Ionic liquid functionalized ionic porous hypercrosslinked polymer, and preparation method and application thereof

Abstract

The application discloses an ionic liquid functionalized ionic porous hypercrosslinked polymer and a preparation method and application thereof, and a chemical structural formula is shown in formula 3; the preparation method comprises the following steps: (1) using triphenyl pyran salt ionic monomer TPPyr shown in formula 1 as raw material, a pyran salt ionic porous hypercrosslinked polymer Pyr-iHCP is self-polymerized through a Friedel-Crafts reaction; (2) the Pyr-iHCP is post-modified through amino functionalized imidazole salt ionic liquid IL:[APMIm]Br shown in formula 2, and an imidazole-pyridine salt ionic porous hypercrosslinked polymer Im-Py-iHCP is obtained by grafting an ionic monomer functional group. The preparation process has mild reaction conditions and short reaction time, and simple equipment is used; the polymer prepared is used in a cycloaddition reaction of an epoxide compound and CO2, and can have excellent catalytic activity.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of novel functionalized organic porous polymer preparation technology, specifically to an ionic liquid functionalized ionic porous hypercrosslinked polymer and its preparation method and application. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, energy demand still largely relies on fossil fuels such as coal, oil, and natural gas. However, the massive consumption of fossil fuels leads to excessive carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. Many technologies have been developed for CO2 capture and efficient utilization, including CO2 capture and storage (CCS) and CO2 capture and utilization (CCU). The practical application of CCS is hindered by the high cost of the capture process and safety concerns associated with long-term storage. CCU technology, which utilizes captured CO2 as a C1 feedstock to convert it into high-value-added chemicals and fuels, has attracted widespread attention. The cycloaddition reaction of CO2 with epoxides to convert into high-value-added cyclic carbonates is one of the most efficient pathways for catalytic CO2 fixation. Currently, many homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts have been developed for CO2 conversion. Generally, homogeneous catalysts (such as ionic liquids IL) are highly efficient, but they suffer from drawbacks such as catalyst recovery and product separation difficulties. In contrast, heterogeneous catalysts can solve these problems, but most heterogeneous catalytic systems often require harsh reaction conditions of high temperature and high pressure. Therefore, constructing green and efficient IL-derived heterogeneous catalysts to achieve efficient CO2 conversion under ambient pressure and mild conditions is a very important research topic.

[0003] Porous organic polymers (POPs) possess high surface area, tunable chemical functions, and excellent chemical stability, attracting increasing attention in CO2 capture and conversion. These superior characteristics of POPs can not only enhance the adsorption capacity of catalysts for CO2 in heterogeneous catalytic reactions but also effectively promote mass transfer of epoxide substrates. Hypercrosslinked porous organic polymers (HCPs), as an important branch of POPs, offer advantages such as simple preparation, low cost, and readily available starting materials. Direct synthesis of HCPs using the Friedel-Crafts reaction eliminates the need for noble metal coupling catalysts and specific functionalized building blocks. HCPs possess a highly crosslinked organic framework and a narrowly distributed microporous structure, providing large surface area and pore volume, both beneficial for CO2 capture and conversion. Although metal-based HCP catalysts have been reported for CO2 cycloaddition reactions... However, neutral, unmodified HCPs and metal-based HCP catalysts lack effective halide anion catalytic active sites, requiring the addition of additional co-catalysts (such as TBAB) or harsh reaction conditions of high temperature and pressure to achieve good catalytic activity. Recent studies have found that ionic liquids (ILs) are considered to be among the most effective active sites in CO2 cycloaddition reactions. Therefore, directly immobilizing such ILs onto the framework of HCPs not only simplifies the synthetic steps but also simultaneously achieves the high catalytic activity of homogeneous catalysts and the recyclability of heterogeneous catalysts. However, examples of IL-derived ionic HCPs (iHCPs) remain very limited, and few have been directly synthesized to date. A significant challenge stems from the strong electron absorption properties of the cations in the ionic liquid unit, which hinders the Friedel-Crafts reaction between the ionic liquid and the crosslinking agent. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide an ionic liquid-functionalized ionic porous hypercrosslinked polymer, its preparation method and application. The preparation process requires mild reaction conditions, short reaction time, and simple equipment. The polymer obtained can exhibit excellent catalytic activity in the cycloaddition reaction of epoxides with CO2.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: an ionic liquid-functionalized ionic porous supercrosslinked polymer, wherein the polymer is an IL-functionalized imidazole-pyridinium salt ionic porous supercrosslinked polymer Im-Py-iHCP, and its chemical structural formula is shown in Formula 3:

[0006]

[0007] This invention also provides a method for preparing the above-mentioned ionic liquid-functionalized ionic porous hypercrosslinked polymer, comprising the following steps:

[0008] (1) Using the triphenylpyran salt ionic monomer TPPyr shown in Formula 1 as raw material, a pyran salt ionic porous supercrosslinked polymer Pyr-iHCP was synthesized by Friedel-Crafts reaction.

[0009] (2) Pyr-iHCP was post-modified by the amino-functionalized imidazole salt ionic liquid IL:[APMIm]Br as shown in Formula 2, and ionic monomer functional groups were grafted to obtain imidazole-pyridinium salt ionic porous supercrosslinked polymer Im-Py-iHCP.

[0010] The structural formula of the triphenylpyran salt ionic monomer TPPyr shown in Formula 1 is as follows: The structural formula of the aminofunctionalized imidazole salt ionic liquid IL:[APMIm]Br shown in Formula 2 is as follows:

[0011] Furthermore, the specific steps include:

[0012] S1: Add the triphenylpyran salt ionic monomer TPPyr shown in Formula 1 to a container containing organic solvent, stir until it is completely dissolved, and obtain a homogeneous solution.

[0013] S2: Transfer the homogeneous solution obtained in step S1 to a reaction tube, add the catalyst, place the reaction tube on the reaction module, and carry out a Friedel-Crafts reaction at a certain reaction temperature for a period of time. After the reaction is completed, filter, wash, and dry to obtain the pyran salt ionic porous hypercrosslinked polymer Pyr-iHCP, in which BF4 - Anions are exchanged in situ for Cl. - Anions;

[0014] S3: Dissolve the Pyr-iHCP obtained in step S2 and the amino-functionalized imidazole salt ionic liquid IL:[APMIm]Br shown in Formula 2 in an organic solvent and stir to obtain a homogeneous solution;

[0015] S4: Transfer the homogeneous solution obtained in step S3 to a reaction flask and carry out the grafting reaction for a period of time at a certain reaction temperature;

[0016] S5: After the reaction is complete, the IL-functionalized imidazole-pyridinium salt ionic porous hypercrosslinked polymer Im-Py-iHCP is obtained by filtration, washing and drying. (Im is the abbreviation for imidazole group, Py is the abbreviation for pyridinium salt, and iHCP is the abbreviation for ionic porous hypercrosslinked polymer).

[0017] Preferably, in step S2, the catalyst is AlCl3; the molar ratio between the triphenylpyran salt ionic monomer TPPyr shown in Formula 1 and the catalyst AlCl3 is 1:10.

[0018] Preferably, in step S2, the reaction temperature is 80°C and the reaction time is 48 hours.

[0019] Preferably, in step S3, the molar ratio between the pyran salt ionic porous supercrosslinked polymer Pyr-iHCP and the amino-functionalized imidazole salt ionic liquid IL:[APMIm]Br shown in Formula 2 is 1:1.5.

[0020] Preferably, in step S4, the reaction temperature is 100°C and the reaction time is 48 hours.

[0021] The present invention also provides the application of the above-mentioned IL-functionalized imidazole-pyridinium salt ionic porous hypercrosslinked polymer Im-Py-iHCP in CO2 catalytic conversion.

[0022] Furthermore, specifically, it includes: using an epoxy compound as a substrate and Im-Py-iHCP as a heterogeneous catalyst, carrying out a cycloaddition reaction between CO2 and an epoxy compound under heating conditions in a normal pressure CO2 atmosphere.

[0023] Preferably, the structural formula of the epoxy compound is as follows: Wherein, R is one of chloromethyl, bromomethyl, hydroxymethyl, ethyl, n-butyl, phenyl, benzoxy, or allyl methoxy.

