Inert fluorides, inert fluoride fluids, and methods of making and using the same

Abstract

The present application provides an inert fluoride, an inert fluoride fluid, and a preparation method and use thereof, the inert fluoride comprising C6F 13 H, C6F 14 , C9F 19 H, C9F 20 , C 12 F 26 , C 12 F 25 H and isomers, stereoisomers, tautomers thereof. The fluid can be used for heat conduction, flame retardation of lithium ion energy storage batteries, lithium ion power batteries, sodium ion energy storage batteries, sodium ion power batteries, electrochemical batteries, charging devices, microprocessors, communication base stations and other devices. The present application solves the problems of difficult heat dissipation, low temperature start, chemical instability and operation safety during the operation of the above-mentioned devices.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to an inert fluoride, an inert fluoride fluid, a method for preparing the same, and its uses. In particular, it relates to an inert fluoride fluid for thermal conductivity and flame retardancy, which can effectively solve the problems of heat dissipation, low-temperature start-up, chemical instability, and safe operation of equipment. Background Technology

[0002] The heat generated by equipment, especially electronic equipment, can not only affect the performance of the equipment, but also endanger its operational safety and even cause accidents.

[0003] How to dissipate the heat generated by equipment in a timely manner is a hot issue that needs to be addressed. Heat dissipation methods generally include radiation, conduction, convection, and evaporation. Radiative heat dissipation refers to the equipment transferring heat to a cooler object in the form of thermal rays. Conduction heat dissipation refers to the equipment directly transferring heat to a cooler object in contact with it. Convection heat dissipation refers to heat exchange through gas flow. Evaporation heat dissipation is the process where water absorbs heat and releases it as it vaporizes from the surface. Convection and conduction are commonly used heat dissipation methods for equipment, with air and water being common heat transfer media. Air is economical and convenient as a heat transfer medium, but it has disadvantages such as low heat capacity, poor heat transfer ability, and slow heat transfer rate. Water is also economical and convenient, but it has disadvantages such as poor electrical and insulating properties, and is prone to short circuits and safety accidents.

[0004] Taking batteries as an example, electrochemical batteries are the core components of power batteries and energy storage battery systems, and their safe and reliable operation is crucial. As power batteries, on the one hand, when an electric vehicle is starting up or climbing a hill, or during charging and discharging, the battery will dissipate a large amount of heat. If this heat cannot be dissipated quickly, it will cause thermal runaway, and in severe cases, the battery may experience violent expansion and explosion. On the other hand, when an electric vehicle travels on rough roads, varying degrees of friction and collisions will occur between batteries, which not only damages the battery but may also generate sparks, leading to safety accidents. Similarly, as energy storage batteries, electrochemical batteries also dissipate a large amount of heat during charging and discharging. This heat also needs to be dissipated quickly; otherwise, it will also cause safety accidents, and may even directly lead to large-scale explosions and fires. Defects always exist in the manufacturing process of energy storage batteries and power batteries. Some defects are difficult to detect during factory testing and may not be apparent in the early stages of use. However, after the equipment has been used for a period of time, the defects will gradually be exposed and will manifest at some point, causing an accident. If there is no instantaneous in-situ flame retardant covering, it may cause catastrophic consequences. This situation has occurred many times during equipment operation, causing property damage and personal injury accidents.

[0005] Taking data centers as an example, according to estimates from the Internet Data Center, by 2024, global data centers will consume 5% of the world's total electricity. Of this 5%, over 42% is waste heat generated by servers. Excessive heat can cause server crashes, and in severe cases, lead to widespread data server outages.

[0006] Currently, high-power batteries, energy storage batteries, and data centers mostly use air cooling or liquid cooling for heat dissipation. Air cooling has a simple structure and low cost, but its heat dissipation efficiency is low, and the temperature distribution of the batteries at the air inlet and outlet is uneven, directly affecting the consistency of individual cells within the battery pack. With the increase in battery energy density and the continuous increase in the installed capacity of data centers, more and more heat is generated, and air cooling is gradually becoming unable to meet the heat dissipation requirements.

[0007] While liquid cooling offers good heat dissipation, commonly used heat dissipation fluids include water and ethylene glycol. These liquids are conductive, and in the event of a server short circuit or damage, these liquids will directly cause a short circuit, creating new safety hazards. Furthermore, because fluorinated compounds generally have good insulating and non-flammable properties, fluorinated compounds such as hydrofluoroethers and perfluoroketones have begun to be used in heat transfer fluids. However, these fluids suffer from poor thermal and hydrolytic stability, limiting their widespread application.

[0008] In recent years, hexafluoropropylene dimer and hexafluoropropylene trimer, which have good dielectric properties, low acute toxicity, and low global warming potential, have attracted attention and are used in the field of heat transfer in equipment. For example, patent ZL201880001706.6 mentions that hexafluoropropylene trimer can be used as a heat transfer fluid, and the patent specification mentions that the hexafluoropropylene trimer compound is hydrophobic, relatively chemically inert, and thermally stable.

[0009] However, we discovered hexafluoropropylene dimer (C6F) during actual use. 12 ), hexafluoropropylene trimer (C9F) 18 ), hexafluoropropylene tetramer (C 12 F 18 Hexafluoropropylene exhibits instability over long-term use; hydrogen fluoride is detected during extended use, corroding the equipment and reacting with certain materials, particularly metals and oxides, causing equipment defects, reducing its lifespan, and potentially leading to safety accidents. However, current technologies have not conducted in-depth research on the long-term stability of hexafluoropropylene dimers, trimers, and tetramers.

[0010] How to effectively solve the problems of low air cooling efficiency, poor safety of liquid cooling such as water or ethylene glycol, and long-term instability of hexafluoropropylene dimer (C6F12), hexafluoropropylene trimer (C9F18), and hexafluoropropylene tetramer (C12F18) are problems that urgently need to be solved by those skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0011] In view of the aforementioned problems in the prior art, the present invention provides an inert fluoride or inert fluoride fluid that can be used for efficient and rapid heat dissipation, rapid low-temperature start-up, and good long-term stability of equipment. It can effectively solve the problems of heat dissipation, low-temperature start-up, chemical instability and operational safety of equipment, and eliminate the safety hazards of long-term operation of equipment.

[0012] This invention provides an inert fluoride C6F 13 H and its isomers, stereoisomers, and tautomers can be used as thermally conductive and flame-retardant fluids. The isomers of the inert fluoride can be selected from:

[0013]

[0014] The inert fluoride C6F 13 H can be prepared by the following methods:

[0015]

[0016] A high-pressure reactor was sealed under vacuum and purged with an inert gas. A certain amount of aprotic solvent and an inorganic fluoride catalyst were added to the reactor and thoroughly mixed. Hexafluoropropylene gas was then continuously and slowly introduced, and the reaction was carried out at a pressure not exceeding 1.5 MPa and a temperature not exceeding 160°C. After a certain reaction time, the reaction was terminated. The reactor was then cooled and allowed to stand. The lower layer of product was separated and then distilled to obtain the initial product.

