An individualized adaptive amblyopia training system and a quantitative analysis and adjustment method thereof

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of individualized adaptive amblyopia training system and its quantitative analysis and adjusting method, control device is according to the performance of the recorded amblyopia patient to visual pattern training, the visual function damage characteristics of amblyopia patient is quantitatively analyzed by amblyopia damage mechanism quantitative analysis model, obtains the monocular and binocular visual function damage characteristics of amblyopia patient, the weakening degree of amblyopia eye input signal and the interocular inhibition degree of non-amblyopia eye to amblyopia eye input signal;According to the quantitative analysis result of monocular and binocular visual function damage and / or amblyopia damage mechanism, control device generates the individualized monocular training, binocular training task and its combination etc. Training mode and dose most suitable for patient's own damage degree and characteristics, and are transmitted to display device, for amblyopia patient to carry out visual training, system is automatically real-time to training task self-adapting adjustment according to the task completion of patient, repeat the process until patient recovers, strong in pertinence, training is efficient.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of medical and healthcare equipment, specifically to a personalized adaptive amblyopia training system and its quantitative analysis and adjustment method, which can quantitatively assess the condition of amblyopia patients and provide personalized adaptive amblyopia training. Background Technology

[0002] Amblyopia (lazy eye) is a common eye disease in children caused by abnormal development of the visual nervous system during growth and development, with an incidence rate of approximately 3-5% of the total population. Due to insufficient visual stimulation over a long period, the area of ​​the brain responsible for processing visual information input to the amblyopic eye is underdeveloped, leading to low vision and the formation of amblyopia. The outward manifestation of amblyopia is low vision in one or both eyes, without any organic damage to the eye, but it cannot be corrected with glasses. Numerous studies have shown that in addition to decreased vision, amblyopic patients often also experience decreased contrast sensitivity, abnormal binocular information integration, decreased motion perception, and reduced stereopsis. Amblyopia is characterized by "early detection, early treatment; late detection, difficult treatment." Clinically, there are approximately 30 million older children and adults with amblyopia in China without effective treatment options, and 700,000 to 1 million new cases of amblyopia are diagnosed in children each year.

[0003] Because amblyopia is often detected by parents in childhood, they actively seek medical assistance and usually cooperate with doctors to actively undergo long-term rehabilitation treatment. As mentioned above, the traditional view is that amblyopia originates from abnormal visual input experiences during the development of the visual system (such as anisometropia, strabismus, cataracts, etc.), leading to disuse of the amblyopic eye by the visual nervous system (i.e., amblyopia damage comes from the weakening of input signals to the amblyopic eye). This is also why amblyopia is also called lazy eye. Therefore, after removing factors affecting visual input, patching the amblyopic eye (patching therapy) is currently the most commonly used treatment method. This involves patching the relatively healthy eye, forcing the patient to use the amblyopic eye until the visual acuity of the amblyopic eye improves to a level comparable to that of the relatively healthy eye. This therapy has been found to work only in a subset of children with amblyopia (approximately two-thirds), and is largely ineffective in older children and adults with amblyopia. Furthermore, its effectiveness in restoring binocular functions, such as stereopsis, is poor. Adherence to occlusion therapy is low; some children refuse occlusion for fear of being ridiculed, and for severe amblyopia (visual acuity below 0.2), occlusion can significantly impact learning and daily life due to the poor visual acuity of the amblyopic eye. Occlusion therapy is also a long-term treatment, typically requiring one to three years, placing a heavy burden on patients and their families. Clinically, a suppression therapy involves applying atropine or a suppression film to the non-amblyopic eye to reduce its visual acuity to a level comparable to the amblyopic eye. Its effects and drawbacks are similar to occlusion therapy. Other treatment methods, such as instrument therapy, visual stimulation therapy, or drug therapy, generally work by stimulating the amblyopic visual system from different angles to promote its redevelopment, thereby improving visual acuity in the amblyopic eye. However, these methods all have drawbacks to varying degrees. For example, children need to cooperate by covering their eyes during treatment, and their cooperation is not high. Also, some children refuse to cover their eyes for fear of being ridiculed.

[0004] In recent years, to improve treatment outcomes, some comprehensive amblyopia treatment instruments have been produced in this field. A common type of instrument is a mechanical device that uses a light source at the rear to illuminate an image or text panel inserted into the device. Users operate the device via buttons on the front, and the display glass panel follows the instructions and the image or text panel to enhance vision. However, this type of device has poor precision, is suitable for a limited number of patients, and years of research have shown its effectiveness is unsatisfactory. Another technical solution in this field has attempted to use a liquid crystal display screen to generate image changes. The amblyopic patient moves their eyes according to the image changes. The principle of this treatment method is to exercise the visual system by allowing the amblyopic patient's eyes to move within a large range, thereby improving blood circulation, metabolism, muscle movement, and nerve reflexes. However, this device can only train eye function and is complex to use, requiring complex settings for the liquid crystal display image for different amblyopic patients, making it unusable by the patient themselves. To address the aforementioned issues, some new amblyopia training systems have recently been researched in this field, such as the technical solutions disclosed in US 8066372 and CN201410141132.6. Compared to traditional solutions, these systems add a binocular visual function assessment module. Before treatment, the visual function of both eyes is assessed, and based on the assessment results, a balance point is generated between binocular visual training, presenting binocular collaborative tasks for training. While this approach overcomes some shortcomings of traditional methods, it still fails to consider the potential differences in the mechanisms causing visual impairment among different amblyopia patients. Furthermore, its entire treatment plan adjusts the input signals to both eyes based on indicators such as relative contrast sensitivity, relative internal noise, relative reaction time, and relative brightness sensitivity, providing different, matched graphic stimuli to each eye for visual perception training to improve vision. This treatment method lacks a comprehensive quantitative analysis of the degree of monocular and binocular damage in different amblyopia patients, overemphasizing one type of damage (i.e., binocular function). Consequently, the treatment plan inevitably focuses too much on improving one aspect of visual function. Recent clinical trials have shown that while binocular function training alone can improve stereopsis in amblyopic patients to some extent, it is not very effective in improving visual acuity in the amblyopic eye, and there is no correlation between the improvement in the two. This suggests that the mechanisms of damage to monocular and binocular visual function in amblyopic patients are not entirely the same, and individualized symptomatic treatment should be carried out during the treatment process.

