Dual mode respiratory device

Abstract

The breathing device includes a canister containing pressurized breathing gas, a regulator having an inlet connected to the canister, an outlet for supplying breathing gas to a user, and a valve configured to control the flow of breathing gas between the inlet and outlet. The faceplate includes a first port for connection to the outlet of the regulator, a second port adapted for connection to an air purification system, and an exhalation valve. A pneumatic pressure regulating assembly is operatively connected to the exhalation valve and has a first pneumatic connection operatively connected to a second pneumatic connection in the regulator. The pneumatic pressure regulating assembly is operable to regulate the internal faceplate pressure for opening the exhalation valve based on whether breathing gas is being supplied to the pneumatic pressure regulating assembly. An alignment mechanism is provided for aligning the regulator with the faceplate.

Description

[0001] Cross-reference to related applications

[0002] This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 077,097, filed September 11, 2020, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. Technical Field

[0003] This disclosure generally relates to apparatus, systems, and methods for operating a respiratory device in multiple modes, and in particular to apparatus, systems, and methods for operating the face piece of a respiratory device at different pressures via different operating modes. Background Technology

[0004] A self-contained breathing apparatus (“SCBA”) is a device used to enable breathing in environments where there is an immediate danger to life and health. For example, firefighters may wear an SCBA while fighting a fire. An SCBA typically has a harness that supports an air canister containing a pressurized air source. The air canister is operatively connected to the faceplate via an air line to deliver air to the user. The air canister typically contains air or gas at a high pressure (2200 psi–5500 psi) and is connected to a primary regulator that reduces the pressure to approximately 80 psi. An SCBA typically has a secondary regulator with an intake valve that controls the airflow between the air canister and the faceplate for breathing. Typically, the intake valve controls the airflow through the secondary regulator in response to the user's breathing needs.

[0005] Typically, a diaphragm divides the regulator assembly into an inner chamber and an outer chamber. The inner chamber has a pressure corresponding to the pressure inside the SCBA shell, and the outer chamber has a pressure corresponding to the ambient pressure (typically ambient pressure). The diaphragm is coupled to an actuator that opens and closes the intake valve. The user's breathing creates a pressure difference between the inner and outer chambers of the regulator assembly, which in turn causes displacement of the diaphragm, thereby controlling the intake valve mechanism, for example, by selectively opening and closing the intake valve mechanism.

[0006] The SCBA's faceplate is typically maintained at a positive pressure relative to the ambient pressure to, for example, prevent toxic gases and vapors from entering the faceplate. This positive pressure can be promoted, for example, by using a spring-biased diaphragm.

[0007] A combination breathing apparatus is a device that combines two or more breathing apparatuses approved by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) into a single integrated system. For example, such a combination breathing apparatus may be configured to operate as an SCBA in a first operating mode and as an air-purifying breathing apparatus (APR) in a second operating mode. In APR mode, oxygen is supplied to the user from the working atmosphere, and the faceplate is typically maintained at the same pressure as the ambient environment. Combining an APR with an SCBA breathing apparatus requires the exhalation valve to meet the low resistance requirement for APR exhalation resistance while also allowing the pressure within the faceplate to be higher than ambient pressure for SCBA operation. An example of such a dual-mode breathing apparatus is disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 8,256,420, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

[0008] Existing dual-mode breathing devices are not configured to adjust the diaphragm bias between the SCBA configuration (where the faceplate is maintained at a positive pressure relative to ambient pressure) and the APR configuration (where the faceplate is maintained at the same pressure as ambient pressure). This makes exhalation difficult in the APR configuration. Furthermore, existing dual-mode breathing devices are not configured to securely align the regulator assembly with the faceplate each time connection is made between these two components. Additionally, existing dual-mode breathing devices are not configured to prevent the simultaneous use of the single-mode faceplate with the dual-mode regulator assembly.