[0024] This invention presents a simple two-step strategy for preparing an IL-functionalized imidazole and pyridinium salt ionic porous supercrosslinked polymer (Im-Py-iHCP). The process involves using a triphenylpyranium salt ionic monomer (TPPyr) as a raw material, followed by an AlCl3-catalyzed Friedel-Crafts reaction to prepare the pyranium salt ionic porous supercrosslinked polymer Pyr-iHCP. Subsequently, an amino-functionalized imidazole ionic liquid (IL: [APMIm]Br) is immobilized onto the supercrosslinked framework, and functional groups of the ionic monomer are grafted to obtain the imidazole-pyridinium salt ionic porous supercrosslinked polymer (Im-Py-iHCP), thus preparing an IL-supported high-efficiency heterogeneous catalyst. The synthesized catalyst Im-Py-iHCP contains abundant imidazole and pyridinium salts and their paired halide anions Br. - and Cl - Im-Py-iHCPs exhibit excellent heterogeneous catalytic activity under ambient pressure and mild conditions in the cycloaddition of CO2 to prepare cyclic carbonates. Therefore, this invention develops IL-rich functionalized iHCPs based on ionic liquids as non-metallic heterogeneous catalysts to achieve efficient catalytic conversion of CO2 under ambient pressure and mild conditions without solvents or co-catalysts.

[0025] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0026] (1) The preparation process of this invention requires mild reaction conditions, short reaction time, and simple equipment, and has broad prospects for industrialization and large-scale application.

[0027] (2) By using imidazole salts and pyridine salts and their paired halide anions Br - and Cl - In situ introduction into the polymer results in a polymer with excellent catalytic activity.

[0028] (3) The IL-functionalized iHCPs in this invention have excellent catalytic performance in the cycloaddition reaction of epoxides and CO2 under solvent-free and catalyst-free conditions. The reaction also has the advantages of low catalyst dosage, easy separation and recovery. Attached Figure Description

[0029] Figure 1 The IR spectra of Pyr-iHCP and Im-Py-iHCP prepared in Example 1 are shown below.

[0030] Figure 2 The XPS spectrum of Im-Py-iHCP prepared in Example 1 is shown in the figure. (A) Full spectrum, (B) Cl 2p, (C) Br 3d, (D) N 1s.

[0031] Figure 3 The XRD patterns of the raw material TPPyr used in Example 1 and the prepared Pyr-iHCP and Im-Py-iHCP are shown.

[0032] Figure 4 The image shows the SEM spectra of the Pyr-iHCP prepared in Example 1. In the image, (A) is the SEM spectra at 200 nm and (B) is the SEM spectra at 100 nm.

[0033] Figure 5 The image shows the SEM spectra of the Im-Py-iHCP prepared in Example 1. In the image, (C) is the SEM spectra at 2 μm and (D) is the SEM spectra at 500 nm.

[0034] Figure 6 The N2 adsorption-desorption curve of the Im-Py-iHCP prepared in Example 1 at 77K;

[0035] Figure 7 The image shows the NLDFT pore size distribution of the Im-Py-iHCP prepared in Example 1 at 77K.

[0036] Figure 8-15 For each reaction product in Example 3 of this embodiment 1 H NMR spectrum. Detailed Implementation

[0037] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the embodiments.

[0038] Example 1: Preparation of ionic liquid-functionalized ionic porous hypercrosslinked polymers

[0039] Synthesis route:

[0040]

[0041] Weigh (0.5 mmol, 0.1981 g) TPPyr and add it to 8 mL of dichloromethane (DCM); then, transfer the suspension of the mixture to a 35 mL reaction tube; next, add (5 mmol, 0.6675 g) of catalyst AlCl3 to the above mixture, stir for 30 min, transfer it to a reaction module, stir at 40 °C for 4 h, and then continue to react at 80 °C for 48 h; after the reaction is completed, cool the reaction tube to room temperature, transfer the solution to a beaker, and then filter it. Wash with H2O, DCE, DMF, and THF respectively, and purify it with methanol by Soxhlet extraction for 24 h; finally, place the filter cake in a vacuum oven (80 °C) and dry for 12 h to obtain the pyran salt ionic porous hypercrosslinked polymer Pyr-iHCP.