[0005] In terms of treatment principles, early amblyopia training methods focused on strengthening the amblyopic eye (i.e., monocular strengthening), while recent methods emphasize strengthening binocular function in amblyopia. These different approaches often involve strengthening a single visual function or a simple combination of several training methods. They neglect the fact that different amblyopia patients may have different causes and mechanisms of onset (anisometropia or strabismus), different levels of visual function impairment, and different degrees of impairment. Applying the same training measures to all amblyopia patients without specific quantitative analysis of the degree and mechanism of amblyopia may significantly affect the training effect, even leading to ineffective or harmful training. Summary of the Invention

[0006] This invention addresses the shortcomings of existing amblyopia training technologies by providing a personalized adaptive amblyopia training system and its quantitative analysis and adjustment method. Based on an assessment of the degree and mechanism of amblyopia patient's own damage, the system quantifies the degree of signal input attenuation in the amblyopic eye and the degree of abnormal inhibition of the amblyopic eye by non-amblyopic eyes. Then, based on the quantitative assessment results, it generates personalized monocular training, binocular training tasks, and combinations thereof tailored to the patient's specific damage level and characteristics, along with appropriate training modes and dosages. During training, the system automatically and in real-time adaptively adjusts the training tasks based on the patient's task completion, repeating this process until binocular visual function is improved.

[0007] The present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0008] On one hand, the present invention provides a personalized adaptive amblyopia training system, the system including a control device, a display device and an interaction device; the control device contains a visual training task database and a quantitative analysis model of amblyopia damage mechanism, the visual training task database contains a variety of visual patterns, the control device is connected to the display device and the interaction device, the interaction device is used to adjust the physical properties of the visual images observed by the amblyopic patient through the display device and feed them back to the control device;

[0009] The control device, based on the recorded performance of amblyopic patients in visual pattern training, uses the amblyopia damage mechanism quantitative analysis model to quantify the visual function impairment characteristics of amblyopic patients, obtaining the characteristics of monocular and binocular visual function impairment, the degree of attenuation of the input signal to the amblyopic eye, and the degree of interocular inhibition of the input signal to the amblyopic eye by the non-amblyopic eye; based on the quantitative analysis results of monocular and binocular visual function impairment and / or amblyopia damage mechanism, the control device extracts visual patterns from the visual training task database, generates a personalized visual training task for the amblyopic patient, and transmits it to the display device for the amblyopic patient to perform visual training.

[0010] Furthermore, the control device is a device with program execution, data processing and storage functions, including but not limited to a computer (PC, Mac), tablet computer (iPad, etc.), mobile phone or any other processor or memory with programmable functions.

[0011] Preferably, the display device is a display capable of enabling binocular split-viewing and / or a device that assists in enabling binocular split-viewing.

[0012] Furthermore, the binocular visual patterns displayed by the display device are visual patterns that are the same, similar, or complementary, and the interactive device can adjust the physical properties of the presented visual patterns so that their physical properties are the same or different.

[0013] Preferably, the interactive device is a device that allows the user to provide feedback on the visual training task, and it is one of the following: a game joystick, a device with multiple buttons, a mouse, a response box, or a touch screen with multiple clickable options.

[0014] The visual training task is a visual graphic that stimulates the retinal receptor cells of the human eye and quantifies the physical properties of the graphic, including one or a combination of sinusoidal gratings, square wave gratings, Gabor gratings, raw or filtered numbers / Chinese characters / letters, raw or filtered natural stimuli, dots, or visual noise graphics.

[0015] The system also includes a wired or wireless communication device connected to the control device. The communication device transmits the training results of the amblyopic patient and the results of the training participation evaluation task back to the amblyopic patient, the child's parents, professional doctors, and perceptual training experts. Professional doctors and perceptual training experts can track and accurately evaluate the training results and the amblyopic patient's participation during the training period in real time, and make personalized adjustments to the subsequent training plan for the amblyopic patient.

[0016] The personalized visual training task includes training modes and training dosage. The training modes include four modes: monocular visual function training task, monocular visual function training and binocular visual function training combined task, binocular visual function training and monocular visual function training combined task, and binocular visual function training task. The training dosage is 3,000-12,000 trials / task, and is evenly distributed according to 5-20 training sessions.

[0017] The interactive device adjusts the physical properties of the visual image observed by the amblyopic patient, including one or more of the following physical properties: contrast, brightness, phase, orientation, angle, direction, size, color, shape, spatial frequency, temporal frequency, stereo depth, motion speed, motion direction, motion direction consistency level, binocular disparity, presentation time, and presentation position.

[0018] On the other hand, the present invention also provides an adaptive amblyopia quantitative analysis and adjustment method, the method comprising the following steps:

[0019] Step 1: The control device extracts visual patterns from the visual training task database, forms a visual training task, and transmits it to the display device for amblyopic patients to train monocular and / or binocular functions.

[0020] Step 2: Adjust the physical properties of the first visual pattern observed by the amblyopic eye and / or the physical properties of the second visual pattern observed by the non-amblyopic eye through the interactive device. The amblyopic patient judges the physical dimension of the corresponding visual pattern through the amblyopic eye and / or the non-amblyopic eye respectively. The control device records and stores the physical property values ​​of the first visual pattern observed by the amblyopic eye and / or the second visual pattern observed by the non-amblyopic eye.

[0021] Step 3: The control device sends a command to the display device to gradually eliminate the first visual pattern or the second visual pattern or simultaneously eliminate the first and second visual patterns, while waiting for the amblyopic patient to make a task judgment. The control device records and stores the accuracy rate or reaction time data of the judgment.

[0022] Step 4: As needed, the controllable device sends a command to the display device, so that the display device displays a third visual pattern to the amblyopic eye of the amblyopic patient. The third visual pattern has different physical properties from the first visual pattern and the second visual pattern, and the spatial position of the third visual pattern on the retina is close to the spatial position of the first visual pattern and the second visual pattern on the retina.

[0023] Step 5: As needed, the amblyopic patient adjusts the physical properties of the third visual pattern observed by the amblyopic eye through the interactive device until its visual perception is the same as the pattern after the integration of the first and second visual patterns. The control device records and stores the physical property values ​​of the third visual pattern observed by the amblyopic eye.

[0024] Step 6: As needed, the control device sends a command to the display device to cause the display device to gradually eliminate the third visual pattern;

[0025] Step 7: As needed, the control device sends an instruction to the display device, so that the display device displays a fourth visual pattern to the non-amblyopic eye of the amblyopic patient. The fourth visual pattern has different physical properties from the first visual pattern and the second visual pattern, so that the spatial position of the fourth visual pattern on the retina is close to the spatial position of the first visual pattern and the second visual pattern on the retina.