[0009] Therefore, there is a desire to improve existing dual-mode breathing devices. Summary of the Invention

[0010] Typically, an improved breathing device is provided, which may have a canister configured to contain pressurized breathing gas, a regulator having an inlet for connection to the canister via a first air line, an outlet for supplying breathing gas to a user, and a valve configured to control the flow of breathing gas between the inlet and outlet based at least in part on the user's breathing. The breathing device may further include a faceplate having a first port configured to be fluidly connected to the outlet of the regulator to introduce pressurized breathing gas into the faceplate, a second port adapted for connection to an air purification system, and an exhalation valve through which the user's exhaled breath exits the faceplate. A pneumatic pressure regulating assembly may be operatively connected to the exhalation valve. The pneumatic pressure regulating assembly may have a first pneumatic connection operatively connected to a second pneumatic connection in the regulator. The pneumatic pressure regulating assembly is operable to regulate the internal faceplate pressure required to open the exhalation valve based on whether pressurized breathing gas is supplied to the pneumatic pressure regulating assembly. An alignment mechanism may be provided for aligning the regulator with the faceplate such that the first pneumatic connection of the pressure regulating assembly in the faceplate is aligned with the second pneumatic connection in the regulator.

[0011] According to some non-limiting embodiments or aspects, the alignment mechanism may include a pin on one of the regulator and the faceplate, and a corresponding recess on the other of the regulator and the faceplate. The recess may include an open end configured to receive the pin, and a closed end opposite the open end and serving as a stop surface for the pin. The regulator may rotate relative to the faceplate until the pin is received through the open end of the recess and engages the closed end of the recess. When the pin engages the closed end of the recess, the regulator may be aligned with the faceplate to establish a pneumatic connection in the pneumatic pressure regulating assembly.

[0012] According to some non-limiting embodiments or aspects, a safety device may be disposed on the faceplate and configured to mate with a corresponding safety feature on the regulator. The safety device may be a protrusion extending outward from the regulator connection interface on the faceplate, and the safety feature on the regulator may be a slot configured to receive the protrusion when the regulator is connected to the faceplate. The absence of a safety feature on the regulator may prevent the regulator from connecting to the faceplate.

[0013] According to some non-limiting embodiments or aspects, the air purification system may include a filter configured to deliver filtered ambient air via a second air line to a second port on the faceplate. At least one of the filter and the second air line may be connected to a clip on a user-worn shoulder strap. The filter and the second air line may be detachably connected to the clip. The clip may move between an extended position and a retracted position, the extended position being configured to receive at least one of the filter and the second air line. The clip may be detachably connected to the shoulder strap.

[0014] According to some non-limiting embodiments or aspects, an actuator may be provided through which a pressurized breathing gas flow from the tank to the regulator inlet can be started when the actuator is in a first state and stopped when the actuator is in a second state.

[0015] According to some non-limiting embodiments or aspects, a facemask configured for use with a breathing apparatus may include a regulator having an inlet for connection to a canister via a first air line, an outlet for supplying breathing gas to a user, and a valve configured to control the flow of breathing gas between the inlet and outlet based at least in part on the user's breathing. The facemask may further include a face shell having a first port configured to be fluidly connected to the outlet of the regulator to introduce pressurized breathing gas into the face shell, a second port adapted for connection to an air purification system, and an exhalation valve through which the user's exhaled breath exits the face shell. A pneumatic pressure regulating assembly may be operatively connected to the exhalation valve. The pneumatic pressure regulating assembly may have a first pneumatic connection operatively connected to a second pneumatic connection in the regulator. The pneumatic pressure regulating assembly is operable to regulate the internal face shell pressure required to open the exhalation valve based on whether pressurized breathing gas is supplied to the pneumatic pressure regulating assembly. An alignment mechanism may be provided for aligning the regulator with the faceplate, such that the first pneumatic connection of the pressure regulating assembly in the faceplate is aligned with the second pneumatic connection in the regulator.

[0016] According to certain implementation schemes or aspects, the respirator mask may be characterized by one or more of the following:

[0017] Clause 1. A breathing device comprising: a canister configured to contain pressurized breathing gas; a regulator including an inlet for connection to the canister via a first air line, an outlet for supplying breathing gas to a user, and a valve configured to control the flow of breathing gas between the inlet and the outlet based at least in part on the user's breathing; a faceplate including a first port configured to be fluidly connected to the outlet of the regulator to introduce pressurized breathing gas into the faceplate, a second port adapted for connection to an air purification system, and an exhalation valve through which the user's exhaled breath exits the faceplate; a pneumatic pressure regulating assembly operatively connected to the exhalation valve, the pneumatic pressure regulating assembly having a first pneumatic connection operatively connected to a second pneumatic connection in the regulator, the pneumatic pressure regulating assembly being operable to regulate an internal faceplate pressure required to open the exhalation valve based on whether pressurized breathing gas is supplied to the pneumatic pressure regulating assembly via the second pneumatic connection in the regulator; and an alignment mechanism for aligning the regulator and the faceplate such that the first pneumatic connection of the pressure regulating assembly in the faceplate is aligned with the second pneumatic connection in the regulator.