[0017] In another high-pressure reactor, a sealed vacuum was created and the reactor was purged with an inert gas. A certain amount of the aforementioned initial product was added to the reactor, followed by the introduction of anhydrous hydrogen fluoride. In the presence of a catalyst, the reactor was heated to 30-160°C, and the pressure was controlled at 0.1 MPa-5.0 MPa. After reacting for a certain period of time, the reaction was stopped, and the reactor was cooled to room temperature to obtain the target product C6F. 13 H.

[0018] Furthermore, the following preparation method is preferred:

[0019] A stainless steel high-pressure reactor with stirring was sealed and evacuated, with multiple nitrogen purgings. Then, the feed inlet was opened, and a certain amount of aprotic solvent was added to the reactor, along with a certain amount of inorganic fluoride catalyst. The reactor was then stirred at a set rate, and hexafluoropropylene gas was continuously and slowly introduced. The reaction was carried out under conditions where the pressure did not exceed 1.5 MPa and the temperature did not exceed 160°C. The reaction rate depended on the rate of hexafluoropropylene introduction. After a certain reaction time, the reaction was terminated. The reactor was then cooled and allowed to stand for 24 hours. The lower layer of product was separated and distilled to obtain the initial product.

[0020] Another Hastelloy high-pressure reactor with a stirrer was sealed and evacuated, and purged multiple times with high-purity nitrogen. Then, the liquid feed inlet was opened, and a certain amount of the aforementioned initial product was added into the reactor. Anhydrous hydrogen fluoride was then introduced through the gas feed inlet. In the presence of a catalyst, the reactor was heated to 30-160°C, the pressure was controlled at 0.1 MPa-5.0 MPa, and the stirring rate was 50-500 rpm. This was maintained for 2-12 hours, after which the reaction was terminated. The reactor was cooled to room temperature, and any unreacted gas was vented to the tail gas recovery system. The product was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to obtain the target product C6F. 13 H.

[0021] The present invention also provides an inert fluoride C6F 14 Its isomers, stereoisomers, and tautomers can be used as thermally conductive and flame-retardant fluids. The isomers of the inert fluoride can be selected from:

[0022]

[0023] The inert fluoride C6F 14 It can be prepared by the following methods:

[0024]

[0025] A high-pressure reactor was sealed under vacuum and purged with an inert gas. A certain amount of aprotic solvent and an inorganic fluoride catalyst were added to the reactor and thoroughly mixed. Hexafluoropropylene gas was then continuously and slowly introduced, and the reaction was carried out at a pressure not exceeding 1.5 MPa and a temperature not exceeding 100°C. After a certain reaction time, the reaction was terminated. The reactor was then cooled and allowed to stand. The lower layer of product was separated and then distilled to obtain the initial product.

[0026] Another high-pressure reactor was sealed, evacuated, and purged with an inert gas. A certain amount of the aforementioned initial product was added to the reactor, followed by the introduction of a nitrogen / fluorine mixture. The reactor was heated to 30-180°C, and the pressure was controlled at 0.2 MPa-5.0 MPa. After reacting for a certain time, the reaction was stopped, and the reactor was cooled to room temperature to obtain the target product C6F. 14 .

[0027] Furthermore, the following preparation method is preferred:

[0028] A stainless steel high-pressure reactor with stirring was sealed and evacuated, with multiple nitrogen purgings. Then, the feed inlet was opened, and a certain amount of aprotic solvent was added to the reactor, along with a certain amount of inorganic fluoride catalyst. The reactor was then stirred at a set rate, and hexafluoropropylene gas was continuously and slowly introduced. The reaction was carried out under conditions where the pressure did not exceed 1.5 MPa and the temperature did not exceed 160°C. The reaction rate depended on the rate of hexafluoropropylene introduction. After a certain reaction time, the reaction was terminated. The reactor was then cooled and allowed to stand for 24 hours. The lower layer of product was separated and distilled to obtain the initial product.

[0029] Another Hastelloy high-pressure reactor with a stirrer was sealed and evacuated, and purged multiple times with high-purity nitrogen. Then, the liquid feed inlet was opened, and a certain amount of the aforementioned initial product was added into the reactor. Subsequently, a nitrogen / fluorine mixture was introduced through the gas feed inlet, and the reactor was heated to 30-180°C, with the pressure controlled at 0.2 MPa-5.0 MPa and the stirring rate at 50-500 rpm. This was maintained for 8-24 hours, after which the reaction was terminated. The reactor was cooled to room temperature, and any unreacted gases were vented to the tail gas recovery system. The product was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to obtain the target product C6F. 14 .

[0030] The present invention also provides an inert fluoride C9F 19 H and its isomers, stereoisomers, and tautomers can be used as thermally conductive and flame-retardant fluids. The isomers of the inert fluoride can be selected from:

[0031]

[0032] The inert fluoride C9F 19 H can be prepared by the following methods:

[0033]

[0034] A high-pressure reactor was sealed under vacuum and purged with inert gas. A certain amount of aprotic solvent and an inorganic fluoride catalyst were added to the reactor and thoroughly mixed. Hexafluoropropylene gas was then continuously and slowly introduced, and the reaction was carried out at a pressure not exceeding 2 MPa and a temperature not exceeding 200°C. After a certain reaction time, the reaction was terminated. The reactor was then cooled and allowed to stand. The lower layer of product was separated and distilled to obtain the initial product.

[0035] In another high-pressure reactor, a sealed vacuum was created and the reactor was purged with an inert gas. A certain amount of the aforementioned initial product was added to the reactor, followed by the introduction of anhydrous hydrogen fluoride. In the presence of a catalyst, the reactor was heated to 30-160°C, and the pressure was controlled at 0.1 MPa-5.0 MPa. After reacting for a certain period of time, the reaction was stopped, and the reactor was cooled to room temperature to obtain the target product C9F. 19 H.

[0036] Furthermore, the following preparation method is preferred:

[0037] A stainless steel high-pressure reactor with stirring was sealed and evacuated, and then purged multiple times with high-purity nitrogen. The inlet of the feed line was then opened, and a certain amount of aprotic solvent was added to the reactor, along with a certain amount of inorganic fluoride catalyst. The reactor was then stirred at a set rate, and hexafluoropropylene gas was continuously and slowly introduced. The reaction was carried out under conditions where the pressure did not exceed 2 MPa and the temperature did not exceed 200°C. The reaction rate depended on the rate at which hexafluoropropylene was introduced. After a certain reaction time, the reaction was terminated. The reactor was then cooled and allowed to stand for 24 hours. The lower layer of product was separated and distilled to obtain the initial product.