[0026] Step 8: As needed, the amblyopic patient adjusts the physical properties of the fourth visual pattern observed by the non-amblyopic eye through the interactive device until its visual perception is the same as the visual pattern after the integration of the first and second visual patterns. The control device records and stores the physical property values ​​of the fourth visual pattern observed by the non-amblyopic eye.

[0027] Step 9: Based on the physical attribute values ​​of the first visual pattern, the second visual pattern, the third visual pattern, and the fourth visual pattern, or based on the reaction time or accuracy data described in steps 1-3, the control device performs a quantitative analysis of the visual function impairment characteristics through the amblyopia damage mechanism quantitative analysis model, and obtains specific values ​​of the degree of weakening of the input signal of the amblyopic eye and the degree of interocular inhibition of the input signal of the non-amblyopic eye on the amblyopic eye, the performance difference data of the amblyopic eye and the non-amblyopic eye in monocular tasks, and binocular visual function data.

[0028] Step 10: Based on the binocular strength data, amblyopic and non-amblyopic eye function difference data, and binocular visual function data obtained in Step 9, the control device forms a personalized training task, obtaining the mode and dosage of monocular strengthening training and binocular training for amblyopic patients. According to the settings and needs, all or part of the steps from Step 1 to Step 9 are repeated until the set threshold or training intensity is reached, and then the training stops.

[0029] The formulas for calculating the degree of signal attenuation and interocular inhibition in step 9 of amblyopic eye are as follows:

[0030] The degree of input signal attenuation in amblyopic eyes is AF = 1 - m⁴ / m³.

[0031] Interocular inhibition of the input signal from the non-amblyopic eye to the amblyopic eye: IF = [m⁴ / (m²×m³)] N , where N is a real number ≥ 1;

[0032] Where m2, m3, and m4 are the physical property values ​​of the second, third, and fourth visual patterns, respectively.

[0033] The calculation method for the functional difference between amblyopic and non-amblyopic eyes in step 9 is as follows:

[0034] Functional difference between amblyopic and non-amblyopic eyes: DIFF = m2 / m1;

[0035] Where m1 and m2 are the physical attribute values ​​of the first visual pattern, third visual pattern and fourth visual pattern obtained at the same accuracy or reaction time level when performing monocular function measurement.

[0036] The method for calculating binocular visual function in step 9 is as follows:

[0037] Binocular visual function BF = (m1 + m2) / 2;

[0038] Where m1 and m2 are the physical attribute values ​​of the first and second visual patterns at a specific accuracy or reaction time level during binocular function measurement, respectively, and generally m1 = m2.

[0039] In step 10, the attenuation degree of the input signal of the amblyopic eye (AF) is used as the main discrimination condition, and the functional difference (DIFF) between the amblyopic eye and the non-amblyopic eye (BF) is used as auxiliary criteria.

[0040] When the attenuation of the input signal of the amblyopic eye is greater than 10%, monocular (amblyopic eye) visual function enhancement training is adopted. The training dose is calculated as 100*INT(90*AF+30), where INT is an integer function (e.g., if AF=0.36, then the total dose is 6200), and training is carried out at 400-1200 trials / day.

[0041] If the attenuation of the input signal in the amblyopic eye is ≤10%, binocular vision function training is adopted. The training dose is calculated according to min(12000,max(100*INT(IF*10),100*INT(90*AF+30)), and training is carried out at 400-1200 trials / day.

[0042] When the degree of amblyopia and interocular inhibition cannot be reasonably estimated due to limitations such as age, cognitive level, comprehension ability, or cooperation, the assessment can be made based on the functional difference between the amblyopic and non-amyopic eyes (DIFF).

[0043] If DIFF < 60%, monocular (amblyopic) visual function enhancement training is adopted, and the training dose is calculated according to 100*INT[120*(1-DIFF)], and training is carried out at 400-1000 trials / day;

[0044] If DIFF>=60%, binocular visual function training is adopted, with the training dose calculated as max(3000,100*INT[120*(1-DIFF)]), and training is performed at 400-1000 trials / day.

[0045] The method further includes: Step 11, during the training process, the amblyopic patient can periodically or as needed transmit the training results back to the professional doctor and training expert through the communication device. The doctor or training expert will track and evaluate the training results in real time, and adjust the training tasks and training dosage in real time before transmitting them to the control device through the communication device for the amblyopic patient to train.

[0046] The method also includes: Step 12, during the training process, the amblyopic patient can periodically or as needed send the evaluation of the patient's training participation level back to the professional doctor, training expert and parents through the communication device, so that the doctor or training expert can track and evaluate the patient's training participation and completion in real time, and make manual contact when necessary.

[0047] The method further includes: Step 13, after completing a training task, the amblyopic patient can repeat steps 1-9 to perform a quantitative analysis of the visual function, binocular function characteristics and amblyopic damage mechanism of the amblyopic and non-amblyopic eyes, and then perform step 10 to determine the degree of functional difference, binocular function characteristics and damage extent of the amblyopic and non-amblyopic eyes, and determine whether to continue training and the training mode and dosage.

[0048] In step 10, if the interocular functional difference data is less than 20%, the difference between binocular visual function data and normal control is less than 20%, the degree of amblyopia is less than 10%, and the interocular inhibition coefficient is less than 2, training can be terminated; otherwise, repeat steps 1-10 to continue training.

[0049] The technical solution of this invention has the following advantages:

[0050] A. This invention comprehensively considers factors such as interocular functional differences, binocular function, the degree of attenuation of the amblyopic eye input signal, and the degree of inhibition of the amblyopic eye input signal by the non-amblyopic eye, rather than just considering the function of the amblyopic eye and binocular function. The control device trains different monocular and binocular visual functions, compares the differences in monocular function and binocular function between the amblyopic and non-amblyopic eyes, or analyzes the damage mechanism characteristics of amblyopic patients through models, and develops a customized training program for each amblyopic patient. It has personalized characteristics and is more effective in improving amblyopia and binocular vision.

[0051] B. Based on a visual training task database and a quantitative analysis model of amblyopia damage mechanism, this invention adaptively adjusts the training tasks, stimulus parameters, difficulty level, and dosage in real time during training, thereby enabling better training for amblyopia and efficiently improving and restoring visual function.

[0052] C. After each training session, the training system updates the personalized training plan based on the patient's previous task completion status. The entire process is repeated until the patient's vision is restored. This makes the system more interactive and adaptable, and more conducive to amblyopia training for children.

[0053] D. This invention can quickly improve a patient's visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, and stereopsis in a relatively short period of time (as low as 4 days, with 30 minutes of training per day), and enhance the proportion of the amblyopic eye in binocular competition. For patients with severe amblyopia, it can rapidly improve the visual acuity of the amblyopic eye in the early stages, making it more suitable for traditional occlusion therapy to be more effective.

