A fermentation treatment system for organic solid waste

Abstract

This invention discloses a fermentation treatment system for organic solid waste, relating to the field of solid waste treatment. The system includes a housing containing organic solid waste. A feed hopper is fixedly installed at the top of the housing. A first hydraulic rod is fixedly installed at the top of the housing via a support frame. A piston plate is fixedly installed at the telescopic end of the first hydraulic rod, and the piston plate is in sealed contact with the inner side of the housing. A porous, perforated support structure is also provided at the bottom of the inner side of the housing to support the material. An exhaust pipe with a one-way valve is also installed at the top of the housing. When the piston plate moves upward, a negative pressure is created inside the housing, allowing gas to enter from the bottom. The air flows upward through the organic solid waste, providing oxygen to the waste and preventing insufficient oxygen supply to microorganisms due to pressure buildup.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of solid waste treatment, specifically to a fermentation treatment system for organic solid waste. Background Technology

[0002] Organic solid waste refers to solid organic items or substances generated in production and daily life that have lost their original value or, although not lost their original value, have been discarded or abandoned. It mainly includes agricultural organic waste, such as crop straw and vines, livestock manure, and aquatic waste; industrial organic waste, such as organic residue; and municipal organic waste, such as landscaping waste, municipal sludge, animal carcasses from slaughterhouses, and kitchen waste.

[0003] The main method for treating organic solid waste is composting and fermentation, which allows for the recycling and reuse of organic waste.

[0004] In the fermentation of organic solid waste, open-air composting is often used in family workshops or areas with low levels of mechanization, such as in rural areas or small workshops. However, this method requires a large area and takes a long time, and has gradually been replaced by modern mechanical aerobic composting technology. The basic composting process typically consists of pretreatment, primary fermentation (first fermentation), secondary fermentation, post-treatment, deodorization, and storage. Fermentation towers are used for organic solid waste fermentation, such as common vertical composting towers, vertical multi-layer plate closed-door composting towers, and vertical multi-layer moving bed composting towers. During fermentation, air needs to be supplied to the fermentation tank to ensure the oxygen required by the microorganisms.

[0005] Existing fermentation towers mostly use air inlet pipes to supply air to the tower, such as vertical composting fermentation towers, vertical multi-layer plate closed door composting fermentation towers, and vertical multi-layer moving bed composting fermentation towers (e.g.) Figures 1-3 In some fermentation towers, an air inlet pipe is connected inside, and a fan is used to supply air to the tower, employing a passive air supply method. However, due to the accumulation and compression of organic materials within the fermentation tower, supplementing air through the air inlet pipe can lead to poor air circulation. This can result in insufficient air between the compressed materials, causing microorganisms to die due to lack of oxygen, thus hindering the fermentation process.

[0006] Moreover, when gas is supplied through a pipeline, the gas only enters the fermentation tank. Because the gas is relatively light, it floats at the top of the tank after entering, and cannot fully contact the solid waste when the microorganisms ferment the organic solid waste.

[0007] Furthermore, the pipes are arranged inside the chamber, which means that the air outlet is also a single pipe with a relatively small cross-section. This can create dead zones where the gas cannot flow, which can also affect the fermentation effect of organic solid waste. Summary of the Invention

[0008] The purpose of this invention is to provide a fermentation treatment system for organic solid waste to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0009] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a fermentation treatment system for organic solid waste, comprising a box containing organic solid waste to be treated, a sealable feed hopper fixedly installed at the upper end of the box, a first hydraulic rod fixedly installed at the upper end of the box via a support frame, a piston plate fixedly installed at the telescopic end of the first hydraulic rod, the piston plate being in sealed contact with the inner side of the box, and the first hydraulic rod capable of sliding up and down inside the box with the piston plate attached. The bottom inner side of the box is also provided with a support structure for carrying materials. The support structure is a porous structure, and air can flow through the holes. An exhaust pipe is also installed at the top of the enclosure, and a one-way valve is installed on the exhaust pipe.

[0010] Preferably, when the piston plate moves upward, a negative pressure is formed inside the box, and air enters from the supporting structure to replenish the inside of the box. The air passes through the organic solid waste particles in the box to replenish the organic solid waste with oxygen.

[0011] Preferably, when the piston plate moves downward, high pressure is generated inside the box, and the material inside the box is squeezed onto the supporting structure, sealing the holes in the supporting structure. At the same time, the one-way valve on the exhaust pipe opens, and air is discharged from the exhaust pipe.

