in space in certain special frequency bands (e.g., millimeter wave bands) or in certain special application scenarios, antennas can also exist in the form of antenna arrays or antenna modules.

[0099] Indicative Figure 3 The diagram shows a top view of antenna 205 (viewed from the right side of the electronic device). Antenna 205 may include at least one antenna element on substrate 300. For example, antenna 205 may include antenna elements 205-1, 205-2, 205-3, and 205-4. It should be understood that the number and arrangement of antenna elements are illustrative. It should be understood that substrate 300 may be a rigid or flexible circuit board, or a dielectric substrate (e.g., epoxy resin, ceramic, glass, foam, plastic, etc.). In some embodiments, substrate 300 may include multiple dielectric layers, wherein the dielectric layers may include multiple layers of glass fiber-filled epoxy resin, etc.

[0100] In some embodiments, the electronic device 100 can feed different antenna elements through different feed ports. For example, by controlling the amplitude and phase of the current in feed ports 301, 302, 303, and 304, the switching of the radiation beam of the antenna 205 can be controlled.

[0101] In some embodiments, antenna 205 can operate in a single frequency band, and the different antenna elements on antenna 205 have the same size. For example, the antenna structure and operating frequency band of each antenna element on antenna element 205 may be different.

[0102] In some embodiments, antenna 205 can operate across multiple frequency bands, and antenna 205 may include antenna elements of different sizes. For example, antenna elements 205-1 and 205-2 are a set of antenna elements operating in the same frequency band, and antenna elements 205-3 and 205-4 are another set of antenna elements operating in the same frequency band. The structures of antenna elements 205-3 and 205-4 may differ from those of antenna elements 205-3 and 205-4, and the operating frequency bands of antenna elements 205-3 and 205-4 may differ from those of antenna elements 205-3 and 205-4.

[0103] In some embodiments, the form of the antenna element is not limited. For example, antenna element 205-1 can be a patch antenna (the patch shape can be circular, elliptical, rectangular, etc.), a dipole antenna, a Yagi antenna, a magnetoelectric dipole antenna, a loop antenna, an inverted-F antenna, a slot antenna, a helical antenna, or any combination of the above antennas. Different antenna combinations can be antennas with different bandwidths. In some embodiments, the antenna element can be a circularly polarized antenna or a linearly polarized antenna; the polarization method of the antenna element is not limited in this application embodiment.

[0104] In some embodiments, the antenna on the electronic device 100 may have multiple beams, the beams pointing in different directions. For example, the antenna 205 can generate beams pointing in different directions through beamforming (e.g., beams pointing in different directions can be generated by switching). It should be understood that beam switching in this embodiment refers to switching the main lobe radiation direction of the antenna pattern.

[0105] In some embodiments, in order to reduce transmission loss along the path between the transceiver circuit and the antenna, at least two of the following can be integrated into the antenna module (or unit): antenna element and / or antenna array, radio frequency integrated circuit (RFIC), and radio frequency transceiver circuit.

[0106] In some embodiments, antenna 205 may include an antenna element and a radio frequency integrated circuit. The radio frequency integrated circuit includes at least one or more combinations of circuits such as a radio frequency transceiver, a power amplifier circuit, a up / down converter circuit, a duplexer, a low-noise amplifier circuit, a tuning circuit, and a switch. It should be understood that the radio frequency transceiver, power amplifier circuit, up / down converter circuit, duplexer, low-noise amplifier circuit, tuning circuit, and switch may be packaged with the antenna element (e.g., via an antenna-in-package) in the form of a chip to form an antenna module.

[0107] Schematic, antenna 205 may include an antenna array, wherein the antenna array is composed of antenna elements 205-1, 205-2, 205-3, and 205-4. Antenna 205 includes at least one element such as a radio frequency (RF) front-end chip (or RF front-end circuit), a power management chip (or power management circuit), and an RF transceiver chip (or RF transceiver circuit). Antenna 205 may also include a dielectric substrate (e.g., epoxy resin, ceramic, glass, foam, plastic, etc.) for placing the antenna array and / or the antenna array and the RF front-end circuit.