[0038] Another Hastelloy high-pressure reactor with a stirrer was sealed and evacuated, and purged multiple times with high-purity nitrogen. Then, the liquid feed inlet was opened, and a certain amount of the aforementioned initial product was added into the reactor. Anhydrous hydrogen fluoride was then introduced through the gas feed inlet. In the presence of a catalyst, the reactor was heated to 30-160°C, the pressure was controlled at 0.1 MPa-5.0 MPa, and the stirring rate was 50-500 rpm. This was maintained for 2-12 hours, after which the reaction was terminated. The reactor was cooled to room temperature, and any unreacted gas was vented to the tail gas recovery system. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis yielded the target product C9F. 19 H.

[0039] The present invention also provides an inert fluoride C9F 20 Its isomers, stereoisomers, and tautomers can be used as thermally conductive and flame-retardant fluids. The isomers of the inert fluoride can be selected from:

[0040]

[0041] The inert fluoride C9F20 It can be prepared by the following methods:

[0042]

[0043] A high-pressure reactor was sealed under vacuum and purged with inert gas. A certain amount of aprotic solvent and an inorganic fluoride catalyst were added to the reactor and thoroughly mixed. Hexafluoropropylene gas was then continuously and slowly introduced, and the reaction was carried out at a pressure not exceeding 2 MPa and a temperature not exceeding 200°C. After a certain reaction time, the reaction was terminated. The reactor was then cooled and allowed to stand. The lower layer of product was separated and distilled to obtain the initial product.

[0044] Another high-pressure reactor was sealed, evacuated, and purged with an inert gas. A certain amount of the aforementioned initial product was added to the reactor, followed by the introduction of a nitrogen / fluorine mixture. The reactor was heated to 30-180°C, and the pressure was controlled at 0.2 MPa-5.0 MPa. After reacting for a certain time, the reaction was stopped, and the reactor was cooled to room temperature to obtain the target product C9F. 20 .

[0045] Furthermore, the following preparation method is preferred:

[0046] A stainless steel high-pressure reactor with stirring was sealed and evacuated, and then purged multiple times with high-purity nitrogen. The feed inlet was then opened, and a certain amount of aprotic solvent was added to the reactor, along with a certain amount of inorganic fluoride catalyst. The reactor was then stirred at a set rate, and hexafluoropropylene gas was continuously and slowly introduced. The reaction was carried out under conditions where the pressure did not exceed 2 MPa and the temperature did not exceed 200°C. The reaction rate depended on the rate of hexafluoropropylene introduction. After a certain reaction time, the reaction was stopped. The reactor was then cooled and allowed to stand for 24 hours. The lower layer of product was separated and distilled to obtain the primary product.

[0047] Another Hastelloy high-pressure reactor with a stirrer was sealed and evacuated, and purged multiple times with high-purity nitrogen. Then, the liquid feed inlet was opened, and a certain amount of the aforementioned initial product was added into the reactor. Subsequently, a nitrogen / fluorine mixture was introduced through the gas feed inlet, and the reactor was heated to 30-180°C, with the pressure controlled at 0.2 MPa-5.0 MPa and the stirring rate at 50-500 rpm. This was maintained for 8-12 hours, after which the reaction was terminated. The reactor was cooled to room temperature, and any unreacted gases were vented to the tail gas recovery system. The product was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to obtain the target product C9F. 20 .

[0048] The present invention also provides an inert fluoride C 12 F 25H and its isomers, stereoisomers, and tautomers can be used as thermally conductive and flame-retardant fluids. The isomers of the inert fluoride can be selected from:

[0049]

[0050] The inert fluoride C 12 F 25 H can be prepared by the following methods:

[0051]

[0052] A high-pressure reactor was sealed under vacuum and purged with an inert gas. A certain amount of aprotic solvent and an inorganic fluoride catalyst were added to the reactor and thoroughly mixed. Hexafluoropropylene gas was then continuously and slowly introduced, and the reaction was carried out under conditions where the pressure did not exceed 2 MPa and the temperature did not exceed 200°C. After a certain period of time, the reaction was stopped. The reactor was then cooled and allowed to stand. The lower product was transferred to another quartz glass / stainless steel reactor and reacted under low temperature (-20 to -100°C) and light irradiation (wavelength range of 200-800 nm) conditions. After a certain period of time, the reaction was stopped, and the initial product was obtained.

[0053] Another high-pressure reactor was sealed, evacuated, and purged with an inert gas. A certain amount of the aforementioned initial product was added to the reactor, followed by the introduction of hydrogen fluoride. In the presence of a catalyst, the reactor was heated to 30-200°C, with the pressure controlled at 0.1 MPa-5.0 MPa. After reacting for a certain time, the reaction was stopped, and the reactor was cooled to room temperature to obtain the target product C. 12 F 25 H.

[0054] Furthermore, the following preparation method is preferred:

[0055] A stainless steel high-pressure reactor with stirring was sealed and evacuated, with multiple purgings using high-purity nitrogen. A certain amount of aprotic solvent and an inorganic fluoride catalyst were added to the reactor. Stirring was then initiated, and hexafluoropropylene gas was continuously and slowly introduced. The reaction was carried out under controlled conditions: pressure not exceeding 2 MPa, a certain stirring rate, and temperature not exceeding 200°C. The reaction rate depended on the rate of hexafluoropropylene introduction. After a certain reaction time, the reaction was terminated. The reactor was then cooled and allowed to stand for 24 hours. The lower layer product was transferred to another quartz glass / stainless steel reactor and reacted under low temperature (-20 to -100°C) and light irradiation (wavelength range 200-800 nm) conditions. After approximately 10 hours, the reaction was stopped, yielding the initial product.

[0056] Another Hastelloy high-pressure reactor with a stirrer was sealed and evacuated, and purged multiple times with high-purity nitrogen. Then, the liquid feed inlet was opened, and a certain amount of the aforementioned initial product was added into the reactor. Anhydrous hydrogen fluoride was then introduced through the gas feed inlet. In the presence of a catalyst, the reactor was heated to 80-200°C, the pressure was controlled at 0.1 MPa-5.0 MPa, and the stirring rate was 50-500 rpm. This was maintained for 2-12 hours, after which the reaction was terminated. The reactor was cooled to room temperature, and any unreacted gas was vented to the tail gas recovery system. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis yielded the target product C. 12 F 25 H.