[0018] Clause 2. The breathing device according to Clause 1, wherein the alignment mechanism comprises a pin on one of the regulator and the faceplate and a corresponding recess on the other of the regulator and the faceplate.

[0019] Clause 3. The breathing device according to Clause 1 or 2, wherein the recess includes an open end configured to receive a pin, and a closed end opposite the open end and serving as a stop surface for the pin, and wherein the adjuster is rotatable relative to the faceplate until the pin is received through the open end of the recess and engages the closed end of the recess.

[0020] Clause 4. The breathing device according to any one of Clauses 1-3, wherein when the pin engages the closed end of the recess, the regulator is aligned with the faceplate to establish a pneumatic connection in the pneumatic pressure regulating assembly.

[0021] Clause 5. The breathing device according to any one of Clauses 1-4 further includes a safety device on the faceplate configured to dock with a corresponding safety feature on the regulator.

[0022] Clause 6. The breathing apparatus according to any one of Clauses 1-5, wherein the safety device is a protrusion extending outward from the regulator connection interface on the face shell, and wherein the safety feature on the regulator is configured to receive a slot of the protrusion when the regulator is connected to the face shell.

[0023] Clause 7. A breathing device according to any one of Clauses 1-6, wherein the regulator lacks a safety feature to prevent the regulator from being connected to the faceplate.

[0024] Clause 8. The breathing apparatus according to any one of Clauses 1-7, wherein the air purification system includes a filter configured to deliver filtered ambient air via a second air line to a second port on the faceplate.

[0025] Clause 9. The breathing device according to any one of Clauses 1-8, wherein at least one of the filter and the second air line is connectable to a clip on a user-worn strap.

[0026] Clause 10. The breathing apparatus according to any one of Clauses 1-9, wherein the filter and the second air line are detachably connected to the clamp.

[0027] Clause 11. The breathing device according to any one of Clauses 1-10, wherein the clamp is movable between an extended position and a retracted position configured to receive at least one of a filter and a second air line.

[0028] Clause 12. The breathing device according to any one of Clauses 1-11, wherein the clip is detachably attached to the carrying strap.

[0029] Clause 13. The breathing apparatus according to any one of Clauses 1-12 further comprises an actuator via which a pressurized breathing gas flow from the canister to the regulator inlet is initiated when the actuator is placed in a first state and stopped when the actuator is placed in a second state.

[0030] Clause 14. A mask configured for use with a breathing apparatus, the mask comprising: a regulator including an inlet configured to be connected to a canister containing pressurized breathing gas, an outlet for providing breathing gas to a user, and a valve configured to control the flow of breathing gas between the inlet and the outlet based at least in part on the user's breathing; a face shell including a first port configured to be fluidly connected to the outlet of the regulator to introduce pressurized breathing gas into the face shell, a second port adapted to be connected to an air purification system, and an exhalation valve through which the user's exhaled breath exits the face shell; a pneumatic pressure regulating assembly operatively connected to the exhalation valve, the pneumatic pressure regulating assembly having a first pneumatic connection operatively connected to a second pneumatic connection in the regulator, the pneumatic pressure regulating assembly being operable to regulate the internal face shell pressure required to open the exhalation valve based on whether pressurized breathing gas is delivered to the pneumatic pressure regulating assembly; and an alignment mechanism for aligning the regulator and the face shell such that the first pneumatic connection of the pressure regulating assembly in the face shell is aligned with the second pneumatic connection in the regulator.

[0031] Clause 15. The face mask as described in Clause 14, wherein the alignment mechanism comprises a pin on one of the adjuster and the face shell and a corresponding recess on the other of the adjuster and the face shell.

[0032] Clause 16. The face mask according to Clause 14 or 15, wherein the recess includes an open end configured to receive a pin, and a closed end opposite the open end and serving as a stop surface for the pin, and wherein the adjuster is rotatable relative to the face mask until the pin is received through the open end of the recess and engages the closed end of the recess.

[0033] Clause 17. The face mask according to any one of Clauses 14-16, wherein, when the pin engages the closed end of the recess, the adjuster is aligned with the face shell to establish a pneumatic connection in the pneumatic pressure regulating assembly.

