A method for stabilizing a broken slope surface by using a water-collecting root system with suitable plants

Abstract

This invention provides a method for stabilizing fractured slopes using suitable plants in conjunction with a water-collecting and root-guiding system. The invention specifically includes the following steps: Step 1, placing seed source packages; placing the seed source packages in the depressions of the fractured slope; Step 2, planting suitable plants; digging multiple planting holes on both sides of the fractured slope, planting shrubs and vines at intervals, while vertically placing root-guiding tubes around the root system; constructing water collection pits on the planting holes, with the pits built on a reverse slope, and setting up a water-retaining weir near the base of the plants within the water collection pit; covering the ground around the plant base and the water-retaining weir with non-woven fabric, and burying the ends of the root-guiding tubes in the non-woven fabric; Step 3, assembling the slope stabilization system; a slow-seepage pipe is installed between the water collection pit and the seed source package, and the seed source package is fixed to the depression on the fractured slope by the pulling action of the slow-seepage pipe. Compared with existing technologies, this invention significantly improves slope stabilization effect, has strong continuity, is easy to operate, has high safety, improves rainfall utilization, and reduces input costs.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of broken slope restoration, specifically to a method for stabilizing broken slopes using suitable plants in conjunction with a water-collecting and root-guiding system. Background Technology

[0002] In the rocky and soil-rocky mountainous areas of northern China, numerous fractured slopes are distributed due to mining, natural landslides, and other factors. These slopes have poor stability and sparse vegetation, making them susceptible to soil erosion, rockfalls, and landslides during the rainy season. Furthermore, the ecological environment of the adjacent areas below is also damaged. Due to the large number and wide distribution of these slopes, inconvenient transportation in mountainous areas, and difficulties in mechanical construction, only fractured slopes near roads, rivers, and residential areas that pose significant safety hazards have been treated, primarily through engineering projects. The majority of other slopes remain untreated, becoming potential sources of danger. Therefore, the treatment of fractured slopes has become a matter of widespread public concern. Currently, there are two main approaches to fractured slope treatment: engineering treatment and ecological restoration.

[0003] Engineering remediation involves using engineering measures to clean up and restore broken slopes. These measures include removing loose and unstable rock masses and potentially unstable blocks, cutting steep slopes, systematic anchoring, and adding protective netting to reinforce the slope. Then, ecological restoration is combined to restore vegetation cover. However, this approach faces challenges such as high construction difficulty, high investment costs, and difficulty in guaranteeing durability and restoration effectiveness.

[0004] The key to ecological restoration is to first clarify the goals of ecological restoration, conduct a comprehensive survey of soil and environmental conditions, determine the methods of vegetation planting, and then formulate a reasonable and scientific ecological restoration plan to improve the effectiveness of ecological restoration. Ultimately, this will improve the soil, vegetation, and biological conditions of the broken slope, restore the ecological function of the broken slope, and promote the sustainable development of vegetation. In practice, there are various measures, and the actual effects are not the same. Some measures have invested a lot but have poor actual results and sustainability.

[0005] Therefore, a simple, cost-effective, safe and reliable slope stabilization method has become an urgent problem to be solved. Summary of the Invention

[0006] Based on the above problems, a method for stabilizing broken slopes by combining suitable plants with a water-collecting and root-guiding system is proposed. The water-collecting and root-guiding system guides the roots of suitable plants to grow downwards, thereby stabilizing the broken slopes. The suitable plants include creeping plants, vines, and shrubs.

[0007] Before implementing this method, calculate the amount of work based on the actual area to be covered and prepare sufficient raw materials in advance.

[0008] The method specifically includes the following steps:

[0009] Step 1: Deploy seed source packages;

[0010] The seed source packets were placed in the depressions on the broken slope.

[0011] Preferably, a relatively flat slope of 15-20m formed by finely crushed soil and rocks. 2 Set up one seed source package; 10m slope formed by larger soil and rocks. 2 One seed source bag is placed on each side; the seed source bags form "green islands" on the broken slope, and the green coverage is achieved from point to area as the seeds are scattered and spread.