[0012] Preferably, the load-bearing structure includes a load-bearing mesh and a support ring, with the support ring fixedly installed at the bottom of the inner cavity of the box, and the load-bearing plate located above the load-bearing ring; The bottom side wall of the box has an installation groove for inserting the support net into the box.

[0013] Preferably, the load-bearing structure includes multiple grid-structured sector plates, mounting rings, and lifting rings, with the multiple sector plates forming a circular structure; The mounting ring is fixedly installed at the bottom of the inner cavity of the box. A rotating shaft is fixedly installed on the outer side of the fan-shaped plate. A rotating groove is opened on the inner side of the mounting ring. The rotating shaft is rotatably installed in the rotating groove. The fan-shaped plate can rotate downward around the rotating shaft. Multiple fan-shaped plates open to form a discharge port. The upper end of the lifting ring contacts the bottom of multiple sector plates, providing support for the multiple sector plates; A second hydraulic rod is fixedly installed on one side of the bottom of the lifting ring, which can move the lifting ring up and down.

[0014] Preferably, a connecting rod is fixedly installed at the bottom of the sector-shaped plate, and sliding grooves are provided on both sides of the connecting rod. The upper end of the lifting ring is provided with a placement slot that matches the connecting rod. A sliding column that matches the slide groove is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the placement slot. The sliding column can move in the slide groove.

[0015] Preferably, a guide rod is fixedly installed on the other side of the bottom of the lifting ring, and the guide rod is symmetrically distributed with the second hydraulic rod.

[0016] Preferably, a connecting pipe is installed between the feed hopper and the housing, and a valve for controlling the closure of the pipe is installed on the connecting pipe.

[0017] Preferably, multiple support legs are fixedly installed at the bottom of the housing, and support rods are fixedly installed between the support legs. The guide rod and the second hydraulic rod are fixedly installed on the support rods.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: This invention utilizes a piston plate and a first hydraulic rod located at the upper end of the housing, and a support structure at the bottom of the housing. This support structure is porous or mesh-like, allowing air to enter the housing. When the piston plate moves upward, a negative pressure is created inside the housing, allowing gas to pass through the support structure from the bottom and enter the housing. The air flows upward over the organic solid waste, providing oxygen to the waste within the housing. Furthermore, the air passing over the organic solid waste ensures sufficient oxygen supply, preventing insufficient gas supply to microorganisms due to pressure buildup.

[0019] The chamber generates negative pressure and uses an autonomous (active) air intake method. The air intake surface of the chamber is the cross-section of the inner cavity. The air flows upward throughout the chamber and passes through all the organic solid waste inside the chamber, preventing any dead zones in the material. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 This is a diagram of the gas supply structure of a vertical multi-layer circular cylindrical composting fermentation tower, a prior art technology of this invention. Figure 2 This is a diagram of the gas supply structure of a vertical multi-layer plate closed-door composting fermentation tower, a prior art technology of this invention. Figure 3 This is a diagram of the gas supply structure of a vertical multi-layer moving bed composting fermentation tower, a prior art technology of this invention. Figure 4 This is a cross-sectional view of the overall structure of the housing and the supporting net of the present invention; Figure 5This is a structural diagram of the entire invention; Figure 6 This is a structural diagram of the housing, the first hydraulic rod, the piston plate, and the supporting mesh of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the gas discharge of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a cross-sectional view of the housing, sector plate, and second hydraulic rod of the present invention; Figure 9 This is another structural diagram of the lifting structure of the present invention; Figure 10 This is a structural diagram of the lifting ring and sector plate of the present invention; Figure 11 This is a structural diagram showing the opening of the discharge port of the present invention.

[0021] In the diagram: 1. Box body; 2. Feed hopper; 3. Connecting pipe; 4. First hydraulic rod; 5. Piston plate; 6. One-way valve; 7. Exhaust pipe; 8. Bearing net; 81. Mounting groove; 82. Sector plate; 9. Support ring; 10. Mounting ring; 11. Second hydraulic rod; 12. Guide rod; 13. Support rod; 14. Lifting ring; 15. Placement slot; 16. Sliding column; 17. Connecting rod; 18. Slide groove; 19. Rotating shaft. Implementation

[0022] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0023] Please refer to the figure. This embodiment provides a fermentation treatment system for organic solid waste, including a box 1. The upper and lower ends of the box 1 are open. Four support legs are fixedly installed at the bottom of the box 1 to support it and to create a distance between the box 1 and the ground, allowing air to directly enter the interior of the box 1. Figure 4 As shown.