[0034] Clause 18. The face mask according to any one of Clauses 14-17 further includes a safety device on the face shell configured to dock with a corresponding safety feature on the regulator.

[0035] Clause 19. The face mask according to any one of Clauses 14-18, wherein the safety device is a protrusion extending outward from the adjuster connection interface on the face shell, and wherein the safety feature on the adjuster is configured to receive a slot of the protrusion when the adjuster is connected to the face shell.

[0036] Clause 20. A face mask according to any one of Clauses 14-19, wherein the regulator lacks a safety feature to prevent the regulator from being attached to the face shell.

[0037] These and other features and characteristics of the apparatus and systems described herein, as well as methods of manufacturing such apparatus and systems, will become more apparent upon consideration of the following description and appended claims with reference to the accompanying drawings, all of which form part of this specification, wherein like reference numerals denote corresponding portions in the figures. However, it should be clearly understood that the drawings are for illustrative and explanatory purposes only. Attached Figure Description

[0038] Figure 1 This is a front perspective view of a respiratory device according to some non-limiting embodiments or aspects of this disclosure;

[0039] Figure 2A yes Figure 1 The front perspective view of the mask shown;

[0040] Figure 2B This is an exploded perspective view of a face mask according to some non-limiting embodiments or aspects of this disclosure;

[0041] Figure 3 This is an exploded perspective view of a pneumatic pressure regulating assembly used with the exhalation valve of a faceplate, according to some non-limiting embodiments or aspects of this disclosure.

[0042] Figure 4A It is the first operating mode. Figure 3 A side sectional view of the pneumatic pressure regulating assembly shown.

[0043] Figure 4B It is the second operating mode. Figure 3 A side sectional view of the pneumatic pressure regulating assembly shown.

[0044] Figures 5A to 5C This is a front perspective view of an alignment mechanism for aligning the regulator with the face shell during the connection of the regulator to the face shell, according to some non-limiting embodiments or aspects of this disclosure.

[0045] Figure 5D This is a top view of an alignment mechanism for aligning the regulator with the faceplate, according to some non-limiting embodiments or aspects of this disclosure;

[0046] Figure 6 This is a top view showing the faceplate safety device with the first adjuster;

[0047] Figure 7 This is a top view showing the faceplate safety device with a second adjuster;

[0048] Figure 8This is a detailed view of the connection interface between the faceplate and the regulator, configured for dual-mode operation;

[0049] Figure 9 This is a detailed view of the connection interface between the faceplate and the regulator, configured for use only in SCBA operation;

[0050] Figure 10A This is a front perspective view of a filter and filter clip according to some non-limiting embodiments or aspects of this disclosure;

[0051] Figure 10B It does not come with a filter. Figure 10A The front perspective view of the filter clip shown;

[0052] Figure 10C It is in a folding configuration. Figure 10B The front perspective view of the filter clip shown; and

[0053] Figure 10D It was removed from the clip bracket. Figure 10B The front perspective view of the filter clip shown.

[0054] exist Figures 1 to 10D Unless otherwise specified, the same markings denote the same parts. Detailed Implementation

[0055] As used herein, the singular forms of “a,” “an,” and “the” include plural indicators unless the context clearly specifies otherwise.

[0056] Spatial or directional terms such as “left,” “right,” “inner,” “outer,” “above,” and “below” are relevant to the invention as illustrated in the accompanying drawings and should not be considered limiting, as the invention can employ various alternative orientations.

[0057] All figures used in the specification and claims should be understood to be modified in all cases by the term “about”. “About” means within plus or minus twenty-five percent of the stated value. However, this should not be construed as limiting any analysis of the values ​​under the doctrine of equivalence.

[0058] Unless otherwise stated, all ranges or ratios disclosed herein should be understood to encompass the starting and ending values, as well as any and all subranges or subratios included therein. For example, the specified range or ratio of “1 to 10” should be considered to include any and all subranges or subratios between the minimum value of 1 and the maximum value of 10 (and the end values ​​are included); that is, all subranges or subratios begin at the minimum value of 1 or greater and end at the maximum value of 10 or less. The ranges and / or ratios disclosed herein represent averages within the specified ranges and / or ratios.

[0059] The terms “first,” “second,” etc., are not intended to refer to any particular order or sequence, but rather to different conditions, attributes, or elements.