[0057] The present invention also provides an inert fluoride C 12 F 26 Its isomers, stereoisomers, and tautomers can be used as thermally conductive and flame-retardant fluids. The isomers of the inert fluoride can be selected from:

[0058]

[0059] The inert fluoride C 12 F 26 It can be prepared by the following methods:

[0060]

[0061] A high-pressure reactor was sealed under vacuum and purged with an inert gas. A certain amount of aprotic solvent and an inorganic fluoride catalyst were added to the reactor and thoroughly mixed. Hexafluoropropylene gas was then continuously and slowly introduced, and the reaction was carried out under conditions where the pressure did not exceed 2 MPa and the temperature did not exceed 200°C. After a certain period of time, the reaction was stopped. The reactor was then cooled and allowed to stand. The lower product was transferred to another quartz glass / stainless steel reactor and reacted under low temperature (-20 to -100°C) and light irradiation (wavelength range of 200-800 nm) conditions. After a certain period of time, the reaction was stopped, and the initial product was obtained.

[0062] Another high-pressure reactor was sealed, evacuated, and purged with an inert gas. A certain amount of the aforementioned initial product was added to the reactor, followed by the introduction of a nitrogen / fluorine mixture. The reactor was heated to 30-200°C, and the pressure was controlled at 0.2 MPa-5.0 MPa. After reacting for a certain time, the reaction was stopped, and the reactor was cooled to room temperature to obtain the target product C. 12 F 26 .

[0063] Furthermore, the following preparation method is preferred:

[0064] A stainless steel high-pressure reactor with stirring was sealed and evacuated, with multiple purgings using high-purity nitrogen. A certain amount of aprotic solvent and an inorganic fluoride catalyst were added to the reactor. The stirring was then turned on, and hexafluoropropylene gas was continuously and slowly introduced. The reaction was carried out under conditions where the pressure did not exceed 2 MPa, the stirring rate was constant, and the temperature did not exceed 200°C. The reaction rate depended on the rate of hexafluoropropylene introduction. After a certain reaction time, the reaction was stopped. The reactor was then cooled and allowed to stand for 24 hours. The lower layer product was transferred to another reactor and reacted under low temperature (-20 to -100°C) and light irradiation (wavelength range 200-800 nm). After approximately 10 hours, the reaction was stopped, yielding the initial product.

[0065] Another Hastelloy high-pressure reactor with a stirrer was sealed and evacuated, and purged multiple times with high-purity nitrogen. Then, the liquid feed inlet was opened, and a certain amount of the aforementioned initial product was added into the reactor. Subsequently, nitrogen-containing fluorine gas was introduced through the gas feed inlet, and the reactor was heated to 30-200°C, with the pressure controlled at 0.2 MPa-5.0 MPa. Once the reaction pressure no longer changed, this was maintained for 8-12 hours to terminate the reaction. The reactor was then cooled to room temperature, and any unreacted gases were vented to the tail gas recovery system. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis yielded the target product C. 12 F 26 .

[0066] The present invention provides a use of the aforementioned inert fluorinated fluid as a heat-conducting fluid or a flame-retardant fluid.

[0067] The present invention also provides an inert fluorinated fluid, wherein the inert fluorinated fluid is a mixture of one or more of the above-mentioned inert fluorides in any proportion.

[0068] The inert fluorinated fluid of the present invention may also contain other fluorinated components compatible with the inert fluoride, such as hexafluoropropylene polymer (C6F). 12 C9F 18 C 12 F 24 ), hydrofluoroethers (C4F7H3O, C5F7H5O).

[0069] The inert fluorinated fluid of this invention contains at least 50% by volume, 65% by volume, 70% by volume, 85% by volume, 85% by volume, 90% by volume, and 95% by volume of one or more inert fluorides of this invention. The higher the volume of the inert fluorinated fluid containing the saturated structure of this invention, the better its long-term stability.

[0070] The present invention also provides a thermally conductive assembly comprising: a device, a fluid circulation pump, a radiator or heater, and an inert fluoride or inert fluoride fluid as described in any of the preceding claims.

[0071] The present invention also provides a flame-retardant assembly, including a device and an inert fluoride or inert fluoride stream as described in any of the preceding claims.

[0072] Furthermore, the device is selected from lithium-ion energy storage batteries, lithium-ion power batteries, sodium-ion energy storage batteries, sodium-ion power batteries, electrochemical batteries, charging equipment, microprocessors, high-voltage equipment, communication base stations, data processors, semiconductor wafers for manufacturing semiconductor devices, power control semiconductors, power distribution switch gears, power transformers, circuit boards, multi-chip modules, packaged or unpackaged semiconductor devices, fuel cells, and lasers.

[0073] Furthermore, the device may directly contact the inert fluoride fluid or be directly immersed in the inert fluoride fluid. Direct contact is equivalent to conducting heat through the inert fluoride via the outer wall of the device; direct immersion is equivalent to completely submerging the device in the inert fluoride. Immersion requires higher insulation properties, i.e., dielectric strength, of the inert fluoride.

[0074] Furthermore, since at least 20% of the volume of the device is immersed in the inert fluorinated fluid, the inert fluorinated fluid can be used for thermal conduction of the device.

[0075] Furthermore, since at least 30% of the device's volume is immersed in the inert fluorinated fluid, the inert fluorinated fluid can be used for flame retardant fire extinguishing.

[0076] The heat-conducting fluid described in this invention possesses good flame retardancy, insulation, and thermal conductivity, and can be used in heat-conducting and flame-retardant assemblies containing equipment. This assembly comprises the equipment to be heat-conducted and auxiliary electronic components, a rigid enclosure, a radiator, a heater, a fluid circulation pump, and a heat-conducting fluid containing inert fluoride filled inside the enclosure, the radiator, and connecting pipes. This assembly effectively solves problems such as equipment heat dissipation, low-temperature start-up, chemical instability, and operational safety. The equipment can be selected from lithium-ion energy storage batteries, lithium-ion power batteries, sodium-ion energy storage batteries, sodium-ion power batteries, electrochemical batteries, charging equipment, microprocessors, high-voltage equipment, communication base stations, data processors, semiconductor wafers used to manufacture semiconductor devices, power control semiconductors, power distribution switch gears, power transformers, circuit boards, multi-chip modules, packaged or unpackaged semiconductor devices, fuel cells, and lasers.

[0077] The first problem solved by this invention is heat conduction in devices.