[0012] Step two, plant suitable plants;

[0013] Dig multiple planting holes on both sides of the broken slope and plant shrubs and vines at intervals. At the same time, place the root canals vertically around the root system. Build a water collection pit on the basis of the planting holes, with the base of the plant in the concave part of the water collection pit. Build a 2-3 meter water retaining wall on both sides of the water collection pit along the contour lines. The water collection pit is built on the reverse slope, specifically by building a fence on the slope, with the fence on the lower slope higher than the edge of the upper water collection pit. Cover the ground at the base of the plant and the water retaining wall with non-woven fabric, and bury the ends of the root canals in the non-woven fabric.

[0014] Preferably, shrubs should be deep-rooted varieties with large root crowns, such as: Juniperus sabina, Caragana korshinskii, Amorpha fruticosa, Hippophae rhamnoides, Tamarix chinensis, Vitex negundo, and Hazelnut arborescens; vines should be perennial vines, such as: Virginia creeper, Kudzu vine, Salix babylonica, Vitis vinifera, Actinidia arguta, Wisteria sieboldii, Clematis chinensis, Lonicera japonica, Euonymus fortunei, and Campsis grandiflora; it should be noted that Salix babylonica is more suitable for the southern mountainous area of ​​the Taihang Mountains.

[0015] Preferably, the planting hole dimensions are 40cm × 40cm × 60cm (length × width × depth), and the soil should not be buried more than 5cm below the original soil mark at the base of the plant during planting.

[0016] Step 3: Establish a slope stabilization system;

[0017] A slow-seepage pipe is installed between the water collection pit and the seed source pack. The seed source pack is fixed in the pit on the broken slope by the pulling action of the slow-seepage pipe.

[0018] The seed source package includes: a mesh bag, a substrate, and seeds; the substrate is filled into the mesh bag to make a substrate package, and the seeds are sown in the substrate package to make a seed source package; the substrate includes compound fertilizer, well-rotted organic matter, vermiculite, and a water-retaining agent; the seeds are seeds of vine plants, the volume ratio of well-rotted organic matter to vermiculite is 1:4, the total mass of compound fertilizer accounts for 2%, and the total mass of water-retaining agent accounts for 5%.

[0019] Preferably, the decomposed organic matter is decomposed straw, and the organic matter content of the decomposed straw is ≥45%;

[0020] Preferably, the compound fertilizer is a 15-15-15 compound fertilizer, and the water-retaining agent is a highly absorbent resin polymerized in one step from corn starch and acrylic acid as the main raw materials.

[0021] The preferred sowing method is to use a hole puncher to press the holes for sowing, with the substrate covering the seeds to a depth of about 5cm. Water should be applied promptly after sowing. Sowing seeds that have undergone pre-germination treatment can better improve the survival rate.

[0022] Preferably, the mesh bag is a biodegradable mesh bag; 4-8 seeds are sown on the seed source bag; the seed source bag has a volume of 50cm×25cm×25cm and a dry weight of 2-3kg; the seeds can be selected from plants such as morning glory, milkweed, yam, and trichosanthes.

[0023] The two ends of the slow-seepage pipe are buried on the non-woven fabric of the water collection pit on both sides of the slope. It is the highest point of the entire pipeline. The slow-seepage pipe and the seed source bag are relatively fixed. In this way, the rainwater collected in the water collection pit can be directed into the seed source bag for seed germination and growth.

[0024] The slow-seepage pipe includes: slow-seepage nails and a pipe body;

[0025] The tube is open at both ends and a filter screen is installed at the opening; the tube has a through hole at the corresponding position of the seed source package, and a slow-seepage nail is inserted into the through hole on the tube to make a slow-seepage tube.