[0042] Weigh (0.2 mmol, 0.0685 g) of pyran salt ionic porous hypercrosslinked polymer (Pyr-iHCP) and (0.3 mmol, 0.0657 g) of imidazole ionic liquid (IL: [APMIm]Br) into a 25 mL reaction flask, then add 10 mL of anhydrous ethanol. After mixing, transfer the mixture to an oil bath and react at 100 °C for 48 h. After the reaction, cool the reaction flask to room temperature, transfer the solution to a beaker, and filter. Wash the solution multiple times with H2O and anhydrous ethanol. Dry the filter cake in a vacuum oven (80 °C) for 12 h to obtain the ionic liquid-functionalized ionic porous hypercrosslinked polymer Im-Py-iHCP.

[0043] Structural and compositional characterization:

[0044] Figure 1 The infrared spectra of Pyr-iHCP and Im-Py-iHCP prepared in this embodiment are shown. As can be seen from the figure, at 3446 cm⁻¹... -1 and 3397cm -1 The broad peak at 2962 cm⁻¹ should be attributed to adsorbed water in Pyr-iHCP and Im-Py-iHCP. -1 The characteristic peak at 1640 cm⁻¹ is attributed to the stretching vibration of the methylene CH bond; Pyr-iHCP at 1640 cm⁻¹ -1 Due to the C=O on the pyran ring+ The signal peaks caused by stretching vibrations completely disappeared in Im-Py-iHCP, but disappeared at 1610 cm⁻¹. -1 The formation of a new characteristic peak indicates that the pyran groups in the polymer have been completely consumed through the reaction and transformed into pyridine groups. (621 cm⁻¹) -1 and 666cm -1 The characteristic peaks are attributed to the C-Cl stretching vibration in the DCM; these all indicate that the imidazole salt ionic liquid was successfully immobilized on the hypercrosslinked framework.

[0045] Figure 2 (A) indicates that Im-Py-iHCP contains elements of C, O, N, Br, and Cl. Notably, Im-Py-iHCP contains newly introduced N, Br, and Cl elements. The Im-Py-iHCP Cl 2p spectrum... Figure 2 In (B), free chloride anion peaks appeared at 197.9 eV (2p 3 / 2) and 200.5 eV (2p 1 / 2), while the characteristic peak at 202.1 eV was attributed to the C-Cl bond in the DCM, consistent with the FT-IR characterization results. For Im-Py-iHCP, the 3d spectrum of Br... Figure 2 (C) shows two strong peaks at 68.4 eV (3d³ / 2) and 67.3 eV (3d⁵ / 2), indicating that all bromine atoms in Im-Py-iHCP exist as bromide anions. Three distinct characteristic peaks of the N atom in Im-Py-iHCP are also observed. Figure 2 (D) The two peaks at 401.6 eV and 399.4 eV are attributed to the highly delocalized imidazole N cation (IM-N). + The characteristic peak at 401.2 eV is attributed to Py-N, which contains nonionic N atoms in the imidazole ring. + The N atom in the cationic group. This clearly demonstrates that this embodiment has successfully prepared a Br₂ group with abundant imidazole and pyridinium salts and their paired halide anions. - and Cl - Integrated IL-functionalized iHCPs.

[0046] Figure 3 The XRD spectra of TPPyr, Pyr-iHCP and Im-Py-iHCP are shown. They have obvious peaks in the range of 21.0°-22.1°, indicating that Pyr-iHCP and Im-Py-iHCP are amorphous structures.

[0047] Figure 4 and Figure 5 SEM images of Pyr-iHCP and Im-Py-iHCP, respectively, show that they have a smooth surface stripe-like stacked morphology.

[0048] The porous properties of the HCPs were confirmed by nitrogen adsorption-desorption measurements at 77 K. As Figure 6 shown, they exhibit type II and type IV adsorption isotherms, with a significantly increased adsorption capacity at low relative pressure (P / P0=0.01), and an H1-type hysteresis loop at high relative pressure (0.50<P / P0<0.99), indicating the presence of both micropores and mesopores in Pyr-iHCP and Im-Py-iHCP. In addition, they have high specific surface areas of 658 and 130 m 2 g -1 , respectively. The pore size distribution of the samples was calculated using the NLDFT model, as Figure 7 shown, the polymers Pyr-iHCP and Im-Py-iHCP have a narrow micropore distribution at 1.48 / 1.84 nm, and some disordered mesopore distribution at 2.32 / 2.77 nm, which is consistent with the type of N2 adsorption-desorption isotherm.