[0054] E. Because this invention uses specially designed filter letters, the measurement accuracy and compliance are improved, making it suitable for a wider range of age groups and educational levels. It has very high user-friendliness and compliance, and users only need to be able to identify the vision chart to complete this task and training. Attached Figure Description

[0055] To more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the specific embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0056] Figure 1 This is a structural block diagram of the amblyopia training system of the present invention;

[0057] Figure 2 This is a flowchart of the amblyopia training system of the present invention;

[0058] Figure 3 The present invention provides a method for quantitatively analyzing the visual function impairment characteristics of amblyopic patients and generating training strategies.

[0059] Figure 4 The illustration shows the training results of a 20-year-old patient with anisometropia using the solution of this invention;

[0060] Figure 5 The illustration shows the training results of a 6-year-old child with binocular amblyopia provided by the present invention.

[0061] Figure 6-1 , Figure 6-2 and Figure 6-3 The illustration shows the results of amblyopia training for eleven adults using the solution of this invention. Detailed Implementation

[0062] The technical solution of the present invention will now be clearly and completely described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0063] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that the terms "center," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing the invention and for simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0064] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "linking" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal communication between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0065] like Figure 1 As shown, this invention provides an adaptive amblyopia training system, comprising a control device, a display device, and an interactive device interconnected. The control device contains a visual training task database and a quantitative analysis model of amblyopia impairment mechanisms. The visual training task database contains various visual patterns for amblyopic patients to perform visual training and testing. The interactive device adjusts the physical properties of the visual images observed by the amblyopic patient and provides feedback to the control device. The control device records and stores the amblyopic patient's performance during training. Through the quantitative analysis model of amblyopia impairment mechanisms, it quantitatively analyzes the visual function impairment characteristics of the amblyopic patient, obtaining the characteristics of monocular and binocular visual function impairment, the degree of attenuation of the input signal to the amblyopic eye, and the degree of interocular inhibition of the input signal to the amblyopic eye by the non-amblyopic eye. Based on the quantitative analysis results of monocular and binocular visual function impairment and / or amblyopia impairment mechanisms, the control device extracts visual patterns from the visual training task database, generates a personalized visual training task for the amblyopic patient, and transmits it to the display device for visual training. The above process is repeated until the visual acuity of the amblyopic patient is improved to an appropriate range, realizing a visual training strategy that is based on the patient's own situation and is adaptively adjusted in real time, making visual accommodation more targeted and more efficient.

[0066] The control device here refers to a device with program execution, data processing and storage functions, including but not limited to computers (PC, Mac), tablet computers (iPad, etc.), mobile phones or any other computing units such as processors and memory with programmable functions.

[0067] The display device is a display with display function, which can display different visual patterns for each of the human eyes. Since different images need to be output for the left and right eyes, a display device with binocular display function is usually used. For example, a polarized display can be matched with corresponding polarized 3D glasses, with each lens receiving two display signals; a shutter-type 3D display can also be used, where 3D glasses receive the left and right image frames emitted by the display; of course, a naked-eye 3D display or a 3D projection device can also be used. In short, any display device that can enable the human eye to receive two different images can be used as the display device of this invention. Preferably, for ease of head-mounted use, the display device used in this invention is a head-mounted display (HMD), and many such products are already available on the market, such as Sony's HMZ-T (1, 2, 3) series products and the Oculus Rift head-mounted 3D display.

[0068] In addition, the interactive device provided by the present invention can be a device that provides feedback to a user on a visual pattern for a visual task, such as a game joystick, a device with multiple buttons, or a touch screen with multiple clickable options.

[0069] To better facilitate remote expert participation, the system is equipped with wired or wireless communication devices. These devices connect to the control unit and transmit the training results and participation evaluation results of amblyopic patients back to the patients, parents of children with amblyopia, professional doctors, and perceptual training experts. Professional doctors and perceptual training experts can track and accurately evaluate the training results in real time and make personalized adjustments to the subsequent training plan for amblyopic patients to better achieve visual acuity adjustment.

[0070] The visual patterns used in this invention to achieve visual tasks can be implemented in various ways, including but not limited to sinusoidal gratings, square wave gratings, Gabor gratings, original or filtered letters, and original or filtered natural stimuli. In general, any pattern possessing physical properties that can stimulate and quantify the receptor cells of the human retina is acceptable. These physical properties can be one or more of the following: contrast, brightness, phase, orientation, angle, direction, size, color, shape, spatial frequency, temporal frequency, stereo depth, motion speed, motion direction, motion direction consistency level, binocular disparity, presentation time, and presentation position. When training a patient for a specific visual task, a visual pattern with varying physical properties is typically used.

[0071] This invention comprehensively considers the functional differences between amblyopic and non-amblyopic eyes, binocular visual function characteristics, the degree of attenuation of amblyopic input signals in different amblyopic patients, and the degree of inhibition of amblyopic input signals by non-amblyopic eyes, rather than simply considering the degree of attenuation of amblyopic input signals or only considering binocular imbalance in amblyopia. Based on a quantitative analysis model of amblyopia damage mechanism, it adaptively adjusts during training, adjusting training tasks, difficulty levels, and dosages in real time, thereby enabling better training for amblyopia and rapid improvement and recovery of visual function.

[0072] The training system of this invention can quantitatively distinguish the degree of attenuation of the input signal of the amblyopic eye in amblyopic patient and the degree of inhibition of the input signal of the amblyopic eye by the non-amblyopic eye. Based on the results of quantitative analysis, it generates the mode and dosage of monocular strengthening training and binocular function strengthening training for amblyopic patients, meeting the needs of different types of amblyopia, thereby more effectively and comprehensively restoring visual function.

[0073] The personalized visual training task programs generated by this system include: monocular visual function training tasks (such as contrast detection training, contrast discrimination training, noise cancellation, motion detection, motion direction discrimination, motion information integration, bioinformatics, estimation, etc.) mainly aimed at improving the visual function of amblyopic eyes (such as contrast sensitivity, motion perception, noise elimination, information integration, etc.); binocular visual function training tasks (such as binocular coordination, binocular integration, binocular competition, interocular masking, stereopsis judgment, etc.) mainly aimed at enhancing the coordination and consistency between amblyopic and non-amblyopic eyes and improving binocular visual function (such as spatial complementarity, temporal synchronization, stereopsis, binocular integration and competition, depth perception, etc.); or combinations of monocular and binocular visual function training tasks. The core is that the selection of different tasks, the training order, and the training dosage vary depending on the differences between amblyopic and non-amblyopic eyes, the binocular functional characteristics, or the damage mechanism of amblyopic patients.

