Reception configuration and associated power control parameters for radar signals on uplink resources

Abstract

In an aspect, a first base station (e.g., an Rx gNB) receives, from a radar controller, a configuration of UL T-F resources for the first base station to receive at least one radar signal from a second base station. The first base station further determines power control parameter(s) associated with the at least one radar signal, at least one UL transmission, or a combination thereof. The first base station performs action(s) based on the power control parameter(s) to mitigate an impact of the at least one radar signal on the at least one UL transmission, or an impact of the at least one UL transmission on the at least one radar signal, or a combination thereof. The first base station measures the at least one radar signal on the set of UL T-F resources according to the configuration.

Description

[0001] Cross-reference to related applications

[0002] This patent application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 63 / 089,721, filed October 9, 2020, entitled “RECEIVE CONFIGURATION FORRADAR SIGNAL ON UPLINK RESOURCES AND ASSOCIATED POWER CONTROL PARAMETER,” and U.S. Non-Provisional Application No. 17 / 408,959, filed August 23, 2021, entitled “RECEIVE CONFIGURATION FOR RADARSIGNAL ON UPLINK RESOURCES AND ASSOCIATED POWER CONTROL PARAMETER,” both of which have been assigned to the assignee of this application and are expressly incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.

[0003] Public background

[0004] 1. Public domain

[0005] The various aspects of this disclosure generally relate to wireless communication, and more particularly to the reception configuration of radar signals on uplink resources and associated power control parameters.

[0006] 2. Relevant Technical Descriptions

[0007] Wireless communication systems have undergone several generations of development, including first-generation analog radiotelephone service (1G), second-generation (2G) digital radiotelephone service (including transitional 2.5G and 2.75G networks), third-generation (3G) high-speed data radio service with Internet capabilities, and fourth-generation (4G) service (e.g., Long Term Evolution (LTE) or WiMax). Currently, many different types of wireless communication systems are in use, including cellular and Personal Communication Services (PCS) systems. Known examples of cellular systems include cellular analog Advanced Mobile Phone Systems (AMPS), and digital cellular systems based on Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA), Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA), Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA), Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM), etc.

[0008] The fifth-generation (5G) wireless standard (known as New Radio (NR)) demands higher data transmission speeds, a greater number of connections, better coverage, and other improvements. According to the Next Generation Mobile Networks Alliance (NGC), the 5G standard is designed to provide tens of megabits per second (Mbps) of data rate to each of tens of thousands of users, and 1 gigabits per second (Gbps) to dozens of employees on an office floor. It should support hundreds of thousands of simultaneous connections to support large-scale sensor deployments. Therefore, 5G mobile communication should have significantly improved spectral efficiency compared to the current 4G standard. Furthermore, signaling efficiency should be improved and latency significantly reduced compared to the current standard.

[0009] 5G enables the use of mmW RF signals for wireless communication between network nodes, such as base stations, user equipment (UEs), vehicles, factory automation machines, etc. However, mmW RF signals can also be used for other purposes. For example, mmW RF signals can be used in weapon systems (e.g., as short-range fire control radar in tanks and aircraft), security screening systems (e.g., in scanners that detect weapons and other dangerous items carried under clothing), and medicine (e.g., treating diseases by altering cell growth).

[0010] Overview

[0011] The following is a simplified overview relating to one or more aspects disclosed herein. Therefore, this overview should not be considered an exhaustive overview relating to all aspects of the conception, nor should it be considered to identify key or decisive elements relating to all aspects of the conception or to depict the scope associated with any particular aspect. Accordingly, the sole purpose of the following overview is to present, in a simplified form, certain concepts relating to one or more aspects of the mechanisms disclosed herein before the detailed description given below.

[0012] In one aspect, a method of operating a radar controller includes: determining a first configuration for an uplink (UL) time-frequency (TF) resource set for a first base station to receive at least one radar signal; determining at least one power control parameter associated with the at least one radar signal, at least one UL transmission that may interfere with the at least one radar signal, or a combination thereof; and transmitting to the first base station a first request for a measurement operation associated with the first configuration and the at least one power control parameter.

[0013] In some aspects, the method includes: determining a second configuration for a downlink (DL) TF resource set for transmitting the at least one radar signal to a second base station; and transmitting to the second base station a second request for a transmission operation associated with the second configuration to the second base station.

[0014] In some respects, the second configuration is configured on demand, non-periodicly, or semi-persistently.

[0015] In some aspects, the at least one power control parameter includes: the maximum interference on the UL TF resource set for the at least one UL transmission, the at least one radar signal, or a combination thereof; or the power level on the UL TF resource set for the at least one UL transmission, the at least one radar signal, or a combination thereof; or the relative power level on the UL TF resource set between the at least one radar signal and the at least one UL transmission; or instructions for silencing some or all UL transmissions on the ULT-F resource set in the time domain or TF domain; or a combination thereof.

[0016] In some respects, the first configuration is configured on demand, non-periodicly, or semi-persistently.

[0017] In some aspects, the method includes: receiving an interference measurement report from a first base station; and determining, based on the interference measurement report, whether to update a first configuration, the at least one power control parameter, or a combination thereof.

[0018] In some aspects, the interference measurement report includes: the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR), received signal strength indicator (RSSI), or reference signal received power (RSRP) of the at least one UL transmission on the UL TF resource set; or the difference in SINR, RSSI, or RSRP between a first subset of the UL TF resource set that includes the at least one radar signal and a second subset of the UL TF resource set that does not include the at least one radar signal; or a power clearance report indicating the available transmit power to be increased to the transmit power level of the at least one radar signal; or a recommendation for one or more different resources for the at least one radar signal; or a combination thereof.

[0019] In some respects, the one or more different resources include: time-domain resources, frequency-domain resources, beam resources, or combinations thereof.

[0020] In some respects, the interference measurement report is associated with the at least one radar signal, or the UL TF resource set, or a combination thereof, and is specific to a symbol set, frequency set, beam direction set, or a combination thereof.

[0021] In some respects, the interference measurement report is received in response to at least one triggering event.

[0022] In some aspects, the at least one triggering event includes: the first base station initially receiving the first request, or the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) measured on the UL TF resource set falling below the SINR threshold, or receiving an updated configuration for the updated UL TF resource set, or a combination thereof.

[0023] In some respects, the radar controller corresponds to an access network component, a core network component, a location management function (LMF) component, a component outside the service network associated with the first base station, or a combination thereof.

[0024] In some respects, the at least one power control parameter is configured to update at the first base station at at least one other power control power, independent of that determined by the radar controller.

[0025] In one aspect, a method of operating a first base station includes: receiving from a radar controller a configuration of an uplink (UL) time-frequency (TF) resource set for the first base station to receive at least one radar signal; determining at least one power control parameter associated with the at least one radar signal, at least one UL transmission, or a combination thereof; performing at least one action based on the at least one power control parameter to mitigate the effect of the at least one radar signal on the at least one UL transmission, or the effect of the at least one UL transmission on the at least one radar signal, or a combination thereof; and measuring the at least one radar signal on the UL TF resource set according to the configuration.

[0026] In some aspects, the determination includes receiving the at least one power control parameter from the radar controller, or the determination is independent of the radar controller in determining the at least one power control parameter.

[0027] In some aspects, the at least one action includes: silencing the at least one UL transmission or modifying the transmit power level of the at least one UL transmission, or transmitting a message to the radar controller requesting modification of the transmit power level of the at least one radar signal, or a combination thereof.

[0028] In some aspects, the at least one power control parameter includes: the maximum interference on the UL TF resource set for the at least one UL transmission, the at least one radar signal, or a combination thereof; or the power level on the UL TF resource set for the at least one UL transmission, the at least one radar signal, or a combination thereof; or the relative power level on the UL TF resource set between the at least one radar signal and the at least one UL transmission; or instructions for silencing some or all UL transmissions on the ULT-F resource set in the time domain or TF domain; or a combination thereof.

[0029] In some respects, this configuration is configured on demand, non-periodicly, or semi-persistently.

[0030] In some respects, the method includes transmitting interference measurement reports to the radar controller.

[0031] In some aspects, the method includes receiving updates from the radar controller regarding the configuration, the at least one power control parameter, or a combination thereof, in response to the interference measurement report.

[0032] In some aspects, the interference measurement report includes: the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR), received signal strength indicator (RSSI), or reference signal received power (RSRP) of at least one UL transmission on the UL TF resource set; or the difference in SINR, RSSI, or RSRP between a first subset of the UL TF resource set that includes the at least one radar signal and a second subset of the UL TF resource set that does not include the at least one radar signal; or a power clearance report indicating the available transmit power to be increased to the transmit power level of the at least one radar signal; or a recommendation for one or more different resources for the at least one radar signal; or a combination thereof.

[0033] In some respects, the one or more different resources include: time-domain resources, frequency-domain resources, beam resources, or combinations thereof.

[0034] In some respects, the interference measurement report is associated with the at least one radar signal, or the UL TF resource set, or a combination thereof, and is specific to a symbol set, frequency set, beam direction set, or a combination thereof.

[0035] In some respects, the interference measurement report is transmitted in response to at least one triggering event.

[0036] In some aspects, the at least one triggering event includes: the first base station initially receiving a request to measure the at least one radar signal, or receiving an updated configuration for an updated UL TF resource set, or the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) measured on the UL TF resource set falling below the SINR threshold, or a combination thereof.

[0037] In some respects, the radar controller corresponds to an access network component, a core network component, a location management function (LMF) component, a component outside the service network associated with the first base station, or a combination thereof.

[0038] In some respects, the at least one radar signal is received from a second base station.

[0039] In one aspect, a radar controller includes: a memory; at least one transceiver; and at least one processor communicatively coupled to the memory and the at least one transceiver, the at least one processor being configured to: determine a first configuration of an uplink (UL) time-frequency (TF) resource set for a first base station to receive at least one radar signal; determine at least one power control parameter associated with the at least one radar signal, at least one UL transmission that may interfere with the at least one radar signal, or a combination thereof; and transmit a first request to the first base station via the at least one transceiver for a measurement operation associated with the first configuration and the at least one power control parameter.

[0040] In some aspects, the at least one processor is further configured to: determine a second configuration of a downlink (DL) TF resource set for transmitting the at least one radar signal to the second base station; and transmit a second request to the second base station via the at least one transceiver for a transmission operation associated with the second configuration to the second base station.

[0041] In some respects, the second configuration is configured on demand, non-periodicly, or semi-persistently.

[0042] In some aspects, the at least one power control parameter includes: the maximum interference on the UL TF resource set for the at least one UL transmission, the at least one radar signal, or a combination thereof; or the power level on the UL TF resource set for the at least one UL transmission, the at least one radar signal, or a combination thereof; or the relative power level on the UL TF resource set between the at least one radar signal and the at least one UL transmission; or instructions for silencing some or all UL transmissions on the ULT-F resource set in the time domain or TF domain; or a combination thereof.

[0043] In some respects, the first configuration is configured on demand, non-periodicly, or semi-persistently.

[0044] In some aspects, the at least one processor is further configured to: receive an interference measurement report from the first base station via the at least one transceiver; and determine, based on the interference measurement report, whether to update the first configuration, the at least one power control parameter, or a combination thereof.

[0045] In some aspects, the interference measurement report includes: the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR), received signal strength indicator (RSSI), or reference signal received power (RSRP) of the at least one UL transmission on the UL TF resource set; or the difference in SINR, RSSI, or RSRP between a first subset of the UL TF resource set that includes the at least one radar signal and a second subset of the UL TF resource set that does not include the at least one radar signal; or a power clearance report indicating the available transmit power to be increased to the transmit power level of the at least one radar signal; or a recommendation for one or more different resources for the at least one radar signal; or a combination thereof.

[0046] In some respects, the one or more different resources include: time-domain resources, frequency-domain resources, beam resources, or combinations thereof.

[0047] In some respects, the interference measurement report is associated with the at least one radar signal, or the UL TF resource set, or a combination thereof, and is specific to a symbol set, frequency set, beam direction set, or a combination thereof.

[0048] In some respects, the interference measurement report is received in response to at least one triggering event.

[0049] In some aspects, the at least one triggering event includes: the first base station initially receiving the first request, or the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) measured on the UL TF resource set falling below the SINR threshold, or receiving an updated configuration for the updated UL TF resource set, or a combination thereof.

[0050] In some respects, the radar controller corresponds to an access network component, a core network component, a location management function (LMF) component, a component outside the service network associated with the first base station, or a combination thereof.

[0051] In some respects, the at least one power control parameter is configured to update at the first base station at at least one other power control power, independent of that determined by the radar controller.

[0052] In one aspect, a first base station includes: a memory; at least one transceiver; and at least one processor communicatively coupled to the memory and the at least one transceiver, the at least one processor being configured to: receive from a radar controller via the at least one transceiver a configuration of an uplink (UL) time-frequency (TF) resource set for the first base station to receive at least one radar signal; determine at least one power control parameter associated with the at least one radar signal, at least one UL transmission, or a combination thereof; perform at least one action based on the at least one power control parameter to mitigate the effect of the at least one radar signal on the at least one UL transmission, or the effect of the at least one UL transmission on the at least one radar signal, or a combination thereof; and measure the at least one radar signal on the UL TF resource set according to the configuration.

[0053] In some aspects, the determination includes receiving the at least one power control parameter from the radar controller, or the determination is independent of the radar controller in determining the at least one power control parameter.

[0054] In some aspects, the at least one action includes: silencing the at least one UL transmission or modifying the transmit power level of the at least one UL transmission, or transmitting a message requesting modification of the transmit power level of the at least one radar signal to the radar controller via the at least one transceiver, or a combination thereof.

[0055] In some aspects, the at least one power control parameter includes: the maximum interference on the UL TF resource set for the at least one UL transmission, the at least one radar signal, or a combination thereof; or the power level on the UL TF resource set for the at least one UL transmission, the at least one radar signal, or a combination thereof; or the relative power level on the UL TF resource set between the at least one radar signal and the at least one UL transmission; or instructions for silencing some or all UL transmissions on the ULT-F resource set in the time domain or TF domain; or a combination thereof.

[0056] In some respects, this configuration is configured on demand, non-periodicly, or semi-persistently.

[0057] In some respects, the at least one processor is further configured to transmit interference measurement reports to the radar controller via the at least one transceiver.

[0058] In some respects, the at least one processor is further configured to receive updates on the configuration, the at least one power control parameter, or a combination thereof from the radar controller via the at least one transceiver in response to the interference measurement report.

[0059] In some aspects, the interference measurement report includes: the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR), received signal strength indicator (RSSI), or reference signal received power (RSRP) of at least one UL transmission on the UL TF resource set; or the difference in SINR, RSSI, or RSRP between a first subset of the UL TF resource set that includes the at least one radar signal and a second subset of the UL TF resource set that does not include the at least one radar signal; or a power clearance report indicating the available transmit power to be increased to the transmit power level of the at least one radar signal; or a recommendation for one or more different resources for the at least one radar signal; or a combination thereof.

[0060] In some respects, the one or more different resources include: time-domain resources, frequency-domain resources, beam resources, or combinations thereof.

[0061] In some respects, the interference measurement report is associated with the at least one radar signal, or the UL TF resource set, or a combination thereof, and is specific to a symbol set, frequency set, beam direction set, or a combination thereof.

[0062] In some respects, the interference measurement report is transmitted in response to at least one triggering event.

[0063] In some aspects, the at least one triggering event includes: the first base station initially receiving a request to measure the at least one radar signal, or receiving an updated configuration for an updated UL TF resource set, or the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) measured on the UL TF resource set falling below the SINR threshold, or a combination thereof.

[0064] In some respects, the radar controller corresponds to an access network component, a core network component, a location management function (LMF) component, a component outside the service network associated with the first base station, or a combination thereof.

[0065] In some respects, the at least one radar signal is received from a second base station.

[0066] In one aspect, a radar controller includes: means for determining a first configuration of an uplink (UL) time-frequency (TF) resource set for a first base station to receive at least one radar signal; means for determining at least one power control parameter associated with the at least one radar signal, at least one UL transmission that may interfere with the at least one radar signal, or a combination thereof; and means for transmitting to the first base station a first request for a measurement operation associated with the first configuration and the at least one power control parameter.

[0067] In some aspects, the method includes: means for determining a second configuration of a downlink (DL) TF resource set for transmitting the at least one radar signal to a second base station; and means for transmitting to the second base station a second request for a transmission operation associated with the second configuration to the second base station.

[0068] In some respects, the second configuration is configured on demand, non-periodicly, or semi-persistently.

[0069] In some aspects, the at least one power control parameter includes: the maximum interference on the UL TF resource set for the at least one UL transmission, the at least one radar signal, or a combination thereof; or the power level on the UL TF resource set for the at least one UL transmission, the at least one radar signal, or a combination thereof; or the relative power level on the UL TF resource set between the at least one radar signal and the at least one UL transmission; or instructions for silencing some or all UL transmissions on the ULT-F resource set in the time domain or TF domain; or a combination thereof.

[0070] In some respects, the first configuration is configured on demand, non-periodicly, or semi-persistently.

[0071] In some aspects, the method includes: means for receiving an interference measurement report from a first base station; and means for determining, based on the interference measurement report, whether to update a first configuration, the at least one power control parameter, or a combination thereof.

[0072] In some aspects, the interference measurement report includes: the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR), received signal strength indicator (RSSI), or reference signal received power (RSRP) of at least one UL transmission on the UL TF resource set; or the difference in SINR, RSSI, or RSRP between a first subset of the UL TF resource set that includes the at least one radar signal and a second subset of the UL TF resource set that does not include the at least one radar signal; or a power clearance report indicating the available transmit power to be increased to the transmit power level of the at least one radar signal; or a recommendation for one or more different resources for the at least one radar signal; or a combination thereof.

[0073] In some respects, the one or more different resources include: time-domain resources, frequency-domain resources, beam resources, or combinations thereof.

[0074] In some respects, the interference measurement report is associated with the at least one radar signal, or the UL TF resource set, or a combination thereof, and is specific to a symbol set, frequency set, beam direction set, or a combination thereof.

[0075] In some respects, the interference measurement report is received in response to at least one triggering event.

[0076] In some aspects, the at least one triggering event includes: the first base station initially receiving the first request, or the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) measured on the UL TF resource set falling below the SINR threshold, or receiving an updated configuration for the updated UL TF resource set, or a combination thereof.

[0077] In some respects, the radar controller corresponds to an access network component, a core network component, a location management function (LMF) component, a component outside the service network associated with the first base station, or a combination thereof.

[0078] In some respects, the at least one power control parameter is configured to update at the first base station at at least one other power control power, independent of that determined by the radar controller.

[0079] In one aspect, a first base station includes: means for receiving from a radar controller a configuration of an uplink (UL) time-frequency (TF) resource set for the first base station to receive at least one radar signal; means for determining at least one power control parameter associated with the at least one radar signal, at least one UL transmission, or a combination thereof; means for performing at least one action based on the at least one power control parameter to mitigate the effect of the at least one radar signal on the at least one UL transmission, or the effect of the at least one UL transmission on the at least one radar signal, or a combination thereof; and means for measuring the at least one radar signal on the UL TF resource set according to the configuration.

[0080] In some aspects, the determination includes receiving the at least one power control parameter from the radar controller, or the determination is independent of the radar controller in determining the at least one power control parameter.

[0081] In some aspects, the at least one action includes: means for silencing the at least one UL transmission or modifying the transmit power level of the at least one UL transmission, or means for transmitting a message to the radar controller requesting modification of the transmit power level of the at least one radar signal, or a combination thereof.

[0082] In some aspects, the at least one power control parameter includes: the maximum interference on the UL TF resource set for the at least one UL transmission, the at least one radar signal, or a combination thereof; or the power level on the UL TF resource set for the at least one UL transmission, the at least one radar signal, or a combination thereof; or the relative power level on the UL TF resource set between the at least one radar signal and the at least one UL transmission; or instructions for silencing some or all UL transmissions on the ULT-F resource set in the time domain or TF domain; or a combination thereof.

[0083] In some respects, this configuration is configured on demand, non-periodicly, or semi-persistently.

[0084] In some aspects, the method includes: means for transmitting interference measurement reports to the radar controller.

[0085] In some aspects, the method includes: means for receiving updates from the radar controller regarding the configuration, the at least one power control parameter, or a combination thereof, in response to the interference measurement report.

[0086] In some aspects, the interference measurement report includes: the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR), received signal strength indicator (RSSI), or reference signal received power (RSRP) of at least one UL transmission on the UL TF resource set; or the difference in SINR, RSSI, or RSRP between a first subset of the UL TF resource set that includes the at least one radar signal and a second subset of the UL TF resource set that does not include the at least one radar signal; or a power clearance report indicating the available transmit power to be increased to the transmit power level of the at least one radar signal; or a recommendation for one or more different resources for the at least one radar signal; or a combination thereof.

[0087] In some respects, the one or more different resources include: time-domain resources, frequency-domain resources, beam resources, or combinations thereof.

[0088] In some respects, the interference measurement report is associated with the at least one radar signal, or the UL TF resource set, or a combination thereof, and is specific to a symbol set, frequency set, beam direction set, or a combination thereof.

[0089] In some respects, the interference measurement report is transmitted in response to at least one triggering event.

[0090] In some aspects, the at least one triggering event includes: the first base station initially receiving a request to measure the at least one radar signal, or receiving an updated configuration for an updated UL TF resource set, or the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) measured on the UL TF resource set falling below the SINR threshold, or a combination thereof.

[0091] In some respects, the radar controller corresponds to an access network component, a core network component, a location management function (LMF) component, a component outside the service network associated with the first base station, or a combination thereof.

[0092] In some respects, the at least one radar signal is received from a second base station.