[0049] Example 2: Comparison of catalytic activity and reusability of Im-Py-iHCP for CO2 catalytic conversion

[0050] Pyr-iHCP obtained in Example 1 and the catalyst Im-Py-iHCP were respectively used in the cycloaddition reaction of CO2 and epichlorohydrin. The reaction conditions were as follows: epichlorohydrin (2 mmol), Pyr-iHCP or Im-Py-iHCP catalyst (0.04 g) prepared in Example 1 were added into a 25 mL Schlenk reaction tube, stirred at 30° C. The air in the reaction tube was first discharged with a vent pipe connected to a CO2 gas cylinder, then a balloon filled with carbon dioxide (0.1 MPa) was inserted onto the reaction tube, and the reaction was carried out for 72 h. After completion of the reaction, a certain amount of ethyl acetate was added for dilution, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 20 min. The solution was taken out and centrifuged, the supernatant was taken out, and the yield was calculated by gas chromatography (GC) analysis. The results are shown in Table 1. It can be seen from Table 1 that under the same conditions, the catalyst Im-Py-iHCP exhibits more excellent catalytic activity.

[0051] Table 1 Results of CO2 cycloaddition with epichlorohydrin catalyzed by catalysts Pyr-iHCP and Im-Py-iHCP

[0052]

[0053] The above catalyst Im-Py-iHCP was used to repeat the experiment, and the cycle was carried out 1 to 5 times under the same reaction temperature and reaction time conditions. The experimental results are shown in Table 2. It can be seen from Table 2 that the catalyst Im-Py-iHCP has good reusability.

[0054] Table 2. Results of the reuse of the cycloaddition reaction of CO2 with epichlorohydrin catalyzed by Im-Py-iHCP

[0055]

[0056] Example 3: Comparison of the activity and substrate applicability of the catalyst Im-Py-iHCP in the cycloaddition reaction of CO2 with different epoxides

[0057] In this embodiment, the Im-Py-iHCP prepared in Example 1 was used as a catalyst, and various epoxides were used as substrates to compare the activity of the Im-Py-iHCP catalyst and to study the substrate expansion of the CO2 cycloaddition catalytic reaction.

[0058] The specific experimental steps are as follows:

[0059] Epichlorohydrin (2 mmol) and the Im-Py-iHCP catalyst (0.04 g) from Example 1 were added to a 25 mL Schlenk reaction tube. The mixture was stirred at 80 °C. Air was first purged from the reaction tube using a vent tube connected to a CO2 gas cylinder. Then, a CO2-filled balloon (0.1 MPa) was inserted into the Schlenk tube, and the reaction was allowed to proceed for 72 hours. After the reaction was complete, a certain amount of ethyl acetate was added for dilution, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 20 minutes. The solution was removed, centrifuged, and the supernatant was collected. The solvent was evaporated using a vacuum rotary evaporator to obtain the crude product 4-(chloromethyl)-1,3-dioxane-2-one. The yield was calculated by 1H NMR spectroscopy. The reaction product... 1 HNMR spectrum as follows Figure 8 As shown, the NMR data are as follows: 1 H NMR (400MHz, CDCl3): δ=4.96(1H,CH), 4.53(1H,CH2), 4.42~4.24(1H,CH2), 3.86~3.62ppm(2H,CH2).