[0074] The personalized visual training program includes four different modes for task combination selection and sequence: monocular visual function training, monocular visual function training plus binocular visual function training, binocular visual function training plus monocular visual function training, and binocular visual function training. The training dose is generally 3000-12000 trials / task, evenly distributed over 5-20 training sessions. The core focus is on factors such as the degree of difference between amblyopic and non-amblyopic eyes, the relative proportion of amblyopic eye signal attenuation and interocular abnormal inhibition in the impairment mechanism of binocular function or amblyopia patients, and the correlation between the priority of monocular / binocular task training and the training dose. The visual training process in this system is adaptive. The system adjusts the physical parameters of the stimulus in real time based on the amblyopic patient's performance in each trial, maintaining a relatively stable level of patient performance on relevant tasks. The controlled and adjusted physical parameters of the stimulus include, but are not limited to, the stimulus's contrast, brightness, orientation, direction, size, movement speed, movement direction, consistency level of movement direction, binocular disparity, presentation time, and presentation position.

[0075] Figure 2 The workflow of the amblyopia training system of the present invention is shown. The control device sends visual patterns to the display device to evaluate the visual function of the amblyopic patient. The amblyopic patient makes a judgment using an interactive device based on the observation of the visual patterns by both eyes. The interactive device provides feedback to the control device on the performance of the amblyopic patient in completing the test task. The control device calculates the degree of weakening of the amblyopic eye and the degree of inhibition of the non-amblyopic eye based on the feedback, and then generates a training task (including but not limited to one or more tasks such as monocular training and binocular training) mode and dosage corresponding to the pathogenesis of amblyopia for the amblyopic patient. The control device displays the adjusted visual patterns of the monocular strengthening training task and binocular training task on the display device, and performs repeated training and adjustment processes for the amblyopic patient until the eyes of the amblyopic patient are adjusted to a suitable range.

[0076] This invention also provides a method for quantitative analysis and adjustment of visual function impairment characteristics in amblyopic patients, such as... Figure 3 As shown, it includes the following steps:

[0077] [S1] The control device extracts visual patterns from the visual training task database, forms a visual training task, and transmits it to the display device for amblyopic patients to train monocular and / or binocular functions. The display device displays a first visual pattern and a second visual pattern to the amblyopic eye and the non-amblyopic eye of the amblyopic patient, respectively. The first visual pattern and the second visual pattern have essentially the same pattern or complementary images, and the physical properties of the two displayed patterns differ. For example, when training binocular function, the display device displays a first visual pattern and a second visual pattern to the amblyopic eye and the non-amblyopic eye of the amblyopic patient, respectively. The first visual pattern and the second visual pattern can have essentially the same or complementary patterns, and the physical properties of the displayed patterns differ. When testing monocular function, the display device presents the first visual pattern only to the amblyopic eye of the amblyopic patient, or presents the second visual pattern only to the non-amblyopic eye of the amblyopic patient.

[0078]

S2

[0079] During binocular function training, depending on the function, amblyopic patients can adjust the physical properties of the second visual pattern observed by the non-amblyopic eye through an interactive device until a binocular balance point is reached. The control device records and stores the physical property values ​​of the second visual pattern observed by the non-amblyopic eye at this time. Amblyopic patients can also use both eyes to observe the first and second visual patterns and make judgments on binocular vision-related physical dimensions (such as disparity, matching, complementarity, etc.). The control device records and stores the physical parameters at this time. When testing monocular function, depending on the task requirements, amblyopic patients can make judgments on corresponding physical dimensions (such as contrast, presence or absence of stimulus, size, speed, direction, etc.) through the amblyopic eye or the non-amblyopic eye, respectively. The control device records and stores the physical property values ​​of the first visual pattern observed by the amblyopic eye or the second visual pattern observed by the non-amblyopic eye at this time.

[0080]

S3

[0081] [S4] The control device sends a command to the display device, causing the display device to display a third visual pattern to the amblyopic eye of the amblyopic patient. The third visual pattern has different physical properties from the first visual pattern and the second visual pattern, and the spatial position of the third visual pattern on the retina is close to the spatial positions of the first visual pattern and the second visual pattern on the retina.

[0082]

S5

[0083]

S6

[0084]

S7

[0085]

S8

[0086] [S9] Based on the physical attribute values ​​of the first visual pattern, second visual pattern, third visual pattern, and fourth visual pattern, or based on the reaction time or accuracy data collected in steps [S1] to [S3], the control device uses a quantitative analysis model of amblyopia damage mechanism to quantitatively analyze the visual function impairment characteristics of amblyopic patients, obtaining specific values ​​of the degree of weakening of the input signal to the amblyopic eye and the degree of inhibition of the input signal to the amblyopic eye by the non-amblyopic eye, the performance differences between the amblyopic eye and the non-amblyopic eye in monocular tasks (such as the ratio of accuracy, reaction time, sensitivity, discrimination threshold, etc.), and binocular function performance (such as stereoscopic vision, masking degree, integration ability, etc.); among which, the calculation formulas for the degree of weakening of the input signal to the amblyopic eye and the degree of interocular inhibition are as follows:

[0087] Attenuation Factor (AF) of input signal attenuation in amblyopic eye = 1 - m⁴ / m³.

[0088] The inhibition factor (IF) of the non-amblyopic eye on the input signal from the amblyopic eye is calculated as: [m⁴ / (m²×m³)]. N, where N is a real number ≥ 1, usually N is between 1 and 5, and m2, m3, and m4 are the physical property values ​​of the second visual pattern, the third visual pattern, and the fourth visual pattern, respectively.

[0089] Functional differences between amblyopic and non-amblyopic eyes: DIFF = m2 / m1, where m1 and m2 are the physical attribute values ​​of the first visual pattern, third visual pattern, and fourth visual pattern obtained at the same accuracy or reaction time level when performing monocular function measurements.

[0090] Binocular visual function BF = (m1 + m2) / 2, where m1 and m2 are the physical attribute values ​​of the first and second visual patterns at a specific accuracy or reaction time level during binocular function measurement, respectively. Generally, m1 = m2.

[0091]

S10

S9

[10] is executed.