[0108] Antenna 209 may also include an antenna array composed of antenna elements 209-1, or antenna 209 may form a module with an RF integrated circuit. Descriptions of antenna elements and antenna modules can be found at [reference needed]. Figure 3 The relevant content will not be repeated here.

[0109] It should be noted that the radiation beam direction of antenna 209 on electronic device 100 is different from that of antenna 205. The radiation direction of antenna 209 is either in front of or behind electronic device 100.

[0110] like Figure 4As shown, the radiation pattern of antenna element 205-1 is usually observed using a spherical coordinate system. For example, the value of phi can be fixed to observe the radiation pattern of the two-dimensional plane corresponding to theta from 0 to 180 degrees. Typically, the radiation patterns of the two vertical planes with phi of 0 degrees and phi of 90 degrees are observed.

[0111] Figure 5A The image shown is an exploded view of a schematic antenna element 205-1 provided in an embodiment of this application. Figures 5B-5C The image shows a cross-sectional view of the antenna element from different angles.

[0112] like Figure 5A As shown, the antenna unit includes a ground plane 501, a first resonant element 503, and a second resonant element 505 stacked along a first direction (e.g., the z-direction). The first resonant element 503 and the second resonant element 505 serve as a first radiator and a second radiator, respectively, radiating electromagnetic waves.

[0113] In some embodiments, the floor 501 may be a printed circuit board (PCB) inside the electronic device 100.

[0114] The materials of the first resonant element 503 and the second resonant element 505 can be metals, graphene, or other materials; the materials are not limited in the embodiments of this application. In some embodiments, they can also be conductive traces.

[0115] In some embodiments, the floor 501 and the first resonant element 503 may be filled with a first dielectric (e.g., glass, plastic, etc.). In other embodiments, a second dielectric (e.g., glass, plastic) may be filled between the first resonant element 503 and the second resonant element 505.

[0116] Schematic, the first resonant element 503 and the second resonant element 505 may have the same shape. For example, both the first resonant element 503 and the second resonant element 505 are rectangular.

[0117] The first resonant element 503 may include two perpendicular or nearly perpendicular edges, which are arranged adjacent to each other. For example, the first resonant element 503 includes an edge 5031 extending along a second direction (e.g., the x-direction) and an edge 5032 extending along a third direction (e.g., the y-direction). The first and second directions are perpendicular or nearly perpendicular.

[0118] The second resonant element 505 includes two perpendicular or nearly perpendicular edges, which are arranged adjacent to each other. For example, the second resonant element 505 includes an edge 5051 along a second direction (e.g., the x-direction) and an edge 5052 along a third direction (e.g., the y-direction).

[0119] A first location (e.g., edge 5031 or a point on edge 5031) of the first resonant element 503 and the ground plane 501 are electrically connected via a first connector 507. The first resonant element includes a first resonant arm extending from the first location in a third direction (e.g., the y-direction). In some embodiments, the first connector 507 may be a via (or through-hole). Optionally, the via is a metal via. Optionally, the first connector 507 includes a plurality of metal vias, and the plurality of metal vias are arranged in a second direction (e.g., the x-direction). Electrical connection via vias facilitates antenna packaging.

[0120] The third position of the second resonant element 505 (e.g., edge 5052 or a point on edge 5052) and the second position of the first resonant element 503 (e.g., edge 5032 or a point on edge 5032) are electrically connected via the second connector 509. The second resonant element 505 includes a second resonant arm extending from the third position in a fourth direction (e.g., the -x direction opposite to the second direction). The second connector 509 can have the same configuration as the first connector 507, which will not be described again here; the difference lies in the direction of its extension.

[0121] like Figure 5A Alternatively, as shown in 5B, the feed point 5055 can be disposed on the second resonant element 505, wherein the feed point is used for electrical connection with a feed terminal (not shown, the feed terminal may be a coaxial line). In some embodiments, the feed point may be located at a corner or edge of the resonant element 505.

[0122] The first resonant arm has a first dimension (e.g., along a third direction, such as the y-direction) Figure 5A (5036) generates a first resonant point, wherein the first resonant point is within the first communication frequency band.