[0093] In one aspect, a non-transient computer-readable medium storing computer-executable instructions that, when executed by a radar controller, cause the radar controller to: determine a first configuration for an uplink (UL) time-frequency (TF) resource set for receiving at least one radar signal from a first base station; determine at least one power control parameter associated with the at least one radar signal, at least one UL transmission that may interfere with the at least one radar signal, or a combination thereof; and transmit to the first base station a first request for a measurement operation associated with the first configuration and the at least one power control parameter.

[0094] In some respects, the instructions, when executed by the radar controller, further cause the radar controller to perform the following operations:

[0095] In some respects, the second configuration is configured on demand, non-periodicly, or semi-persistently.

[0096] In some aspects, the at least one power control parameter includes: the maximum interference on the UL TF resource set for the at least one UL transmission, the at least one radar signal, or a combination thereof; or the power level on the UL TF resource set for the at least one UL transmission, the at least one radar signal, or a combination thereof; or the relative power level on the UL TF resource set between the at least one radar signal and the at least one UL transmission; or instructions for silencing some or all UL transmissions on the ULT-F resource set in the time domain or TF domain; or a combination thereof.

[0097] In some respects, the first configuration is configured on demand, non-periodicly, or semi-persistently.

[0098] In some respects, the instructions, when executed by the radar controller, further cause the radar controller to perform the following operations:

[0099] In some aspects, the interference measurement report includes: the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR), received signal strength indicator (RSSI), or reference signal received power (RSRP) of at least one UL transmission on the UL TF resource set; or the difference in SINR, RSSI, or RSRP between a first subset of the UL TF resource set that includes the at least one radar signal and a second subset of the UL TF resource set that does not include the at least one radar signal; or a power clearance report indicating the available transmit power to be increased to the transmit power level of the at least one radar signal; or a recommendation for one or more different resources for the at least one radar signal; or a combination thereof.

[0100] In some respects, the one or more different resources include: time-domain resources, frequency-domain resources, beam resources, or combinations thereof.

[0101] In some respects, the interference measurement report is associated with the at least one radar signal, or the UL TF resource set, or a combination thereof, and is specific to a symbol set, frequency set, beam direction set, or a combination thereof.

[0102] In some respects, the interference measurement report is received in response to at least one triggering event.

[0103] In some aspects, the at least one triggering event includes: the first base station initially receiving the first request, or the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) measured on the UL TF resource set falling below the SINR threshold, or receiving an updated configuration for the updated UL TF resource set, or a combination thereof.

[0104] In some respects, the radar controller corresponds to an access network component, a core network component, a location management function (LMF) component, a component outside the service network associated with the first base station, or a combination thereof.

[0105] In some respects, the at least one power control parameter is configured to update at the first base station at at least one other power control power, independent of that determined by the radar controller.

[0106] In one aspect, a non-transient computer-readable medium storing computer-executable instructions that, when executed by a first base station, cause the first base station to: receive from a radar controller a configuration of an uplink (UL) time-frequency (TF) resource set for receiving at least one radar signal by the first base station; determine at least one power control parameter associated with the at least one radar signal, at least one UL transmission, or a combination thereof; perform at least one action based on the at least one power control parameter to mitigate the effect of the at least one radar signal on the at least one UL transmission, or the effect of the at least one UL transmission on the at least one radar signal, or a combination thereof; and measure the at least one radar signal on the UL TF resource set according to the configuration.

[0107] In some aspects, the determination includes receiving the at least one power control parameter from the radar controller, or the determination is independent of the radar controller in determining the at least one power control parameter.

[0108] In some aspects, the at least one action includes: silencing the at least one UL transmission or modifying the transmit power level of the at least one UL transmission, or transmitting a message to the radar controller requesting modification of the transmit power level of the at least one radar signal, or a combination thereof.

[0109] In some aspects, the at least one power control parameter includes: the maximum interference on the UL TF resource set for the at least one UL transmission, the at least one radar signal, or a combination thereof; or the power level on the UL TF resource set for the at least one UL transmission, the at least one radar signal, or a combination thereof; or the relative power level on the UL TF resource set between the at least one radar signal and the at least one UL transmission; or instructions for silencing some or all UL transmissions on the ULT-F resource set in the time domain or TF domain; or a combination thereof.

[0110] In some respects, this configuration is configured on demand, non-periodicly, or semi-persistently.

[0111] In some respects, the instructions, when executed by the first base station, further cause the first base station to perform the following operations:

[0112] In some respects, the instructions, when executed by the first base station, further cause the first base station to perform the following operations:

[0113] In some aspects, the interference measurement report includes: the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR), received signal strength indicator (RSSI), or reference signal received power (RSRP) of at least one UL transmission on the UL TF resource set; or the difference in SINR, RSSI, or RSRP between a first subset of the UL TF resource set that includes the at least one radar signal and a second subset of the UL TF resource set that does not include the at least one radar signal; or a power clearance report indicating the available transmit power to be increased to the transmit power level of the at least one radar signal; or a recommendation for one or more different resources for the at least one radar signal; or a combination thereof.

[0114] In some respects, the one or more different resources include: time-domain resources, frequency-domain resources, beam resources, or combinations thereof.

[0115] In some respects, the interference measurement report is associated with the at least one radar signal, or the UL TF resource set, or a combination thereof, and is specific to a symbol set, frequency set, beam direction set, or a combination thereof.

[0116] In some respects, the interference measurement report is transmitted in response to at least one triggering event.

[0117] In some aspects, the at least one triggering event includes: the first base station initially receiving a request to measure the at least one radar signal, or receiving an updated configuration for an updated UL TF resource set, or the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) measured on the UL TF resource set falling below the SINR threshold, or a combination thereof.

[0118] In some respects, the radar controller corresponds to an access network component, a core network component, a location management function (LMF) component, a component outside the service network associated with the first base station, or a combination thereof.

[0119] In some respects, the at least one radar signal is received from a second base station.

[0120] Other objectives and advantages associated with the aspects disclosed herein will be apparent to those skilled in the art based on the accompanying drawings and detailed description. Brief description of the attached diagram

[0122] The accompanying drawings are provided to help describe examples of one or more aspects of the disclosed subject matter, and these drawings are provided merely to illustrate the examples and not to limit the scope of the subject matter.

[0123] Figure 1 Example wireless communication systems based on various aspects of this disclosure are explained.

[0124] Figure 2A and 2B Example wireless network architectures based on various aspects of this disclosure are explained.

[0125] Figures 3A to 3C It is a simplified block diagram of several exemplary aspects of components that can be adopted in wireless communication nodes and configured to support communications as taught in this document.

[0126] Figure 4A and 4B This is a diagram illustrating examples of frame structures and channels within these frame structures according to various aspects of this disclosure.

[0127] Figure 5A An example monostatic radar system was explained.

[0128] Figure 5B An example bistatic radar system was explained.

[0129] Figure 5C This is an example graph showing the response of a radio frequency (RF) channel over time.

[0130] Figure 6 An example single-target beam management use case for bistatic RF sensing is explained.

[0131] Figure 7 An example multi-target beam management use case for bistatic RF sensing is explained.

[0132] Figure 8A The example scanning phase using dual-base radio frequency sensing was explained.

[0133] Figure 8B The example tracking phase using bistatic radio frequency sensing was explained.

[0134] Figure 9 This is a simplified diagram illustrating the basic operation of a bistatic radar system.

[0135] Figure 10 The implementation of a bistatic radar system in a wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is explained.

[0136] Figure 11 This is a block diagram of a wireless communication system that may include a radar controller, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0137] Figure 12 An example of a list of radar configuration parameters provided by a radar controller to a TX base station and an RX base station for use in a bistatic or multistatic radar measurement session, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, is shown.

[0138] Figure 13An example of a list of TX / RX timing sub-items according to various embodiments of the present disclosure is shown.

[0139] Figure 14 Examples of Doppler sublists according to various embodiments of this disclosure are shown.

[0140] Figure 15 The configuration of cellular reference signal resources for Doppler estimation according to one aspect of this disclosure is explained.

[0141] Figure 16 An interference scenario in a wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is explained.

[0142] Figure 17 An interference scenario in a wireless communication system according to another embodiment of the present disclosure is explained.

[0143] Figures 18A-18H The DL-PRS resource configuration according to various aspects of this disclosure is explained.

[0144] Figure 19 The distribution of PRS resources according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is explained.

[0145] Figure 20 The distribution of PRS resources according to another embodiment of this disclosure has been explained.

[0146] Figure 21 Exemplary communication processes based on various aspects of this disclosure are explained.

[0147] Figure 22 Exemplary processes for wireless communication according to various aspects of this disclosure are explained.

[0148] Figure 23 According to respectively Figure 21-22 The example implementation of the process illustrates the interference scenario in a wireless communication system.

[0149] Detailed description

[0150] Various aspects of this disclosure are provided below in the description and accompanying drawings of various examples provided for illustrative purposes. Alternative aspects may be designed without departing from the scope of this disclosure. Furthermore, elements well-known in this disclosure will not be described in detail or will be omitted so as not to obscure the relevant details of this disclosure.

[0151] The terms “exemplary” and / or “example” are used herein to mean “serving as an example, instance, or illustration.” Any aspect described herein as “exemplary” and / or “example” is not necessarily to be construed as superior to or better than the others. Similarly, the term “aspects of this disclosure” does not require that all aspects of this disclosure include the features, advantages, or modes of operation discussed.

[0152] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the information and signals described below can be represented using any of a variety of different techniques and arts. For example, the data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, and chips that may be referred to throughout the following description may be represented by voltage, current, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or magnetic particles, optical fields or optical particles, or any combination thereof, depending in part on the specific application, in part on the desired design, in part on the corresponding technology, etc.

[0153] Furthermore, many aspects are described in the form of sequences of actions performed by elements of, for example, computing devices. It will be appreciated that the various actions described herein can be performed by special-purpose circuitry (e.g., application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs)), by program instructions being executed by one or more processors, or by a combination of both. Additionally, the sequences of actions described herein can be considered to be fully embodied in any form of non-transient computer-readable storage medium storing a corresponding set of computer instructions that, upon execution, will cause an associated processor of the device to perform the functions described herein. Thus, various aspects of this disclosure can be embodied in several different forms, all of which are contemplated to fall within the scope of the claimed subject matter. Furthermore, for each aspect described herein, a corresponding form of any such aspect may be described herein as, for example, "logic configured to perform the described actions."

[0154] As used herein, the terms “User Equipment” (UE) and “Base Station” (BS) are not intended to be specific to or otherwise limited to any particular Radio Access Technology (RAT) unless otherwise stated. Generally, a UE can be any wireless communication device used by a user to communicate over a wireless communication network (e.g., mobile phone, router, tablet computer, laptop computer, tracking device, wearable device (e.g., smartwatch, glasses, augmented reality (AR) / virtual reality (VR) headset, etc.), vehicle (e.g., car, motorcycle, bicycle, etc.), Internet of Things (IoT) device, etc.). A UE can be mobile or can (e.g., at certain times) be stationary and can communicate with a Radio Access Network (RAN). As used herein, the term “UE” can be interchangeably referred to as “Access Terminal” or “AT”, “Client Equipment”, “Wireless Equipment”, “Subscriber Equipment”, “Subscriber Terminal”, “Subscriber Station”, “User Terminal” or “UT”, “Mobile Equipment”, “Mobile Terminal”, “Mobile Station”, or variations thereof. Generally, a UE can communicate with the core network via the RAN, and through the core network, the UE can connect to external networks (such as the Internet) and other UEs. Of course, other mechanisms for connecting to the core network and / or the Internet are also possible for the UE, such as through a wired access network, a wireless local area network (WLAN) (e.g., based on IEEE 802.11, etc.).

[0155] A base station may operate according to one of several RATs to communicate with a UE, depending on the network in which it is deployed, and may be alternatively referred to as an Access Point (AP), Network Node, B-Node, Evolved B-Node (eNB), Next Generation eNB (ng-eNB), New Radio (NR) B-Node (also referred to as gNB or gNodeB), etc. A base station may primarily be used to support radio access by the UE, including supporting data, voice, and / or signaling connections with the supported UE. In some systems, the base station may provide purely edge node signaling functions, while in others, it may provide additional control and / or network management functions. The communication link through which the UE can signal to the base station is called an uplink (UL) channel (e.g., reverse traffic channel, reverse control channel, access channel, etc.). The communication link through which the base station can signal to the UE is called a downlink (DL) or forward link channel (e.g., paging channel, control channel, broadcast channel, forward traffic channel, etc.). As used herein, the term traffic channel (TCH) may refer to an uplink / reverse traffic channel or a downlink / forward traffic channel.

[0156] The term "base station" can refer to a single physical transmit / receive point (TRP) or multiple physical TRPs that may or may not be co-located. For example, when the term "base station" refers to a single physical TRP, the physical TRP may be a base station antenna corresponding to a cell (or several cell sectors) of the base station. When the term "base station" refers to multiple co-located physical TRPs, the physical TRP may be an antenna array of the base station (e.g., in a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system or in the case of beamforming at the base station). When the term "base station" refers to multiple non-co-located physical TRPs, the physical TRP may be a distributed antenna system (DAS) (a network of spatially separated antennas connected to a common source via a transmission medium) or a remote radio headend (RRH) (a remote base station connected to a serving base station). Alternatively, non-co-located physical TRPs may be the serving base station from which the UE receives measurement reports and neighboring base stations where the UE is measuring its reference RF signal (or simply "reference signal"). Since a TRP is the point from which a base station transmits and receives wireless signals, as used herein, references to transmissions from or receptions at a base station should be understood as references to the specific TRP of that base station.

[0157] In some implementations that support UE positioning, the base station may not support the UE's radio access (e.g., it may not support data, voice, and / or signaling connections regarding the UE), but may alternatively transmit reference signals to the UE for measurement, and / or receive and measure signals transmitted by the UE. Such a base station may be referred to as a positioning tower (e.g., in the case of transmitting signals to the UE) and / or as a location measurement unit (e.g., in the case of receiving and measuring signals from the UE).

[0158] An “RF signal” refers to an electromagnetic wave of a given frequency that transmits information across the space between a transmitter and a receiver. As used herein, a transmitter may transmit a single “RF signal” or multiple “RF signals” to a receiver. However, due to the propagation characteristics of individual RF signals through a multipath channel, a receiver may receive multiple “RF signals” corresponding to each transmitted RF signal. The same RF signal transmitted on different paths between the transmitter and receiver may be referred to as a “multipath” RF signal. As used herein, an RF signal may also be referred to as a “wireless signal” or simply a “signal,” where the context clearly indicates that the term “signal” refers to a wireless signal or an RF signal.

[0159] Reference Figure 1An example wireless communication network 100 is illustrated. The wireless communication system 100 (also referred to as a wireless wide area network (WWAN)) may include individual base stations 102 and individual UEs 104. Base station 102 may include macrocell base stations (high-power cellular base stations) and / or small cell base stations (low-power cellular base stations). In one aspect, macrocell base stations may include eNBs and / or ng-eNBs (where wireless communication system 100 corresponds to an LTE network), or gNBs (where wireless communication system 100 corresponds to an NR network), or a combination of both, and small cell base stations may include femtocells, picocells, microcells, etc.

[0160] Each base station 102 can collectively form a RAN and interface with a core network 170 (e.g., an evolved packet core (EPC) or a 5G core (5GC)) via a backhaul link 122, and connect to one or more location servers 172 (which may be part of the core network 170 or external to it) via the core network 170. Among other functions, base stations 102 can also perform functions related to one or more of the following: transmitting user data, radio channel cryptography and decoding, integrity protection, header compression, mobility control functions (e.g., handover, dual connectivity), inter-cell interference coordination, connection establishment and release, load balancing, distribution of non-access stratum (NAS) messages, NAS node selection, synchronization, RAN sharing, multimedia broadcast multicast service (MBMS), subscriber and equipment tracking, RAN information management (RIM), paging, location, and delivery of alarm messages. Base stations 102 can communicate with each other directly or indirectly (e.g., via EPC / 5GC) via a backhaul link 134 (which may be wired or wireless).

[0161] Base station 102 can wirelessly communicate with UE 104. Each base station 102 can provide communication coverage for its respective geographical coverage area 110. In one aspect, one or more cells can be supported by base station 102 in each geographical coverage area 110. A “cell” is a logical communication entity used to communicate with a base station (e.g., on a frequency resource, referred to as a carrier frequency, component carrier, carrier, frequency band, etc.) and can be associated with an identifier (e.g., Physical Cell Identifier (PCI), Virtual Cell Identifier (VCI), Cell Global Identifier (CGI)) to distinguish cells operating via the same or different carrier frequencies. In some cases, different cells can be configured according to different protocol types that can provide access to different types of UEs (e.g., Machine Type Communication (MTC), Narrowband IoT (NB-IoT), Enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB), or others). Since cells are supported by specific base stations, the term “cell” can refer to either or both of the logical communication entity and the base station supporting that logical communication entity, depending on the context. Additionally, since the TRP is typically the physical transmission point of a cell, the terms "cell" and "TRP" are used interchangeably. In some cases, the term "cell" can also refer to the geographical coverage area (e.g., sector) of a base station, in the sense that the carrier frequency can be detected and used for communication within a portion of a geographical coverage area 110.

[0162] While the geographic coverage areas 110 of adjacent macrocell base stations 102 may partially overlap (e.g., in handover areas), some geographic coverage areas 110 may substantially overlap with larger geographic coverage areas 110. For example, a small cell base station 102' may have geographic coverage areas 110' that substantially overlap with the geographic coverage areas 110 of one or more macrocell base stations 102. A network that includes both small cell and macrocell base stations may be referred to as a heterogeneous network. A heterogeneous network may also include home eNBs (HeNBs) that can provide service to a restricted group known as a Closed Subscriber Group (CSG).

[0163] The communication link 120 between base station 102 and UE 104 may include uplink (also known as reverse link) transmission from UE 104 to base station 102 and / or downlink (also known as forward link) transmission from base station 102 to UE 104. The communication link 120 may use MIMO antenna technologies, including spatial multiplexing, beamforming, and / or transmit diversity. The communication link 120 may use one or more carrier frequencies. Carrier allocation may be asymmetric with respect to the downlink and uplink (e.g., more or fewer carriers may be allocated to the downlink compared to the uplink).

[0164] The wireless communication system 100 may further include a wireless local area network (WLAN) access point (AP) 150 communicating with a WLAN station (STA) 152 via a communication link 154 in unlicensed spectrum (e.g., 5 GHz). When communicating in unlicensed spectrum, the WLAN STA 152 and / or WLAN AP 150 may perform a clear channel assessment (CCA) or listen-before-speak (LBT) procedure to determine channel availability before communication.

[0165] Small cell base station 102' can operate in licensed and / or unlicensed spectrum. When operating in unlicensed spectrum, small cell base station 102' can employ LTE or NR technology and use the same 5 GHz unlicensed spectrum as used by WLAN AP150. Small cell base station 102' employing LTE / 5G in unlicensed spectrum can enhance access network coverage and / or increase access network capacity. NR in unlicensed spectrum may be referred to as NR-U. LTE in unlicensed spectrum may be referred to as LTE-U, Licensed Assisted Access (LAA), or MulteFire.

[0166] The wireless communication system 100 may further include a millimeter-wave (mmW) base station 180, which may operate in mmW and / or near-mmW frequencies to communicate with the UE 182. Extremely high frequency (EHF) is a portion of the electromagnetic spectrum that contains radio frequency (RF). EHF has a range of 30 GHz to 300 GHz and wavelengths between 1 mm and 10 mm. Radio waves in this band are referred to as millimeter waves. Near-mmW extends down to a 3 GHz frequency with a 100 mm wavelength. Ultra-high frequency (SHF) bands extend between 3 GHz and 30 GHz, and are also referred to as centimeter waves. Communication using mmW / near-mmW RF bands has high path loss and relatively short range. The mmW base station 180 and the UE 182 may utilize beamforming (transmit and / or receive) on the mmW communication link 184 to compensate for the extremely high path loss and short range. Furthermore, it will be appreciated that in alternative configurations, one or more base stations 102 may also use mmW or near-mmW and beamforming for transmission. Accordingly, it will be understood that the foregoing explanations are merely illustrative and should not be construed as limiting the aspects disclosed herein.

[0167] Transmit beamforming is a technique for focusing RF signals in a specific direction. Traditionally, when a network node (e.g., a base station) broadcasts an RF signal, it broadcasts the signal in all directions (omnidirectionally). Using transmit beamforming, the network node determines where a given target device (e.g., a UE) is located (relative to the transmitting network node) and projects a stronger downlink RF signal in that specific direction, thus providing the receiving device with a faster (in terms of data rate) and stronger RF signal. To change the directivity of the RF signal during transmission, the network node can control the phase and relative amplitude of the RF signal at each of one or more transmitters broadcasting the RF signal. For example, the network node can use an antenna array (referred to as a "phased array" or "antenna array") that generates a beam of RF waves, which can be "guided" to different directions without actually moving the antennas. Specifically, RF currents from the transmitters are fed to the individual antennas with the correct phase relationship so that radio waves from the separate antennas add together in the desired direction to increase radiation, while canceling each other out in the undesired direction to suppress radiation.

[0168] Transmit beams can be quasi-co-located, meaning they appear to the receiver (e.g., the UE) with identical parameters, regardless of whether the transmit antennas of network nodes are physically co-located themselves. In NR, there are four types of quasi-co-location (QCL) relationships. Specifically, a given type of QCL relationship means that certain parameters of the second reference RF signal on the second beam can be derived from information about the source reference RF signal on the source beam. Therefore, if the source reference RF signal is QCL type A, the receiver can use the source reference RF signal to estimate the Doppler shift, Doppler spread, average delay, and delay spread of the second reference RF signal transmitted on the same channel. If the source reference RF signal is QCL type B, the receiver can use the source reference RF signal to estimate the Doppler shift and Doppler spread of the second reference RF signal transmitted on the same channel. If the source reference RF signal is QCL type C, the receiver can use the source reference RF signal to estimate the Doppler shift and average delay of the second reference RF signal transmitted on the same channel. If the source reference RF signal is of type QCL D, the receiver can use the source reference RF signal to estimate the spatial reception parameters of the second reference RF signal transmitted on the same channel.