[0092]

S11

[0093]

S12

[0094] [S13] After completing a training task, amblyopic patients can repeat steps [S1] to [S9] to conduct a quantitative analysis of the visual function, binocular function characteristics and amblyopic damage mechanism of the amblyopic and non-amblyopic eyes. Then, step 10 is performed to determine the degree of functional difference, binocular function characteristics and damage extent of the amblyopic and non-amblyopic eyes, and to determine whether to continue training and the training mode and dosage.

[0095] Example 1

[0096] 1) The control device sends a command to the display device to present two sinusoidal gratings (hereinafter referred to as binocular gratings) to the two eyes of the amblyopic patient, which are the same in size, average brightness, and spatial frequency, but different in spatial phase and contrast. The two binocular gratings have the same spatial phase value but opposite polarity. The contrast value of the binocular grating observed by the amblyopic eye is fixed at 100%, while the contrast value of the binocular grating observed by the non-amblyopic eye is a random value m1 within the range of 0-100%.

[0097] These two binocular gratings correspond to the same retinal spatial position on both of the patient's eyes. Therefore, although the phase of the grating observed by the patient's two eyes is different, when both eyes are observed at the same time, the patient can only perceive one sinusoidal grating (hereinafter referred to as the integrated grating).

[0098] 2) When the patient adjusts the contrast of the binocular gratings observed by the non-amblyopic eye through the human-computer interaction device, the phase of the integrated grating perceived by the patient will change accordingly. The patient adjusts the contrast of the binocular gratings observed by the non-amblyopic eye through the interaction device until the phase of the integrated grating perceived by the patient reaches a predetermined binocular balance point (zero phase point). At this time, the control device records the contrast m2 of the binocular gratings observed by the non-amblyopic eye when the preset binocular balance point is reached. m2 is usually less than 100%.

[0099] 3) The control device issues a command and displays a third sinusoidal grating (hereinafter referred to as monocular matching grating 1) on the display device at the position of the amblyopic eye of the amblyopic patient. The phase of this sinusoidal grating is located at a preset binocular balance point (zero phase point), the contrast value is a random value within 0-100%, and its spatial position is near but does not overlap with the aforementioned two binocular integrated gratings. Therefore, the patient will perceive two sinusoidal gratings at this time, one of which is the aforementioned integrated grating, and the other is monocular matching grating 1.

[0100] 4) The patient adjusts the contrast value of the monocular matching grating 1 through the interactive device until its contrast is perceptually close to the aforementioned integrated grating, and the control device records the contrast value m3 of the monocular matching grating 1 at this time.

[0101] 5) The control device sends a command to the display device, causing the display device to gradually eliminate the third visual pattern;

[0102] 6) The control device sends a command to the display device to display a fourth sinusoidal grating (hereinafter referred to as monocular matching grating 2) at the position of the non-amblyopic eye of the amblyopic patient. This sinusoidal grating has a phase located at a preset binocular balance point (zero phase point), a contrast value of a random value between 0-100%, and a spatial position near but not overlapping with the aforementioned two binocular integrated gratings. Therefore, the patient will perceive two sinusoidal gratings at this time, one of which is the aforementioned integrated grating, and the other is monocular matching grating 2.

[0103] 7) The patient adjusts the contrast value of the monocular matching grating 2 through the interactive device until its contrast is perceptually close to the aforementioned integrated grating, and the host control device records the contrast value m4 of the monocular matching grating 2 at this time.

[0104] 8) The control device performs a quantitative analysis of the patient's individual visual function impairment characteristics based on the contrast m2 of the binocular gratings observed by the non-amblyopic eye, the contrast value m3 of the monocular matching grating 1, and the contrast value m4 of the monocular matching grating 2 when the preset binocular balance point is reached. It then provides the contribution values ​​of the degree of weakening of the amblyopic eye input signal and the degree of inhibition of the amblyopic eye input signal by the non-amblyopic eye to the amblyopic eye input signal to the amblyopic visual impairment.

[0105] The specific calculation method is as follows:

[0106] The attenuation factor (AF) of the input signal in amblyopic eye is 1 - m⁴ / m³.

[0107] The inhibition factor (IF) of the non-amblyopic eye on the input signal from the amblyopic eye is calculated as: IF = [m⁴ / (m²×m³)]. N The value of N can be assigned after statistical experiments based on the specific type of physical property used. In the case of using a grating, N can be assigned a value between 2 and 2.5.

[0108] 9) Based on the data calculated above, the system generates modes and dosages for monocular reinforcement training and binocular training for the patient. The binocular training mode is a binocular vision task training performed when the contrast of the amblyopic eye stimulus input is 100% and the contrast of the non-amblyopic eye stimulus input is m2, including but not limited to different types of binocular vision tasks such as binocular fusion, competition, correlation, and stereo. The monocular reinforcement training mode is a monocular detection or discrimination task training performed by occluding the non-amblyopic eye. The dosage ratio of the two is allocated according to the above quantitative results.

[0109] AF is used as the primary criterion, while DIFF and BF are used as auxiliary criteria. Generally, when the input signal attenuation in the amblyopic eye is greater than 10%, monocular (amblyopic) training is preferred, with the training dose calculated as 100*INT(90*AF+30) (INT is a rounding function; for example, if AF = 0.36, the total dose is 6200), and training is conducted at 400-1200 trials / day. If AF ≤ 10%, binocular visual function training is used, with the training dose calculated as min(12000, max(100*INT(IF*10), 100*INT(90*AF+30)), and training is conducted at 400-1200 trials / day. When age, cognitive level, etc., are considered, training may be necessary. When limitations such as physical ability, comprehension, or cooperation prevent a reasonable estimation of the degree of amblyopia damage and interocular inhibition, the DIFF can be used for judgment: when DIFF < 60%, monocular (amblyopia) visual function enhancement training is adopted, with the training dose calculated as 100 * INT [120 * (1 - DIFF)], and training is conducted at 400-1000 trials / day; if DIFF >= 60%, binocular visual function training is adopted, with the training dose calculated as max(3000, 100 * INT [120 * (1 - DIFF)]), and training is conducted at 400-1000 trials / day.

[0110] 10) Simultaneously, a communication device is also connected to the control unit to transmit information to remote personnel (professional physicians and perceptual training experts). During the training process, patients can periodically or as needed send back training results to professional doctors and training experts, who can then track and evaluate the training results in real time and adjust the training tasks, modes, and dosages in real time for better training.

[0111] The following are the specific training and effects collected from two amblyopic patients of different ages based on the steps described above.