[0060] Under similar reaction conditions, epichlorohydrin was replaced with epichlorohydrin, epichlorohydrin, glycidyl ether, 1,2-epoxyhexane, epichlorohydrin ether, allyl glycidyl ether, and styrene oxide, respectively. With other conditions unchanged, the reaction temperature (30–100 °C) was varied to test the catalytic performance of the Im-Py-iHCP catalyst in the catalytic conversion of CO2 with other epoxides. The experimental results are shown in Table 3 below. The reaction products were: 4-(bromomethyl)-1,3-dioxane-2-one, 4-ethyl-1,3-dioxane-2-one, 4-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-dioxane-2-one, 4-butyl-1,3-dioxane-2-one, 4-(allyloxymethyl)-1,3-dioxane-2-one, 4-(phenoxymethyl)-1,3-dioxane-2-one, and 4-phenyl-1,3-dioxane-2-one. 1 The H NMR spectra are as follows: Figure 9-15 As shown, the reaction products 1 The H NMR spectral data are as follows:

[0061] 4-(bromomethyl)-1,3-dioxan-2-one 1 H NMR (400MHz, CDCl3): δ=4.94(1H,CH), 4.61~4.51(1H,CH2), 4.37~4.24(1H,CH2), 3.61~3.49ppm(2H,CH2).

[0062] 4-Ethyl-1,3-dioxan-2-one 1 H NMR (400MHz, CDCl3): δ=4.71~4.61(1H,CH2), 4.52(1H,CH2), 4.08(1H,CH2), 1.79(2H,CH2), 1.03ppm(3H,CH3).

[0063] 4-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-dioxan-2-one 1 H NMR (400MHz, d6-DMSO): δ=5.25(1H,OH), 4.79(1H,OCH), 4.49(1H,CH2O), 4.29(1H,CH2O), 3.66(1H,CH2OH), 3.51ppm(1H,CH2OH).

[0064] 4-Butyl-1,3-dioxan-2-one 1H NMR (400MHz, CDCl3): δ=4.66~4.55(1H,CH2), 4.42(1H,CH2), 3.96~3.92(1H,CH2), 1.76~1.49(2H,CH2), 1.28(4H,CH2), 0.79ppm(3H,CH3).

[0065] 4-(allyloxymethyl)-1,3-dioxan-2-one 1 H NMR (400MHz, CDCl3): δ=5.77(1H,CH), 5.34~5.04(2H,CH2), 4.76(1H,CH), 4.52~4.37(1H,CH2), 4.28(1H,CH2), 3.95(2H,CH2), 3.56ppm(2H,CH2).

[0066] 4-(phenoxymethyl)-1,3-dioxan-2-one 1 H NMR (400MHz, CDCl3): δ=7.31~7.26(2H,CH), 7.01(1H,CH), 6.90(2H,CH), 5.02( 1H,CH), 4.60(1H,CH2), 4.52(1H,CH2), 4.23(1H,CH2), 4.15~4.12ppm(1H,CH2).

[0067] As shown in Table 3, the catalyst Im-Py-iHCP exhibits excellent catalytic activity. This may be due to the high content of imidazole and pyridinium salt groups and their paired halide anions Br₂ and Br₂. - and Cl - Furthermore, these catalysts possess high specific surface area, numerous hierarchical micro / mesoporous structures, and suitable hydrophobic reaction microenvironments. In addition, they exhibit high yields of some large-sized epoxide substrates under mild atmospheric pressure conditions, indicating good substrate applicability and their ability to serve as highly efficient heterogeneous catalysts for the catalytic conversion of CO2 under mild conditions.

[0068] Table 3 Performance of CO2 cycloaddition reactions with different epoxides catalyzed by Im-Py-iHCP catalyst.

[0069]

[0070] Reaction conditions: substrate (2.0 mmol), catalyst (0.04 g), CO2 (0.1 MPa), 30–100 °C, 72 h.

Claims

1. An ionic liquid functionalized ionic porous hypercrosslinked polymer, characterized in that, The polymer is an IL-functionalized imidazole-pyridinium salt ionic porous hypercrosslinked polymer Im-Py-iHCP, and its chemical structure is shown in Formula 3: ， The preparation method of the ionic liquid-functionalized ionic porous hypercrosslinked polymer includes the following steps: (1) Using the triphenylpyran salt ionic monomer TPPyr shown in Formula 1 as raw material and dichloromethane as solvent, the pyran salt ionic porous supercrosslinked polymer Pyr-iHCP was synthesized by Friedel-Crafts reaction catalyzed by AlCl3. (2) Pyr-iHCP was post-modified by the amino-functionalized imidazole salt ionic liquid IL: [APMIm]Br as shown in Formula 2, and ionic monomer functional groups were grafted to obtain the imidazole-pyridinium salt ionic porous supercrosslinked polymer Im-Py-iHCP. The structural formula of the triphenylpyrylium monomer TPPyr shown in formula 1 is ; and the structural formula of the amino-functionalized imidazolium ionic liquid IL: [APMIm]Br shown in formula 2 is .