[0169] In receive beamforming, a receiver uses a receive beam to amplify the RF signal detected on a given channel. For example, a receiver may increase the gain setting of the antenna array and / or adjust the phase setting of the antenna array in a specific direction to amplify the RF signal received from that direction (e.g., increase its gain level). Thus, when a receiver is referred to as beamforming in a certain direction, it means that the beam gain in that direction is higher than the beam gain along other directions, or that the beam gain in that direction is the highest compared to the beam gain of all other receive beams available to the receiver in that direction. This results in a stronger received signal strength (e.g., Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP), Reference Signal Received Quality (RSRQ), Signal-to-Interference Plus-Noise Ratio (SINR), etc.) of the RF signal received from that direction.

[0170] The receive beam can be spatially dependent. Spatial dependency means that the parameters of the transmit beam used for the second reference signal can be derived from information about the receive beam of the first reference signal. For example, the UE can use a specific receive beam to receive one or more reference downlink reference signals (e.g., Position Reference Signal (PRS), Tracking Reference Signal (TRS), Phase Tracking Reference Signal (PTRS), Cell-Specific Reference Signal (CRS), Channel State Information Reference Signal (CSI-RS), Primary Synchronization Signal (PSS), Secondary Synchronization Signal (SSS), Synchronization Block (SSB), etc.) from the base station. The UE can then form a transmit beam based on the parameters of the receive beam to transmit one or more uplink reference signals (e.g., Uplink Position Reference Signal (UL-PRS), Probe Reference Signal (SRS), Demodulation Reference Signal (DMRS), PTRS, etc.) to the base station.

[0171] Note that, depending on the entity forming the "downlink" beam, the beam can be either a transmit beam or a receive beam. For example, if a base station is forming a downlink beam to transmit a reference signal to a UE, then the downlink beam is a transmit beam. However, if a UE is forming a downlink beam, then the downlink beam is a receive beam for receiving downlink reference signals. Similarly, depending on the entity forming the "uplink" beam, the beam can be either a transmit beam or a receive beam. For example, if a base station is forming an uplink beam, then the uplink beam is an uplink receive beam, while if a UE is forming an uplink beam, then the uplink beam is an uplink transmit beam.

[0172] In 5G, the spectrum in which radio nodes (e.g., base stations 102 / 180, UE 104 / 182) operate is divided into multiple frequency ranges: FR1 (from 450 to 6000 MHz), FR2 (from 24250 to 52600 MHz), FR3 (above 52600 MHz), and FR4 (between FR1 and FR2). In multi-carrier systems (such as 5G), one of the carrier frequencies is referred to as the “primary carrier” or “anchor carrier” or “primary serving cell” or “PCell,” and the remaining carrier frequencies are referred to as “secondary carriers” or “secondary serving cells” or “SCell.” In carrier aggregation, the anchor carrier is the carrier operating on the primary frequency (e.g., FR1) utilized by UE 104 / 182 and on the cell in which UE 104 / 182 performs an initial radio resource control (RRC) connection establishment procedure or initiates an RRC connection re-establishment procedure. The primary carrier carries all shared control channels as well as UE-specific control channels, and can be a carrier on a licensed frequency (however, this is not always the case). The secondary carrier is a carrier operating on a second frequency (e.g., FR2), which can be configured once an RRC connection is established between UE 104 and the anchor carrier, and can be used to provide additional radio resources. In some cases, the secondary carrier can be a carrier on an unlicensed frequency. The secondary carrier may contain only the necessary signaling information and signals; for example, UE-specific signaling information and signals may not be present on the secondary carrier, since both the primary uplink and downlink carriers are typically UE-specific. This means that different UEs 104 / 182 in a cell can have different downlink primary carriers. The same applies to the uplink primary carrier. The network can change the primary carrier of any UE 104 / 182 at any time. For example, this is done to balance the load on different carriers. Since a “serving cell” (whether PCell or SCell) corresponds to the carrier frequency / component carrier that a base station is using for communication, the terms “cell,” “serving cell,” “component carrier,” “carrier frequency,” etc., can be used interchangeably.

[0173] For example, still refer to Figure 1 One of the frequencies utilized by the macrocell base station 102 can be an anchor carrier (or "PCell"), and other frequencies utilized by the macrocell base station 102 and / or mmW base station 180 can be secondary carriers ("SCell"). Simultaneous transmission and / or reception on multiple carriers allows the UE 104 / 182 to significantly increase its data transmission and / or reception rates. For example, two 20MHz aggregated carriers in a multi-carrier system would theoretically result in twice the data rate (i.e., 40MHz) compared to the data rate obtained from a single 20MHz carrier.

[0174] The wireless communication system 100 may further include a UE 164, which can communicate with the macrocell base station 102 on the communication link 120 and / or with the mmW base station 180 on the mmW communication link 184. For example, the macrocell base station 102 may support PCell and one or more SCells for the UE 164, and the mmW base station 180 may support one or more SCells for the UE 164.

[0175] The wireless communication system 100 may further include one or more UEs (such as UE 190) that are indirectly connected to one or more communication networks via one or more device-to-device (D2D) peer-to-peer (P2P) links (referred to as “side links”). Figure 1 In one example, UE 190 has a D2D P2P link 192 with a UE 104 connected to a base station 102 (e.g., UE 190 can indirectly obtain cellular connectivity from this link), and a D2D P2P link 194 with a WLANSTA 152 connected to a WLAN AP 150 (UE 190 can indirectly obtain WLAN-based Internet connectivity from this link). In one example, D2D P2P links 192 and 194 can use any known D2D RAT (such as LTE Direct (LTE-D), WiFi Direct (WiFi-D), Bluetooth). (etc.) to support.

[0176] Reference Figure 2A An example wireless network architecture 200 is illustrated. For example, the 5GC 210 (also referred to as the Next Generation Core (NGC)) can be functionally considered as control plane functions 214 (e.g., UE registration, authentication, network access, gateway selection, etc.) and user plane functions 212 (e.g., UE gateway functions, access to data networks, IP routing, etc.), which operate collaboratively to form the core network. The user plane interface (NG-U) 213 and the control plane interface (NG-C) 215 connect the gNB 222 to the 5GC 210, specifically to the control plane functions 214 and user plane functions 212. In an additional configuration, the ng-eNB 224 can also connect to the 5GC 210 via the NG-C 215 to the control plane function 214 and the NG-U 213 to the user plane function 212. Furthermore, the ng-eNB 224 can communicate directly with the gNB 222 via a backhaul connection 223. In some configurations, the new RAN 220 may have only one or more gNB 222s, while other configurations include both one or more ng-eNB 224s and one or more gNB 222s. The gNB 222 or ng-eNB 224 can be used with UE 204 (e.g., Figure 1The UE 204 can communicate with any UE depicted herein. Another optional aspect may include a location server 230, which may communicate with the 5GC 210 to provide location assistance to the UE 204. The location server 230 may be implemented as multiple separate servers (e.g., physically separate servers, different software modules on a single server, different software modules extending across multiple physical servers, etc.), or alternatively, each may correspond to a single server. The location server 230 may be configured to support one or more location services for the UE 204, which can connect to the location server 230 via the core network, the 5GC 210, and / or via the Internet (not described). Furthermore, the location server 230 may be integrated into a component of the core network, or alternatively, may be external to the core network.

[0177] Reference Figure 2B Another example wireless network architecture 250 is shown. For example, 5GC 260 can be functionally considered as a control plane function (provided by Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) 264) and a user plane function (provided by User Plane Function (UPF) 262), which operate cooperatively to form the core network (i.e., 5GC 260). User plane interface 263 and control plane interface 265 connect ng-eNB 224 to 5GC 260, specifically to UPF 262 and AMF 264, respectively. In an additional configuration, gNB 222 can also connect to 5GC 260 via control plane interface 265 to AMF 264 and user plane interface 263 to UPF 262. Furthermore, ng-eNB 224 can communicate directly with gNB 222 via backhaul connection 223, with or without gNB direct connectivity to 5GC 260. In some configurations, the new RAN 220 may have only one or more gNB 222s, while other configurations include both one or more ng-eNB 224s and one or more gNB 222s. The gNB 222 or ng-eNB 224 can be used with UE 204 (e.g., Figure 1 The base station of the new RAN 220 communicates with the AMF 264 via the N2 interface and with the UPF 262 via the N3 interface.

[0178] The functions of AMF 264 include registration management, connection management, reachability management, mobility management, lawful interception, transmission of Session Management (SM) messages between UE 204 and Session Management Function (SMF) 266, transparent proxy service for routing SM messages, access authentication and access authorization, transmission of Short Message Service (SMS) messages between UE 204 and Short Message Service Function (SMSF) (not shown), and Security Anchor Functionality (SEAF). AMF 264 also interacts with Authentication Server Function (AUSF) (not shown) and UE 204, and receives an intermediate key established as a result of the UE 204 authentication process. In the case of authentication based on the UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System) Subscriber Identity Module (USIM), AMF 264 retrieves security material from the AUSSF. The functions of AMF 264 also include Security Context Management (SCM). The SCM receives a key from the SEAF, which is used by the SCM to derive a key that varies depending on the access network. The functionality of AMF 264 also includes: location service management for regulatory services, transmission of location service messages between UE 204 and Location Management Function (LMF) 270 (which acts as location server 230), transmission of location service messages between the new RAN 220 and LMF 270, allocation of EPS bearer identifiers for interoperability with Evolved Packet Systems (EPS), and UE 204 mobility event notification. Additionally, AMF 264 supports functionality for non-3GPP access networks.

[0179] The functions of UPF 262 include: acting as an anchor point for intra / inter-RAT mobility (where applicable), acting as an external Protocol Data Unit (PDU) session point interconnecting to a data network (not shown), providing packet routing and forwarding, packet inspection, user plane policy rule enforcement (e.g., strobing, redirection, traffic steering), lawful interception (user plane collection), traffic usage reporting, quality of service (QoS) handling for user plane (e.g., uplink / downlink rate enforcement, reflective QoS marking in the downlink), uplink traffic verification (Service Data Flow (SDF) to QoS Flow mapping), transport-level packet marking in the uplink and downlink, downlink packet buffering and downlink data notification triggering, and sending and forwarding one or more "end markers" to the source RAN node. UPF 262 may also support the transmission of location service messages on the user plane between UE 204 and a location server (such as Secure User Plane Positioning (SUPL) Location Platform (SLP) 272).

[0180] The functions of SMF 266 include session management, UE Internet Protocol (IP) address allocation and management, selection and control of user plane functions, traffic bootstrapping configuration at UPF 262 for routing traffic to the correct destination, partial control of policy enforcement and QoS, and downlink data notification. The interface used by SMF 266 to communicate with AMF 264 is called the N11 interface.

[0181] Another optional aspect may include LMF 270, which can communicate with 5GC 260 to provide location assistance to UE 204. LMF 270 may be implemented as multiple separate servers (e.g., physically separate servers, different software modules on a single server, different software modules extending across multiple physical servers, etc.), or alternatively, each may correspond to a single server. LMF 270 may be configured to support one or more location services for UE 204, which can connect to LMF 270 via the core network, 5GC 260, and / or via the Internet (not explained). SLP 272 supports similar functionality to LMF 270, but while LMF 270 can communicate with AMF 264, the new RAN 220, and UE 204 on the control plane (e.g., using interfaces and protocols designed to convey signaling messages rather than voice or data), SLP 272 can communicate with UE 204 and external clients on the user plane (e.g., using protocols designed to carry voice and / or data, such as Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and / or IP). Figure 2B (Not shown in the image) communicates.

[0182] On one hand, the LMF 270 and / or SLP 272 can be integrated into base stations (such as gNB 222 and / or ng-eNB 224). When integrated into gNB 222 and / or ng-eNB 224, the LMF 270 and / or SLP 272 may be referred to as a “location management component” or “LMC”. However, as used herein, references to LMF 270 and SLP 272 include both cases where LMF 270 and SLP 272 are components of the core network (e.g., 5GC 260) and cases where LMF 270 and SLP 272 are components of the base station.

[0183] Referenced Figure 3A , 3BFigures 3C and 3C illustrate several example components (represented by corresponding boxes) that can be incorporated into UE 302 (which may correspond to any UE described herein), base station 304 (which may correspond to any base station described herein), and network entity 306 (which may correspond to or embody any network function described herein, including location server 230 and LMF 270) to support file transfer operations. It will be appreciated that these components can be implemented in different types of devices (e.g., in an ASIC, in a system-on-a-chip (SoC), etc.) in different implementations. The illustrated components can also be incorporated into other devices in a communication system. For example, other devices in the system may include components similar to those described to provide similar functionality. Furthermore, a given device may include one or more of these components. For example, a device may include multiple transceiver components that enable the device to operate on multiple carriers and / or communicate via different technologies.

[0184] UE 302 and base station 304 each include a wireless wide area network (WWAN) transceiver 310 and 350 configured to communicate via one or more wireless communication networks (not shown) (such as NR networks, LTE networks, GSM networks, etc.). WWAN transceivers 310 and 350 may be connected to one or more antennas 316 and 356, respectively, for communicating with other network nodes (such as other UEs, access points, base stations (e.g., eNB, gNB)) over a wireless communication medium of interest (e.g., a time / frequency resource set in a specific spectrum) via at least one designated RAT (e.g., NR, LTE, GSM, etc.). WWAN transceivers 310 and 350 may be configured, in various ways, to transmit and encode signals 318 and 358 (e.g., messages, indications, information, etc.) according to the designated RAT, and conversely, to receive and decode signals 318 and 358 (e.g., messages, indications, information, pilots, etc.). Specifically, transceivers 310 and 350 each include one or more transmitters 314 and 354 for transmitting and encoding signals 318 and 358, respectively, and each includes one or more receivers 312 and 352 for receiving and decoding signals 318 and 358, respectively.

[0185] In at least some cases, UE 302 and base station 304 also include wireless local area network (WLAN) transceivers 320 and 360, respectively. WLAN transceivers 320 and 360 can be connected to one or more antennas 326 and 366, respectively, for use via at least one designated RAT (e.g., WiFi, LTE-D, Bluetooth). The WLAN transceivers 320 and 360 can be configured, according to a specified RAT, in various ways to transmit and encode signals 328 and 368 (e.g., messages, indications, information, etc.), and conversely, to receive and decode signals 328 and 368 (e.g., messages, indications, information, pilots, etc.). Specifically, transceivers 320 and 360 each include one or more transmitters 324 and 364 for transmitting and encoding signals 328 and 368, respectively, and one or more receivers 322 and 362 for receiving and decoding signals 328 and 368, respectively.

[0186] A transceiver circuit system including at least one transmitter and at least one receiver may, in some implementations, include integrated devices (e.g., transmitter and receiver circuitry implemented as a single communication device), in some implementations, include separate transmitter and receiver devices, or in other implementations, may be implemented in a different manner. In one aspect, the transmitter may include or be coupled to multiple antennas (e.g., antennas 316, 326, 356, 366), such as an antenna array, which allows the corresponding device to perform transmit "beamforming," as described herein. Similarly, the receiver may include or be coupled to multiple antennas (e.g., antennas 316, 326, 356, 366), such as an antenna array, which allows the corresponding device to perform receive beamforming, as described herein. In another aspect, the transmitter and receiver may share the same multiple antennas (e.g., antennas 316, 326, 356, 366) such that the corresponding device can only receive or transmit at a given time, rather than both simultaneously. The wireless communication equipment of UE 302 and / or base station 304 (e.g., one or both of transceivers 310 and 320 and / or one or both of transceivers 350 and 360) may also include a network eavesdropping module (NLM) for performing various measurements, etc.

[0187] In at least some cases, UE 302 and base station 304 also include Satellite Positioning System (SPS) receivers 330 and 370. SPS receivers 330 and 370 may be connected to one or more antennas 336 and 376, respectively, to receive SPS signals 338 and 378 (such as Global Positioning System (GPS) signals, Global Navigation Satellite System (GLONASS) signals, Galileo signals, BeiDou signals, Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System (NAVIC), Quasi-Zenith Satellite System (QZSS), etc.). SPS receivers 330 and 370 may each include any suitable hardware and / or software for receiving and processing SPS signals 338 and 378. SPS receivers 330 and 370 request information and operations from other systems as appropriate and perform necessary calculations to determine the positioning of UE 302 and base station 304 using measurements obtained by any suitable SPS algorithm.

[0188] Base station 304 and network entity 306 each include at least one network interface 380 and 390 for communicating with other network entities. For example, network interfaces 380 and 390 (e.g., one or more network access ports) may be configured to communicate with one or more network entities via a wired or wireless backhaul connection. In some aspects, network interfaces 380 and 390 may be implemented as transceivers configured to support wired or wireless signal communication. This communication may involve, for example, sending and receiving messages, parameters, and / or other types of information.

[0189] UE 302, base station 304, and network entity 306 also include other components that can be used in conjunction with operations disclosed herein. UE 302 includes a processor circuitry implemented with a processing system 332 for providing, for example, functionality related to RF sensing, and for providing other processing functionality. Base station 304 includes a processing system 384 for providing, for example, functionality related to RF sensing as disclosed herein, and for providing other processing functionality. Network entity 306 includes a processing system 394 for providing, for example, functionality related to RF sensing as disclosed herein, and for providing other processing functionality. In one aspect, processing systems 332, 384, and 394 may include, for example, one or more general-purpose processors, multi-core processors, ASICs, digital signal processors (DSPs), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), or other programmable logic devices or processing circuitry.

[0190] UE 302, base station 304, and network entity 306 include memory circuitry that implements memory components 340, 386, and 396 (e.g., each including a memory device) for maintaining information (e.g., information indicating reserved resources, thresholds, parameters, etc.). In some cases, UE 302, base station 304, and network entity 306 may include radar components 342, 388, and 398, respectively. Radar components 342, 388, and 398 may be hardware circuitry that is part of or coupled to processing systems 332, 384, and 394, which, when executed, cause UE 302, base station 304, and network entity 306 to perform the functionality described herein. In other aspects, radar components 342, 388, and 398 may be external to processing systems 332, 384, and 394 (e.g., part of a modem processing system, integrated with another processing system, etc.). Alternatively, radar components 342, 388, and 398 may be memory modules stored in memory components 340, 386, and 396, respectively (as in...). Figures 3A-3C As shown in the diagram, these memory modules, when executed by processing systems 332, 384, and 394 (or modem processing system, another processing system, etc.), enable UE 302, base station 304, and network entity 306 to perform the functionality described herein.

[0191] UE 302 may include one or more sensors 344 coupled to processing system 332 to provide motion and / or orientation information independent of motion data derived from signals received by WWAN transceiver 310, WLAN transceiver 320, and / or SPS receiver 330. As an example, sensors 344 may include accelerometers (e.g., microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) devices), gyroscopes, geomagnetic sensors (e.g., compasses), altimeters (e.g., barometric altimeters), and / or any other type of motion detection sensor. Furthermore, sensors 344 may include multiple different types of devices and combine their outputs to provide motion information. For example, sensors 344 may use a combination of multi-axis accelerometers and orientation sensors to provide the ability to calculate positioning in 2D and / or 3D coordinate systems.

[0192] Additionally, UE 302 includes a user interface 346 for providing instructions to the user (e.g., audible and / or visual instructions) and / or for receiving user input (e.g., when the user actuates a sensing device (such as a keypad, touchscreen, microphone, etc.)). Although not shown, base station 304 and network entity 306 may also include user interfaces.

[0193] Referring more specifically to processing system 384, in the downlink, IP packets from network entity 306 can be provided to processing system 384. Processing system 384 can implement functionality for the RRC layer, Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) layer, Radio Link Control (RLC) layer, and Media Access Control (MAC) layer. The processing system 384 can provide RRC layer functionality associated with system information (e.g., Master Information Block (MIB), System Information Block (SIB)) broadcasting, RRC connection control (e.g., RRC connection paging, RRC connection establishment, RRC connection modification, and RRC connection release), inter-RAT mobility, and measurement configuration of UE measurement reports; PDCP layer functionality associated with header compression / decompression, security (cryptography, cryptographic decoding, integrity protection, integrity verification), and handover support functions; RLC layer functionality associated with upper-layer packet data unit (PDU) delivery, error correction via Automatic Repeat Request (ARQ), concatenation, segmentation and reassembly of RLC service data units (SDUs), resegmentation of RLC data PDUs, and reordering of RLC data PDUs; and MAC layer functionality associated with mapping between logical channels and transport channels, scheduling information reporting, error correction, priority handling, and logical channel priority ordering.

[0194] Transmitter 354 and receiver 352 implement Layer-1 functionality associated with various signal processing functions. Layer-1, including the physical (PHY) layer, may include error detection on the transport channel, forward error correction (FEC) decoding / decoding of the transport channel, interleaving, rate matching, mapping to the physical channel, modulation / demodulation of the physical channel, and MIMO antenna processing. Transmitter 354 processes the mapping to the signal constellation based on various modulation schemes (e.g., binary phase shift keying (BPSK), quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK), M-phase shift keying (M-PSK), M-quadrature amplitude modulation (M-QAM)). The decoded and modulated symbols can then be split into parallel streams. Each stream can then be mapped to an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) subcarrier, multiplexed with a reference signal (e.g., a pilot) in the time and / or frequency domains, and subsequently combined using an inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) to produce a physical channel carrying a time-domain OFDM symbol stream. The OFDM symbol stream is spatially precoded to generate multiple spatial streams. Channel estimates from the channel estimator can be used to determine the coding and modulation schemes, as well as for spatial processing. The channel estimates can be derived from reference signals transmitted by UE 302 and / or channel condition feedback. Each spatial stream can then be provided to one or more different antennas 356. Transmitter 354 can use the corresponding spatial stream to modulate an RF carrier for transmission.