[0112] As shown in the table below, visual acuity information was collected from a 20-year-old patient with anisometropia, and a training test was conducted. The test results showed m2 = 0.18, m3 = 0.95, and m4 = 0.54. Based on the formula, the attenuation degree of the input signal in the amblyopic eye, AF = 1 - 0.64 / 0.95 = 0.43. The training dose was calculated as 100 * INT (90 * AF + 30), resulting in a total dose of 6800 times. Contrast sensitivity is the most important visual function and a typical impairment in amblyopia. This amblyopic child showed significant impairment in contrast sensitivity. Since the left eye was the amblyopic eye, contrast detection training was first conducted on the left eye, with 850 training sessions per day for a total of 8 days. After 8 training sessions, the visual acuity of the amblyopic eye significantly improved (from 0.6 to 0.8 in the right eye), while the visual acuity of the healthy eye remained good, and contrast sensitivity also significantly improved. Figure 4The stereoscopic vision function has also been improved from 50" to 20".

[0113]

[0114] As shown in the table below, visual acuity information of a 6-year-old child with amblyopia in both eyes was collected, and a training test was conducted. The visual acuity and stereopsis information of the patient's two eyes were measured using a clinical visual acuity chart and stereopsis test methods, as shown in the table below. Due to the child's young age, it was impossible to complete the relevant measurements of the degree of amblyopia and interocular inhibition; therefore, the treatment plan was determined based on the functional differences between the two eyes. The visual acuity ratio of the right eye to the left eye was 0.3 / 0.6 = 0.5. According to the above formula (100*INT[120*(1-0.5)]), the total training dose was calculated to be 6000. Contrast sensitivity is the most important visual function and a typical impairment in amblyopia; the contrast sensitivity impairment in this amblyopic child was very significant ( Figure 5 Furthermore, since the right eye is the weaker eye, the right eye contrast detection task was selected for training first, with 750 trials per training session, for a total of 8 training sessions. After 8 training sessions, the visual acuity of both eyes of the amblyopic patient improved significantly (right eye from 0.3 to 0.5, left eye from 0.6 to 0.8), and the contrast sensitivity also improved significantly. Figure 5 The stereoscopic vision function has also been improved from 200" to 60".

[0115]

[0116] Eleven adult amblyopic patients were trained using the training system provided by this invention. As shown in Figure 6, after an average of 8 days of training, their visual acuity improved by an average of 2 lines (middle; the lower the logMAR visual acuity, the better, 0.1logMAR corresponds to 1 line), and their contrast sensitivity (left) and stereopsis (right) were also significantly improved.

[0117] The adaptive amblyopia training system and method provided by this invention are also applicable to visual function impairment training for other diseases such as myopia and presbyopia.

[0118] Obviously, the above embodiments are merely illustrative examples for clear explanation and are not intended to limit the implementation. Those skilled in the art will recognize that other variations or modifications can be made based on the above description. It is neither necessary nor possible to exhaustively list all possible implementations here. However, obvious variations or modifications derived therefrom are still within the scope of protection of this invention.

Claims

1. A personalized adaptive quantitative analysis and adjustment method for amblyopia, characterized in that, The method includes the following steps: Step 1: The control device extracts visual patterns from the visual training task database, forms a visual training task, and transmits it to the display device for amblyopic patients to train monocular and / or binocular functions. Step 2: Adjust the physical properties of the first visual pattern observed by the amblyopic eye and / or the physical properties of the second visual pattern observed by the non-amblyopic eye through the interactive device. The amblyopic patient judges the physical dimension of the corresponding visual pattern through the amblyopic eye and / or the non-amblyopic eye respectively. The control device records and stores the physical property values ​​of the first visual pattern observed by the amblyopic eye and / or the second visual pattern observed by the non-amblyopic eye. Step 3: The control device sends a command to the display device to gradually eliminate the first visual pattern or the second visual pattern or simultaneously eliminate the first and second visual patterns, while waiting for the amblyopic patient to make a task judgment. The control device records and stores the accuracy rate or reaction time data of the judgment. Step 4: The control device sends a command to the display device, so that the display device displays a third visual pattern to the amblyopic eye of the amblyopic patient. The third visual pattern has different physical properties from the first visual pattern and the second visual pattern, and the spatial position of the third visual pattern on the retina is close to the spatial position of the first visual pattern and the second visual pattern on the retina. Step 5: The amblyopic patient adjusts the physical properties of the third visual pattern observed by the amblyopic eye through the interactive device until the visual perception is the same as the pattern after the integration of the first and second visual patterns. The control device records and stores the physical property values ​​of the third visual pattern observed by the amblyopic eye. Step 6: The control device sends a command to the display device, causing the display device to gradually eliminate the third visual pattern; Step 7: The control device sends a command to the display device, so that the display device displays a fourth visual pattern to the non-amblyopic eye of the amblyopic patient. The fourth visual pattern has different physical properties from the first visual pattern and the second visual pattern, so that the spatial position of the fourth visual pattern on the retina is close to the spatial position of the first visual pattern and the second visual pattern on the retina. Step 8: The amblyopic patient adjusts the physical properties of the fourth visual pattern observed by the non-amblyopic eye through the interactive device until the visual perception is the same as the visual pattern after the integration of the first and second visual patterns. The control device records and stores the physical property values ​​of the fourth visual pattern observed by the non-amblyopic eye. Step 9: Based on the physical attribute values ​​of the first visual pattern, the second visual pattern, the third visual pattern, and the fourth visual pattern, or based on the reaction time or accuracy data described in steps 1-3, the control device performs a quantitative analysis of the visual function impairment characteristics through the amblyopia damage mechanism quantitative analysis model, and obtains specific values ​​of the degree of weakening of the input signal of the amblyopic eye and the degree of interocular inhibition of the input signal of the non-amblyopic eye on the amblyopic eye, the performance difference data of the amblyopic eye and the non-amblyopic eye in monocular tasks, and binocular visual function data. The attenuation degree of the input signal in amblyopic eye is AF = 1 - m4 / m3; Interocular inhibition of the input signal from the non-amblyopic eye to the amblyopic eye: IF = [m⁴ / (m²×m³)] N , where N is a real number ≥ 1; Where m2, m3, and m4 are the physical property values ​​of the obtained second, third, and fourth visual patterns, respectively; Data on the functional differences in monocular tasks between amblyopic and non-amblyopic eyes: DIFF=m2 / m1; Where m1 and m2 are the physical attribute values ​​of the first visual pattern and the second visual pattern obtained at the same accuracy or reaction time level when performing monocular function measurement; Binocular visual function data BF=(m1+m2) / 2; Where m1 and m2 are the physical attribute values ​​of the first and second visual patterns at a specific accuracy or reaction time level during binocular function measurement, respectively, and m1 is generally taken as m2; Step 10: Based on the data on the degree of weakening of the input signal of the amblyopic eye obtained in Step 9, the data on the difference in performance of the amblyopic eye and the non-amblyopic eye in the monocular task, and the binocular visual function data, the control device forms a personalized training task, obtains the mode and dosage of monocular strengthening training and binocular training for amblyopic patients, and repeats all or part of the steps from Step 1 to Step 9 according to the settings and needs until the set threshold or training intensity is reached, and then stops the training. AF is used as the primary criterion, while DIFF and BF are used as auxiliary criteria. If AF>10%, monocular visual function enhancement training is adopted, and the training dose is calculated as 100*INT(90*AF+30), where INT is an integer function, and training is carried out at 400-1200 trials / day. If AF≤10%, binocular vision function training is adopted. The training dose is calculated according to min(12000,max(100*INT(IF*10), 100*INT(90*AF+30))), and training is carried out at 400-1200 trials / day. When it is impossible to reasonably estimate AF and IF due to limitations such as age, cognitive level, comprehension ability, or cooperation level, the judgment should be based on DIFF: If DIFF < 60%, use monocular visual function enhancement training for the amblyopic eye. The training dose is calculated as 100 * INT [120 * (1 - DIFF)], and training is carried out at 400-1000 trials / day. If DIFF>=60%, binocular visual function training is adopted, and the training dose is calculated as max(3000, 100*INT[120*(1-DIFF)]), and training is carried out at 400-1000 trials / day.