[0123] In some embodiments, the first communication frequency band includes the UWB (ultra-wideband bandwidth) band of 6.5 GHz, or a frequency band near the 6.5 GHz frequency point (e.g., 20% of the bandwidth before and after 6.5 GHz).

[0124] In some embodiments, the resonant mode generated by the first resonant arm is a quarter-wavelength resonant mode. It should be understood that the wavelength may include the air wavelength or the corresponding dielectric wavelength at the resonant frequency.

[0125] The second resonant arm has a second dimension (e.g., along the fourth direction (e.g., the -x direction opposite to the second direction)). Figure 5A As shown in 5058), a second resonant point is generated, which is within the second communication frequency band.

[0126] In some embodiments, the second communication frequency band includes the UWB (ultra-wideband bandwidth) band 8 GHz, or a frequency band near the 8 GHz frequency point (e.g., 20% of the bandwidth before and after 8 GHz).

[0127] In some embodiments, the resonant mode of the second resonant arm is a quarter-wavelength resonant mode. It should be understood that the wavelength may include the air wavelength or the corresponding dielectric wavelength at the resonant frequency.

[0128] It should be understood that the actual size can be longer or shorter, as long as it does not exceed the tolerance.

[0129] By stacking a first resonant element and a second resonant element in a first direction, the first resonant element includes a first resonant arm, and the second resonant element includes a second resonant arm. The first and second resonant arms form a certain angle, which is close to or equal to 90 degrees. The electric fields generated by the first and second resonant arms will not cancel each other out, thus avoiding a large-scale dip in the antenna element's radiation pattern within the coverage area (e.g., the main lobe). The gain variation of the antenna element is relatively small near the angle of maximum radiation (e.g., within ±60 degrees of the maximum radiation angle). The resonant dimensions of the first and second resonant arms (e.g., ...) Figure 5A The resonant dimension of the first resonant arm 503 is 5036 (length), and the resonant dimension of the second resonant arm 505 is 5058 (length). This allows for radiation at at least two resonant points while reducing the planar size of the antenna element, thus miniaturizing the antenna element. This makes it easier to assemble the antenna elements into an array, and the antenna element can be more conveniently placed in compact electronic devices.

[0130] like Figure 5C As shown, the distance (or height) between the first resonant unit 503 and the second resonant element 505 along the first direction is h2, and the distance (or height) between the first resonant element 503 and the floor 501 along the first direction is h1.

[0131] Figures 6-8 Figure 5 shows a simulation result of an illustrative antenna element 205-1 as described in the embodiment.

[0132] Air is filled between the floor 501 and the first resonant element 503, and air is also filled between the first resonant element 503 and the second resonant element 505. The distance between the first resonant element 503 and the floor 501 in the first direction is 1 mm. The distance between the first resonant element 503 and the second resonant element 505 in the first direction is 1 mm.

[0133] The first resonant element 503 is a rectangular resonant element with a length of 11 mm along a third direction (e.g., the y direction), and the second resonant element 505 is a rectangular resonant element with a length of 8 mm along the x direction.

[0134] like Figure 6 As shown, the first resonant element generates a first resonant point in the first communication frequency band (e.g., 6.25GHz-6.75GHz), and the second resonant element generates a second resonant point in the second communication frequency band (e.g., 7.75GHz-8.25GHz).

[0135] The antenna element generates a first resonant point at 6.5 GHz and a second resonant point at 8 GHz.

[0136] Figure 7 shows... Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the radiation pattern of the antenna element in the embodiment at two different resonant points and in different cross-sections (e.g., the first cross-section is phi = 0 degrees and the second cross-section is phi = 90 degrees).

[0137] Figures 7A-7B These are the radiation patterns of the antenna element at the first resonant point in two vertical planes (phi = 0 degrees and phi = 90 degrees). It can be seen that the antenna radiation patterns in both planes do not exhibit a large-scale dip in the main lobe.

[0138] Figures 7C-7D These are the radiation patterns of the antenna element at the second resonant point in two vertical planes (phi = 0 degrees and phi = 90 degrees). It can be seen that the antenna radiation patterns in both planes do not exhibit a large-scale dip in the main lobe.