[0195] At UE 302, receiver 312 receives signals via its respective antenna(s) 316. Receiver 312 recovers the information modulated onto the RF carrier and provides this information to processing system 332. Transmitter 314 and receiver 312 implement Layer 1 functionality associated with various signal processing functions. Receiver 312 can perform spatial processing on this information to recover any spatial stream destined for UE 302. If multiple spatial streams are destined for UE 302, they can be combined by receiver 312 into a single OFDM symbol stream. Receiver 312 then uses a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) to transform the OFDM symbol stream from the time domain to the frequency domain. The frequency domain signal consists of a separate OFDM symbol stream for each subcarrier of the OFDM signal. Symbols on each subcarrier, along with a reference signal, are recovered and demodulated by determining the signal constellation points most likely to be transmitted by base station 304. These soft decisions can be based on a channel estimate calculated by a channel estimator. These soft decisions are then decoded and deinterleaved to recover the original data and control signals transmitted by base station 304 over the physical channel. These data and control signals are then provided to processing system 332, which implements layer 3 and layer 2 functionality.

[0196] In the uplink, processing system 332 provides demultiplexing, packet reassembly, cipher decoding, header decompression, and control signal processing between the transport and logical channels to recover IP packets from the core network. Processing system 332 is also responsible for error detection.

[0197] Similar to the functionality described in conjunction with downlink transmissions performed by base station 304, processing system 332 provides RRC layer functionality associated with system information (e.g., MIB, SIB) capture, RRC connectivity, and measurement reporting; PDCP layer functionality associated with header compression / decompression and security (cryptography, cryptographic decoding, integrity protection, integrity verification); RLC layer functionality associated with upper-layer PDU delivery, error correction via ARQ, concatenation, segmentation and reassembly of RLC SDUs, resegmentation of RLC data PDUs, and reordering of RLC data PDUs; and MAC layer functionality associated with mapping between logical channels and transport channels, multiplexing MAC SDUs onto transport blocks (TBs), demultiplexing MAC SDUs from TBs, scheduling information reporting, error correction via Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request (HARQ), priority handling, and logical channel priority ordering.

[0198] The channel estimate derived by the channel estimator from the reference signal or feedback transmitted by the base station 304 can be used by the transmitter 314 to select appropriate coding and modulation schemes, and to facilitate spatial processing. The spatial stream generated by the transmitter 314 can be provided to different antennas 316. The transmitter 314 can use the corresponding spatial stream to modulate the RF carrier for transmission.

[0199] Uplink transmissions are processed at base station 304 in a manner similar to that described in conjunction with the receiver function at UE 302. Receiver 352 receives signals via its respective antenna(s) 356. Receiver 352 recovers the information modulated onto the RF carrier and provides this information to processing system 384.

[0200] In the uplink, processing system 384 provides demultiplexing, packet reassembly, cipher decoding, header decompression, and control signal processing between the transport and logical channels to recover IP packets from UE 302. IP packets from processing system 384 can then be provided to the core network. Processing system 384 is also responsible for error detection.

[0201] For convenience, UE 302, base station 304 and / or network entity 306 are in Figures 3A-3C The box is shown as including various components that can be configured according to the various examples described herein. However, it will be understood that the illustrated box may have different functionalities in different designs.

[0202] Various components of UE 302, base station 304 and network entity 306 can communicate with each other on data buses 334, 382 and 392 respectively. Figures 3A-3C The components can be implemented in various ways. In some implementations, Figures 3A-3CThe components can be implemented in one or more circuits (for example, such as one or more processors and / or one or more ASICs (which may include one or more processors)). Here, each circuit may use and / or incorporate at least one memory component for storing information or executable code used by that circuit to provide this functionality. For example, some or all of the functionality represented by blocks 310 to 346 may be implemented by the processor and(s) memory components of UE 302 (e.g., by executing appropriate code and / or by appropriately configuring the processor components). Similarly, some or all of the functionality represented by blocks 350 to 388 may be implemented by the processor and(s) memory components of base station 304 (e.g., by executing appropriate code and / or by appropriately configuring the processor components). Furthermore, some or all of the functionality represented by blocks 390 to 398 may be implemented by the processor and(s) memory components of network entity 306 (e.g., by executing appropriate code and / or by appropriately configuring the processor components). For simplicity, various operations, actions, and / or functions are described herein as being performed "by the UE," "by the base station," "by the positioning entity," etc. However, as will be appreciated, such operations, actions, and / or functions may actually be performed by specific components or combinations of components of the UE, base station, positioning entity, etc., such as processing systems 332, 384, 394, transceivers 310, 320, 350, and 360, memory components 340, 386, and 396, radar components 342, 388, and 398, etc.

[0203] Figure 4A Figure 400 illustrates an example of a DL frame structure according to various aspects of this disclosure. Figure 4B Figure 430 illustrates an example of a channel within a DL frame structure according to various aspects of this disclosure. Other wireless communication technologies may have different frame structures and / or different channels.

[0204] LTE, and in some cases NR, utilizes OFDM on the downlink and single-carrier frequency division multiplexing (SC-FDM) on the uplink. However, unlike LTE, NR also has the option to use OFDM on the uplink. OFDM and SC-FDM divide the system bandwidth into multiple (K) orthogonal subcarriers, which are often referred to as frequency modulation, frequency slots, etc. Each subcarrier can be modulated with data. Generally, modulation symbols are transmitted in the frequency domain for OFDM and in the time domain for SC-FDM. The spacing between adjacent subcarriers can be fixed, and the total number of subcarriers (K) can depend on the system bandwidth. For example, the subcarrier spacing can be 15 kHz, and the minimum resource allocation (resource block) can be 12 subcarriers (or 180 kHz). Therefore, for system bandwidths of 1.25, 2.5, 5, 10, or 20 MHz, the nominal FFT size can be equal to 128, 256, 512, 1024, or 2048, respectively. The system bandwidth can also be divided into subbands. For example, a subband can cover 1.08MHz (i.e., 6 resource blocks), and for system bandwidths of 1.25, 2.5, 5, 10, or 20MHz, there can be 1, 2, 4, 8, or 16 subbands, respectively.

[0205] LTE supports a single set of parameters (subcarrier spacing, symbol length, etc.). In contrast, NR can support multiple parameter designs; for example, subcarrier spacings of 15kHz, 30kHz, 60kHz, 120kHz, and 204kHz or greater can be available. Table 1 below lists some of the various parameters used for different NR parameter sets.

[0206]

[0207] Table 1

[0208] exist Figure 4A and 4B In the example, a parameter design of 15kHz is used. Therefore, in the time domain, a frame (e.g., 10ms) is divided into 10 equal-sized subframes, each 1ms in size, and each subframe includes one time slot. Figure 4A and 4B In this context, time is represented horizontally (e.g., on the X-axis), where time increases from left to right, while frequency is represented vertically (e.g., on the Y-axis), where frequency increases (or decreases) from bottom to top.

[0209] A resource grid can be used to represent time slots, each time slot comprising one or more concurrent resource blocks (RBs) (also known as physical RBs (PRBs)) in the frequency domain. The resource grid is further divided into multiple resource elements (REs). An RE corresponds to one symbol length in the time domain and one subcarrier in the frequency domain. Figure 4A and 4B In the parameter design, for a normal cyclic prefix, the RB can contain 12 consecutive subcarriers in the frequency domain and 7 consecutive symbols in the time domain (OFDM symbols for DL; SC-FDMA symbols for UL), for a total of 84 REs. For an extended cyclic prefix, the RB can contain 12 consecutive subcarriers in the frequency domain and 6 consecutive symbols in the time domain, for a total of 72 REs. The number of bits carried by each RE depends on the modulation scheme.

[0210] As in Figure 4A As explained in the text, some REs carry DL reference (pilot) signals (DL-RS) for channel estimation at the UE. The DL-RS may include a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) and a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS), with exemplary locations in... Figure 4A It is marked as "R".

[0211] Figure 4B Examples of various channels within the DL subframe of a frame are explained. The Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH) carries DL Control Information (DCI) within one or more Control Channel Elements (CCEs). Each CCE includes nine RE Groups (REGs), and each REG includes four consecutive REs in OFDM symbols. The DCI carries information about UL resource allocation (persistent and non-persistent) and a description of the DL data transmitted to the UE. Multiple (e.g., up to eight) DCIs can be configured in the PDCCH, and these DCIs can have one of several formats. For example, different DCI formats exist for UL scheduling, for non-MIMO DL scheduling, for MIMO DL scheduling, and for UL power control.

[0212] The Primary Synchronization Signal (PSS) is used by the UE to determine subframe / symbol timing and physical layer identity. The Secondary Synchronization Signal (SSS) is used by the UE to determine the physical layer cell identity group number and radio frame timing. Based on the physical layer identity and physical layer cell identity group number, the UE can determine the PCI. Based on the PCI, the UE can determine the location of the aforementioned DL-RS. The Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH) carrying the MIB can logically be grouped with the PSS and SSS to form an SSB (also known as SS / PBCH). The MIB provides the number of RBs in the DL system bandwidth and the System Frame Number (SFN). The Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH) carries user data, broadcast system information (such as System Information Blocks (SIBs)) not transmitted via the PBCH, and paging messages. In some cases, in Figure 4A The DL RS explained in the text can be the Positioning Reference Signal (PRS).

[0213] Wireless communication signals transmitted between the UE and the base station (e.g., RF signals configured to carry OFDM symbols) can be reused for environmental sensing (also known as "RF sensing" or "radar"). Environmental sensing using wireless communication signals can be viewed as consumer-grade radar with advanced detection capabilities, particularly in the ability to perform contactless / device-free interactions with devices / systems. Wireless communication signals can be cellular communication signals, such as LTE or NR signals, WLAN signals, etc. As a specific example, the wireless communication signal can be an OFDM waveform used in LTE and NR. High-frequency communication signals (such as mmW RF signals) are particularly advantageous for use as radar signals because the higher frequency provides at least more accurate spacing (distance) detection.

[0214] Generally speaking, there are different types of radar, especially monostatic and bistatic radar. Figure 5A and 5B Two of these different types of radar were explained. Specifically, Figure 5A It explains the illustration 500 of a monostatic radar scenario, and... Figure 5B This is illustration 530, which explains the bistatic radar scenario. Figure 5A In this configuration, base station 502 can be configured for full-duplex operation, whereby the transmitter (Tx) and receiver (Rx) are located in the same location. For example, the transmitted radio signal 506 can be reflected by a target object (such as building 504), and the receiver on base station 502 is configured to receive and measure the reflected beam 508. This is a typical use case for conventional or traditional radar. Figure 5BIn this example, base station 505 can be configured as a transmitter (Tx), and UE 532 can be configured as a receiver (Rx). In this example, the transmitter and receiver are not located in the same place; that is, they are separate. Base station 505 can be configured to transmit a beam, such as a full downlink RF signal 506 that can be received by UE 532. A portion of the RF signal 506 can be reflected or refracted by building 504, and UE 532 can receive the reflected signal 534. This is a typical use case for RF sensing based on wireless communication (e.g., WiFi-based, LTE-based, NR-based). Note that although... Figure 5B The explanation states that the downlink RF signal 506 is used as an RF sensing signal, but the uplink RF signal can also be used as an RF sensing signal. In the downlink scenario, as shown, the transmitter is the base station 505 and the receiver is the UE 532, while in the uplink scenario, the transmitter is the UE and the receiver is the base station.

[0215] For more details, please refer to Figure 5B Base station 505 transmits RF sensing signals (e.g., PRS) to UE 532, but some of the RF sensing signals are reflected from a target object (such as building 504). UE 504 can measure the ToA of the RF signal 506 received directly from the base station, as well as the ToA of the reflected signal 534 reflected from the target object (e.g., building 504).

[0216] Base station 505 can be configured to transmit a single RF signal 506 or multiple RF signals to a receiver (e.g., UE 532). However, due to the propagation characteristics of RF signals through multipath channels, UE 532 can receive multiple RF signals corresponding to each transmitted RF signal. Each path can be associated with a cluster of one or more channel taps. Generally, the time when the receiver detects the first cluster of channel taps is considered to be the time of arrival (ToA) of the RF signal on the line-of-sight (LOS) path (i.e., the shortest path between the transmitter and receiver). Later clusters of channel taps are considered to have been reflected away from objects between the transmitter and receiver, and therefore have followed a non-LOS (NLOS) path between the transmitter and receiver.

[0217] Therefore, referring to the return Figure 5B RF signal 506 follows the LOS path between base station 505 and UE 532, and reflected signal 534 represents an RF sensing signal that follows the NLOS path between base station 505 and UE 532 due to reflection from building 504 (or another target object). Base station 505 may have transmitted multiple RF sensing signals ( Figure 5B(Not shown in the image), some of the plurality of RF sensing signals follow a LOS path, and others follow a NLOS path. Alternatively, base station 505 may have transmitted a single RF sensing signal in a sufficiently wide beam, wherein a portion of the RF sensing signal follows a LOS path and a portion of the RF sensing signal follows a NLOS path.

[0218] Based on the difference between the ToA of the LOS path, the ToA of the NLOS path, and the speed of light, UE 532 can determine the distance to building 504. Additionally, if UE 532 can receive beamforming, it can determine the general direction to building 504 as the direction of the reflected signal 534, which is the received RF sensing signal following the NLOS path. UE 532 can then optionally report this information to the transmitting base station 505, an application server associated with the core network, an external client, a third-party application, or other entities. Alternatively, UE 532 can report the ToA measurement to base station 505 or other entities, and base station 505 can determine the distance to the target object and optionally the direction to the target object.

[0219] Note that if the RF sensing signal is an uplink RF signal transmitted from UE 532 to base station 505, then base station 505 will perform object detection based on the uplink RF signal, just as UE 532 performs object detection based on the downlink RF signal.

[0220] Reference Figure 5C Example graph 550 is shown, illustrating the RF channel response over time at the receiver (e.g., either the UE or the base station described herein). Figure 5C In the example, the receiver receives multiple (four) channel tap clusters. Each channel tap represents the multipath followed by the RF signal between the transmitter (e.g., either the UE or the base station described herein) and the receiver. That is, the channel tap represents the arrival of the RF signal on the multipath. Each channel tap cluster indicates that the corresponding multipath follows substantially the same path. Different clusters may exist because the RF signals are transmitted on different transmit beams (and therefore at different angles), or because of the propagation characteristics of the RF signals (e.g., potentially following widely different paths due to reflections), or both.

[0221] exist Figure 5CIn the channel described above, the receiver receives a first cluster of two RF signals on the channel tap at time T1, a second cluster of five RF signals on the channel tap at time T2, a third cluster of five RF signals on the channel tap at time T3, and a fourth cluster of four RF signals on the channel tap at time T4. Figure 5C In the example, since the first RF signal cluster arrives first at time T1, it is assumed to be a LOS data stream (i.e., a data stream arriving on the LOS or shortest path), and can correspond to Figure 5B The LOS path explained in the diagram (e.g., RF signal 506). The third cluster at time T3 consists of the strongest RF signal and can correspond to... Figure 5B The NLOS path explained in the text (e.g., reflected signal 534). Note that, although... Figure 5C Clusters with two to five channel taps have been described, but as will be understood, these clusters may have more or fewer channel taps than the number described.

[0222] Reference Figure 6 This document illustrates an example single-target beam management use case 600 for bistatic radio frequency sensing. Use case 600 includes a base station 602 (such as a 5G NRgNB) configured to transmit multiple beamformed signals along different azimuth angles and / or altitudes, and a UE 610 configured to utilize receive beamforming based on angle of arrival to improve signal gain. Base station 602 can be configured to generate N different reference beams and various azimuth angles, altitudes, and / or beamwidths. In one example, the beams transmitted by base station 602 can be based on SS blocks, CSI-RS, TRS, or PRS resource sets. Other sensing and tracking reference signals can also be used. UE 610 can be configured to utilize phase shifters and other software and hardware techniques to generate receive beams, such as a first receive beam 612, a second receive beam 614, and a third receive beam 616. UE 610 can also be configured to apply beamforming to the transmitted beams. Base station 602 can transmit a first reference signal 604 in the direction of a target object (such as building 504). The first reference signal 604 can be reflected, and UE 610 can use a first receive beam 612 to receive the reflected signal 606. The reflected signal 606 represents the NLOS path from the first reference signal 604 to UE 610. Base station 602 also transmits a second reference signal 608 on a second beam. In one example, the second reference signal 608 may be quasi-co-located (QCL) with the first reference signal 604. UE 610 uses a second receive beam 614 to receive the second reference signal 608. The second reference signal 608 is the LOS path to UE 610.

[0223] In operation, UE 610 can be configured to report channel responses for each of the first and second reference signals 604, 608 to base station 602 or another serving cell, and base station 602 can be configured to manage transmit and receive beam pairs for object sensing. For example, base station 602 can be configured to provide UE 610 with transmit and receive beam identification information to track objects (such as building 504). The beam identification information may be a Transmission Configuration Indicator (TCI) sent in a DCI message, which includes various configurations (such as the QCL relationship between the transmit and receive beams).

[0224] Reference Figure 7 Further reference Figure 6 An example multi-objective use case 700 for bistatic RF sensing is shown. Use case 700 is extended by including a second objective. Figure 6 The single target use case 600. By way of example and not limitation, the second target could be a second building 704. The number and nature of targets can vary depending on the environment and radio sensing application. In use case 700, base station 602 transmits a third reference signal 702, which is reflected by the second building 704, and the resulting reflected signal 708 is detected by the second receive beam 614 of UE 610. UE 610 can report a channel response to the third reference signal 702 with an indication that the measurement was obtained using the second receive beam 614. Base station 602 is configured to manage the beam pair associated with the second target (i.e., the third reference signal 702 and the second receive beam 614). Additional targets and corresponding beam pairs can also be managed by base station 602. Base station 602 can be configured to track one or more targets, and thereby provide the corresponding beam pair information as the QCL / TCI of the corresponding target to UE 610.

[0225] Reference Figure 8AAn example scan phase 800 with bistatic RF sensing is shown. Base station 802 is an example of base station 304 and is configured to transmit multiple beamforming reference signals with varying azimuth, height, and / or beamwidth. The reference signals may be SS blocks, CSI-RS, TRS, PRS, or sensing scan reference signals (SSRS) configured for RF sensing applications. UE 810 is an example of UE 302 and can be configured to perform receive beam scanning along different azimuth, height, and / or beamwidths relative to the orientation of UE 810. In operation, base station 802 may transmit one or more of the reference signals in sequence (i.e., beam sweep), and UE 810 is configured to perform beam sweeping through different receive beams. Scan phase 800 may be used to initially detect potential objects to be tracked via RF sensing. For example, a first reference signal 804 may be reflected by a first object 820a, and a first reflected reference signal 804a may be detected by UE 810. UE 810 can cyclically traverse different receive beams, such as the first receive beam 812, the second receive beam 814, and the third receive beam 816. For example... Figure 8A As depicted, the first reflected reference signal 804a can be received using the first receiving beam 812. The UE 810 can also detect the second reference signal 805 via the LOS path using the second receiving beam 814. Beam sweeping on the base station 802 can generate a third reference signal 806, which is reflected on the second object 820b, and the third reflected reference signal 806a is received by the UE 810 on the third receiving beam 816.

[0226] In one embodiment, UE 810 may be configured to detect a target based on the RSRP of the received signals. For example, UE 810 may report RSRP values ​​associated with the first reference signal 804 and the third reference signal 806 that are higher than a threshold. This threshold may be a fixed value or may be scaled based on the RSRP of a LOS signal (such as the second reference signal 805). UE 810 is configured to report one or more channel measurements (e.g., RSRP, RSRQ, SINR) associated with the received reference signals to base station 802 or other network nodes. Measurements obtained during the scan phase 800 may be used in subsequent tracking phases.

[0227] Reference Figure 8B Further reference Figure 8A An example tracking stage 850 employing dual-base radio frequency sensing is shown. (Continued) Figure 8AFor example, base station 802 (or another network node in communication system 100) may determine one or more objects detected during scan phase 800 to track. For instance, base station 802 may select to track a first object 820a and will send beam configuration information to UE 810 to enable UE 810 to track the first object 820a. This beam configuration information may include reference signal information and receive beam configuration information for UE 810. Base station 802 may utilize a sense tracking reference signal (STRS) based on a first reference signal 804 to track or refine measurements associated with the first object. In one example, the STRS may be quasi-co-located with the corresponding SSRS (i.e., the first reference signal 804). SS blocks, CSI-RS, TRS, and PRS may be used as STRS. Other reference signals may also be developed and used as STRS. The beam configuration information sent to UE 810 may be transmitted via RRC, Media Access Control Element (MAC-CE), DCI, or other signaling protocols. Upon receiving beam configuration information, UE 810 may, for example, use a first receive beam 812 with STRS to detect a first object 820a.

[0228] Base station 802 can be configured to track multiple targets based on the number of reference signals that base station 802 can generate. In one embodiment, base station 802 can be configured to track one object for each reference signal. For example, base station 802 can track a second object 820b by generating a second SRS based on a third reference signal 806. Beam configuration information sent to UE 810 may include beam parameters of the second SRS and corresponding received beam information (e.g., a third received beam 816) provided by UE 810 during scan phase 800. Thus, UE 810 can be configured to track both a first object 820a and a second object 820b. Up to a number of additional objects can be tracked up to the number of reference signals generated by base station 802.