[0024] A support ring 9 is fixedly welded to the bottom of the inner cavity of the container 1. A support mesh 8 is installed above the support ring 9. The support mesh 8 has multiple evenly distributed through holes (or the support mesh 8 can be directly set as a cross-shaped grid structure). Air can flow through the through holes, allowing gas to directly enter the interior of the container 1. The support mesh 8 supports the organic solid waste placed inside the container 1, preventing the organic solid waste from falling from the bottom of the container 1.

[0025] like Figure 6As shown in the figure, an installation groove 81 is formed in the bottom side wall of the box body 1. The opening of the installation groove 81 is the same as the diameter of the bearing net 8, and the bearing net 8 can be directly inserted into the interior of the box body 1 from the installation groove 81. Moreover, the bottom of the installation groove 81 is exactly flush with the upper end of the support ring 9. When the bearing net 8 is inserted into the interior of the box body 1 from the installation groove 81, it is just located above the support ring 9 and contacts the upper part of the support ring 9, so that the support ring 9 can support the bearing net 8. A sealing gasket is fixedly installed at the contact part between the bearing net 8 and the installation groove 81. After the bearing net 8 is placed inside the box body 1, the contact part between the bearing net 8 and the installation groove 81 forms a seal, which can prevent air from entering through the installation groove 81.

[0026] In this embodiment, the support ring 9 and the bearing net 8 form a bearing structure for organic solid waste to bear the materials inside the box body 1.

[0027] At the upper end of the box body 1, a feed hopper 2 is also fixedly installed. The feed hopper 2 is used to input materials into the box body 1. An inclined connecting pipe 3 is arranged between the bottom of the feed hopper 2 and the inner cavity of the box body 1. The materials in the feed hopper 2 directly flow into the connecting pipe 3 under the action of their own gravity and then fall into the box body 1 from the connecting pipe 3.

[0028] A valve is also installed on the connecting pipe 3, and the valve can control the opening and closing state of the connecting pipe 3. When the valve is closed, the connecting pipe 3 is in a closed state. When the valve is opened, the connecting pipe 3 is in an open state.

[0029] At the upper end of the box body 1, an exhaust pipe 7 is also fixedly installed. The exhaust pipe 7 is just located above the materials in the box body 1. The exhaust pipe 7 is connected to the upper part of the inner cavity of the box body 1. The exhaust pipe 7 is used to discharge the gas in the box body 1. A check valve 6 is also fixedly installed on the exhaust pipe 7. When the exhaust pipe 7 discharges gas to the outside, the check valve 6 is in an open state, so that the gas inside the box body 1 is discharged from the exhaust pipe 7. After the exhaust work is completed, the check valve 6 closes to prevent air from entering the interior of the box body 1 from the exhaust pipe 7.

[0030] At the upper end of the box body 1, a support frame is fixedly installed. As Figure 5 and Figure 6 shown, the support frame is in a "rice" - shaped structure. A first hydraulic rod 4 is fixedly installed at the central intersection of the "rice" - shaped structure. The first hydraulic rod 4 is placed vertically, and a piston plate 5 is fixedly installed at the telescopic end of the first hydraulic rod 4. The outer cylindrical surface of the piston plate 5 is connected to the upper - end side wall of the inner cavity of the box body 1. A sealing ring (such as a sealing ring with an O - ring, an O - shaped rubber sealing ring) is installed on the outer circumferential cylindrical surface of the piston plate 5, so that a seal is maintained between the piston plate 5 and the side wall of the box body 1. When the piston plate 5 moves up and down, it can change the pressure inside the box body 1.

[0031] As Figure 4 As shown, the connecting pipe 3 of the feed hopper 2 is in a closed state, and the material to be fermented is placed inside the box 1. When the piston plate 5 moves upward, as... Figure 4 As indicated by arrow a, the internal space of box 1 increases, creating negative pressure (during this process, one-way valve 6 is closed, and exhaust pipe 7 is not flowing). Since the bottom of box 1 is open, gas passes through the through-holes of the supporting mesh 8 into the inner cavity of box 1 and flows upwards from the inner cavity, as shown... Figure 4 As indicated by arrow b, due to the negative pressure generated inside the housing 1, the internal pressure distribution is uniform, causing it to draw in air autonomously. As the air flows through the support mesh 8 under suction, it is evenly distributed and passes through the mesh. The air intake surface is the entire circular surface of the support mesh 8 (i.e., the cross-section of the inner cavity of the housing 1). Figure 4 As indicated by arrow b at the bottom. During the upward flow of gas, the organic solid waste requiring fermentation inside chamber 1 is passed through, ensuring that all materials in chamber 1 are supplied with air, preventing insufficient oxygen supply due to material accumulation and compression. Furthermore, during the upward movement of piston plate 5, the pressure in the upper part of the inner cavity of chamber 1 decreases first (e.g., ...). Figure 4 As shown at point C), the gas in box 1 flows upward. This upward airflow exerts a vertical thrust on the materials, making them more loosely packed and increasing the gaps between them, thus facilitating airflow. After the gas flows upward in box 1, a negative pressure is created within the entire box 1, allowing external gas (such as...) to escape. Figure 4 As shown at point D, the material enters the box 1 from the support net 8 and continues to flow upward in the box 1, thus providing air to the material in the box 1. Moreover, due to the negative pressure, the looseness between the materials is increased (when the external air pressure enters the box 1 from the bottom, the airflow will lift the materials), and the gaps between the materials are increased, which improves the contact effect between the materials and the air, resulting in better fermentation and avoiding the dead zone situation caused by the existing method of using pipes to provide air.