[0078] The equipment to be heat-conducted is in direct contact with the inert fluoride fluid, or it is immersed (preferably at least 20% by volume) in the inert fluoride. The equipment and other related components are placed together with the inert fluoride fluid in a sealed rigid enclosure, and the fluid is connected to a radiator through a guide pipe. When the equipment is operating, the heat generated can be directly carried to the radiator by the inert fluid, and then the cooled fluid is returned to the surrounding area by a fluid circulation pump, continuously removing the heat generated by the equipment. The inert fluoride fluid is circulated by the fluid circulation pump, and a radiator is installed outside the enclosure. The circulating inert fluoride fluid dissipates heat into the environment through the radiator. The fluid circulation pump is installed in the flow channel, with a flow rate of 2–1000 liters per minute, depending on the equipment power and heat conduction requirements. The radiator is either air-cooled or water-cooled, and is made of metal alloys and other materials with good thermal conductivity. The radiator can be of various shapes, and the temperature of the heat-conducting fluid in a natural or forced-flow radiator is 5–100℃, preferably 20–50℃. The enclosure can be of various shapes, such as spheres, tetrahedrons, hexahedrons, and cones, with different shapes chosen for different purposes. Common shapes include cuboids, cubes, and cylinders. In addition to normal current connection elements and handles, the enclosure has several inert fluoride fluid inlets and outlets. These inlets and outlets can be on the same side, opposite sides, or any face of the polyhedron, depending on specific requirements. The enclosure is a sealed body made of metal, plastic, and composite materials, capable of withstanding an internal pressure of 0.0–50 kg / m³. 2 (gauge pressure).

[0079] The second problem solved by the present invention is that the inert fluoride liquid can also be used for heating the equipment. An electric heating component is installed in the flow channel of the liquid inert fluoride. When the temperature is lower than the required operating temperature, the temperature of the equipment is raised to the normal operating temperature range of the equipment by heating the flowing inert fluoride liquid. For example, it can be used for low-temperature start-up of electrochemical batteries.

[0080] The third problem solved by this invention is preventing equipment explosions and ensuring equipment safety. The inert fluorinated fluid described in this invention has good flame retardant properties. The flame retardant effect is achieved simply by contact between the inert fluorinated fluid and the equipment, preferably at least 30% by volume. The flame retardant effect is best when the equipment is completely immersed in the inert fluorinated fluid. For example, when the equipment is used as a battery assembly, the inventors unexpectedly discovered that under the current limits of existing standards, overloading the battery during charging and discharging causes prolonged overload, leading to a short circuit. Without the inert fluorinated fluid described in this invention, combustion and fire would occur; however, with the inert fluorinated fluid described in this invention, no combustion occurred.

[0081] The fourth problem solved by this invention is the low lifespan and low safety of equipment caused by the unstable chemical properties of heat-conducting fluids in existing technologies. The inert fluoride protected by this invention, lacking unsaturated bonds, effectively prevents chemical instability. For example, C6F... 14 C6F 13 H, C9F 20 C9F 19 H, C 12 F 26 C 12 F 25 H does not produce hydrogen fluoride.

[0082] The fifth problem solved by this invention is that existing heat transfer fluids have low boiling points and are prone to evaporation during equipment use. The C described in this invention... 12 F 26 C 12 F 25 Inert fluorides of H have high boiling points, such as above 160°C. Compared to inert fluoride streams with lower boiling points, inert fluoride streams with higher boiling points are less prone to evaporation, thus placing less pressure on the sealed rigid enclosure outside the equipment and making them safer to use. Therefore, the high-boiling-point inert fluoride stream described in this invention is more suitable for equipment, solving the problem that existing products with low boiling points are unsuitable for high-power equipment.

[0083] In summary, because the inert fluorinated fluid of the present invention has good flame retardancy, insulation, and thermal conductivity, its use in equipment can produce the following excellent effects:

[0084] (1) The heat generated by the equipment can be transferred to the radiator in a timely manner and dissipated quickly.

[0085] (2) When the equipment needs to be heated quickly, it can be heated by an inert fluorinated stream to achieve rapid heating.

[0086] (3) Solve the problem of reduced equipment life caused by unstable fluid chemical properties in the existing technology and reduce safety hazards.

[0087] (4) In case of unexpected events such as leakage, short circuit, combustion, or explosion, the inert fluoride fluid can play a role in blocking, isolating and extinguishing fire.

[0088] (5) Compared with existing technologies that are used for higher boiling points, it can be applied to high-power battery packs.

[0089] (6) The preparation method according to the present invention has mild reaction conditions, can effectively avoid safety abnormalities, and the yield of inert fluoride is high, reaching more than 90%.

[0090] Therefore, by using the inert fluorinated fluid, its application method, and related equipment described in this invention, the problems of heat dissipation difficulties, low-temperature start-up, operational safety, and unstable chemical properties during equipment operation can be completely solved, as well as the problem of low boiling point of fluids in existing technologies. Detailed Implementation

[0091] The present invention is further illustrated below by way of embodiments. The scope of the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments, but is defined by the claims and specification of the present invention.

[0092] Example 1: High-efficiency heat dissipation and rapid start-up at low temperatures in electrochemical cells

[0093] Several independent electrochemical cells are connected in series (or parallel) to form a battery pack. Several battery packs are connected in parallel to form a large battery module. This module, along with other related auxiliary components, is placed in a sealed rigid enclosure. The battery pack and heating auxiliary components are partially or completely filled with an inert fluoride fluid. To ensure heat transfer, the inert fluoride fluid must at least contact the bottom of the battery pack. In this invention, 50% of the battery assembly's volume is immersed in the inert fluoride fluid. The sealed rigid enclosure has two guide pipes of a certain orifice size, corresponding to the fluid inlet and outlet, respectively, and is connected to an external heat sink via metal guide pipes. A fluid circulation pump is placed in the guide pipes to transport the inert fluoride fluid. During battery operation, specifically charging and discharging, the heat generated is carried by an inert fluoride fluid to a radiator. A fluid circulation pump then pumps the cooled fluid back into the battery housing, creating a well-ventilated inert fluoride fluid environment. This fluid continuously circulates the heat generated by the battery to the radiator, where it is then conducted to the environment, stabilizing the battery temperature at a suitable operating temperature of 20-40°C. This improves battery output efficiency and extends battery life. When the battery pack starts in a low-temperature environment, external heating elements directly heat the battery and the inert fluoride fluid, raising the battery's starting temperature from -20°C to the operating temperature of 20-40°C within 30 seconds, achieving rapid low-temperature start-up.