[0060] All documents mentioned in this article are incorporated in their entirety by reference.

[0061] The term "at least" is synonymous with "greater than or equal to".

[0062] As used herein, “at least one of…” is synonymous with “one or more of…”. For example, the phrase “at least one of A, B, or C” means any one of A, B, or C, or any two or more of A, B, or C. For example, “at least one of A, B, and C” includes only A; or only B; or only C; or includes A and B; or includes A and C; or includes B and C; or includes all of A, B, and C.

[0063] The terms "include" and "contain" are synonymous.

[0064] As used herein, the terms “parallel” or “substantially parallel” mean (if extended to the theoretical intersection) the relative angle between two objects (e.g., elongated objects), including the reference line, i.e., 0° to 5°, or 0° to 3°, or 0° to 2°, or 0° to 1°, or 0° to 0.5°, or 0° to 0.25°, or 0° to 0.1°, including the values ​​mentioned.

[0065] As used herein, the terms “perpendicular” and “substantially perpendicular” mean that the relative angle between two objects at their actual or theoretical intersection is 85° to 90°, or 87° to 90°, or 88° to 90°, or 89° to 90°, or 89.5° to 90°, or 89.75° to 90°, or 89.9° to 90°, including the values ​​mentioned.

[0066] The discussion of various embodiments or aspects may describe certain features as “particularly” or “preferred” within certain limitations (e.g., “preferred,” “more preferred,” or “even more preferred” within certain limitations). It will be understood that this disclosure is not limited to these specific or preferred limitations, but covers the entire scope of the various embodiments and aspects described herein.

[0067] This disclosure includes, constitutes, or substantially constitutes any combination of the following embodiments or aspects. Various embodiments or aspects of this disclosure are illustrated in separate drawings. However, it will be understood that this is merely for ease of illustration and discussion. In practice, one or more embodiments or aspects illustrated in one drawing may be combined with one or more embodiments or aspects illustrated in one or more other drawings.

[0068] This disclosure relates to a breathing device capable of operating between at least two modes. In a first operating mode, the breathing device is configured for SCBA (Super-Sound Exhalation Breathing), wherein breathing air is delivered from the pressurized air tank to the face shell via an air line connected to the face shell and the pressurized air tank. In a second operating mode, the breathing device is configured for APR (Action Respiratory Breathing), wherein breathing air is delivered to the face shell via an air line connected to a filter. In some non-limiting embodiments or aspects described herein, the apparatus, system, or method of the dual-mode breathing device allows a user to quickly, easily, and automatically switch between face shell exhalation modes and APR modes.

[0069] refer to Figure 1 The breathing apparatus 10 includes a mask 20 configured to be selectively connected to a canister 200 containing pressurized breathing gas for delivery to the mask 20 via a first air line 202, or a filter 300 configured to deliver filtered ambient air to the mask 20 via a second air line 302. Figure 2A As shown, the mask 20 includes a face shell 100 and an adjuster 101 detachably connected to the face shell 100. The face shell 100 includes a first port 112 formed in the adjuster interface portion of the face shell 100 to provide fluid communication between the face shell 100 and the outlet of the adjuster 101 via a mounting or mounting interface, such that air can be supplied from the canister 200 to the face shell 100 when the breathing device 10 is operating in SCBA mode. In some non-limiting embodiments or aspects, the canister 200 is supported on a backplate 204, which is connected to a user-worn carrying strap. Figure 1 (Only a portion of the shoulder strap 304 shown). The canister 200 includes a canister actuation valve 206 to supply pressurized breathing gas to a first-stage regulator 208, which in turn delivers the breathing gas to a second-stage pressure regulator associated with regulator 101 for final depressurization.

[0070] refer to Figure 2A The faceplate 100 further includes a second port 114 configured to be in fluid communication with the filter 300 via a second air line 302 when the breathing device 10 is operating in APR mode. In some embodiments or aspects, the second port 114 may be formed in a lens 116 of the faceplate 100. The lens 116 of the faceplate 100 is housed in a frame 117 having a seal 119 configured to form a seal with the periphery of the user's face. General operation of an exemplary faceplate is described, for example, in U.S. Patent No. 8,256,420.