[0229] Figure 9 This is a simplified diagram illustrating the basic operation of a bistatic radar system 900. Transmitter 902 and receiver 904 are used to transmit and receive radar signals to sense target 906. Although an example of a bistatic radar is shown, the same operating principles can be applied to multistatic radars utilizing more than two transmitters / receivers. For example, a multistatic radar may utilize one transmitter and two receivers. In another example, a multistatic radar may utilize two transmitters and one receiver. A larger number of transmitters and / or receivers is also possible.

[0230] In the bistatic radar system 900, transmitter 902 transmits a transmission signal 908, which travels through a distance R. TThe transmitted signal 908 is reflected from target 906 and becomes echo signal 910. Echo signal 910 travels across the range RR to reach receiver 904. The primary function of the bistatic radar system 900 is to sense the range RR from target 906 to receiver 904. This system primarily achieves this by sensing the total range RR traveled by the transmitted signal 908 and echo signal 910. sum The amount of time spent determines the range RR, the total distance R. sum It is the sum of RT and RR:

[0231] R sum = R T + R R (Equation 1)

[0232] Total distance R sum An ellipsoid (also known as an equal-range profile) is defined with its foci at the positions of transmitter 902 and receiver 904, respectively. This ellipsoid represents the distance over a given total distance R. sum In this case, the radar system 900 can measure all possible locations of target 906. sum For example, if perfect timing synchronization between transmitter 902 and receiver 904 can be assumed, then simply measuring the time duration T between the moment transmitter 902 transmits the transmitted signal 908 and the moment receiver 904 receives the echo signal 910 is sufficient. sum It will be easy. The time duration is T. sum Multiplying this by the speed of the signal through free space (e.g., approximately c = 3 * 908 m / s) will give R. sum Therefore, the ellipsoid of all possible locations of target 906 can be determined by measuring the "time of flight" T of the bistatic radar signal. sum To obtain.

[0233] According to some embodiments, the distance R sum Measurements can be performed without tight time synchronization between transmitter 902 and receiver 904. In one embodiment, a line-of-sight (LOS) signal 912 can be transmitted from transmitter 902 to receiver 904. That is, while transmitter 902 is transmitting a transmit signal 908 toward target 906, transmitter 902 can also transmit the LOS signal 912 toward receiver 904. According to a specific embodiment, transmit signal 908 can correspond to the main lobe of a transmit antenna beam pattern transmitted from transmitter 902, while LOS signal 912 corresponds to a sidelobe of the same transmit antenna beam pattern transmitted from transmitter 902.

[0234] Receiver 904 receives both echo signal 910 and LOS signal 912, and can use the timing of receiving these two signals to measure the total distance Rsum using the following formula:

[0235]

[0236] Here, T Rx_echo This is the reception time of echo signal 910. T RxLOS This is the reception time of the LOS signal 912. As mentioned, c = 3 * 10⁸ m / s is the speed of the signal through free space. L is the distance between transmitter 902 and receiver 904. Once R is obtained... sum This can be used to calculate the target range RR (i.e., the distance between target 906 and receiver 904) using the following formula:

[0237]

[0238] The bistatic radar system 900 can also be used to determine the angle of arrival (AoA)θ of the echo signal 910 received by the receiver 904. R This can be done in various ways. One way is to estimate θ using the antenna array at receiver 904. R The antenna array (which comprises multiple antenna elements) can operate as a programmable directional antenna capable of sensing the angle at which a signal is received. Thus, receiver 904 can use the antenna array to sense the angle of arrival of the echo signal 910. This is used to estimate θ. R Another approach involves multi-point localization. Multi-point localization refers to determining the intersection of two or more curves or surfaces that represent the possible locations of a target. For example, Figure 9 The bistatic radar system 900 shown can define a first ellipsoid representing the possible locations of target 906, as previously described. A second bistatic radar system with transmitters and / or receivers having different ground locations can define a different second ellipsoid representing the possible locations of target 906. The intersection of the first and second ellipsoids reduces the possible locations of target 906(s). In three-dimensional space, generally four such ellipsoids would be needed to reduce the possible locations to a single point, thereby identifying the location of target 906. In two-dimensional space (e.g., assuming all transmitters, receivers, and targets are confined to ground objects), generally three such ellipsoids (for two-dimensional space, the ellipsoids are reduced to elliptic curves) would be needed to reduce the possible locations to a single point, thereby identifying the location of target 906. Multistatic radar systems, instead of multiple bistatic radar systems, can also be used to achieve multipoint localization in a similar manner.

[0239] Furthermore, the bistatic radar system 900 can also be used to determine the Doppler frequency associated with target 906. From the receiver 904's perspective, this Doppler frequency represents the relative velocity of target 906—that is, the velocity at which target 906 approaches / leave from receiver 904. For the stationary transmitter 902 and the stationary receiver 904, the Doppler frequency of target 906 can be calculated as follows:

[0240]

[0241] Here, f D ν is the Doppler frequency, v is the velocity of target 906 relative to a fixed reference frame defined by the stationary transmitter 902 and receiver 904. β is the angle formed between the transmitted signal 908 and the echo signal 910 at target 906. δ is the angle between the velocity vector ν and the central ray (half-angle) defined within angle β.

[0242] exist Figure 9 In this context, the fixed reference frame is defined with respect to the stationary transmitter 902 and the stationary receiver 904. Specifically, a baseline of length L can be drawn between transmitter 902 and receiver 904. This baseline extends beyond transmitter 902 and receiver 904. One or more normals perpendicular to the baseline can be drawn. The transmission angle θ can be defined relative to the normal drawn from the position of transmission angle 902. T The receiving angle θ can be defined relative to the normal drawn from the position of receiver 904. R This is referred to as the Angle of Arrival above.

[0243] As previously mentioned, the bistatic radar system 900 can be operated to sense targets in two-dimensional or three-dimensional space. Additional degrees of freedom are introduced in the three-dimensional case. However, the same basic principles apply, and similar calculations can be performed.

[0244] Figure 10 The implementation of a bistatic radar system 900 in a wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is explained. The wireless communication system may include, for example: Figure 10The wireless communication system 1000 is shown in the diagram. The wireless communication system 1000 may include numerous transmit / receive points (TRPs) that, together with other devices, provide signal transmission and / or reception. Examples of TRPs within the wireless communication system 1000 include base stations 1002 and 1004, which provide wireless communication for user equipment (UEs) such as nearby vehicles requiring wireless data communication, wirelessphones, wearable devices, personal access points, and a wide range of other types of user equipment. For example, base stations 1002 and 1004 may be configured to support data communication with the UE by transmitting / receiving data symbols to / from the UE. Resources within the wireless communication system 1000 (such as base stations 1002 and 1004) can thus be used to serve a "dual mission," supporting not only wireless communication operation but also bistatic and / or multistatic radar operation. The wireless communication system 900 may be a cellular communication system.

[0245] For example, base station 1002 and base station 1004 can be used as... Figure 9 The bistatic radar system 900 shown includes a transmitter 902 and a receiver 904. Base station 1002 transmits a transmitted signal 1008, which is reflected from target 906 and becomes an echo signal 1010 received by base station 1004. Base station 1004 can also receive a line-of-sight (LOS) signal 1012 from base station 1002. By receiving both the LOS signal 1012 and the echo signal 1010, RX base station 1004 can measure the reception time T associated with receiving the LOS signal 1012 and the echo signal 1010, respectively. Rx echo With T RxLOS The value of the time difference between them. For example, RX base station 1004 can cross-correlate the received LOS signal 1012 with the received echo signal 1010 (such as by mixing the two signals in analog or digital form) to obtain a value representing the time difference (T). Rx_echo -T RxLOS The value of ) can be used to calculate the total distance R. sum Total distance R sum This can then be used to define an ellipsoid, which, along with other information, can be used with previously obtained information about... Figure 9 One or more techniques discussed are used to determine the target range R associated with target 1006. R Angle of arrival (AoA)θ R And / or Doppler frequency.

[0246] Here, target 906 may be (but is not necessarily) a UE being supported by wireless communication system 1000. In some instances, target 906 may be a UE configured to use a base station of wireless communication system 1000 to transmit and receive wireless signals carrying voice, text, and / or wireless data. In other instances, target 906 may simply be a remote object within the bistatic radar range of base stations 1002 and 1004, but otherwise unrelated to the wireless communication capabilities of system 1000.

[0247] exist Figure 10 In the bistatic example shown, the transmitter is referred to as TX base station 1002, and the receiver as RX base station 1004. More generally, TX base station 1002 may be referred to as TX TRP, and RX base station 1004 may be referred to as RX TRP. Here, "TX" and "RX" refer only to the fact that base station 1002 is used to transmit radar transmitted signal 1008 and base station 1004 is used to receive radar echo signal 1010. The terms "TX" and "RX" in this context do not limit the operation of base stations 1002 and 1004 to perform other functions, such as being used for other bistatic or multistatic radar operations (beyond...). Figure 9 (Other operations described herein) The transmitting party and / or receiving party, or a base station used for transmitting and receiving data communications during normal operation of the wireless communication system 1000. Although Figure 10 A simple bistatic radar system has been explained, but multistatic radar systems can also be implemented in a similar manner within wireless communication systems. Furthermore, although... Figure 10 A simple example in two-dimensional space has been explained, but the same operation can be extended to three-dimensional space.

[0248] Implementing a bistatic or multistatic radar system within a wireless communication system according to the embodiments of this disclosure offers numerous benefits. One particular benefit is the flexible utilization of bandwidth allocated for wireless communication. An example of the wireless communication system 1000 is a cellular communication system. For example, according to one embodiment, the wireless communication system 1000 may comply with the “5G” standard introduced in Release 15 of the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) specification. The ever-increasing bandwidth allocated to current and future wireless communication systems (including 5G and beyond 5G) can be utilized to transmit bistatic and multistatic radar signals. Thus, radio frequency (RF) sensing (e.g., radar) can be achieved by utilizing available wireless RF spectrum resources. For example, one or more of the transmitted signal 1008, the echo signal 1010, and / or the LOS signal 1012 may occupy bandwidth within a portion of the radio frequency (RF) spectrum allocated to the wireless communication system 1000 for data communication. Another example of the wireless communication system 1000 is a Long Term Evolution (LTE) wireless communication system. Other examples of the wireless communication system 1000 include wireless local area networks (WLANs), wireless wide area networks (WWANs), small cell-based wireless communication systems, millimeter wave-based communication systems, and other types of communication systems including TRPs.

[0249] Furthermore, the inherent benefits of bistatic and multistatic radar systems can be realized through existing widespread networks of transmitters and receivers in the form of well-placed wireless base stations. Compared to monostatic radar systems, bistatic or multistatic radar systems mitigate self-interference by having physically separate transmitter and receiver equipment. Wireless base stations (such as...) Figure 10 The base stations 1002 and 1004 shown already exist and cover a vast geographical area where users, vehicles, and other objects of interest are likely to be present. Such wireless base stations are sufficiently dispersed, and as a result, provide the opportunity to select appropriately positioned base stations for use as transmitters and receivers for bistatic and multistatic radar operations.

[0250] A major challenge arising in the development of bistatic or multistatic radar systems is the coordination between the transmitters and receivers(s). Various techniques for addressing such coordination problems are provided through embodiments of this disclosure, as discussed in the following sections.

[0251] According to some embodiments, a "radar server" can be implemented to support the operation of one or more bistatic and / or multistatic radar systems implemented within a wireless communication system. Here, a "radar controller" can be implemented as a combination of hardware and / or software resources residing within the wireless communication network. Thus, the radar controller can be defined as a functional block, facility, or node for, for example, configuring and / or controlling parameters relied upon by the TX and RX base stations participating in the operation of the bistatic and / or multistatic radar.

[0252] Figure 11 This is a block diagram of a wireless communication system 1100 that may include a radar controller, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The wireless communication system 1100 includes a core network (CN) 1102, a radio access network (RAN) 1104, and one or more user equipment (UE) units 1106. In one embodiment, a radar controller 1108 may be implemented within the CN 1102. The CN 1102 provides connectivity to the Internet and application services to the system 1100. The CN 1102 may be implemented using various computing resources, which may include memory and one or more processors executing an operating system and executing applications including programmed instructions. In one specific embodiment, the radar controller 1108 may be implemented within the computing resources of the CN 1102.

[0253] In another embodiment, the radar controller 1110 may be implemented within RAN 1104. For example, RAN 1104 may include base stations 1002-1004. Each of base stations 1002-1004 may include transmitter and receiver hardware, such as antennas, antenna elements, cables, physical tower structures, modems, encoders / decoders, networking equipment, computing resources, and other components. The computing resources associated with each base station may include memory and one or more processors that execute an operating system and run applications including programmed instructions. In one specific embodiment, the radar controller 1110 may be implemented within the computing resources of one or more of the base stations 1002-1004.

[0254] The radar controller 1108 (or 1110) may be implemented in the radio access network (RAN), core network (CN) 1102, or elsewhere in a wireless communication system (e.g., cellular communication system 1100). The radar controller 1108 (or 1110) need not be a dedicated server. For example, the radar controller 1108 (or 1110) may be a general-purpose server, a positioning server, a driver assistance server, a tracker server, or another server providing different functionalities. Furthermore, the radar controller 1108 (or 1110) may (but not necessarily) be operated or owned by the network operator. The radar controller 1108 (or 1110) may be a network-independent server (e.g., a third-party server).

[0255] Regardless of its implementation location, the radar controller 1108 (or 1110) can be communicatively coupled to a transmit-receive point (TRP) within RAN 1104, such as base stations 1002 and 1004, via one or more interfaces. These one or more interfaces may include point-to-point interfaces. An example of such a point-to-point interface is an interface implementing the Internet Protocol (IP) communication protocol over a wired network (e.g., a "backhaul" network).

[0256] In this scenario, CN 1102 can be a 5G core node (5G CN), RAN 1104 can be a 3GPP Next Generation Radio Access Network (NG RAN), and each of base stations 1002 and 1004 can be a "gNodeB" or a "gNB".

[0257] Figure 12 An example of a radar configuration parameter list 1200 provided by radar controller 1108 (or 1110) to TX base station 1002 and RX base station 1004 for a bistatic or multistatic radar measurement session according to an embodiment of this disclosure is shown. Here, a radar measurement session may include one or more radar signal transmissions / receptions associated with acquiring range, Doppler, or angle estimates of a target. An example of such a radar measurement session may be a “chirp” sequence of frequency-modulated continuous wave (FMCW) radar signals transmitted by the TX base station and a corresponding response “chirp” sequence of FMCW radar signals received by the RX base station.

[0258] like Figure 12 As shown, the radar configuration parameter list 1200 may include several entries, which may include values ​​for parameters such as radar session ID, TX base station ID, RX base station ID, TX / RX timing parameters, Doppler parameters, radar waveform type, radar signal center frequency, radar signal bandwidth (BW), radar period, radar repetition factor, and linear frequency modulation (LFM) frequency slope. These parameters are given for illustrative purposes, and the entries in the configuration parameter list of any given radar system implemented within a wireless communication system may differ. Figure 12 The example shown.

[0259] Refer again Figure 12 The radar session ID identifies a specific radar measurement session. The TX base station ID identifies a specific base station in the wireless communication system as the transmitter of radar transmitted signals. The RX base station ID identifies a specific base station in the wireless communication system as the receiver of radar echo signals reflected from a target. Figure 12The example shown assumes a basic bistatic radar measurement session using one transmitter and one receiver. For a multistatic radar measurement session, additional transmitter and / or receiver IDs may be included. The TX / RX timing parameters may contain multiple entries and include a sublist (described in more detail in later sections). Links or pointers to the sublists may be provided. Similarly, the Doppler parameters may contain multiple entries and include a sublist (links or pointers to which may be provided). The radar waveform type specifies the waveform type to be used. Different tuple values ​​may correspond to different waveform types. As an example only, the following values ​​and corresponding waveforms are provided:

[0260] “0” = FMCW

[0261] "1" = Positioning Reference Signal (PRS)

[0262] "2" = Single Sideband Modulation (SSB)

[0263] “3” = Tracking Reference Signal (TRS)

[0264] “4” = Demodulation Reference Signal (DMRS)

[0265] “5” = Channel State Information Reference Signal (CSI-RS).

[0266] Various waveforms can be selected. Some waveforms (such as FMCW) can be specifically associated with radar system operation. However, other waveforms (such as PRS, SSB, TRS, DMRS, and CSI-RS) can be associated with wireless system operation. Thus, according to various embodiments of this disclosure, waveforms already existing in the wireless communication system can be opportunistically used as radar signal waveforms.

[0267] The radar controller 1108 (or 1110) can specify one or more parameters associated with a selected reference signal. The reference signal can be defined by selecting a waveform type (such as those listed above). Additionally, the reference signal can be defined by specifying one or more other attributes. For example, radar configuration parameter list 1200 or other configuration parameters can be used to specify such attributes. (Refer to back) Figure 12 The radar signal center frequency specifies the center frequency of the radar's transmitted signal. This is just an example. Figure 12 The example shows a center frequency of 79 GHz. Therefore, the center frequency in this example falls within the spectrum allocated for the wireless communication system 1000 (e.g., within the 5G spectrum, which ranges from 300 MHz to 100 GHz). The center frequency of a radar echo signal may exhibit a Doppler shift far from the radar center frequency. Such Doppler shifts are discussed in more detail in later sections. The radar signal bandwidth (BW) specifies the bandwidth of the transmitted radar signal. This is only an example. Figure 12The example shows a bandwidth of 2 GHz. The radar echo signal is expected to have the same bandwidth. The radar repetition factor specifies the number of times the radar waveform can be repeated in a given radar session (e.g., radar session 12345678). In this example, the waveform is repeated 10 times. The LFM frequency slope specifies the slope or rate of change of the frequency of the linear frequency modulation (LFM) radar waveform. Here, the slope is 100 MHz / μs. One type of LFM waveform is the previously mentioned FMCW waveform.

[0268] In short, Figure 12 The radar session specified herein may utilize an FMCW waveform that forms a “chirp” repeated 10 times for a total duration of 200 μs. Each chirp may have a duration of 20 μs, during which the center frequency of the continuous wave (CW) signal linearly increases from 79 GHz to 81 GHz at a rate of 100 MHz / μs. Even though the CW signal has a very narrow bandwidth, the effective bandwidth of the entire sweep of the FMCW signal will be 2 GHz. These or other characteristics of the reference signal (in this case, the FMCW reference signal) may be specified as one or more parameters provided by the radar controller 1108 (or 1110).

[0269] Various embodiments of this disclosure can utilize the wireless communication system 1000 to estimate certain physical properties in a radar system. For example, the distance L between TX base station 1002 and RX base station 1004 is an important figure, which can be useful in calculating target range RR and other values. Resources available within the wireless communication system 1000 can provide different ways to determine L. One possibility is to use the known locations of TX base station 1002 and RX base station 1004. Such location information can be obtained from an almanac of collected physical descriptions available for use with all base stations within the wireless communication system 1000. Another possibility is to use GNSS (e.g., GPS) reports from base stations such as TX base station 1002 and RX base station 1004. Typically, GNSS reports include the location of the base stations. Using accurate longitude and latitude information available for the base station locations, the distance L between TX base station 1002 and RX base station 1004 can be calculated. Yet another possibility is to use inter-base station positioning signals to achieve location locking of TX base station 1002 and RX base station 1004. For example, positioning signals, such as positioning reference signals (PRS), can be transmitted and received between base stations using positioning technologies suitable for new radio / 5G standards. Such inter-base station positioning signals can be used to determine the positioning lock of TX base station 1002 and RX base station 1004, and the distance L between them can be determined thereby.

[0270] Figure 13Examples of TX / RX timing sublists 1300 according to various embodiments of the present disclosure are shown. In one specific embodiment, the TX / RX timing sublist 1300 may simply be merged into additional entries in the radar configuration parameter list 1200. In another specific embodiment, the TX / RX timing sublist 1300 may be a separate but linked sublist.

[0271] The timing parameters specified in the TX / RX timing sublist 1300 depend on a certain degree of timing synchronization between the TX base station 1002 and the RX base station 1004. This TX / RX timing synchronization is important for many reasons. If the RX base station 1004 begins "listening" precisely at the moment (i.e., shortly before or when the first expected signal (which could be LOS signal 1012 or echo signal 1010) arrives) the performance of the radar system can be greatly improved. If the RX base station 1004 begins listening too early, the system will prematurely activate equipment such as intermediate frequency (IF) receiver hardware, wasting power and computational resources and increasing the probability of false alarms in the radar system. If the RX base station 1004 begins listening too late, the system may miss receiving LOS signal 1012 or echo signal 1010. If the TX base station 1002 and the RX base station 1004 can achieve a certain degree of timing synchronization, then knowing when the transmitted signal 1008 is sent from the TX base station 1002, calculations can be performed to predict the arrival time of the LOS signal 1012 or the echo signal 1010 at the RX base station 1004 (with a certain degree of acceptable uncertainty). In this way, the RX base station 1004 can be controlled to start "listening" at just the right time to reduce unnecessary power and computing resource waste and minimize false alarms, while ensuring that the LOS signal 1012 and the echo signal 1010 are not missed.

[0272] Various aspects of this disclosure advantageously utilize the wireless communication system 1000 to meet the timing synchronization requirements of such radar TX / RX signals. For example, the wireless communication system 1000 may include a 5G system (e.g., system 1100) that guarantees the timing synchronization error between any two base stations will not exceed a certain time interval. By way of example only, the 5G system may utilize orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) signals for data communication and can guarantee that the timing synchronization error between any two base stations will not exceed the duration of the cyclic prefix (CP) of the OFDM signal. The CP is a time guard band that separates consecutive data symbols and provides protection against inter-symbol interference (ISI). For a 60 kHz subcarrier channel, the CP duration can be, for example, 1.69 μs. Thus, in this case, the wireless communication system 1000 can guarantee that the timing error between any two base stations will not exceed 1.69 μs. With such timing synchronization guarantees, radar controller 1108 (or 1110) can more effectively control the timing of when TX base station 1002 sends transmit signal 1008 and when RX base station 204 begins listening to LOS signal 1012 and echo signal 1010.