[0139] Figure 8 The diagram shows the radiation efficiency and overall efficiency of the antenna element. It can be seen that, compared to the non-resonant point, the antenna element has higher efficiency (overall efficiency) at the two resonant points.

[0140] like Figure 9 As shown, in some embodiments, the first resonant arm has a third dimension (e.g., the dimension of 503 extending along the x-direction) along a second direction (e.g., the x-direction) or a fourth direction (e.g., the -x-direction), and the first resonant arm can generate a third resonant point. For example, the first resonant arm can generate a third resonant point within a second communication frequency band (e.g., a resonant point of 8.3 GHz). In some embodiments, the resonant mode corresponding to the third resonant point generated by the first resonant arm may include a TM1 / 2,1 resonant mode.

[0141] Compared to the antenna element shown in the embodiment of Figure 5, the first resonant arm extends in a different dimension in the second or fourth direction.

[0142] Figure 10 yes Figure 9 The local electric field distribution of the antenna element in the embodiment is shown in the diagram. Specifically, Figure 10 This is the electric field diagram of the first resonant arm resonating at the third resonant point. It can be seen that the third resonant mode of the first resonant element is the TM1 / 2,1 resonant mode.

[0143] like Figure 11 As shown, in some embodiments, the first resonant element 503 may also include an opening 5057. It should be understood that the opening 5057 may be closed or open. A closed opening may be a slit.

[0144] By constructing an opening in the first resonant element, which can extend the current path, the resonant frequency corresponding to the resonant point generated by the first resonant arm (e.g., the third resonant point at 8.3 GHz) can be lowered, thereby expanding the bandwidth of the antenna element. For example, opening a slot can lower the frequency corresponding to the third resonant point, making the frequency difference between the third and second resonant points smaller, reducing the reflection coefficient corresponding to the frequency band between the third and second resonant points, and expanding the bandwidth.

[0145] In some embodiments, the second resonant element may also include an opening, the beneficial effects of which can be cited. Figure 11 The details of the embodiments will not be repeated here.

[0146] Figure 12 The diagram shows a comparison of the reflection coefficients of antenna elements with and without slots. It can be seen that after the slot is added to the first resonant element 503, the third resonant point of the antenna element shifts to a lower frequency (from approximately 8.7 GHz to 8.3 GHz), and the second and third resonant points are closer together, increasing the operating bandwidth of the antenna element.

[0147] like Figure 13 As shown, in some embodiments, the antenna unit further includes a first additional element 513, wherein the first additional element 513 is electrically connected to the ground 501 via a third connector 511, the third connector 511 being arranged and extending in a second direction (e.g., the x-direction).

[0148] By setting the first additional element 513, the first resonant element 503 and the first additional element 513 can jointly generate at least one resonant point, thereby expanding the bandwidth of the antenna element.

[0149] The first additional element 513 and the second resonant element 505 can be spaced at the same distance from the ground along the first direction, which can improve the efficiency of the antenna unit.

[0150] like Figure 14As shown, in some embodiments, the first additional element 513 includes an opening, and a description of the opening (including its beneficial effects) can be found in [reference needed]. Figure 11 The description of the openings in the embodiments will not be repeated here.

[0151] Figure 15 This is another illustrative antenna element provided in the embodiments of this application.

[0152] The difference from the embodiment in Figure 5 is that the first resonant arm is connected to the floor at the fourth position (e.g., edge 5033), and the extension direction of the first resonant arm is the second direction (e.g., the x-direction).

[0153] In some embodiments, the dimension of the first resonant arm extending in the second direction (e.g., the x-direction) can be greater than the dimension of the second resonant arm extending in the fourth direction (e.g., the -x-direction). In other embodiments, the dimension of the first resonant element along a third direction (e.g., the y-direction) can also be greater than the dimension of the second resonant element along a third direction (e.g., the y-direction). In some embodiments, the dimension of the first resonant arm extending in the second direction (e.g., the x-direction) can be smaller than the dimension of the second resonant arm extending in the fourth direction (e.g., the -x-direction). In other embodiments, the dimension of the first resonant element along a third direction (e.g., the y-direction) can also be smaller than the dimension of the second resonant element along a third direction (e.g., the y-direction). The different dimensions of the first and second resonant arms can improve the confinement capability of the resonant element to the electromagnetic field and reduce the degree of pattern concavity of the antenna element.