[0094] Example 2: High-efficiency heat dissipation and rapid low-temperature start-up of equipment

[0095] Several independent computer servers are connected in parallel to form a server module. This module, along with other related components, is placed in a sealed rigid enclosure. The server and its components are partially or completely surrounded by an inert fluoride fluid. To ensure effective heat transfer, the inert fluoride fluid must at least contact the bottom of the server; preferably, 90% of the volume of the server assembly is immersed in the inert fluoride fluid. The sealed rigid enclosure has two guide pipes of a specific orifice size, corresponding to the fluid inlet and outlet, respectively. These pipes are connected to an external heat sink via metal guide pipes. A fluid circulation pump is placed in the guide pipes to deliver the inert fluoride fluid. The heat generated by the server during operation is carried to the heat sink by the inert fluoride fluid, and then the fluid circulation pump returns the cooled fluid to the server module enclosure, creating a well-circulated inert fluoride fluid environment. This fluid continuously circulates and delivers the heat generated by the server to the heat sink, and then conducts heat to the environment through the heat sink, stabilizing the entire server temperature at a suitable operating temperature of 20-30°C, thus extending the server's lifespan. When the server starts up in a low-temperature environment, it directly heats the server and the inert fluoride fluid through heating auxiliary elements outside the server module, raising the server's startup temperature from -10°C to the operating temperature of 20°C within 20 seconds, thus achieving rapid server startup.

[0096] Example 3: Flame-retardant fire extinguishing

[0097] Several independent electrochemical cells are connected in series (or parallel) to form a battery pack. Several battery packs are connected in parallel to form a large battery module, which is placed in a sealed rigid enclosure along with other related auxiliary components. There are two scenarios: one where the battery pack and heating auxiliary components are partially or completely filled with an inert fluoride fluid. To ensure flame retardancy, the inert fluoride fluid must at least contact the bottom of the battery pack; in this invention, 80% of the battery assembly is immersed in the inert fluoride fluid. The other scenario where the battery pack and heating auxiliary components are completely unfilled with any amount of inert fluoride fluid. To evaluate the flame retardant effect of the inert fluid in this invention, under adequate protective measures, the two battery packs were subjected to overload charging and discharging, causing prolonged overload and short circuits. The results showed that the battery pack without any inert fluid was damaged and caught fire, which was subsequently extinguished manually. The battery pack filled with inert fluoride fluid only burned without catching fire.

[0098] Example 4: Comparison of the basic physical properties of various inert fluorides with commonly used heat transfer fluids

[0099] This embodiment uses conventional methods in the art to measure the boiling point / boiling range, pour point / freezing point, viscosity, specific heat capacity, and flammability of the various inert fluorides described in this invention and the commonly used heat-conducting liquid ethylene glycol, in order to compare and illustrate the properties of the various fluorides described in this invention. The specific measurement methods and results are as follows:

[0100] Boiling point / boiling range (°C): The boiling point / boiling range of inert fluorinated fluids shall be determined in accordance with GB / T 6536-2010. For specific test methods and procedures, please refer to the standard.

[0101] Pour point / freezing point (°C): The pour point / freezing point of the liquid is determined in accordance with ASTM D97 standard. The refrigeration equipment used adopts cascade refrigeration, and the lowest temperature can reach -120°C. For specific test methods and procedures, please refer to the standard.

[0102] Viscosity: Measured according to ASTM D445 standard. For specific test methods and procedures, please refer to the standard.

[0103] Flammability: The flammability of the fluid is determined in accordance with GB / T 16581-1996 standard. For specific test methods and procedures, please refer to the standard.

[0104] Table 1. Comparison of basic physical properties of various inert fluorides with commonly used heat transfer fluids.

[0105]

[0106] As can be seen from the data in Table 1, the C6F provided by this invention 13 H, C6F 14 C9F 19 H, C9F 20 C 12 F 25 H, C 12 F 26 Inert fluorides, such as fluorides, possess non-flammability, a large specific heat capacity, and a low flow viscosity, making them more suitable for liquid flow heat transfer and flame retardancy compared to traditional heat transfer fluids (ethylene glycol). The saturated fluoride C6F provided by this invention... 13 H, C6F 14 C9F 19 H, C9F 20 C 12 F 25 H, C 12 F 26 Performance comparison with unsaturated structure C6F 12 C9F 18 C 12 F 24 Its performance is relatively good, for example, the C9F. 19 H, C9F 20Its boiling point is higher than that of C9F. 18 It has a relatively high boiling point.

[0107] As can be seen from the data in Table 1, the C6F provided by this invention 13 H, C6F 14 C9F 19 H, C9F 20 C 12 F 26 C 12 F 25 Inert fluorides such as H have lower pour points (freezing points) compared to traditional heat-conducting fluids (ethylene glycol). C6F, in particular, has this characteristic. 13 H, C6F 14 Its low pour point (freezing point) makes it more suitable for heat transfer in the low-temperature range, while its low boiling point makes it easy to vaporize (phase transition), which can conduct more heat.

[0108] Example 5: Measurement of the dielectric strength of various inert fluorides

[0109] In this embodiment, the dielectric strength of the inert fluoride described in this invention was measured using a fully automatic insulating oil dielectric strength tester in accordance with the GB / T 507-2002 standard. For details of the specific measurement method and process, please refer to the national standard. For details of the specific measurement results, please refer to Table 2.

[0110] Table 2 Dielectric strength of various inert fluorides with ethylene glycol

[0111]

[0112] As can be seen from the measurement results in Table 2, the breakdown voltage and dielectric strength of the inert fluoride described in this invention are much greater than those of commonly used ethylene glycol heat-conducting fluids, indicating that it has excellent insulating properties and is particularly suitable for applications with high insulation requirements, such as heat dissipation in electronic equipment, transformers, and motors. Furthermore, compared to the unsaturated structure, the saturated structure fluoride provided in this invention also has a relatively higher breakdown voltage and dielectric strength.

[0113] Example 6: Testing the long-term stability of various inert fluorides

[0114] This embodiment tests the long-term stability of the inert fluoride described in this invention using the following method: The test liquid and water were mixed at a 1:1 volume ratio, sealed, and allowed to stand for 100 days. The pH change of the water was then measured; the initial pH of the water was 7.02. The concentration of fluoride ions in the water was measured using a fluoride ion selective electrode. The test results are as follows:

[0115] Table 3 Long-term stability of various inert fluorides

[0116]

[0117] Table 3 shows that, in the long-term stability test, C6F... 12 C9F 18 C 12 F 24 When C6F is present in water for a long period of time, it reacts to produce hydrogen fluoride, leading to an increase in fluoride ion content and changes in pH value in the water. This invention protects the C6F... 13 H, C6F 14 C9F 19 H, C9F 20 C 12 F 26 C 12 F 25 When H coexists with water for a long time, it does not react to produce hydrogen fluoride, the pH value of the solution does not change, and no free fluoride ions are detected in the water, indicating that it has better chemical stability and better long-term stability, making it particularly suitable for the long-term safe operation of equipment.