2. A method for preparing the ionic liquid-functionalized ionic porous hypercrosslinked polymer according to claim 1, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: (1) Using the triphenylpyran salt ionic monomer TPPyr shown in Formula 1 as raw material and dichloromethane as solvent, the pyran salt ionic porous supercrosslinked polymer Pyr-iHCP was synthesized by Friedel-Crafts reaction catalyzed by AlCl3. (2) Pyr-iHCP was post-modified by the amino-functionalized imidazole salt ionic liquid IL: [APMIm]Br as shown in Formula 2, and ionic monomer functional groups were grafted to obtain the imidazole-pyridinium salt ionic porous supercrosslinked polymer Im-Py-iHCP. The structural formula of the triphenylpyran salt ionic monomer TPPyr shown in Formula 1 is as follows: The structural formula of the amino-functionalized imidazole salt ionic liquid IL:[APMIm]Br shown in Formula 2 is as follows: .

3. The method for preparing an ionic liquid-functionalized ionic porous hypercrosslinked polymer according to claim 2, characterized in that, Specifically, the following steps are included: S1: Add the triphenylpyran salt ionic monomer TPPyr shown in Formula 1 to a container containing dichloromethane, an organic solvent, and stir to obtain a homogeneous solution. S2: Transfer the homogeneous solution obtained in step S1 to a reaction tube, add the catalyst AlCl3, place the reaction tube on the reaction module, and carry out a Friedel-Crafts reaction for a period of time at a certain reaction temperature. After the reaction is completed, filter, wash and dry to obtain the pyran salt ionic porous hypercrosslinked polymer Pyr-iHCP. S3: Dissolve the Pyr-iHCP obtained in step S2 and the amino-functionalized imidazole salt ionic liquid IL: [APMIm]Br shown in Formula 2 in an organic solvent and stir to obtain a homogeneous solution; S4: Transfer the homogeneous solution obtained in step S3 to a reaction flask and carry out the grafting reaction for a period of time at a certain reaction temperature; S5: After the reaction is complete, the IL-functionalized imidazole-pyridinium salt ionic porous hypercrosslinked polymer Im-Py-iHCP is obtained by filtration, washing and drying.

4. The method for preparing an ionic liquid-functionalized ionic porous hypercrosslinked polymer according to claim 3, characterized in that, In step S2, the molar ratio between the triphenylpyran salt ionic monomer TPPyr shown in Formula 1 and the catalyst AlCl3 is 1:

10.

5. The method for preparing an ionic liquid-functionalized ionic porous hypercrosslinked polymer according to claim 3, characterized in that, In step S2, the reaction temperature is 80℃ and the reaction time is 48h.

6. The method for preparing an ionic liquid-functionalized ionic porous hypercrosslinked polymer according to claim 3, characterized in that, In step S3, the molar ratio between the pyran salt ionic porous supercrosslinked polymer Pyr-iHCP and the amino-functionalized imidazole salt ionic liquid IL:[APMIm]Br shown in Formula 2 is 1:1.

5.

7. The method for preparing an ionic liquid-functionalized ionic porous hypercrosslinked polymer according to claim 3, characterized in that, In step S4, the reaction temperature is 100℃ and the reaction time is 48h.

8. The application of the IL-functionalized imidazole-pyridinium salt ionic porous hypercrosslinked polymer Im-Py-iHCP as described in claim 1 in CO2 catalytic conversion, specifically the application process is as follows: using an epoxy compound as a substrate and the Im-Py-iHCP as described in claim 1 as a heterogeneous catalyst, the cycloaddition reaction of CO2 with the epoxy compound is carried out under heating conditions in a normal pressure CO2 atmosphere.

9. The application according to claim 8, characterized in that, The structural formula of the epoxy compound is as follows: Wherein, R is one of chloromethyl, bromomethyl, hydroxymethyl, ethyl, n-butyl, phenyl, benzoxy, or allyl methoxy.

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