[0026] The seepage-reducing nail includes a nail head and a seepage-reducing nail tube body;

[0027] The nail cap is installed at the top of the slow-seepage nail tube body, and the part of the slow-seepage nail tube body inside the tube body has a through hole;

[0028] When the slow-seepage pipe passes through the inside of the seed source bag, the mesh bag fits snugly against the pipe. The slow-seepage nail fixes the pipe to the seed source bag through the through hole. The mesh bag presses down the slow-seepage nail cap. After water is poured into the plastic pipe, the effect of slow-seepage watering can be achieved.

[0029] Preferably, one slow-seeping pipe can connect multiple seed source bags, or a tee can be connected to the slow-seeping pipe to increase the water conveyance path. One end of the slow-seeping pipe in the seed source bag should be sealed.

[0030] The root canal includes a root canal body and a filter screen.

[0031] The top of the root canal is the water inlet and the bottom is the water outlet. The filter screen is inserted into the root canal body. One end of the filter screen is higher than the water inlet of the root canal body and extends beyond the non-woven fabric. This can overcome the impact of bottom siltation on water permeability. Even if there is some siltation at the bottom, water can still enter through the upper filter screen.

[0032] Preferably, several evenly distributed extravasation holes are drilled near the bottom of the endovascular tube, and the extravasation holes are not on the same plane;

[0033] Preferably, the filter screen can be made of materials such as nylon, plastic, non-woven fabric, or wire mesh;

[0034] A better approach is to install a short filter screen on the upper part of the root canal, and place fertilizer or soil conditioner packaged in a mesh sleeve at the lower part. Use the upper filter screen to allow water to enter, dilute and disperse the fertilizer, etc., to induce root growth to move closer together.

[0035] Preferably, the fertilizer is 15-15-15 compound fertilizer or humic acid fertilizer, etc.

[0036] More preferably, the fulvic acid fertilizer is a fulvic acid water-soluble fertilizer produced by Shandong Quanlin Jiayou Fertilizer Co., Ltd., specifically Jiayou Wujin Liquid, packaged in 10kg containers, with an effective ingredient of fulvic acid ≥260g / L;

[0037] Soil conditioners preferably include compound EM bacterial agents, and more preferably granular EM white powder, which is mainly composed of various beneficial microorganisms from five major categories of microorganisms: lactic acid bacteria, yeast, photosynthetic bacteria, Gram-positive actinomycetes, and filamentous fungi of fermentation systems.

[0038] Preferably, straw and branches can be scattered near the vines or seed packs along the direction of branch growth. This can reduce the slope temperature and induce the vines to twine and grow, ultimately achieving the purpose of covering and stabilizing the slope with living plants.

[0039] This method also includes post-management and maintenance steps.

[0040] After planting, watering management should be carried out according to the climate and growth conditions. Water can be poured into the water collection pit, and the water can seep into the deep layer through the root guide tube, guiding the roots to grow downward, enhancing the soil fixation ability and resistance; the slow seepage tube can supplement the seed source bag with water to maintain the normal growth of herbaceous plants.

[0041] If you find that the filter screen is clogged with sediment and sand, affecting the water delivery effect, you can pull out the filter screen, clean it, and then reinstall it or replace it with a new filter screen.

[0042] The present invention has the following effects:

[0043] (1) The water collection pit is constructed with a reverse slope, that is, the outside is high and the inside is low, which is conducive to the flow of the upper runoff into the roots of the plants and to make full use of the rainfall to promote the survival of cultivated species; the base of the plant and the outer water retaining weir are covered with non-woven fabric to reduce evaporation and soil erosion; rainwater or irrigation water is guided to the deep soil layer for storage through the root guide tubes pre-buried in the roots, which is conducive to prolonging the effective action time of water and reducing soil erosion, inducing the plant roots to develop into the deep layer, improving the drought resistance and soil stabilization capacity of seedlings, and mitigating the adverse effects of uneven rainfall distribution.

[0044] (2) By collecting rainwater on both sides to irrigate the planted shrubs, vines, and seed bags, the water supply to the plants is increased, and the erosion of the soil below by water from the broken slope is reduced, thus maintaining the stability of the gravel. Plant fixation replaces engineering fixation, and the addition of rainwater collection and utilization measures compared to ecological restoration significantly improves the slope stabilization effect;

[0045] (3) Most of the selected suitable plants are native species with good adaptability. They can reproduce naturally and resist the effects of adverse climate and grow for many years. In particular, the seeds that fall to the bottom of the gravel can stabilize the gravel.