[0118] Therefore, the C6F described in this invention 13 H, C6F 14 C9F 19 H, C9F 20 C 12 F 26 C 12 F 25 Inert fluorides such as H and C6F 12 C9F 18 C 12 F 24 Similarly, it possesses good flame-retardant properties, a large specific heat capacity, and a low flow viscosity, making it more suitable for liquid flow heat transfer and flame retardancy compared to traditional heat transfer fluids (ethylene glycol). Compared to C6F... 12 C9F 18 C 12 F 24 The C6F described in this invention 13 H, C6F 14 C9F 19 H, C9F 20 C 12 F 26 C 12 F 25 Inert fluorides such as H have superior boiling points, flame retardancy, and dielectric strength, and exhibit significantly better long-term stability, making them particularly suitable for long-term thermal conductivity and flame retardancy in equipment. Among these, C... 12 F 26 C 12 F 25 H has a higher boiling point, making it more suitable for long-term heat conduction and flame retardancy in high-power equipment.

[0119] Example 7: Preparation methods of various inert fluorides

[0120] The inert fluorides described in this invention can be prepared by referring to the following methods:

[0121] 1. Preparation method of C6F14

[0122] Reaction process:

[0123]

[0124] A 5L sealed stainless steel high-pressure reactor with stirring was repeatedly evacuated and purged with nitrogen to ensure an oxygen content of less than 30 ppm and a water content of less than 50 ppm. Then, 500-1000 ml of aprotic solvent (N-methylpyrrolidone) was added to the reactor, followed by 50-200 g of anhydrous alkali metal fluoride (potassium fluoride) catalyst. The reactor was then stirred at a rate of 50-500 rpm, and hexafluoropropylene (Formula 1) gas was continuously and slowly introduced. The reaction pressure was controlled at 0.05 MPa-1.2 MPa, and the temperature at 90°C. The reaction rate depended on the rate of hexafluoropropylene introduction. After 2-12 hours, the reaction was terminated. The reactor was then cooled and allowed to stand for 24 hours. The lower layer of product was separated and distilled to obtain the final product. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis showed that Formulas 30, 31, and 32 were all present in the product, with a yield of over 95%.

[0125] A 10L Hastelloy high-pressure reactor with a stirrer was evacuated and subjected to multiple nitrogen purgings to ensure that the oxygen content inside the reactor was less than 10ppm and the water content was less than 30ppm. Then, the liquid feed inlet was opened, and 1000g of one or more substances were added to the reactor. Subsequently, a nitrogen / fluorine gas mixture containing 100-160g of fluorine gas was introduced through the gas feed inlet. The reactor was heated to 80-180℃, the pressure was controlled at 1.0Mpa-5.0Mpa, the stirring rate was 50-500 rpm, and the reaction was maintained for 8-12 hours. The reactor was then cooled to room temperature, and any unreacted gas was vented to the tail gas recovery system. The product was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and the product was found to exist in formula 33 with a yield of over 96%.

[0126] 2. Preparation method of C6F13H

[0127] Reaction process:

[0128]

[0129] A 5L sealed stainless steel high-pressure reactor with stirring was repeatedly evacuated and purged with nitrogen to ensure an oxygen content of less than 30 ppm and a water content of less than 50 ppm. Then, 500-1000 ml of aprotic solvent (N-methylpyrrolidone) was added to the reactor, followed by 50-200 g of anhydrous alkali metal fluoride (potassium fluoride) catalyst. The reactor was then stirred at a rate of 50-500 rpm, and hexafluoropropylene (Formula 1) gas was continuously and slowly introduced. The reaction pressure was controlled at 0.05 MPa-1.2 MPa, and the temperature at 90°C. The reaction rate depended on the rate of hexafluoropropylene introduction. After 2-12 hours, the reaction was terminated. The reactor was then cooled and allowed to stand for 24 hours. The lower layer of product was separated and distilled to obtain the final product. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis showed that Formulas 30, 31, and 32 were all present in the product, with a yield of over 95%.

[0130] A 10L Hastelloy high-pressure reactor with stirring is evacuated and purged with nitrogen multiple times to ensure that the oxygen content inside the reactor is less than 10ppm and the water content is less than 30ppm. Then, the liquid feed inlet is opened, and 1000g of one or more substances from formulas 30, 31, and 32 are added into the reactor. Subsequently, 70-120g of anhydrous hydrogen fluoride (HF) is introduced through the gas feed inlet. In the presence of 20-50g of BF3 catalyst, the reactor is heated to 60-120℃, the pressure is controlled at 0.5MPa-2.0MPa, and the stirring rate is 50-500 rpm. After maintaining this temperature for 5-10 hours, the reaction is stopped, and the reactor is cooled to room temperature. Unreacted gases are vented to the tail gas recovery system. The products are analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and are found to exist as one or more of formulas 34-37, with a yield of over 93%.

[0131] 3. Preparation method of C9F20

[0132] Reaction process:

[0133]

[0134] A 5L sealed stainless steel high-pressure reactor with stirring was repeatedly evacuated and purged with nitrogen to ensure that the oxygen and water content inside the reactor were less than 30 ppm. Then, the feed inlet was opened, and 500-1000 ml of aprotic solvent (dimethylacetamide) was poured into the reactor, along with 10-200 g of alkali metal fluoride catalyst (sodium fluoride). Hexafluoropropylene (Formula 1) gas was then continuously and slowly introduced, controlling the reaction pressure at 0.05 MPa-1.5 MPa, the stirring rate at 50-500 rpm, and the temperature at 80°C. The reaction rate depended on the rate of hexafluoropropylene introduction. After 2-10 hours, the reaction was terminated. The reactor was then cooled and allowed to stand for 24 hours. The lower layer of product was separated and distilled to obtain the final product. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis showed that Formulas 2, 3, 4, and 5 were all present in the product, with a yield exceeding 92%.

[0135] A 10L Hastelloy high-pressure reactor with a stirrer is evacuated and purged with nitrogen multiple times to ensure that the oxygen content inside the reactor is less than 10ppm and the water content is less than 30ppm. Then, the liquid feed inlet is opened, and 1000g of one or more mixtures of formulas 2-5 are added into the reactor. Then, a nitrogen / fluorine gas mixture containing 100-120g of fluorine is introduced through the gas feed inlet to heat the reactor to 80-150℃, control the pressure at 1.0Mpa-5.0Mpa, and maintain the stirring rate at 50-500 rpm for 8-10 hours. The reaction is then stopped, and the reactor is cooled to room temperature. Unreacted gases are vented to the tail gas recovery system. The product is analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and formulas 6 and 7 are present in the product, with a yield of over 95%.