[0032] When piston plate 5 moves to its uppermost position, the air intake operation of housing 1 stops. For example... Figure 7 As shown, the piston plate 5 then moves downwards, compressing the gas in the chamber 1. During this downward movement, the piston plate compresses the air, creating downward pressure on the material and causing it to press together. This pressing creates a seal on the bottom support mesh 8, increasing the pressure in the chamber 1. The one-way valve 6 then opens, allowing gas to escape through the exhaust pipe 7. When the piston plate 5 reaches its lowest point, its bottom is flush with the top of the exhaust pipe 7, completely expelling the compressed gas.

[0033] After the gas is discharged, the piston plate 5 moves upward repeatedly, drawing air into the interior of the housing 1, thereby achieving the purpose of continuously supplying gas to the organic solid waste inside the housing 1.

[0034] After fermentation is complete, the supporting net 8 is pulled out from the installation slot 81, and the fermented material can fall directly and be discharged from the box 1.

[0035] In addition to the load-bearing mesh 8 and the support ring 9, the load-bearing structure also employs a structure composed of sector plates 82 with multiple mesh structures. For example... Figure 8 , Figure 9 and Figure 10 As shown, the load-bearing structure includes multiple sector plates 82, a mounting ring 10, and a lifting ring 14. The mounting ring 10 is fixedly installed at the bottom of the inner cavity of the housing 1. The multiple sector plates 82 are combined to form a circular structure, as shown in the figure. Figure 9 As shown.

[0036] A rotating shaft 19 is fixedly installed on the outer side of the sector plate 82. A rotating groove is opened on the inner side wall of the mounting ring 10. The rotating shaft 19 is installed in the rotating groove, and the sector plate 82 can rotate downward around the rotating shaft 19.

[0037] A connecting rod 17 is fixedly installed on the bottom surface of the sector plate 82. Slide grooves 18 are opened on both sides of the connecting rod 17. A placement slot 15 is opened at the upper end of the lifting ring 14. The connecting rod 17 is placed in the placement slot 15 and can slide in the placement slot 15. Sliding columns 16 are fixedly installed on both sides of the placement slot 15. The sliding columns 16 are cylindrical structures and extend into the slide grooves 18. The sliding columns 16 can slide in the slide grooves 18, and the slide grooves 18 can also rotate relative to the sliding columns 16 when sliding.

[0038] A second hydraulic rod 11 is fixedly installed on the outer bottom of the lifting ring 14, and the telescopic end of the second hydraulic rod 11 is fixedly connected to the lifting ring 14.

[0039] A guide rod 12 is also fixedly installed on the outer bottom of the lifting ring 14, and the guide rod 12 is symmetrically distributed with the second hydraulic rod 11. Figure 9 , Figure 5 and Figure 8 As shown, the guide rod 12 includes an inner cylinder and an outer cylinder. The inner cylinder extends into the interior of the outer cylinder from one end and can slide up and down within the outer cylinder. A support rod 13 is also fixedly installed at the bottom of the support leg. The bottom of the second hydraulic rod 11 and the bottom of the guide rod 12 are both fixedly connected to the support rod 13. Materials can fall off the support rod.

[0040] When the second hydraulic rod 11 extends or retracts, it moves the lifting ring 14 up and down. As the lifting ring 14 moves, it also moves the guide rod 12. When the second hydraulic rod 11 retracts, it moves the lifting ring 14 downwards. The connecting rod 17 slides in the placement slot 15, while the sliding column 16 slides in the sliding groove 18. The sector plate 82 rotates downwards, and adjacent sector plates 82 open to form a discharge port. Figure 11 As shown, the material is discharged from the outlet under its own gravity. When the second hydraulic rod 11 rises, the fan-shaped plates 82 close together. When the lifting ring 14 rises to the highest position, the fan-shaped plates 82 are completely closed together, forming a complete circular structure.