[0046] (4) The required materials are low in cost, easy to purchase, process and transport, and the construction operation is convenient, saving time and effort;

[0047] (5) Relying on simple manual operation, the lightweight seed source pack can be dragged to a suitable position using a slow-seepage pipe, avoiding frequent walking and operation on the broken slope and ensuring safety.

[0048] (6) Improve rainfall utilization rate. During the rainy season, rainwater is diverted to deep soil for storage, which is conducive to improving rainfall utilization rate and reducing maintenance costs.

[0049] (7) Simple maintenance in the later stage. Watering in the water collection pit can deliver water to the seed source bag and deep soil, reducing the workload. In addition, the root guide tube can be replaced with fertilizer or soil conditioner to guide root growth. If the filter screen is clogged, a section can be pulled up and the unclogged part can be used. Alternatively, it can be cleaned and then reinstalled. Attached Figure Description

[0050] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on the provided drawings without creative effort.

[0051] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the overall structure and layout of the water collection and drainage root system and the fractured surface;

[0052] Figure 2 Diagram showing the location of root canals and suitable plants;

[0053] Figure 3 Diagram of the root canal structure;

[0054] Figure 4 This is a structural diagram of a seepage-reducing nail;

[0055] Figure 5 This is a diagram showing the installation of a slow-seepage pipe structure.

[0056] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the water collection pit structure. Detailed Implementation

[0057] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0058] Example 1

[0059] Combination Figure 1 Select a broken slope 13, which contains several stones 14 of varying sizes.

[0060] Root canal 03 was prepared as follows:

[0061] Combination Figure 3 Cut a 60cm long and 2cm diameter anti-aging PE plastic pipe, and drill four evenly distributed 0.5cm diameter external leakage holes 07 at 20cm from the bottom. The external leakage holes 07 are not on the same plane. Then insert a 70cm filter screen 05. The filter screen 05 is made of nylon material. The filter screen 05 is flush with the bottom of the plastic pipe and the top of the filter screen is 10cm higher than the plastic pipe.

[0062] In some other embodiments, 20g of 15-15-15 compound fertilizer and 5g of granular EM agent can be filled into a mesh bag with a diameter of 1.5cm, placed at the bottom of the root canal, and diffused under the action of water to induce root growth.

[0063] In some other embodiments, the 15-15-15 compound fertilizer can be replaced with Jiayou Wujin Liquid produced by Shandong Quanlin Jiayou Fertilizer Co., Ltd., with a packaging specification of 10kg and an effective ingredient of fulvic acid ≥260g / L;

[0064] Slow-seepage nail 09 is prepared according to the following method.

[0065] Combination Figure 4 A hollow rigid plastic tube with a diameter of 0.5cm is cut off. One end of the hollow plastic tube is heated, squeezed, and sealed into a cap shape as a nail head 10. Two sets of through holes 11 with a diameter of 0.3cm are made 0.5-1.5cm below the nail head 10. The other end of the hollow plastic tube is cut into a bevel as a water outlet 08.

[0066] Slow-permeability tube 01 is prepared as follows:

[0067] Combination Figure 5The slow-permeability pipe 01 is made by inserting slow-permeability nails 09 into an ordinary plastic pipe. Four evenly distributed through holes with a diameter of 0.5 cm are drilled in the ordinary plastic pipe, and then the slow-permeability nails 09 with a diameter of 0.5 cm are inserted into the through holes. The slow-permeability pipe 01 is equipped with a filter screen 05, which is higher than the port of the slow-permeability pipe 01.