[0071] refer to Figure 2BThe faceplate 100 includes an exhalation valve 250 for discharging exhaled air from inside the faceplate 100. In some non-limiting embodiments or aspects, the exhalation valve 250 is biased against a valve seat 252. The exhalation valve 250 has a rigid contact member 254 and a resilient sealing member 256 attached to the contact member 254 and extending beyond the outer edge or periphery of the contact member 254. The exhalation valve 250 is configured to move between a closed position and an open position in response to a user's breathing. When the exhalation valve 250 is in the closed position, for example during inhalation, the resilient sealing member 256 is configured to sealably engage against the valve seat 252. During exhalation, the pressure generated by the user's exhaled air causes the resilient sealing member 256 to move away from the valve seat 252 to allow exhaled air to escape.

[0072] Continue to refer to Figure 2B The housing 100 includes a component housing cover 191 detachably connected to the regulator interface housing 199. The component housing cover 191 may have a first connecting member 193 configured to interact with a second connecting member 195 on the regulator interface housing 199. In some non-limiting embodiments or aspects, the first connecting member 193 is configured to releasably engage the second connecting member 195 to enable the component housing cover 191 to be detachably connected to the regulator interface housing 199. The first connecting member 193 and the second connecting member 195 may be detachably engaged with each other via mechanical or magnetic connections.

[0073] Continue to refer to Figure 2B The regulator interface housing 199 has a connection surface 197 configured to engage a corresponding connection surface 201 on the regulator 101. When connected, the regulator 101 is mechanically and pneumatically connected to the regulator interface housing 199. In some non-limiting embodiments or aspects, the component housing cover 191 of the mask 100 has a first pneumatic connector 131 configured to pneumatically engage with a second pneumatic connector 129 on the regulator 101. In this way, the bias force on the exhalation valve 250 can be controlled based on the pneumatic pressure between the first pneumatic connector 131 and the second pneumatic connector 129. The second pneumatic connector 129 engages with the regulator 101 (… Figure 8 The outlet valve 136 (as shown) is in fluid communication.

[0074] Continue to refer to Figure 2B The exhalation valve 250 is biased by spring 122 into the closed position against valve seat 252. For the dual-mode breathing device 10, the force by which the exhalation valve 250 is biased against valve seat 252 is adjustable to regulate the internal pressure within the faceplate 100. In some non-limiting embodiments or aspects, the variation of the bias force on the exhalation valve 250 is controlled by pneumatic pressure regulating assembly 124. Figure 3(As shown). Pneumatic pressure, such as the pressure of breathing gas delivered from canister 200 to regulator 101 via air line 202, is used as a communication link to provide automatic indication or signaling to the pneumatic pressure regulating assembly 124 that pressurizes the system. Additionally, pneumatic pressure is used to transmit force to exhalation valve 250. In alternative, non-limiting embodiments or aspects, other communication links and / or force applicators may be provided to automatically control the force applied to exhalation valve 250 via pneumatic pressure regulating assembly 124. For example, a mechanical connection (e.g., control cable or wire) may be provided between the pressure canister actuator and pneumatic pressure regulating assembly 124. Alternatively, wired or wireless communication systems known in the art may be provided to, for example, actuate an electromechanical actuation system (e.g., a solenoid operatively connected to a servo motor) that regulates the force applied to exhalation valve 250 via pneumatic pressure regulating assembly 124.

[0075] A pneumatic pressure regulating assembly 124 is configured to change the working length of spring 122, thereby controlling the force required to open the exhalation valve 250. The pneumatic communication link between the regulator 101 and the exhalation valve 250 in the faceplate 101 operates a mechanical piston assembly during pressurization to adjust the working length of spring 122, which increases the exhalation pressure of the faceplate 100. When the mechanical piston assembly is depressurized, a return spring returns the piston to its rest position, adjusting the working length of spring 122 to decrease the exhalation pressure of the faceplate 100. In this way, the opening pressure of the exhalation valve 250 is automatically adjusted between SCBA and APR modes depending on whether pressurized air is delivered to the regulator 101, for example, when the air canister actuation valve 206 is open or closed. In this respect, apart from opening or closing the air canister actuation valve 206, it is preferable that no direct or indirect manual adjustment is required to switch the breathing device 10 between SCBA and APR modes.