[0041] When the sector plate 82 rotates downward and opens, the first hydraulic rod 4 moves the piston plate 5 downward, increasing the pressure inside the housing 1 and accelerating the discharge of material. In this state, the discharge port is unobstructed. Under the influence of the material's own weight and internal pressure, the airflow and material are discharged together from the discharge port. However, since the one-way valve 6 requires a certain pressure to open, it remains closed, and the exhaust pipe 7 is in a closed state.

[0042] When the piston plate 5 moves downward, the resistance is relatively large because the sector plate has a grid-like or perforated structure. When the discharge port is open, the resistance of the grid wall is small, and the airflow will be discharged from the discharge port. The downward movement of the airflow can drive the material out. Moreover, when the discharge port is open, the sector plate 82 is in a downward tilted state. The material on the sector plate 82 is subjected to a downward force. Only a slight movement of the airflow is needed for the material to slide down along the sector plate 82, thus avoiding material residue inside the box 1.

[0043] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A fermentation treatment system of organic solid waste, characterized by: The device includes a housing containing organic solid waste to be processed. A sealable feed hopper is fixedly installed at the top of the housing. A first hydraulic rod is fixedly installed at the top of the housing via a support frame. A piston plate is fixedly installed at the telescopic end of the first hydraulic rod, and the piston plate is in sealed contact with the inner side of the housing. The first hydraulic rod can slide up and down inside the housing, carrying the piston plate. The bottom inner side of the box is also provided with a support structure for carrying materials. The support structure is a porous structure, and air can flow through the holes. An exhaust pipe is also installed at the top of the enclosure, and a one-way valve is installed on the exhaust pipe; The load-bearing structure includes multiple grid-structured sector plates, mounting rings, and lifting rings, with the multiple sector plates forming a circular structure; The mounting ring is fixedly installed at the bottom of the inner cavity of the box. A rotating shaft is fixedly installed on the outer side of the fan-shaped plate. A rotating groove is opened on the inner side of the mounting ring. The rotating shaft is rotatably installed in the rotating groove. The fan-shaped plate can rotate downward around the rotating shaft. Multiple fan-shaped plates open to form a discharge port. The upper end of the lifting ring contacts the bottom of multiple sector plates, providing support for the multiple sector plates; A second hydraulic rod is fixedly installed on one side of the bottom of the lifting ring, which can move the lifting ring up and down; a guide rod is fixedly installed on the other side of the bottom of the lifting ring, and the guide rod and the second hydraulic rod are symmetrically distributed. When the piston plate moves upward, a negative pressure is formed inside the box, and air enters from the supporting structure to replenish the inside of the box. The air passes through the organic solid waste particles in the box, replenishing the organic solid waste with oxygen. The negative pressure increases the looseness between the materials and increases the gaps between the materials, thereby improving the contact effect between the materials and the air. When the piston plate moves downward, high pressure is generated inside the box, and the material inside the box is squeezed onto the bearing structure, sealing the holes in the bearing structure. At the same time, the one-way valve on the exhaust pipe opens, and air is discharged from the exhaust pipe. As the sector plate rotates downward and opens, the first hydraulic rod moves the piston plate downward, increasing the pressure inside the box and accelerating the discharge of materials.

2. The system for fermentation treatment of organic solid waste according to claim 1, characterized in that: The load-bearing structure includes a load-bearing mesh and a support ring. The support ring is fixedly installed at the bottom of the inner cavity of the box, and the load-bearing plate is located above the load-bearing ring. The bottom side wall of the box has an installation groove for inserting the support net into the box.

3. The system for fermentation treatment of organic solid waste according to claim 2, wherein: A connecting rod is fixedly installed at the bottom of the fan-shaped plate, and sliding grooves are provided on both sides of the connecting rod. The upper end of the lifting ring is provided with a placement slot that matches the connecting rod. A sliding column that matches the slide groove is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the placement slot. The sliding column can move in the slide groove.

4. The fermentation treatment system for organic solid waste according to claim 1, characterized in that: A connecting pipe is installed between the feed hopper and the box body, and a valve is installed on the connecting pipe to control the closure of the pipe.

5. The fermentation treatment system for organic solid waste according to claim 4, characterized in that: The bottom of the box is fixedly equipped with multiple support legs, and support rods are fixedly installed between the support legs. The guide rod and the second hydraulic rod are fixedly installed on the support rods.

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