[0068] Seed source package 02 is prepared as follows:

[0069] The seed source package 02 is made of a mesh bag filled with substrate and seeds. The mesh bag is made of biodegradable material. The substrate includes compound fertilizer, well-rotted organic matter, vermiculite, and a water-retaining agent. The volume ratio of well-rotted organic matter to vermiculite is 1:4. The well-rotted organic matter is well-rotted straw with an organic matter content of ≥45%. The compound fertilizer is 15-15-15 compound fertilizer, accounting for 2% of the total mass. The water-retaining agent is a highly absorbent resin jointly developed by Changchun Junzilan Industrial Group Jifu Plastic Products Co., Ltd. and Jilin Institute of Technology, which is polymerized in one step using corn starch and acrylic acid as the main raw materials, accounting for 5% of the total mass. The seeds are morning glory seeds. 4-8 seeds are sown in the top of the seed source package 02 using a hole punch. The seed source package 02 has a volume of 50cm × 25cm × 25cm and a dry weight of 2-3kg.

[0070] In some other embodiments, seeds of herbaceous vines such as milkweed, yam, and trichosanthes can also be used;

[0071] Seed source package 02 and slow-permeability pipe 01 are arranged as follows:

[0072] On slopes with more fine soil and rocks, 15-20m 2 Set up one seed source package 02; on a slope with larger rocks, 10m 2 Set up a seed source bag 02; the slow-seepage pipe 01 passes through the upper part of the seed source bag 02 and is attached to the net bag; the slow-seepage nail 09 is inserted into the inside of the seed source bag 02, and the net bag is used to press down the slow-seepage nail cap 10.

[0073] Seed source package 02 is fixed in the pit on the broken slope by being pulled and fixed by the slow-seepage pipe 01, and the seed source package 02 is buried 5cm deep.

[0074] Suitable plants 12 should be planted and cultivated as follows:

[0075] Multiple planting holes with dimensions of 40cm x 40cm x 60cm (length x width x depth) were set up on both sides of the broken slope 13, and Juniperus sabina and Virginia creeper were planted at intervals, combined with... Figure 2 At the same time, place four root canals vertically around the root system, and bury them in soil no more than 5cm below the original soil mark at the base of the suitable plant.

[0076] In some other embodiments, shrubs such as Caragana korshinskii, Amorpha fruticosa, Hippophae rhamnoides, Tamarix chinensis, Vitex negundo, and Hazelnut can also be planted, as well as vines such as Kudzu vine, Salix babylonica, Grape vine, Actinidia arguta, Wisteria vine, Clematis chinensis, Lonicera japonica, Euonymus fortunei, and Campsis grandiflora.

[0077] The water collection and root guiding system is constructed as follows:

[0078] Combination Figure 5-6 Combine planting hole 15 to construct water collection pit 04. The base of suitable plant 12 is located in the middle depression of water collection pit 04. Water retaining weirs 16 with a height of 2-3 meters are constructed horizontally along the contour lines on both sides of water collection pit 04. Water collection pit 04 is constructed on a reverse slope, specifically by constructing a fence on the slope. The fence on the lower slope is higher than the edge of the upper water collection pit. Non-woven fabric is used to cover the ground at the base of suitable plant 12 and water retaining weir 16. The filter screen 05 of root canal 03 should protrude 10cm from the non-woven fabric. The port of slow infiltration pipe 01 is buried on the non-woven fabric.

[0079] After implementation, the slope was revegetated in the same year, reducing the rolling of gravel, reducing watering frequency by more than 30%, fertilizer application by 20%, and costs by more than 50%. Furthermore, the roots of the shrubs and vines on the slope grew downwards, improving drought resistance and soil stabilization. Herbaceous plants sowed a large number of seeds, providing a seed source for the natural restoration of vegetation in the following year, especially in areas with thin gravel layers on the upper part where the germination rate of creeping herbaceous plants was high.