[0273] Refer back Figure 13 The TX / RX timing sublist 1300 may include (as previously discussed) the radar session ID, TX transmission time, expected reception time, and expected reception time uncertainty. The radar controller 1108 (or 1110) may provide all or relevant portions of the TX / RX timing sublist 1300 to the TX base station 1002 and the RX base station 1004. For example, the radar controller 1108 (or 1110) may provide the TX transmission time to the TX base station 1002, which is specified as 20000.00 μs in this example. In response, the TX base station begins transmitting the transmit signal 1008 at time 20000.00 μs. By way of example only, the value "20000.00 μs" may correspond to the time elapsed since the last "tick" of a periodic reference event / signal used for synchronizing timing across entities within the wireless communication network 1000 (e.g., all base stations and other equipment).

[0274] The radar controller 1108 (or 1110) can also provide the RX base station 1002 with the expected reception time, which is specified as 20133.33 μs in this example. The radar controller 1108 (or 1110) may be able to calculate the expected reception time in different ways. In one embodiment, the expected reception time can be estimated by assuming that the LOS signal 1012 is likely to arrive at the RX base station before the echo signal 1010 (which is a valid assumption in many cases). Given this assumption, the expected reception time can be estimated as the TX transmission time plus the amount of time expected to be taken for the LOS signal 1012 to travel distance L:

[0275] Expected reception time = L / c + TX transmission time (Equation 5)

[0276] The radar controller 1108 (or 1110) may also provide an expected reception time uncertainty, which is specified in this example as a pair of values: [upper bound, lower bound]. The lower bound can simply be a negative number of the network synchronization error. For example only, the network synchronization error could be 1.69 μs. The upper bound can include two components. The first component of the upper bound can correspond to the signal propagation time associated with the maximum possible distance to the detectable target. In one embodiment, such a maximum distance L_Max can be specified as part of the link budget. Thus, the first component of the upper bound can be expressed as L_Max / c = L / c. The second component of the upper bound can simply be a positive number of the network synchronization error, which is specified in this example as 1.69 μs. Accordingly, the expected reception time uncertainty can be expressed as:

[0277] Uncertainty about expected reception time

[0278] =[lower limit, upper limit]

[0279] = [- Network synchronization uncertainty, L_max / c - L / c + Network synchronization error] (Equation 6)

[0280] There can also be flexibility in how these and other configuration parameters are specified and communicated. For example, to specify an upper limit for the expected reception time uncertainty, it may be sufficient for the radar controller 1108 (or 1110) to simply send the value “L_max / c + network synchronization error” to the RX base station 1004 (especially if the term L / c is locally known at the RX base station 1004).

[0281] In response, the RX base station 1004 may begin "listening" (i.e., begin sensing the LOS signal 1012 and the echo signal 1010) within a time window specified by the following formula:

[0282] Expected reception time + Expected reception time uncertainty

[0283] = Expected receiving time + [lower limit, upper limit]

[0284] = [Lc + TX transmission time – network synchronization uncertainty,

[0285] L_max / c + TX transmission time + network synchronization error] (Equation 7)

[0286] The preceding text explained the TX / RX timing parameters for a bistatic radar session (which involves one TX base station and one RX base station). In practice, many such bistatic radar sessions (and multistatic radar sessions) can be specified in a similar manner. For each unique path L (i.e., a unique TX and RX station pair), the radar controller 1108 (or 1110) can specify a different set of TX / RX timing parameters. In a simple multistatic scenario with one transmitter and multiple receivers, the unique pairs can share a common TX base station but have different RX base stations. In such cases, a TX transmission time and multiple sets of expected reception times and expected reception time uncertainties can be specified.

[0287] Figure 14 Examples of Doppler sublists 1400 according to various embodiments of the present disclosure are shown. In one specific embodiment, the Doppler sublist 1400 may simply be merged into additional entries in the radar configuration parameter list 1200. In another specific embodiment, the Doppler sublist 1400 may be a separate but linked sublist.

[0288] The Doppler sublist 1400 is primarily used to estimate Doppler frequency shift and Doppler spread for the benefit of the RX base station 1004. For example... Figure 14 As shown, the Doppler sublist 1400 may include (as previously discussed) the radar session ID, the expected Doppler shift value, and the expected Doppler spread value. The radar controller 1108 (or 1110) typically provides these frequency domain parameters to improve the performance of the RX base station 1004. The target 906 is likely to be moving rapidly, which can introduce a large Doppler shift and / or Doppler spread. By providing the Doppler sublist 1400, the radar controller 1108 (or 1110) can dynamically configure the "expected Doppler shift" and "expected Doppler spread" assumed by the RX base station 1004.

[0289] For example, in capture mode, the Doppler sublist 1400 can specify larger values ​​for the expected Doppler shift and expected Doppler spread. This allows the RX base station 1004 to receive signals over a wider Doppler frequency range, thereby improving the detection rate. This is just an example. Figure 14 The expected Doppler shift value is specified as 80,000 m / s and the expected Doppler spread is specified as 10,000 m / s.

[0290] In contrast, in tracking mode, the Doppler sublist 1400 can specify finer and narrower values. These values ​​can be based on the measurement history already performed. A finer set of Doppler parameters can be focused on a specific target. An instance of the Doppler sublist 1400 can be specified for each target being tracked. Thus, a particular RX base station 1004 can receive multiple Doppler sublists 1400 corresponding to multiple targets.

[0291] Figure 12 , 13 The specific parameters shown in 14 are described for illustrative purposes. Depending on the implementation, some parameters may be deleted or added, and different parameters may be specified simultaneously. Nevertheless, according to various embodiments of this disclosure, the configuration parameters for (such as) TX base stations and / or (such as) RX base stations in a bistatic or multistatic radar system may be provided by the radar controller located within an entity in the wireless communication network, such as the core network (CN) or radio access network (RAN).

[0292] Figure 15 A cellular reference signal resource configuration 1500 for Doppler estimation according to one aspect of this disclosure is explained. Specifically, the cellular reference signal resource configuration 1500 is associated with an observation spanning sixteen (16) 0.5 ms time slots, some of which correspond to downlink “D” time slot format and some of which correspond to special “S” time slot format. Over a span of X ms, the Doppler resolution can be characterized as 1000 / X Hz. Figure 15 In the example, the Doppler resolution is 125 Hz (e.g., X = 8 ms in the case of sixteen 0.5 ms time slots, and 1000 / 8 = 125), and the maximum resolvable Doppler is 2000 Hz (e.g., X = 0.5 ms in the case of a single 0.5 ms time slot, and 1000 / 0.5 = 2000).

[0293] Implementing an RF radar signal that is also used as a reference signal (e.g., DL-PRS, CSI-RS, etc.) can be difficult. For example, a radar signal used for tracking a target may require a relatively long duration per timing or instance (e.g., due to high path loss on the NLOS path to the Rx gNB). In some designs, the radar signal may only be available sporadically (e.g., non-periodicly). In some designs, it may be necessary to track or detect multiple targets, and delay estimation and Doppler estimation may be coupled.

[0294] In terms of time slot configuration, downlink (DL) time slots, uplink (UL) time slots, or flexible (FL) time slots can be used to transmit multistatic radar signals. In some designs, the Tx gNB transmitting multistatic radar signals can use DL time slots, while the Rx gNB receiving and measuring these multistatic radar signals can use UL time slots.

[0295] Figure 16 An interference scenario 1600 in a wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is explained. Figure 16 Similar to Figure 10 In addition to further describing UE 302. Figure 16 Since LOS signal 1012 and echo signal 1010 are being received on the UL time slot, there is a possibility of concurrent interference with UL transmission from UE 302, as shown with respect to UL signal 1605. In this case, UL signal(s) 1605 may increase interference to LOS signal 1012 and / or echo signal 1010 at base station 1004, or both. In some designs, base station 1004 may attempt to avoid scheduling UL signal(s) 1605 to mitigate potential interference.

[0296] Figure 17 Interference scenario 1700 in a wireless communication system according to another embodiment of the present disclosure is explained. Figure 17 Similar to Figure 10 In addition to further describing UE 302. Figure 17 Since LOS signal 1012 and echo signal 1010 are being transmitted on the DL time slot, there is a possibility of concurrent interference to the DL transmission from base stations 1002 and / or 1004, as illustrated with respect to DL signals 1705-1710. In this scenario, DL signals 1705-1710 may increase interference to LOS signal 1012 and / or echo signal 1010 at UE 302, or both. In some designs, base stations 1002 and / or 1004 may attempt to avoid scheduling DL signals 1705-1710 to mitigate potential interference.

[0297] DL-PRS resources can be sent by TRP using various transport schedules (also known as transport modes), such as:

[0298] 2 code elements 4 code elements 6 code elements 12 code elements Comb-2 {0,1} {0,1,0,1} {0,1,0,1,0,1} {0,1,0,1,0,1,0,1,0,1,0,1} Comb-4 not applicable {0,2,1,3} not applicable {0,2,1,3,0,2,1,3,0,2,1,3}} Comb-6 not applicable not applicable {0,3,1,4,2,5} {0,3,1,4,2,5,0,3,1,4,2,5} Comb-12 not applicable not applicable not applicable {0,6,3,9,1,7,4,10,2,8,5,11}

[0299] Table 2: PRS Resource Configuration Examples

[0300] Figures 18A-18H The DL-PRS resource configuration according to various aspects of this disclosure is explained. Figures 18A-18H In the DL-PRS resource configuration, columns represent different symbols, rows represent different subcarriers, and dark boxes represent probed resource elements (symbol-subcarrier combinations) of the TRP. Unprobeged resource elements can be probed by one or more other TRPs.

[0301] Figure 18AThe DL-PRS resource configuration 1802 for comb-2, 2-symbol resources is shown, wherein there is a symbol offset of three symbols in a time slot containing 14 symbols (each with 12 subcarriers). Figure 18B The DL-PRS resource configuration 1804 for comb-4, 4-code resources is shown. Figure 18C The DL-PRS resource configuration 1806 for the comb-6, 6-code resource is shown. Figure 18D The DL-PRS resource configuration 1812 for the comb-12, 12-symbol resource is shown. Figure 18E The DL-PRS resource configuration 1814 for the comb-2, 12-symbol resource is shown. Figure 18F The DL-PRS resource configuration 1816 for the comb-4, 12-symbol resource is shown. Figure 18G The DL-PRS resource configuration 1818 for comb-2, 6-code resources is shown. Figure 18H The DL-PRS resource configuration 1820 for comb-6, 12-code resources is shown. Figures 18A-18H Each transmission mode in the array has at least one probed RE in each of the subcarriers, and is thus a fully interleaved transmission mode. If each DL-PRS resource configuration (or mode) corresponds to a PRS resource, then each PRS resource is a fully interleaved resource. DL-PRS resources can be configured in any DL or FL symbol configured by a higher layer in any time slot. A constant per-resource element energy (EPRE) can be used for all REs of a given DL-PRS resource.

[0302] PRS can include PRS resources, PRS resource sets, or PRS resources of a frequency layer. A DL PRS positioning frequency layer (or simply a frequency layer) is a collection of DL PRS resource sets with common parameters configured by the parameter DL-PRS-PositioningFrequencyLayer (DL-PRS-PositioningFrequencyLayer). Each frequency layer has the same DL-PRS subcarrier spacing (SCS) for both the DL PRS resource sets and DL PRS resources within that frequency layer. Each frequency layer has the same DL PRS cyclic prefix (CP) type for both the DL PRS resource sets and DL PRS resources within that frequency layer. Furthermore, the DL PRS point A parameter defines the frequency of a reference resource block, where DL PRS resources belonging to the same DL PRS resource set have the same point A, and all DL PRS resource sets belonging to the same frequency layer have the same point A. The PRS resource sets of a frequency layer also have the same starting PRB (and center frequency) and the same comb size value.

[0303] As used herein, a positioning session may include multiple PRS instances, each PRS instance comprising a PRS resource set. The PRS resource set, in turn, comprises multiple PRS resources. For example, in some implementations, a positioning session may span approximately 20 seconds, while each PRS instance may span approximately 160 ms. DL PRS resources may be repeated to facilitate Rx beam sweeps across different repetitions, thereby combining coverage-extended gain and / or intra-instance silence. In some designs, the PRS configuration may support several repetition counts (PRS - Resource Repetition Factor) and several time gaps (PRS - Resource Time Gap), as shown in Table 2:

[0304]

[0305] Table 2

[0306] Figure 19 A PRS resource distribution 1900 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is explained. The PRS resource distribution 1900 reflects a DL-PRS resource set having 4 resources, a PRS-ResourceRepetitionFactor of 4, and a PRS-ResourceTimeGap of 1 time slot.

[0307] Figure 20 A PRS resource distribution 2000 according to another embodiment of the present disclosure is explained. The PRS resource distribution 2000 reflects a DL-PRS resource set having 4 resources, a PRS-ResourceRepetitionFactor of 4, and a PRS-ResourceTimeGap of 4 time slots.

[0308] The time interval between the reception of the LOS signal transmitted by Tx and the reception of the target echo can be used to measure distance and R. sum Therefore, small-scale synchronization errors between Tx and Rx do not introduce estimation errors. In classical radar systems, the same / shared transmitted radar signals propagate through the channel. Rx then estimates the ToA difference between the LOS path and the echo path.

[0309] In some situations, using the same radar reference signal to estimate the ToA for both the LOS and the target echo path is not optimal for various reasons. First, a single wide-angle beam can be applied to the radar Tx waveform, which reduces system coverage (e.g., a more focused beam could provide more coverage, but might not travel along both the LOS and echo paths). Second, digital beamforming enables two concurrent beams, one for the LOS direction and one for the transmitter-to-target direction. However, this increases the number of Tx antennas at the gNB for concurrent transmission along both paths (two beams), effectively doubling antenna costs. Third, maintaining two concurrent beams is also possible for millimeter-wave systems using analog beamforming. However, this requires at least two antenna panels for each sector, one for the LOS beam and one for the transmitter-to-target direction, again doubling antenna panel costs.

[0310] Regardless of which symbol is used for transmitting / receiving the target radar waveform, the reference radar signal can be transmitted so that the gNB Rx can determine the "baseline". Figure 9 The term L is used to represent the gNB. The gNB is static and does not require transmitting long signals to learn Doppler information, as is the case when a moving target is being tracked by a target radar waveform. The radar controller is aware of the gNB's location and may therefore require signal transmission / reception to learn a baseline, thereby determining Tx / Rx / network synchronization ambiguity. In some designs, the "baseline" may need to be estimated (or calibrated) over a certain interval, which may depend on the degree of temporal ambiguity and how frequently such ambiguity is changing (e.g., temporal drift).

[0311] One or more aspects of this disclosure relate to the implementation of at least one UL transmission of radar signals from Tx gNB (second base station) to Rx gNB (first base station), which may interfere with at least one radar signal (e.g., such as...). Figure 16 As shown in the diagram, or in combination thereof, the power control parameters(s), or combinations thereof, in some designs, based on the power control parameters(s), allow the RxgNB to perform at least one action to mitigate the impact of the at least one radar signal on the at least one UL transmission, or to mitigate the impact of the at least one UL transmission on the at least one radar signal, or a combination thereof. Such aspects can provide various technical advantages, such as mitigating interference with the radar signals(s), thereby improving target tracking accuracy and coverage, mitigating interference with the UL transmissions(s), thereby improving connection quality and user experience, and so on.

[0312] Figure 21An exemplary communication process 2100 according to various aspects of this disclosure has been described. In one aspect, process 2100 may be performed by a radar controller, as mentioned above, which may be integrated with RAN components (such as BS 304) or core network components or external servers (such as network entity 306). In some designs, the radar controller may be integrated with a first base station or a second base station as described above, in which case any data exchange between the radar controller and the respective base station will correspond to internal data transmission rather than signals transmitted across the network.

[0313] In 2110, the radar controller (e.g., processing system 384 or 394, radar component 388 or 389, etc.) determines a first configuration of the uplink (UL) time-frequency (TF) resource set for receiving at least one radar signal from a first base station (e.g., Rx gNB). In some designs, the at least one radar signal may be transmitted from a second base station (e.g., Tx gNB).

[0314] At 2120, the radar controller (e.g., processing system 384 or 394, radar component 388 or 389, etc.) determines at least one power control parameter associated with the at least one radar signal (e.g., a reference radar signal, one or more target radar signals, etc.), at least one UL transmission that may interfere with the at least one radar signal, or a combination thereof.

[0315] At 2130, the radar controller (e.g., data bus 382, ​​network interface 380 or 390, etc.) transmits a first request to the first base station for a measurement operation associated with the first configuration and the at least one power control parameter.

[0316] Figure 22 An exemplary communication process 2200 according to various aspects of this disclosure has been described. In one aspect, process 2200 may be performed by a first base station (such as BS 304). For example, regarding Figure 22 The first base station described can correspond to the above regarding Figure 21 The first base station described is (e.g., an Rx gNB that receives radar signals from a Tx gNB). In some designs, the radar controller may be integrated with the first base station as described above. In this case, any data exchange between the radar controller and the first base station will correspond to the internal transmission of data, rather than the signals transmitted across the network.

[0317] At 2210, the first base station (e.g., network interface 380, data bus 382, ​​etc.) receives from the radar controller a configuration of the uplink (UL) time-frequency (TF) resource set for the first base station (e.g., Rx gNB) to receive at least one radar signal. In some designs, the at least one radar signal may be transmitted from a second base station (e.g., Tx gNB). In some designs, the configuration received at 2210 corresponds to information regarding... Figure 21 The first configuration described. For this reason, references to the configuration received at 2210 can be used interchangeably with references to the first configuration.

[0318] At 2220, the first base station (e.g., network interface 380, data bus 382, ​​etc.) determines at least one power control parameter associated with the at least one radar signal, at least one UL transmission, or a combination thereof. In some designs, the determination at 2220 may be based on power control parameters received from the radar controller, as described above regarding... Figure 21 As described in 2130. In other designs, power control parameters may be determined in other ways (e.g., predefined in relevant standards, configured by network operators, etc.).

[0319] At 2230, the first base station (e.g., transmitter 354 or 364, radar assembly 388, processing system 384, etc.) performs at least one action based on the at least one power control parameter to mitigate the effect of the at least one radar signal on the at least one UL transmission, or the effect of the at least one UL transmission on the at least one radar signal, or a combination thereof. Various examples of actions that may be performed at 2230 are described in more detail below.

[0320] At 2240, the first base station (e.g., receiver 352 or 362, radar assembly 388, processing system 384, etc.) measures at least one radar signal on the UL TF resource set according to the configuration.

[0321] Reference Figure 21-22 In some designs, the radar controller may also determine a second configuration of the downlink (DL) TF resource set for transmitting the at least one radar signal from the second base station to the first base station, and may transmit a second request to the second base station for a transmission operation associated with the second configuration to the second base station. In other words, the radar controller may coordinate the TF resources at both ends of the radar signal communication. In some designs, similar to the first configuration, the second configuration may be configured on demand, aperiodically, or semi-persistently.

[0322] Reference Figure 21-22 In some designs, at least one power control parameter may include:

[0323] The maximum interference against at least one UL transmission, at least one radar signal, or a combination thereof on the UL TF resource set, or

[0324] • Power levels for at least one UL transmission, at least one radar signal, or a combination thereof on the UL TF resource set, or

[0325] • The relative power level between the at least one radar signal and the at least one UL transmission on the UL TF resource set, or

[0326] • A command used to silence some or all UL transmissions on the UL TF resource set in the time domain or TF domain, or

[0327] • Its combination.

[0328] Reference Figure 21-22 In some designs, the first configuration and / or at least one power control parameter can be configured on demand, non-periodicly, or semi-permanently.

[0329] Reference Figure 21-22 In some designs, the first base station may send an interference measurement report (e.g., associated with at least one radar signal on a UL TF resource set) to the radar controller. The first base station may then determine, based on (or in response to) the interference measurement report, whether to update the first configuration, the at least one power control parameter, or a combination thereof. In some designs, the interference measurement report includes:

[0330] • At least one UL transmitted signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR), received signal strength indicator (RSSI), or reference signal received power (RSRP) (e.g., long-term interference level) on the UL TF resource set, or

[0331] • The difference in SINR, RSSI, or RSRP between the first subset of the UL TF resource set that includes the at least one radar signal and the second subset of the UL TF resource set that does not include the at least one radar signal, or

[0332] • A power clearance report indicating that the available transmit power can be increased to the transmit power level of at least one radar signal (e.g., determining whether to increase or decrease the transmit power), or

[0333] • Recommendations for one or more different resources used for the at least one radar signal, or

[0334] • Its combination.

[0335] Reference Figure 21-22In the interference measurement report, the recommended designs for one or more different resources for at least one radar signal are included, such as time-domain resources, frequency-domain resources, beam resources, or combinations thereof.

[0336] Reference Figure 21-22 In some designs, interference measurement reports may be associated with at least one radar signal or UL TF resource set, or a combination thereof, and may be specific to a symbol set, frequency set, beam direction set, or a combination thereof. In some designs, the association between the interference measurement report and at least one radar signal or UL TF resource set, or a combination thereof, may be implicit or explicit. For example, if only one radar signal is transmitted on only one resource, the radar controller will expect only one measurement report from the first base station; in this case, explicit association can be omitted, and implicit association can be obtained from the transmission of any interference measurement report. In some designs, the interference measurement report may be transmitted by the first base station to the radar controller in response to at least one triggering event. For example, the at least one triggering event may include: the first base station initially receiving a first request (e.g., a new request for receiving radar signals may trigger an interference measurement report for interference calibration), or the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) measured on the ULT-F resource set falling below a SINR threshold (e.g., a configurable threshold that can be adjusted as needed by the radar controller), or receiving an updated configuration for an updated ULT-F resource set (e.g., a new radar signal configuration may trigger an interference measurement report for interference calibration), or a combination thereof.