[0136] 4. Preparation method of C9F19H

[0137] Reaction process:

[0138]

[0139] A 5L sealed stainless steel high-pressure reactor with stirring was repeatedly evacuated and purged with nitrogen to ensure that the oxygen and water content inside the reactor were less than 30 ppm. Then, the feed inlet was opened, and 500-1000 ml of aprotic solvent (dimethylacetamide) was poured into the reactor, along with 10-200 g of alkali metal fluoride catalyst (sodium fluoride). The reactor was then stirred, and hexafluoropropylene (Formula 1) gas was continuously and slowly introduced, controlling the reaction pressure at 0.05 MPa-1.5 MPa, the stirring rate at 50-500 rpm, and the reaction temperature at 80°C. The reaction rate depended on the rate of hexafluoropropylene introduction. After 2-10 hours, the reaction was terminated. The reactor was then cooled and allowed to stand for 24 hours. The lower layer of product was separated and distilled to obtain the final product. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis showed that Formulas 2, 3, 4, and 5 were all present in the product, with yields exceeding 92%.

[0140] A 10L Hastelloy high-pressure reactor with stirring was evacuated multiple times and purged with nitrogen to ensure that the oxygen content inside the reactor was less than 10ppm and the water content was less than 30ppm. Then, the liquid feed inlet was opened, and 1000g of one or more mixtures of formulas 2-5 were added into the reactor. Subsequently, 50-80g of anhydrous hydrogen fluoride (HF) and 10-40g of BF3 catalyst were introduced through the gas feed inlet. The reactor was heated to 50-120℃, the stirring rate was 50-500 rpm, and the pressure was controlled at 0.5MPa-3.0MPa. After reacting for about 2-6 hours, the reaction was stopped, and the reactor was cooled to room temperature. Unreacted gases were vented to the tail gas recovery system. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis showed that formulas 8-12 were present in the products, with a yield of over 96%.

[0141] 5. Preparation method of C12F26

[0142] reaction process

[0143]

[0144] A 2L sealed stainless steel high-pressure reactor with stirring was repeatedly evacuated and purged with nitrogen to ensure that the oxygen and water content inside the reactor were less than 30 ppm. Then, the feed inlet was opened, and 500 ml of aprotic solvent (dimethyl sulfoxide) was poured into the reactor, followed by 100 g of alkali metal fluoride (cesium fluoride) catalyst. The reactor was then stirred, and hexafluoropropylene (Formula 1) gas was continuously and slowly introduced. The reaction pressure was controlled at 0.5 MPa-2.0 MPa, the stirring speed at 50-500 rpm, and the reaction temperature at 75°C. The reaction rate depended on the rate of hexafluoropropylene introduction. The reaction was terminated after 2-10 hours. Then, the mixture was cooled and allowed to stand for 24 hours. The lower product was then transferred to another quartz glass / stainless steel reactor and reacted under low temperature (-20 to -50°C) and light conditions (wavelength range of 200-600 nm). After about 10 hours, the reaction was stopped, and the product was obtained. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis revealed a mixture of hexafluoropropylene tetramers (Formula 13-19) with a yield of over 90%.

[0145] A 10L Hastelloy high-pressure reactor with a stirrer is evacuated and purged multiple times with high-purity nitrogen to ensure that the oxygen content inside the reactor is less than 10ppm and the water content is less than 30ppm. Then, the liquid feed inlet is opened, and 1000g of one or more substances from formulas 13-19 mentioned above are added to the reactor. Subsequently, a nitrogen / fluorine gas mixture containing 70-90g of fluorine is introduced through the gas feed inlet. The reactor is heated to 80-150℃, the pressure is controlled at 1.0Mpa-5.0Mpa, and the stirring rate is 50-500 rpm. After reacting for about 2-10 hours, the reaction is stopped, and the reactor is cooled to room temperature. Unreacted gas is vented to the tail gas recovery system. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis shows that the product is formula 20, with a yield of over 95%.

[0146] 6. Preparation method of C12F25H

[0147] Reaction process:

[0148]

[0149] A 2L sealed stainless steel high-pressure reactor with stirring was repeatedly evacuated and purged with nitrogen to ensure that the oxygen and water content inside the reactor were less than 30 ppm. Then, the feed inlet was opened, and 500 ml of aprotic solvent (dimethyl sulfoxide) was poured into the reactor, along with 100 g of alkali metal fluoride (cesium fluoride) catalyst. The reactor was then sealed with stirring, and hexafluoropropylene (Formula 1) gas was continuously and slowly introduced. The reaction pressure was controlled at 0.5 MPa-2.0 MPa, the stirring speed at 50-500 rpm, and the reaction temperature at 75°C. The reaction rate depended on the rate of hexafluoropropylene introduction. After 3-6 hours, the reaction was terminated. The reactor was then cooled and allowed to stand for 24 hours. The lower layer of product was then expelled using high-pressure nitrogen, while the solvent inside the reactor was retained for future use. The lower product was transferred to another quartz glass / stainless steel double-layer reactor and reacted under low temperature (-20 to -50°C) and light irradiation (wavelength range of 200-600 nm). After about 10 hours, the reaction was stopped, and the product was obtained. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis showed that it existed as formula 13-19, with a yield of over 90%.

[0150] A 10L Hastelloy high-pressure reactor with stirring was evacuated multiple times and purged with nitrogen to ensure that the oxygen content inside the reactor was less than 10ppm and the water content was less than 30ppm. Then, the liquid feed inlet was opened, and 1000g of one or more substances from formulas 13-19 were added to the reactor. Subsequently, 40-80g of anhydrous hydrogen fluoride (HF) and 20-40g of BF3 catalyst were introduced through the gas feed inlet. The reactor was heated to 50-120℃, the pressure was controlled at 0.5MPa-2.0MPa, and the stirring rate was 100 rpm. After reacting for about 2-6 hours, the reaction was stopped, and the reactor was cooled to room temperature. Unreacted gases were vented to the tail gas recovery system. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis showed that the products existed in formulas 21-29, with a yield of over 95%.

Claims

1. A flame-retardant assembly, characterized in that, include: Equipment and inert fluorinated fluid; The inert fluorinated fluid contains at least one of the following inert fluorides: , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , The inert fluoride does not produce hydrogen fluoride when coexisting with water; at least 30% of the volume of the equipment is immersed in the inert fluoride stream. The equipment is selected from lithium-ion energy storage batteries, lithium-ion power batteries, sodium-ion energy storage batteries, sodium-ion power batteries, charging equipment, microprocessors, communication base stations, data processors, semiconductor wafers for manufacturing semiconductor devices, power control semiconductors, power distribution switch gears, power transformers, circuit boards, multi-chip modules, fuel cells, and lasers.

2. The flame-retardant assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that, The inert fluorinated stream also contains a hexafluoropropylene polymer C6F, which is compatible with the inert fluoride. 12 C9F 18 C 12 F 24 Or hydrofluoroether C4F7H3O, C5F7H5O.

3. The flame-retardant assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that, The inert fluoride is present in the inert fluoride stream in an amount of at least 50% by volume.

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