[0080] The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables those skilled in the art to make or use the invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Therefore, the invention is not to be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A method for stabilizing fractured slopes using suitable plants in conjunction with a water-collecting and root-guiding system, characterized in that, A water-collecting and root-guiding system is used to guide the root growth of suitable plants to stabilize broken slopes; the suitable plants include: creeping plants, vines, and shrubs; Specifically, the following steps are included: Step 1: Deploy seed source packages; The seed source packets were placed in the depressions on the broken slope. Step two, plant suitable plants; Dig multiple planting holes on both sides of the broken slope and plant shrubs and vines at intervals. At the same time, place the root canals vertically around the root system. Build a water collection pit on the basis of the planting holes, with the base of the plant in the concave part of the water collection pit. Build a 2-3 meter water retaining wall on both sides of the water collection pit along the contour lines. The water collection pit is built on the reverse slope, specifically by building a fence on the slope, with the fence on the lower slope higher than the edge of the upper water collection pit. Cover the ground at the base of the plant and the water retaining wall with non-woven fabric, and bury the ends of the root canals in the non-woven fabric. Step 3: Establish a slope stabilization system; A slow-seepage pipe is installed between the water collection pit and the seed source pack. The seed source pack is fixed in the pit on the broken slope by the pulling action of the slow-seepage pipe. The seed source package includes: a mesh bag, a substrate, and seeds. The substrate is filled into the mesh bag to make a substrate package, and the seeds are sown in the substrate package to make a seed source package. The slow-permeability pipe includes: a slow-permeability nail and a pipe body; the pipe body has openings at both ends, and a filter screen is provided at the openings; the pipe body has a through hole at the corresponding position of the seed source package, and the slow-permeability nail is inserted into the through hole on the pipe body to form a slow-permeability pipe.

2. The method for stabilizing a fractured slope using suitable plants in conjunction with a water-collecting and root-guiding system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sowing process involves using a punch to create seed holes in the substrate pack and then scattering the seeds into the holes.

3. The method for stabilizing a fractured slope using suitable plants in conjunction with a water-collecting and root-guiding system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The substrate includes compound fertilizer, decomposed organic matter, vermiculite, and water-retaining agent; the seeds are seeds of vine plants; the volume ratio of decomposed organic matter to vermiculite is 1:4; the compound fertilizer is 15-15-15 compound fertilizer, accounting for 2% of the total mass; the water-retaining agent is water-absorbing resin, accounting for 5% of the total mass; and the decomposed organic matter is decomposed straw.

4. The method for stabilizing a fractured slope using suitable plants in conjunction with a water-collecting and root-guiding system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The two ends of the slow-seepage pipe are buried on the non-woven fabric of the water collection pits on both sides of the slope, and the slow-seepage pipe and the seed source bag are relatively fixed.

5. The method for stabilizing a fractured slope using suitable plants in conjunction with a water-collecting and root-guiding system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The seepage-reducing nail includes a nail head and a seepage-reducing nail tube body; The nail cap is installed at the top of the slow-seepage nail tube body, and the part of the slow-seepage nail tube body inside the tube body has a through hole; When the slow-permeability pipe passes through the inside of the seed source bag, the mesh bag fits snugly against the pipe, and the slow-permeability nails fix the pipe to the seed source bag through the through hole, with the mesh bag pressing down on the slow-permeability nail caps.

6. The method for stabilizing a fractured slope using suitable plants in conjunction with a water-collecting and root-guiding system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The root canal includes a root canal body and a filter screen. The top of the root canal is the water inlet, and the bottom is the water outlet. The filter screen is inserted into the root canal body, with one end of the filter screen higher than the water inlet of the root canal body and higher than the non-woven fabric. The guide tube has an external seepage hole on the side wall near the outlet.

7. The method for stabilizing a broken slope using suitable plants in conjunction with a water-collecting and root-guiding system according to claim 6, characterized in that, The root canal also includes a material pack, which is inserted into the root canal along with a filter, with the filter on top and the material pack on the bottom.

8. The method for stabilizing a fractured slope using suitable plants in conjunction with a water-collecting and root-guiding system according to claim 7, characterized in that, The material package includes fertilizer and soil conditioner, wherein the fertilizer is 15-15-15 compound fertilizer and the soil conditioner is EM bacteria agent.

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