[0154] Figure 16 What is shown is Figure 15 The simulated reflection coefficient diagram of the antenna element described in the embodiment. The antenna element generates a first resonant point in the first communication frequency band and a second resonant point in the second communication frequency band.

[0155] Figures 17A-17B What is shown is Figure 15 The antenna element described in the embodiment resonates at the first resonant point, and exhibits radiation patterns in two vertical planes (phi = 0 degrees and phi = 90 degrees). It can be seen that the antenna radiation patterns in both planes do not produce a large-scale dip in the main lobe.

[0156] Figure 17C-17D What is shown is Figure 16 The antenna element resonates at the second resonant point, and its radiation patterns are observed in two vertical planes (phi = 0 degrees and phi = 90 degrees). It can be seen that the antenna radiation patterns in both planes do not exhibit a large-scale dip in the main lobe.

[0157] In some other embodiments, it is possible to Figure 15Based on the antenna unit described in the embodiment, a slot is opened on the resonant arm. The beneficial effects of opening the slot can be referred to in the foregoing content, and will not be repeated here.

[0158] Figure 18 The image shows antenna elements in some other embodiments. (And...) Figure 15 The difference in the antenna unit described in the embodiment is that the distance between the first resonant element 503 and the ground plane 501 along the first direction is less than 0.02 resonant wavelengths, and / or the distance between the first resonant element 503 and the second resonant element 505 along the first direction is less than 0.02 resonant wavelengths, or the distance between the second resonant element 505 and the ground plane along the first direction (e.g., the z-direction) is less than 1 mm. It should be understood that the resonant wavelength refers to the wavelength corresponding to the smallest resonant point among the resonant points of the first and second resonant elements.

[0159] In some other embodiments, as shown in Figure 5- Figure 14 In any embodiment of the antenna unit, the distance between the first resonant element 503 and the ground plane 501 along the first direction is less than 0.02 resonant wavelengths, and / or the distance between the first resonant element 503 and the second resonant element 505 along the first direction is less than 0.02 resonant wavelengths, or the distance between the second resonant element 505 and the ground plane along the first direction (e.g., the z-direction) is less than 1 mm. It should be understood that the resonant wavelength refers to the wavelength corresponding to the smallest resonant point among the resonant points of the first and second resonant elements.

[0160] By setting the spacing (or distance) between the first resonant element 503 and the ground 501 along the first direction to less than 0.02 resonant wavelengths, and / or setting the spacing between the first resonant element 503 and the second resonant element 505 along the first direction to less than 0.02 resonant wavelengths, the ability of the first resonant element 503 and / or the second resonant element 505 to confine the electromagnetic field can be enhanced, avoiding a large-scale dip in the radiation pattern on the main lobe. Furthermore, the height of the antenna unit in the first direction can be reduced, allowing the antenna unit to be applied in electronic devices with compact spaces, or to be used to form an array.

[0161] Figure 19 The image shows antenna elements in some other embodiments. (And...) Figure 18 The difference in the antenna unit in the embodiment is that the first resonant element 503 may further include a second additional element 1901, wherein the second additional element is electrically connected to the first resonant arm through a first connector 507, the extension direction of the second additional element is opposite to that of the first resonant arm, and the second additional element and the first resonant arm have the same height (distance h1 from the floor along the first direction).

[0162] By adding a second additional component, the efficiency and bandwidth of the antenna element can be improved.

[0163] Figure 20 The image shows antenna elements in some other embodiments. (And...) Figure 19 The difference in the antenna unit in the embodiment is that the second resonant element 505 may also include a third additional element 2001, wherein the third additional element is electrically connected to the second resonant arm through a second connection 509, the extension direction of the third additional element is opposite to that of the second resonant arm, and the distance between the third additional element and the second resonant arm and the ground along the first direction may be the same.

[0164] Adding a third additional component can improve the efficiency and bandwidth of the antenna element at the first resonant point.