[0076] refer to Figure 3 The pressure regulating assembly 124 includes an air inlet 126, which, when the breathing device 10 operates in SCBA mode, receives air from the regulator 101 ( Figure 2B and Figure 8 Pressurized air from the corresponding second pneumatic connector 129 on the regulator 101 (as shown) is introduced into the air inlet 126. The air inlet 126 defines a first pneumatic connector 131, which is configured to engage with the second pneumatic connector 129 on the regulator 101 when the regulator 101 is connected to the faceplate 100. Figure 2B (As shown) pneumatic interaction. Pressurized air from the second pneumatic connection 129 is introduced into the air inlet 126 and guided to the piston chamber 128 via a fitting 135 at one end of a conduit or pneumatic tube 130 fluidly connected to the air inlet 126. Figure 4A(As shown). A piston chamber 128 is defined between a fitting 135 and a piston 132 slidably positioned on the fitting 135. A pressure seal, such as an elastomeric seal, such as an O-ring 134, is maintained between the piston 132 and the fitting 135. A piston retainer 137 surrounds at least a portion of the outer surface of the piston 132. The piston retainer 137 is connected to a component housing cover 191 and is configured to restrict movement of the piston 132. A return spring 139 is positioned between the piston 132 and the piston retainer 137. In some non-limiting embodiments or aspects, the return spring 139 is configured to compress when the piston 132 moves distally (e.g., when the piston chamber 128 is pressurized). Conversely, the return spring 139 is configured to push the piston 132 proximally when the piston chamber 128 is depressurized. The distal end of the piston 132 may have an engagement pad 141 configured to engage the proximal end of the spring 122.

[0077] Pressurized air is introduced into piston chamber 128, for example, when regulator 101 is connected to faceplate 100 to establish a pneumatic connection between first pneumatic connector 131 and second pneumatic connector 129, causing piston 132 to move distally toward exhalation valve 250. Figure 2B As shown), thereby compressing the spring 122 to a first or stress length corresponding to the reduced working length. Figure 4A This distal movement of piston 132 also compresses return spring 139. The increased force caused by the compression of spring 122 on exhalation valve 250 allows the internal pressure within faceplate 100 to be maintained above ambient pressure.

[0078] refer to Figure 4B When air pressure is removed from regulator 101 (e.g., by disabling air can actuator valve 206, disconnecting first air line 202, or disconnecting regulator 101 from faceplate 100), the pressure in piston chamber 128 decreases and return spring 139 moves piston 132 proximally away from spring 122 and exhalation valve 250 (e.g., ...). Figure 2B (As shown). This allows the spring 122 to relax or return to a second length corresponding to the increased working length, thereby reducing the force acting on the exhalation valve 250. The reduced force acting on the exhalation valve 250 reduces the pressure within the faceplate 100 while allowing the exhalation valve 250 to maintain a seal against its seat.

[0079] refer to Figures 5A to 5C According to some non-limiting embodiments or aspects of this disclosure, an alignment mechanism 150 for aligning the regulator 101 with the faceplate 100 is shown. The regulator 101 is detachably connected to the faceplate 100, and the user must ensure that when the regulator 101 is connected to the faceplate 100, the corresponding second pneumatic connector 129 on the regulator 101 (e.g., ...) is aligned. Figure 2B and Figure 8 (as shown) and the first pneumatic connector 131 on the faceplate 100 ( Figure 8 (As shown) Proper alignment. Regulator 101 and faceplate 100 are further mechanically connected to maintain fluid communication between the second pneumatic connector 129 in regulator 101 and the corresponding first pneumatic connector 131 in faceplate 100. In some non-limiting embodiments or aspects, regulator 101 and faceplate 100 can be connected by any mechanical connection (e.g., bayonet connection, spring-loaded brake connection, press-fit connection, or any other mechanical connection). One or more locking features may be provided on at least one of regulator 101 and faceplate 100 to lock them together after the two components are aligned. In some cases, it may be difficult to determine whether regulator 101 and faceplate 100 are properly connected. If not properly connected, the pneumatic fittings in the communication link between faceplate 100 and the exhalation valve on regulator 101 may not be properly aligned, and spring 122 may not be fully compressed to its compressed state.