2. The personalized adaptive amblyopia quantitative analysis and adjustment method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method further includes: Step 11, during the training process, the amblyopic patient periodically or as needed transmits the training results back to the professional doctor and training expert through the communication device. The doctor or training expert tracks and evaluates the training results in real time, and adjusts the training tasks and training dosage in real time before transmitting them to the control device through the communication device for the amblyopic patient to train.

3. The personalized adaptive amblyopia quantitative analysis and adjustment method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The method also includes: Step 12, during the training process, the amblyopic patient periodically or as needed transmits the evaluation of the patient's training participation level to professional doctors, training experts and parents through a communication device. The doctor or training expert tracks and evaluates the patient's training participation and completion in real time, and makes manual contact when necessary.

4. The personalized adaptive amblyopia quantitative analysis and adjustment method according to claim 3, characterized in that, The method further includes: Step 13, after the amblyopic patient completes a training task, repeating steps 1-9 to perform quantitative analysis of the performance function difference data of the amblyopic eye and the non-amblyopic eye on the monocular task, binocular visual function data, and the degree of weakening of the input signal of the amblyopic eye, and then performing step 10 to judge AF, IF and BF, DIFF, and determine whether to continue training and the training mode and dosage.

5. The personalized adaptive amblyopia quantitative analysis and adjustment method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step 10, if DIFF is less than 20%, BF is less than 20% different from the normal control, AF is less than 10%, and IF is less than 2, consider terminating the training; otherwise, repeat steps 1-10 to continue training.

6. A personalized adaptive amblyopia training system, characterized in that, The personalized adaptive amblyopia quantitative analysis and adjustment method according to any one of claims 1-5, the system includes a control device, a display device, and an interaction device; the control device contains a visual training task database and a quantitative analysis model of amblyopia damage mechanism, the visual training task database contains a variety of visual patterns, the control device is connected to the display device and the interaction device, the interaction device is used to adjust the physical properties of the visual images observed by the amblyopic patient through the display device and feed them back to the control device; The control device, based on the recorded performance of amblyopic patients in visual pattern training, uses the amblyopia damage mechanism quantitative analysis model to quantify the visual function impairment characteristics of amblyopic patients, obtaining monocular and binocular visual function data, the degree of attenuation of the input signal to the amblyopic eye, and the degree of interocular inhibition of the input signal to the amblyopic eye by the non-amblyopic eye. Based on the quantitative analysis results of the amblyopia damage mechanism, the control device extracts visual patterns from the visual training task database, generates a personalized visual training task for the amblyopic patient, and transmits it to the display device for the amblyopic patient to perform visual training.

7. The personalized adaptive amblyopia training system according to claim 6, characterized in that, The control device is a device with program execution, data processing and storage functions, including a computer, mobile phone or any other processor or memory with programming function.

8. The personalized adaptive amblyopia training system according to claim 7, characterized in that, The display device is a display capable of enabling binocular vision and / or a device that assists in enabling binocular vision.

9. The personalized adaptive amblyopia training system according to claim 8, characterized in that, The display device displays binocular visual patterns that are identical, similar, or complementary. The interactive device adjusts the physical properties of the presented visual patterns to make them identical or different.

10. The personalized adaptive amblyopia training system according to claim 6, characterized in that, The interactive device is a device that provides feedback to the user on a visual training task, and it is one of the following: a game joystick, a device with multiple buttons, a mouse, a response box, or a touch screen with multiple click options.

11. The personalized adaptive amblyopia training system according to claim 6, characterized in that, The visual training task is a visual graphic that stimulates the retinal receptor cells of the human eye and quantifies the physical properties of the graphic, including one or a combination of sinusoidal gratings, square wave gratings, Gabor gratings, raw or filtered numbers / Chinese characters / letters, raw or filtered natural stimuli, dots, or visual noise graphics.

12. The personalized adaptive amblyopia training system according to any one of claims 6-11, characterized in that, The system also includes a wired or wireless communication device connected to the control device. The communication device transmits the training results of the amblyopic patient and the results of the training participation evaluation task back to the amblyopic patient, the child's parents, professional doctors, and perceptual training experts. Professional doctors and perceptual training experts can track and accurately evaluate the training results and the amblyopic patient's participation during the training period in real time, and make personalized adjustments to the subsequent training plan for the amblyopic patient.

13. The personalized adaptive amblyopia training system according to claim 6, characterized in that, The personalized visual training task includes training modes and training dosage. The training modes include four modes: monocular visual function training task, monocular visual function training and binocular visual function training combined task, binocular visual function training and monocular visual function training combined task, and binocular visual function training task. The training dosage is 3,000-12,000 trials / task, and is evenly distributed according to 5-20 training sessions.

14. The personalized adaptive amblyopia training system according to claim 6, characterized in that, The interactive device adjusts the physical properties of the visual image observed by the amblyopic patient. The physical properties of the visual image include one or more of the following physical properties: contrast, brightness, phase, orientation, angle, direction, size, color, shape, spatial frequency, temporal frequency, stereo depth, motion speed, motion direction, motion direction consistency level, binocular disparity, presentation time, and presentation position.

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