[0165] It should be understood that an antenna element may also include a second and a third additional element, such as... Figure 21 As shown. The beneficial effects of the second and third additional components will not be elaborated here.

[0166] In some embodiments, by setting the size of the second additional element, the second additional element can generate at least one resonant point.

[0167] Figure 22 This is a simulation diagram of the reflection coefficient of an antenna element. Each antenna element includes at least three resonant points.

[0168] In some embodiments, the space between the ground plane 501 and the first resonant element 503 is a first dielectric, and the space between the first resonant element 503 and the second resonant element 505 is a second dielectric. The dielectric constants of the first dielectric and the second dielectric are different. By setting dielectrics with different dielectric constants, the ability of the first or second resonant element to confine the electromagnetic field can be improved, and the problem of large-scale dips in the main lobe of the antenna element can be alleviated.

[0169] In some embodiments, the first resonant element 503 and the second resonant element 505 may include adjustable devices, wherein the adjustable devices may include at least one of a capacitor, an inductor, or a resistor. By providing adjustable devices, the current path between the first resonant element 503 and the second resonant element 505 can be adjusted, and impedance matching can be performed, which can improve the ability of the first resonant element 503 or the second resonant element 505 to confine the electromagnetic field and alleviate the problem of a large-scale dip in the antenna element pattern on the main lobe.

[0170] In some embodiments, at least one of the first resonant element or the second resonant element is the outer frame of the electronic device, and optionally, the outer frame is a metal frame.

[0171] By using the outer metal frame of the electronic device as a radiator, space inside the electronic device can be saved, and because it is conformal to the metal frame, the back cover or display screen can be avoided from blocking the signal of the antenna unit.

[0172] In this application, "at least one" means one or more, and "more than one" means two or more. "And / or" describes the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can represent: A alone, A and B simultaneously, or B alone, where A and B can be singular or plural. The character " / " generally indicates an "or" relationship between the preceding and following related objects; in formulas, the character " / " indicates a "division" relationship. "At least one of the following" or similar expressions refer to any combination of these items, including any combination of single or plural items. For example, at least one of a, b, or c can represent: a, b, c, ab, ac, bc, or abc, where a, b, and c can be single or multiple.

[0173] It is understood that the various numerical designations used in the embodiments of this application are merely for descriptive convenience and are not intended to limit the scope of the embodiments of this application.

[0174] It is understood that, in the embodiments of this application, the order of the above-mentioned process numbers does not imply the order of execution. The execution order of each process should be determined by its function and internal logic, and should not constitute any limitation on the implementation process of the embodiments of this application.

[0175] In the embodiments provided in this application, it should be understood that the disclosed systems, apparatuses, and methods can be implemented in other ways. For example, the apparatus embodiments described above are merely illustrative. Furthermore, the couplings or direct couplings or communication connections shown or discussed may be indirect couplings or communication connections between devices or units through interfaces, and may be electrical or other forms.

[0176] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of this application, but the scope of protection of this application is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in this application should be included within the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, the scope of protection of this application should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. An antenna element, characterized in that, The antenna element includes: A ground plane, a first resonant element, and a second resonant element are stacked along a first direction, wherein the ground plane is grounded. The first resonant element is electrically connected to the floor at a first position via a first connector, and the first resonant element at a second position and the second resonant element at a third position are electrically connected via a second connector. The first resonant element includes a first resonant arm extending from the first position in a second direction, and the second resonant element includes a second resonant arm extending from the third position in a third direction. The first resonant arm has a first dimension along the second direction, and the second resonant arm has a second dimension along the third direction, wherein the first dimension is different from the second dimension; the first resonant arm and the second resonant arm form a first angle, wherein the first angle is close to or equal to 90 degrees. The first resonant element generates a first resonant point in the first communication frequency band, and the second resonant element generates a second resonant point in the second communication frequency band; the first communication frequency band includes 6.5 GHz, and the second communication frequency band includes 8 GHz; The second resonant element also includes a feed point, wherein the feed point is used for electrical connection with a feed source.

2. The antenna element according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first connector is a through hole, and the second connector is a through hole.