[0337] Reference Figure 21-22 In some designs, the at least one power control parameter is configured to update at the first base station independently of at least one other power control power determined by the radar controller. For example, power control parameters(s) from the radar controller may be sent to override default (e.g., predefined or network-configured) power control parameters(s).

[0338] Reference Figure 21-22 In some designs, such as those mentioned above, the first base station may have its power control parameters configured by the radar controller or independently of the radar controller.

[0339] Reference Figure 21-22 In some designs, at least one action performed at 2230 may include silencing at least one UL transmission, or modifying (e.g., reducing) the transmit power level of the at least one UL transmission, or transmitting a message to the radar controller requesting modification of the transmit power level of at least one radar signal, or a combination thereof.

[0340] Figure 23 According to respectively Figure 21-22The example implementation of processes 2100-2200 illustrates interference scenario 2300 in a wireless communication system. Interference scenario 2300 is... Figure 16 A modified version of interference scenario 1600, further depicting radar controller 2305. Radar controller 2305 transmits configuration 2310 to TX BS 1002 for DL ​​TF resources used to transmit radar signals(s), and transmits configuration 2315 to RX BS 1004 for UL TF resources used to receive radar signals(s). Figure 23 In the middle, the configuration of 2315 further combines the above regarding Figure 21-22 The power control parameters described herein are transmitted. However, it will be understood that the power control parameters may alternatively be determined by the RX BS 1004 independently of the radar controller 2305, as described above.

[0341] In the detailed description above, it can be seen that different features are grouped together in the examples. This manner of disclosure should not be construed as an intention to have more features than those explicitly mentioned in each clause. Rather, aspects of this disclosure may include fewer features than those of the individual example clauses disclosed. Therefore, the appended clauses should thus be considered as incorporated into this description, where each clause may be a separate example. Although each dependent clause may refer in its respective clause to a specific combination with one of the other clauses, the aspects of that dependent clause are not limited to that specific combination. It will be appreciated that other example clauses may also include combinations of aspects of the dependent clause with the subject matter of any other dependent or independent clause, or any feature combined with other dependent and independent clauses. The aspects disclosed herein expressly include these combinations unless explicitly stated or readily inferred that a particular combination is not intended (e.g., contradictory aspects, such as defining an element as both an insulator and a conductor). Furthermore, it is intended that aspects of a clause may be included in any other independent clause, even if that clause is not directly subordinate to that independent clause.

[0342] Examples of implementations are described in the following numbered clauses:

[0343] Clause 1. A method of operating a radar controller, comprising: determining a first configuration of an uplink (UL) time-frequency (TF) resource set for receiving at least one radar signal by a first base station; determining at least one power control parameter associated with the at least one radar signal, at least one UL transmission that may interfere with the at least one radar signal, or a combination thereof; and transmitting to the first base station a first request for measurement operation associated with the first configuration and the at least one power control parameter.

[0344] Clause 2. The method of Clause 1 further includes: determining a second configuration for a downlink (DL) TF resource set for transmitting the at least one radar signal to a second base station; and transmitting to the second base station a second request for a transmission operation associated with the second configuration to the second base station.

[0345] Clause 3. The method of Clause 2, wherein the second configuration is configured on demand, non-periodicly, or semi-permanently.

[0346] Clause 4. The method of any of Clauses 1 to 3, wherein the at least one power control parameter comprises: the maximum interference on the UL TF resource set for the at least one UL transmission, the at least one radar signal, or a combination thereof; or the power level on the ULT-F resource set for the at least one UL transmission, the at least one radar signal, or a combination thereof; or the relative power level on the UL TF resource set between the at least one radar signal and the at least one UL transmission; or a command for silencing some or all UL transmissions on the UL TF resource set in the time domain or the TF domain; or a combination thereof.

[0347] Clause 5. The method of any of Clauses 1 to 4, wherein the first configuration is configured on demand, non-periodicly, or semi-permanently.

[0348] Clause 6. The method of any of Clauses 1 to 5 further includes: receiving an interference measurement report from a first base station; and determining, based on the interference measurement report, whether to update the first configuration, the at least one power control parameter, or a combination thereof.

[0349] Clause 7. The method of Clause 6, wherein the interference measurement report includes: the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR), received signal strength indicator (RSSI), or reference signal received power (RSRP) of at least one UL transmission on the UL TF resource set; or the difference in SINR, RSSI, or RSRP between a first subset of the UL TF resource set that includes the at least one radar signal and a second subset of the UL TF resource set that does not include the at least one radar signal; or a power clearance report indicating the available transmit power to be increased to the transmit power level of the at least one radar signal; or a recommendation for one or more different resources for the at least one radar signal; or a combination thereof.

[0350] Clause 8. The method as described in Clause 7, wherein the one or more distinct resources include: time-domain resources, frequency-domain resources, beam resources, or combinations thereof.

[0351] Clause 9. The method of any of Clauses 6 to 8, wherein the interference measurement report is associated with the at least one radar signal, or the UL TF resource set, or a combination thereof, and is specific to a symbol set, frequency set, beam direction set, or a combination thereof.

[0352] Clause 10. The method of any of Clauses 6 to 9, wherein the interference measurement report is received in response to at least one triggering event.

[0353] Clause 11. The method of Clause 10, wherein the at least one triggering event comprises: the first base station initially receiving the first request, or the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) measured on the UL TF resource set falling below the SINR threshold, or receiving an updated configuration for the updated UL TF resource set, or a combination thereof.

[0354] Clause 12. The method of any of Clauses 1 to 11, wherein the radar controller corresponds to an access network component, a core network component, a location management function (LMF) component, a component outside the serving network associated with the first base station, or a combination thereof.

[0355] Clause 13. The method of any of Clauses 1 to 12, wherein the at least one power control parameter is configured to update at the first base station independently of at least one other power control power determined by the radar controller.

[0356] Clause 14. A method of operating a first base station, comprising: receiving from a radar controller a configuration of an uplink (UL) time-frequency (TF) resource set for the first base station to receive at least one radar signal; determining at least one power control parameter associated with the at least one radar signal, at least one UL transmission, or a combination thereof; performing at least one action based on the at least one power control parameter to mitigate the effect of the at least one radar signal on the at least one UL transmission, or the effect of the at least one UL transmission on the at least one radar signal, or a combination thereof; and measuring the at least one radar signal on the UL TF resource set according to the configuration.

[0357] Clause 15. The method of Clause 14, wherein the determination includes receiving the at least one power control parameter from the radar controller, or wherein the determination is independent of the radar controller in determining the at least one power control parameter.

[0358] Clause 16. The method of any of Clauses 14 to 15, wherein the at least one action comprises: silencing the at least one UL transmission or modifying the transmit power level of the at least one UL transmission, or transmitting to the radar controller a message requesting modification of the transmit power level of the at least one radar signal, or a combination thereof.

[0359] Clause 17. The method of any of Clauses 14 to 16, wherein the at least one power control parameter comprises: maximum interference on the ULT-F resource set for the at least one UL transmission, the at least one radar signal, or a combination thereof; or power level on the UL TF resource set for the at least one UL transmission, the at least one radar signal, or a combination thereof; or relative power level on the UL TF resource set between the at least one radar signal and the at least one UL transmission; or instructions for silencing some or all UL transmissions on the UL TF resource set in the time domain or TF domain; or a combination thereof.

[0360] Clause 18. The method of any of Clauses 14 to 17, wherein the configuration is configured on demand, non-periodicly, or semi-permanently.

[0361] Clause 19. The method of any of Clauses 14 to 18 further includes: transmitting an interference measurement report to the radar controller.

[0362] Clause 20. The method of Clause 19 further includes: receiving updates from the radar controller regarding the configuration, the at least one power control parameter, or a combination thereof, in response to the interference measurement report.

[0363] Clause 21. The method of any of Clauses 19 to 20, wherein the interference measurement report includes: the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR), received signal strength indicator (RSSI), or reference signal received power (RSRP) of at least one UL transmission on the UL TF resource set; or the difference in SINR, RSSI, or RSRP between a first subset of the UL TF resource set that includes the at least one radar signal and a second subset of the UL TF resource set that does not include the at least one radar signal; or a power clearance report indicating the available transmit power to be increased to the transmit power level of the at least one radar signal; or a recommendation for one or more different resources for the at least one radar signal; or a combination thereof.

[0364] Clause 22. The method of Clause 21, wherein the one or more different resources include: time-domain resources, frequency-domain resources, beam resources, or combinations thereof.

[0365] Clause 23. The method of any of Clauses 20 to 22, wherein the interference measurement report is associated with the at least one radar signal, or the UL TF resource set, or a combination thereof, and is specific to a symbol set, frequency set, beam direction set, or a combination thereof.

[0366] Clause 24. The method of any of Clauses 20 to 23, wherein the interference measurement report is transmitted in response to at least one triggering event.

[0367] Clause 25. The method of Clause 24, wherein the at least one triggering event comprises: the first base station initially receiving a request to measure the at least one radar signal, or receiving an updated configuration for an updated UL TF resource set, or the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) measured on the UL TF resource set falling below a SINR threshold, or a combination thereof.

[0368] Clause 26. The method of Clause 25, wherein the radar controller corresponds to an access network component, a core network component, a location management function (LMF) component, a component outside the serving network associated with the first base station, or a combination thereof.

[0369] Clause 27. The method of any of Clauses 14 to 26, wherein the at least one radar signal is received from a second base station.

[0370] Clause 28. A radar controller comprising: a memory; at least one transceiver; and at least one processor communicatively coupled to the memory and the at least one transceiver, the at least one processor being configured to: determine a first configuration of an uplink (UL) time-frequency (TF) resource set for receiving at least one radar signal by a first base station; determine at least one power control parameter associated with the at least one radar signal, at least one UL transmission that may interfere with the at least one radar signal, or a combination thereof; and transmit a first request to the first base station via the at least one transceiver for a measurement operation associated with the first configuration and the at least one power control parameter.

[0371] Clause 29. The radar controller of Clause 28, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to: determine a second configuration for a downlink (DL) TF resource set for transmitting the at least one radar signal to the second base station; and transmit a second request to the second base station via the at least one transceiver for a transmission operation associated with the second configuration to the second base station.

[0372] Clause 30. A radar controller as described in Clause 29, wherein the second configuration is configured on demand, non-periodicly, or semi-permanently.

[0373] Clause 31. A radar controller as described in any of Clauses 28 to 30, wherein the at least one power control parameter includes: maximum interference on the UL TF resource set for the at least one UL transmission, the at least one radar signal, or a combination thereof; or power level on the UL TF resource set for the at least one UL transmission, the at least one radar signal, or a combination thereof; or relative power level on the UL TF resource set between the at least one radar signal and the at least one UL transmission; or instructions for silencing some or all UL transmissions on the UL TF resource set in the time domain or TF domain; or a combination thereof.

[0374] Clause 32. A radar controller as described in any of Clauses 28 to 31, wherein the first configuration is configured on demand, non-periodicly, or semi-permanently.

[0375] Clause 33. A radar controller as described in any of Clauses 28 to 32, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to: receive an interference measurement report from a first base station via the at least one transceiver; and determine, based on the interference measurement report, whether to update the first configuration, the at least one power control parameter, or a combination thereof.

[0376] Clause 34. A radar controller as described in Clause 33, wherein the interference measurement report includes: the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR), received signal strength indicator (RSSI), or reference signal received power (RSRP) of at least one UL transmission on the UL TF resource set; or the difference in SINR, RSSI, or RSRP between a first subset of the UL TF resource set that includes the at least one radar signal and a second subset of the UL TF resource set that does not include the at least one radar signal; or a power clearance report indicating that the available transmit power can be increased to the transmit power level of the at least one radar signal; or a recommendation for one or more different resources for the at least one radar signal; or a combination thereof.

[0377] Clause 35. A radar controller as described in Clause 34, wherein the one or more distinct resources include: time-domain resources, frequency-domain resources, beam resources, or combinations thereof.

[0378] Clause 36. A radar controller as described in any of Clauses 33 to 35, wherein the interference measurement report is associated with the at least one radar signal, or the UL TF resource set, or a combination thereof, and is specific to a symbol set, frequency set, beam direction set, or a combination thereof.

[0379] Clause 37. A radar controller as described in any of Clauses 33 to 36, wherein the interference measurement report is received in response to at least one triggering event.

[0380] Clause 38. The radar controller of Clause 37, wherein the at least one triggering event includes: the first base station initially receiving the first request, or the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) measured on the UL TF resource set falling below the SINR threshold, or receiving an updated configuration for the updated UL TF resource set, or a combination thereof.

[0381] Clause 39. A radar controller as described in any of Clauses 28 to 38, wherein the radar controller corresponds to an access network component, a core network component, a location management function (LMF) component, a component outside the serving network associated with the first base station, or a combination thereof.

[0382] Clause 40. A radar controller as described in any of Clauses 28 to 39, wherein the at least one power control parameter is configured to update at the first base station independently of at least one other power control power determined by the radar controller.

[0383] Clause 41. A first base station, comprising: a memory; at least one transceiver; and at least one processor communicatively coupled to the memory and the at least one transceiver, the at least one processor being configured to: receive from a radar controller via the at least one transceiver a configuration of an uplink (UL) time-frequency (TF) resource set for the first base station to receive at least one radar signal; determine at least one power control parameter associated with the at least one radar signal, at least one UL transmission, or a combination thereof; perform at least one action based on the at least one power control parameter to mitigate the effect of the at least one radar signal on the at least one UL transmission, or the effect of the at least one UL transmission on the at least one radar signal, or a combination thereof; and measure the at least one radar signal on the UL TF resource set according to the configuration.

[0384] Clause 42. The first base station as in Clause 41, wherein the determination includes receiving the at least one power control parameter from the radar controller, or wherein the determination is independent of the radar controller in determining the at least one power control parameter.

[0385] Clause 43. The first base station of any of Clauses 41 to 42, wherein the at least one action comprises: silencing the at least one UL transmission or modifying the transmit power level of the at least one UL transmission, or transmitting a message requesting modification of the transmit power level of the at least one radar signal to the radar controller via the at least one transceiver, or a combination thereof.

[0386] Clause 44. A first base station as described in any of Clauses 41 to 43, wherein the at least one power control parameter includes: maximum interference on the UL TF resource set for the at least one UL transmission, the at least one radar signal, or a combination thereof; or power level on the UL TF resource set for the at least one UL transmission, the at least one radar signal, or a combination thereof; or relative power level on the UL TF resource set between the at least one radar signal and the at least one UL transmission; or instructions for silencing some or all UL transmissions on the UL TF resource set in the time domain or TF domain; or a combination thereof.

[0387] Clause 45. The first base station of any of Clauses 41 to 44, wherein the configuration is configured on demand, non-periodicly, or semi-persistently.

[0388] Clause 46. The first base station of any of Clauses 41 to 45, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to transmit an interference measurement report to the radar controller via the at least one transceiver.

[0389] Clause 47. The first base station as in Clause 46, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to: receive updates on the configuration, the at least one power control parameter, or a combination thereof from the radar controller via the at least one transceiver in response to the interference measurement report.

[0390] Clause 48. A first base station as described in any of Clauses 46 to 47, wherein the interference measurement report includes: the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR), received signal strength indicator (RSSI), or reference received signal power (RSRP) of at least one UL transmission on the ULT-F resource set; or the difference in SINR, RSSI, or RSRP between a first subset of the UL TF resource set that includes the at least one radar signal and a second subset of the UL TF resource set that does not include the at least one radar signal; or a power clearance report indicating that the available transmit power can be increased to the transmit power level of the at least one radar signal; or a recommendation for one or more different resources for the at least one radar signal; or a combination thereof.

[0391] Clause 49. The first base station as in Clause 48, wherein the one or more distinct resources include: time-domain resources, frequency-domain resources, beam resources, or combinations thereof.

[0392] Clause 50. The first base station of any of Clauses 47 to 49, wherein the interference measurement report is associated with the at least one radar signal, or the UL TF resource set, or a combination thereof, and is specific to a symbol set, frequency set, beam direction set, or a combination thereof.

[0393] Clause 51. The first base station of any of Clauses 47 to 50, wherein the interference measurement report is transmitted in response to at least one triggering event.

[0394] Clause 52. The first base station as described in Clause 51, wherein the at least one triggering event includes: the first base station initially receiving a request to measure the at least one radar signal, or receiving an updated configuration for an updated UL TF resource set, or the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) measured on the UL TF resource set falling below a SINR threshold, or a combination thereof.

[0395] Clause 53. The first base station as described in Clause 52, wherein the radar controller corresponds to an access network component, a core network component, a location management function (LMF) component, a component outside the serving network associated with the first base station, or a combination thereof.

[0396] Clause 54. The first base station of any of Clauses 41 to 53, wherein the at least one radar signal is received from the second base station.

[0397] Clause 55. A radar controller comprising: means for determining a first configuration of an uplink (UL) time-frequency (TF) resource set for a first base station to receive at least one radar signal; means for determining at least one power control parameter associated with the at least one radar signal, at least one UL transmission that may interfere with the at least one radar signal, or a combination thereof; and means for transmitting to the first base station a first request for a measurement operation associated with the first configuration and the at least one power control parameter.

[0398] Clause 56. The radar controller of Clause 55 further includes: means for determining a second configuration of a downlink (DL) TF resource set for transmitting the at least one radar signal to the second base station; and means for transmitting to the second base station a second request for a transmission operation associated with the second configuration to the second base station.

[0399] Clause 57. A radar controller as described in Clause 56, wherein the second configuration is configured on demand, non-periodicly, or semi-permanently.

[0400] Clause 58. A radar controller as described in any of Clauses 55 to 57, wherein the at least one power control parameter includes: maximum interference on the UL TF resource set for the at least one UL transmission, the at least one radar signal, or a combination thereof; or power level on the UL TF resource set for the at least one UL transmission, the at least one radar signal, or a combination thereof; or relative power level on the UL TF resource set between the at least one radar signal and the at least one UL transmission; or instructions for silencing some or all UL transmissions on the UL TF resource set in the time domain or TF domain; or a combination thereof.

[0401] Clause 59. A radar controller as described in any of Clauses 55 to 58, wherein the first configuration is configured on demand, non-periodicly, or semi-permanently.

[0402] Clause 60. The radar controller of any of Clauses 55 to 59 further includes: means for receiving an interference measurement report from a first base station; and means for determining, based on the interference measurement report, whether to update the first configuration, the at least one power control parameter, or a combination thereof.

[0403] Clause 61. A radar controller as described in Clause 60, wherein the interference measurement report includes: the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR), received signal strength indicator (RSSI), or reference signal received power (RSRP) of at least one UL transmission on the UL TF resource set; or the difference in SINR, RSSI, or RSRP between a first subset of the UL TF resource set that includes the at least one radar signal and a second subset of the UL TF resource set that does not include the at least one radar signal; or a power clearance report indicating that the available transmit power can be increased to the transmit power level of the at least one radar signal; or a recommendation for one or more different resources for the at least one radar signal; or a combination thereof.

[0404] Clause 62. A radar controller as described in Clause 61, wherein the one or more distinct resources include: time-domain resources, frequency-domain resources, beam resources, or combinations thereof.

[0405] Clause 63. A radar controller as described in any of Clauses 60 to 62, wherein the interference measurement report is associated with the at least one radar signal, or the UL TF resource set, or a combination thereof, and is specific to a symbol set, frequency set, beam direction set, or a combination thereof.

[0406] Clause 64. A radar controller as described in any of Clauses 60 to 63, wherein the interference measurement report is received in response to at least one triggering event.

[0407] Clause 65. The radar controller of Clause 64, wherein the at least one triggering event includes: the first base station initially receiving the first request, or the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) measured on the UL TF resource set falling below the SINR threshold, or receiving an updated configuration for the updated UL TF resource set, or a combination thereof.

[0408] Clause 66. A radar controller as described in any of Clauses 55 to 65, wherein the radar controller corresponds to an access network component, a core network component, a location management function (LMF) component, a component outside the serving network associated with the first base station, or a combination thereof.

[0409] Clause 67. A radar controller as described in any of Clauses 55 to 66, wherein the at least one power control parameter is configured to update at the first base station independently of at least one other power control power determined by the radar controller.

[0410] Clause 68. A first base station, comprising: means for receiving from a radar controller a configuration of an uplink (UL) time-frequency (TF) resource set for the first base station to receive at least one radar signal; means for determining at least one power control parameter associated with the at least one radar signal, at least one UL transmission, or a combination thereof; means for performing at least one action based on the at least one power control parameter to mitigate the effect of the at least one radar signal on the at least one UL transmission, or the effect of the at least one UL transmission on the at least one radar signal, or a combination thereof; and means for measuring the at least one radar signal on the UL TF resource set according to the configuration.

[0411] Clause 69. The first base station as in Clause 68, wherein the determination includes receiving the at least one power control parameter from the radar controller, or wherein the determination is independent of the radar controller in determining the at least one power control parameter.

[0412] Clause 70. A first base station as described in any of Clauses 68 to 69, wherein the at least one action comprises: means for silencing the at least one UL transmission or modifying the transmit power level of the at least one UL transmission, or means for transmitting to the radar controller a message requesting modification of the transmit power level of the at least one radar signal, or a combination thereof.

[0413] Clause 71. A first base station as described in any of Clauses 68 to 70, wherein the at least one power control parameter includes: maximum interference on the UL TF resource set for the at least one UL transmission, the at least one radar signal, or a combination thereof; or power level on the UL TF resource set for the at least one UL transmission, the at least one radar signal, or a combination thereof; or relative power level on the UL TF resource set between the at least one radar signal and the at least one UL transmission; or instructions for silencing some or all UL transmissions on the UL TF resource set in the time domain or TF domain; or a combination thereof.

[0414] Clause 72. The first base station of any of Clauses 68 to 71, wherein the configuration is configured on demand, non-periodicly, or semi-persistently.

[0415] Clause 73. The first base station, such as any of Clauses 68 to 72, further includes: means for transmitting an interference measurement report to the radar controller.

[0416] Clause 74. The first base station as described in Clause 73 further includes: means for receiving updates from the radar controller regarding the configuration, the at least one power control parameter, or a combination thereof in response to the interference measurement report.

[0417] Clause 75. A first base station as described in any of Clauses 73 to 74, wherein the interference measurement report includes: the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR), received signal strength indicator (RSSI), or reference received signal power (RSRP) of at least one UL transmission on the ULT-F resource set; or the difference in SINR, RSSI, or RSRP between a first subset of the UL TF resource set that includes the at least one radar signal and a second subset of the UL TF resource set that does not include the at least one radar signal; or a power clearance report indicating that the available transmit power can be increased to the transmit power level of the at least one radar signal; or a recommendation for one or more different resources for the at least one radar signal; or a combination thereof.

[0418] Clause 76. The first base station as described in Clause 75, wherein the one or more distinct resources include: time-domain resources, frequency-domain resources, beam resources, or combinations thereof.

[0419] Clause 77. The first base station of any of Clauses 74 to 76, wherein the interference measurement report is associated with the at least one radar signal, or the UL TF resource set, or a combination thereof, and is specific to a symbol set, frequency set, beam direction set, or a combination thereof.

[0420] Clause 78. The first base station of any of Clauses 74 to 77, wherein the interference measurement report is transmitted in response to at least one triggering event.

[0421] Clause 79. The first base station as described in Clause 78, wherein the at least one triggering event includes: the first base station initially receiving a request to measure the at least one radar signal, or receiving an updated configuration for an updated UL TF resource set, or the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) measured on the UL TF resource set falling below a SINR threshold, or a combination thereof.

[0422] Clause 80. The first base station as described in Clause 79, wherein the radar controller corresponds to an access network component, a core network component, a location management function (LMF) component, a component outside the service network associated with the first base station, or a combination thereof.

[0423] Clause 81. The first base station of any of Clauses 68 to 80, wherein the at least one radar signal is received from the second base station.

[0424] Clause 82. A non-transient computer-readable medium storing computer-executable instructions that, when executed by a radar controller, cause the radar controller to: determine a first configuration for an uplink (UL) time-frequency (TF) resource set for receiving at least one radar signal at a first base station; determine at least one power control parameter associated with the at least one radar signal, at least one UL transmission that may interfere with the at least one radar signal, or a combination thereof; and transmit to the first base station a first request for a measurement operation associated with the first configuration and the at least one power control parameter.

[0425] Clause 83. The non-transient computer-readable medium of Clause 82 further includes, when executed by the radar controller, instructions that further cause the radar controller to perform the following operations: determine a second configuration for a downlink (DL) TF resource set for transmitting the at least one radar signal to the second base station; and transmit to the second base station a second request for a transmission operation associated with the second configuration to the second base station.

[0426] Clause 84. A non-transient computer-readable medium as described in Clause 83, wherein the second configuration is configured on demand, non-periodicly, or semi-persistently.

[0427] Clause 85. A non-transient computer-readable medium such as any of Clauses 82 to 84, wherein the at least one power control parameter comprises: maximum interference on the UL TF resource set for the at least one UL transmission, the at least one radar signal, or a combination thereof; or power level on the UL TF resource set for the at least one UL transmission, the at least one radar signal, or a combination thereof; or relative power level on the UL TF resource set between the at least one radar signal and the at least one UL transmission; or instructions for silencing some or all UL transmissions on the UL TF resource set in the time domain or TF domain; or a combination thereof.

[0428] Clause 86. A non-transient computer-readable medium such as any of Clauses 82 to 85, wherein the first configuration is configured on demand, non-periodicly, or semi-persistently.

[0429] Clause 87. A non-transient computer-readable medium such as any of Clauses 82 to 86 further includes, when executed by a radar controller, instructions to further cause the radar controller to perform the following operations: receive an interference measurement report from a first base station; and determine, based on the interference measurement report, whether to update the first configuration, the at least one power control parameter, or a combination thereof.

[0430] Clause 88. A non-transient computer-readable medium as described in Clause 87, wherein the interference measurement report includes: the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR), received signal strength indicator (RSSI), or reference signal received power (RSRP) of at least one UL transmission on the UL TF resource set; or the difference in SINR, RSSI, or RSRP between a first subset of the UL TF resource set that includes the at least one radar signal and a second subset of the UL TF resource set that does not include the at least one radar signal; or a power clearance report indicating that the available transmit power can be increased to the transmit power level of the at least one radar signal; or a recommendation for one or more different resources for the at least one radar signal; or a combination thereof.

[0431] Clause 89. A non-transient computer-readable medium as in Clause 88, wherein the one or more distinct resources include: time-domain resources, frequency-domain resources, beam resources, or combinations thereof.

[0432] Clause 90. A non-transient computer-readable medium such as any of Clauses 87 to 89, wherein the interference measurement report is associated with the at least one radar signal, or the UL TF resource set, or a combination thereof, and is specific to a symbol set, frequency set, beam direction set, or a combination thereof.

[0433] Clause 91. A non-transient computer-readable medium such as any of Clauses 87 to 90, wherein the interference measurement report is received in response to at least one triggering event.

[0434] Clause 92. A non-transient computer-readable medium as described in Clause 91, wherein the at least one triggering event comprises: the first base station initially receiving the first request, or the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) measured on the UL TF resource set falling below the SINR threshold, or receiving an updated configuration for the updated UL TF resource set, or a combination thereof.

[0435] Clause 93. A non-transient computer-readable medium such as any of Clauses 82 to 92, wherein the radar controller corresponds to an access network component, a core network component, a location management function (LMF) component, a component outside the serving network associated with the first base station, or a combination thereof.

[0436] Clause 94. A non-transient computer-readable medium such as any of Clauses 82 to 93, wherein the at least one power control parameter is configured to update at a first base station independently of at least one other power control power determined by the radar controller.

[0437] Clause 95. A non-transient computer-readable medium storing computer-executable instructions that, when executed by a first base station, cause the first base station to: receive from a radar controller a configuration of an uplink (UL) time-frequency (TF) resource set for receiving at least one radar signal by the first base station; determine at least one power control parameter associated with the at least one radar signal, at least one UL transmission, or a combination thereof; perform at least one action based on the at least one power control parameter to mitigate the effect of the at least one radar signal on the at least one UL transmission, or the effect of the at least one UL transmission on the at least one radar signal, or a combination thereof; and measure the at least one radar signal on the UL TF resource set according to the configuration.

[0438] Clause 96. A non-transient computer-readable medium as described in Clause 95, wherein the determination includes receiving the at least one power control parameter from the radar controller, or wherein the determination is made independently of the radar controller to determine the at least one power control parameter.

[0439] Clause 97. A non-transient computer-readable medium such as any of Clauses 95 to 96, wherein the at least one action comprises: silencing the at least one UL transmission or modifying the transmit power level of the at least one UL transmission, or transmitting to the radar controller a message requesting modification of the transmit power level of the at least one radar signal, or a combination thereof.

[0440] Clause 98. A non-transient computer-readable medium such as any of Clauses 95 to 97, wherein the at least one power control parameter comprises: maximum interference on the UL TF resource set for the at least one UL transmission, the at least one radar signal, or a combination thereof; or power level on the UL TF resource set for the at least one UL transmission, the at least one radar signal, or a combination thereof; or relative power level on the UL TF resource set between the at least one radar signal and the at least one UL transmission; or instructions for silencing some or all UL transmissions on the UL TF resource set in the time domain or TF domain; or a combination thereof.

[0441] Clause 99. A non-transient computer-readable medium such as any of Clauses 95 to 98, wherein the configuration is configured on demand, non-periodicly, or semi-persistently.

[0442] Clause 100. A non-transient computer-readable medium as described in any of Clauses 95 to 99 further includes instructions, when executed by the first base station, to further cause the first base station to perform the following operation: transmit an interference measurement report to the radar controller.

[0443] Clause 101. The non-transient computer-readable medium of Clause 100 further includes, when executed by the first base station, instructions to further cause the first base station to perform the following operations: receive from the radar controller an update on the configuration, the at least one power control parameter, or a combination thereof in response to the interference measurement report.

[0444] Clause 102. A non-transient computer-readable medium as described in any of Clauses 100 to 101, wherein the interference measurement report includes: a signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR), received signal strength indicator (RSSI), or reference signal received power (RSRP) of at least one UL transmission on the UL TF resource set; or a difference in SINR, RSSI, or RSRP between a first subset of the UL TF resource set that includes the at least one radar signal and a second subset of the UL TF resource set that does not include the at least one radar signal; or a power clearance report indicating the available transmit power to be increased to the transmit power level of the at least one radar signal; or a recommendation for one or more different resources for the at least one radar signal; or a combination thereof.

[0445] Clause 103. A non-transient computer-readable medium as described in Clause 102, wherein the one or more distinct resources include: time-domain resources, frequency-domain resources, beam resources, or combinations thereof.

[0446] Clause 104. A non-transient computer-readable medium such as any of Clauses 101 to 103, wherein the interference measurement report is associated with the at least one radar signal, or the UL TF resource set, or a combination thereof, and is specific to a symbol set, frequency set, beam direction set, or a combination thereof.

[0447] Clause 105. A non-transient computer-readable medium such as any of Clauses 101 to 104, wherein the interference measurement report is transmitted in response to at least one triggering event.

[0448] Clause 106. A non-transient computer-readable medium as described in Clause 105, wherein the at least one triggering event includes: the first base station initially receiving a request to measure the at least one radar signal, or receiving an updated configuration for an updated UL TF resource set, or the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) measured on the UL TF resource set falling below a SINR threshold, or a combination thereof.

[0449] Clause 107. A non-transient computer-readable medium as described in Clause 106, wherein the radar controller corresponds to an access network component, a core network component, a location management function (LMF) component, a component outside the serving network associated with the first base station, or a combination thereof.

[0450] Clause 108. A non-transient computer-readable medium such as any of Clauses 95 to 107, wherein the at least one radar signal is received from a second base station.

[0451] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that information and signals can be represented using any of a variety of different techniques and skills. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, and chips that may be referred to throughout the above description can be represented by voltage, current, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or magnetic particles, light fields or light particles, or any combination thereof.

[0452] Furthermore, those skilled in the art will appreciate that the various illustrative logic blocks, modules, circuits, and algorithmic steps described in connection with the aspects disclosed herein can be implemented as electronic hardware, computer software, or a combination of both. To clearly illustrate this interchangeability between hardware and software, the various illustrative components, blocks, modules, circuits, and steps are described above in a generalized manner in terms of their functionality. Whether such functionality is implemented as hardware or software depends on the specific application and the design constraints imposed on the overall system. Those skilled in the art may implement the described functionality in different ways for each specific application, but such implementation decisions should not be construed as departing from the scope of this disclosure.

[0453] The various illustrative logic blocks, modules, and circuits described in conjunction with the aspects disclosed herein can be implemented or executed using a general-purpose processor, DSP, ASIC, FPGA, or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described herein. The general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor, but in alternatives, it may be any conventional processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine. The processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices, such as a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, multiple microprocessors, one or more microprocessors cooperating with a DSP core, or any other such configuration.

[0454] The methods, sequences, and / or algorithms described in conjunction with the aspects disclosed herein may be embodied directly in hardware, in a software module executed by a processor, or in a combination of both. The software module may reside in random access memory (RAM), flash memory, read-only memory (ROM), erasable programmable ROM (EPROM), electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM), registers, hard disks, removable disks, CD-ROMs, or any other form of storage medium known in the art. An exemplary storage medium is coupled to the processor so that the processor can read / write information from / to the storage medium. In an alternative, the storage medium may be integrated into the processor. The processor and storage medium may reside in an ASIC. The ASIC may reside in a user terminal (e.g., a UE). In an alternative, the processor and storage medium may reside as discrete components in the user terminal.

[0455] In one or more exemplary aspects, the described functionality may be implemented in hardware, software, firmware, or any combination thereof. If implemented in software, the functionality may be stored or transmitted as one or more instructions or codes on or through a computer-readable medium. A computer-readable medium includes both computer storage media and communication media, including any medium that facilitates the transfer of a computer program from one location to another. A storage medium may be any available medium accessible to a computer. By way of example and not limitation, such computer-readable media may include RAM, ROM, EEPROM, CD-ROM or other optical disc storage, disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other medium that can be used to carry or store desired program code in the form of instructions or data structures and is accessible to a computer. Similarly, any connection is also legitimately referred to as a computer-readable medium. For example, if software is transmitted from a website, server, or other remote source using coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, digital subscriber line (DSL), or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio, and microwave, then such coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, DSL, or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio, and microwave are included in the definition of medium. As used in this article, disks and discs include compact discs (CDs), laser discs, optical discs, digital multi-purpose discs (DVDs), floppy disks, and Blu-ray discs. Disks typically reproduce data magnetically, while discs reproduce data optically using lasers. Combinations of these should also be included within the scope of computer-readable media.

[0456] While the foregoing disclosure has illustrated illustrative aspects of this disclosure, it should be noted that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the scope of this disclosure as defined by the appended claims. The functions, steps, and / or actions in the method claims according to the aspects of this disclosure described herein need not be performed in any particular order. Furthermore, although elements of this disclosure may be described or claimed in the singular, pluralism is also contemplated unless explicitly stated to be limited to the singular.

Claims

1. A method for operating a radar controller, comprising: Determine a first configuration for the uplink (UL) time-frequency (TF) resource set for the first base station to receive at least one radar signal; Determine at least one power control parameter associated with the at least one radar signal, at least one UL transmission that may interfere with the at least one radar signal, or a combination thereof, wherein the at least one power control parameter is used to enable the first base station to perform at least one action to mitigate the impact of the at least one radar signal on the at least one UL transmission, or the impact of the at least one UL transmission on the at least one radar signal, or a combination thereof; as well as A first request for a measurement operation associated with the first configuration and the at least one power control parameter is transmitted to the first base station.

2. The method of claim 1, further comprising: Determine a second configuration for the downlink (DL) TF resource set for transmitting the at least one radar signal to the second base station; as well as A second request is transmitted to the second base station for a transmission operation associated with the second configuration to the second base station.

3. The method of claim 2, wherein the second configuration is configured on demand, non-periodicly, or semi-persistently.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein the at least one power control parameter includes: The maximum interference on the UL TF resource set for the at least one UL transmission, the at least one radar signal, or a combination thereof, or The power levels of the UL TF resource set for the at least one UL transmission, the at least one radar signal, or a combination thereof, or The relative power level between the at least one radar signal and the at least one UL transmission on the UL TF resource set, or Instructions used to silence some or all UL transmissions on the UL TF resource set in the time domain or TF domain, or Its combination.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein the first configuration is configured on demand, non-periodicly, or semi-persistently.

6. The method of claim 1, further comprising: Receive interference measurement reports from the first base station; as well as The interference measurement report is used to determine whether to update the first configuration, the at least one power control parameter, or a combination thereof.

7. The method of claim 6, wherein the interference measurement report comprises: The signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR), received signal strength indicator (RSSI), or reference received signal power (RSRP) of at least one UL transmission on the UL TF resource set, or The difference in SINR, RSSI, or RSRP between the first subset of the at least one radar signal included in the UL TF resource set and the second subset of the UL TF resource set that does not include the at least one radar signal, or A power clearance report indicating that the available transmit power can be increased to the transmit power level of the at least one radar signal, or Recommendations for one or more different resources used for the at least one radar signal, or Its combination.

8. The method of claim 7, wherein the one or more different resources comprise: Time-domain resources, frequency-domain resources, beam resources, or combinations thereof.

9. The method of claim 6, wherein the interference measurement report is associated with the at least one radar signal, or the UL TF resource set, or a combination thereof, and the interference measurement report is for a symbol set, a frequency set, a beam direction set, or a combination thereof.

10. The method of claim 6, wherein the interference measurement report is received in response to at least one triggering event.

11. The method of claim 10, wherein the at least one triggering event comprises: The first base station initially receives the first request, or The signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) measured on the UL TF resource set drops below the SINR threshold, or Received updated configuration for the updated UL TF resource set, or Its combination.

12. The method of claim 1, wherein the radar controller corresponds to an access network component, a core network component, a location management function (LMF) component, a component outside the serving network associated with the first base station, or a combination thereof.

13. The method of claim 1, wherein the at least one power control parameter is configured to update at the first base station at at least one other power control power determined by the radar controller, independent of the power control power determined by the radar controller.

14. A method of operating a first base station, comprising: Receive configuration from the radar controller for the uplink (UL) time-frequency (TF) resource set for the first base station to receive at least one radar signal; Determine at least one power control parameter associated with the at least one radar signal, at least one UL transmission, or a combination thereof; Perform at least one action based on the at least one power control parameter to mitigate the effect of the at least one radar signal on the at least one UL transmission, or the effect of the at least one UL transmission on the at least one radar signal, or a combination thereof; as well as The configuration is used to measure at least one radar signal on the UL TF resource set.

15. The method as described in claim 14, The determination includes receiving the at least one power control parameter from the radar controller, or The determination of the at least one power control parameter is independent of the radar controller.

16. The method of claim 14, wherein the at least one action comprises: To silence the at least one UL transmission or modify the transmit power level of the at least one UL transmission, or Send a message to the radar controller requesting a modification to the transmit power level of the at least one radar signal, or Its combination.

17. The method of claim 14, wherein the at least one power control parameter comprises: The maximum interference on the UL TF resource set for the at least one UL transmission, the at least one radar signal, or a combination thereof, or The power levels of the UL TF resource set for the at least one UL transmission, the at least one radar signal, or a combination thereof, or The relative power level between the at least one radar signal and the at least one UL transmission on the UL TF resource set, or Instructions used to silence some or all UL transmissions on the UL TF resource set in the time domain or TF domain, or Its combination.

18. The method of claim 14, wherein the configuration is configured on demand, non-periodicly, or semi-persistently.

19. The method of claim 14, further comprising: The interference measurement report is transmitted to the radar controller.

20. The method of claim 19, further comprising: In response to the interference measurement report, the radar controller receives updates to the configuration, the at least one power control parameter, or a combination thereof.

21. The method of claim 19, wherein the interference measurement report comprises: The signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR), received signal strength indicator (RSSI), or reference received signal power (RSRP) of at least one UL transmission on the UL TF resource set, or The difference in SINR, RSSI, or RSRP between the first subset of the at least one radar signal included in the UL TF resource set and the second subset of the UL TF resource set that does not include the at least one radar signal, or A power clearance report indicating that the available transmit power can be increased to the transmit power level of the at least one radar signal, or Recommendations for one or more different resources used for the at least one radar signal, or Its combination.

22. The method of claim 21, wherein the one or more different resources comprise: Time-domain resources, frequency-domain resources, beam resources, or combinations thereof.

23. The method of claim 19, wherein the interference measurement report is associated with the at least one radar signal, or the UL TF resource set, or a combination thereof, and the interference measurement report is for a symbol set, a frequency set, a beam direction set, or a combination thereof.

24. The method of claim 19, wherein the interference measurement report is transmitted in response to at least one triggering event.

25. The method of claim 24, wherein the at least one triggering event comprises: The first base station initially receives a request to measure the at least one radar signal, or Received updated configuration for the updated UL TF resource set, or The signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) measured on the UL TF resource set drops below the SINR threshold, or Its combination.

26. The method of claim 25, wherein the radar controller corresponds to an access network component, a core network component, a location management function (LMF) component, a component outside the serving network associated with the first base station, or a combination thereof.

27. The method of claim 14, wherein the at least one radar signal is received from the second base station.

28. A radar controller, comprising: Memory; At least one transceiver; as well as At least one processor communicatively coupled to the memory and the at least one transceiver, the at least one processor being configured to: Determine a first configuration for the uplink (UL) time-frequency (TF) resource set for the first base station to receive at least one radar signal; Determine at least one power control parameter associated with the at least one radar signal, at least one UL transmission that may interfere with the at least one radar signal, or a combination thereof, wherein the at least one power control parameter is used to enable the first base station to perform at least one action to mitigate the impact of the at least one radar signal on the at least one UL transmission, or the impact of the at least one UL transmission on the at least one radar signal, or a combination thereof; as well as A first request for a measurement operation associated with the first configuration and the at least one power control parameter is transmitted to the first base station via the at least one transceiver.

29. The radar controller of claim 28, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to: Determine a second configuration for the downlink (DL) TF resource set used by the second base station to transmit the at least one radar signal; and A second request for a transmission operation associated with the second configuration to the second base station is transmitted to the second base station via the at least one transceiver.

30. The radar controller of claim 28, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to perform any one of the methods of claims 3-13.

31. A base station, comprising: Memory; At least one transceiver; as well as At least one processor communicatively coupled to the memory and the at least one transceiver, the at least one processor being configured to: The configuration of the uplink (UL) time-frequency (TF) resource set for the base station to receive at least one radar signal is received from the radar controller via the at least one transceiver. Determine at least one power control parameter associated with the at least one radar signal, at least one UL transmission, or a combination thereof; Perform at least one action based on the at least one power control parameter to mitigate the effect of the at least one radar signal on the at least one UL transmission, or the effect of the at least one UL transmission on the at least one radar signal, or a combination thereof; as well as The configuration is used to measure at least one radar signal on the UL TF resource set.

32. The base station of claim 31, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to perform any one of the methods of claims 15-27.

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