3. The antenna element according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first resonant element is a rectangular radiating element, the second resonant element is a rectangular radiating element, the first position is located at the first edge of the first resonant element, and the second position is located at the second edge of the first resonant element, wherein the first edge and the second edge are adjacent.

4. The antenna element according to claim 1, characterized in that, A first dielectric is filled between the first resonant element and the ground plane, and a second dielectric is filled between the second resonant element and the first resonant element, wherein the first dielectric is different from the second dielectric.

5. The antenna element according to claim 1, characterized in that, The antenna unit further includes an adjustable device, the first end of which is connected to the first resonant element, and the second end of which is connected to the second resonant element.

6. The antenna element according to any one of claims 3-5, characterized in that, The first resonant element has a third dimension in a second direction, the third dimension being used to generate a third resonant point, wherein the third resonant point is different from the second resonant point, and wherein the third resonant point is different from the first resonant point.

7. The antenna element according to claim 6, characterized in that, The first resonant element or the second resonant element includes an opening.

8. An antenna element, characterized in that, The antenna element includes: A ground plane, a first resonant element, and a second resonant element are stacked along a first direction, wherein the ground plane is grounded. The first resonant element is electrically connected to the floor at the fourth position via a first connector, and the first resonant element at the second position and the third position of the second resonant element are electrically connected via a second connector. The first resonant element includes a first resonant arm extending from the fourth position in a second direction, and the second resonant element includes a second resonant arm extending from the third position in a direction opposite to the second direction. The first resonant element generates a first resonant point in the first communication frequency band, and the second resonant element generates a second resonant point in the second communication frequency band; the first communication frequency band includes 6.5 GHz, and the second communication frequency band includes 8 GHz; The spacing between the first resonant element and the second resonant element along the first direction is less than 0.02 times the resonant wavelength, or; The distance between the first resonant element and the floor along the first direction is less than 0.02 times the resonant wavelength, or; The distance between the first resonant element and the second resonant element along the first direction is less than 0.02 resonant wavelengths, and the distance between the first resonant element and the floor along the first direction is less than 0.02 resonant wavelengths. Wherein, the resonant wavelength is the resonant wavelength corresponding to the minimum frequency point among the resonant points of the first resonant element and the second resonant element, and the resonant point includes the first resonant point and the second resonant point; The second resonant element also includes a feed point, wherein the feed point is used for electrical connection with a feed source.

9. The antenna element according to claim 8, characterized in that, The dimensions of the first resonant arm in the second direction are different from those of the second resonant arm in the second direction.

10. The antenna element according to claim 8, characterized in that, The dimensions of the first resonant arm in the third direction are different from those of the second resonant arm in the third direction.

11. The antenna element according to claim 8, characterized in that, The first resonant element further includes a second additional element extending from the fourth position in a direction opposite to the second direction, the second additional element being electrically connected to the first resonant arm.

12. The antenna element according to claim 8, characterized in that, The second resonant element further includes a third additional element extending from the third position in the second direction, the third additional element being electrically connected to the second resonant arm.

13. The antenna element according to claim 8, characterized in that, The first connector is a through hole, and the second connector is a through hole.

14. The antenna element according to claim 8, characterized in that, A first dielectric is filled between the first resonant element and the ground plane, and a second dielectric is filled between the second resonant element and the first resonant element, wherein the first dielectric is different from the second dielectric.

15. The antenna element according to any one of claims 8-14, characterized in that, The antenna unit further includes an adjustable device, the first end of which is connected to the first resonant element, and the second end of which is connected to the second resonant element.

16. An electronic device, characterized in that, The electronic device further includes the antenna unit as described in any one of claims 1-15.

17. An electronic device, characterized in that, The electronic device further includes the antenna unit according to any one of claims 1-15, the electronic device includes a metal frame and a PCB, the first resonant element or the second resonant element is a metal frame, and the ground plane is electrically connected to the PCB.

18. A wireless transceiver device, the wireless transceiver device comprising a radio frequency transceiver and an antenna unit according to any one of claims 1-15, wherein the radio frequency transceiver and the antenna unit are coupled together.

Images