[0080] refer to Figures 5A to 5B The alignment mechanism 150 may include at least one pin 152 on one of the adjuster 101 and the faceplate 100, and a corresponding recess 154 on the other of the adjuster 101 and the faceplate 100. The pin 152 is configured to be received within the recess 154 when the adjuster 101 and the faceplate 100 are properly aligned. The recess 154 may have an open end 156 configured to receive the pin 152, and a closed end 158 opposite the open end 156 and serving as a stop surface for the pin 152. In this way, the adjuster 101 can be positioned relative to the faceplate 100 (e.g., along...). Figure 5A Rotate (in the direction of arrow A) until pin 152 is received through the open end 156 of recess 154 and engages with the closed end 158. This places regulator 101 in a “graded” position relative to housing 100, where the ports on regulator 101 and housing 100 are aligned but not fluidly connected. In this way, alignment mechanism 150 effectively “keyed” or aligned regulator 101 to housing 100 before the two parts are fully joined together.

[0081] refer to Figure 5B Once the adjuster 101 is rotated and aligned relative to the faceplate 100, the pin 152 is received in the recess 154 until it touches the bottom against the closed end 158 of the recess 154. Figure 5A As shown), the regulator 101 is rotated and aligned with the faceplate 100, and the pneumatic connection between the faceplate 100 and the regulator 101 (as shown) Figure 8The regulators 129 and 131 shown are appropriately oriented for fluid connection with each other. The regulator 101 can be pushed toward the housing 100 in the direction of arrow B to form a complete connection therebetween. This movement of the regulator 101 causes a locking interface on the regulator 101 to engage with a locking interface on the housing 100. For example, the brake 159 in the housing 100 can be configured to receive a movable locking element 157 on the regulator 101 to lock the regulator 101 to the housing 100 and establish a pneumatic connection therebetween. When the regulator 101 is fully connected to the housing 100, as... Figure 5C As shown, pin 152 is fully received within recess 154 and movable locking element 157 is received within brake 159.

[0082] The alignment mechanism 150 makes the connection process between the regulator 101 and the face shell 100 faster and easier because it allows the user to fully rotate the regulator 101 relative to the face shell 100 to its proper alignment position before connecting it to the face shell 100. The alignment mechanism 150 further ensures the pneumatic connection between the regulator 101 and the face shell 100 by allowing a physical connection between the regulator 101 and the face shell 100 only when the pneumatic connectors 129 and 131 are fully aligned. Figure 8 The appropriate connection of pneumatic connections 129 and 131 is shown. In this way, the pneumatic connections 129 and 131 will always deliver the appropriate pressure to the exhalation valve 250 via the pneumatic pressure regulating assembly 124.

[0083] In some non-restrictive implementation schemes or aspects, such as Figure 5D As shown, the alignment mechanism 150 may be arranged such that it is substantially coaxial with the longitudinal axis L of the adjuster 101. For example, the adjuster 101 may include a pin 152 located at the center of the body of the adjuster 101, which is substantially coaxial with the longitudinal axis L.

[0084] refer to Figure 6 In some non-limiting embodiments or aspects, the safety device 160 is disposed on the faceplate 100 and configured to allow connection only to the regulator 101 having the corresponding safety feature 161, which identifies the regulator 101 as the correct regulator for connection to the faceplate 100. For example, the safety device 160 may be configured to allow connection to the regulator 101 having suitable pneumatic connections to achieve dual-mode use of the faceplate 100. The safety device 160 is further configured to prevent connection to the regulator 101 that does not have the corresponding safety feature (see [link to relevant documentation]). Figure 7In some embodiments or aspects, the safety device 160 may have a protrusion 162 extending outward from the connection interface 165 on the housing 100. A corresponding safety feature 161 on the regulator 101 may be a slot 164 configured to receive the protrusion 162 when the regulator 101 is fully connected to the housing 100. In this way, the protrusion 162 and the slot 164 effectively serve as a “keying” arrangement, allowing connection of the regulator 101 with the appropriate slot 164, such as... Figure 6 As shown, and to prevent connection of regulator 101 without slot 164, such as Figure 7 As shown.

[0085] Continue to refer to Figure 6 The slot 164 may be provided only on the approved regulator 101 configured for dual-mode use. When the regulator 101 is connected to the faceplate 100, the protrusion 162 is shaped to be received within the slot 164. Because the protrusion 162 on the faceplate 100 interferes with the connection between the faceplate 100 and the regulator 101, the regulator 101 without the slot 164, as... Figure 7 As shown, it will be prevented from connecting to the faceplate 100.

[0086] refer to Figure 8 The diagram details the connection interface between a first pneumatic connector 131 in the faceplate 100 and a corresponding second pneumatic connector 129 in the regulator 101. The first pneumatic connector 131 has a post 133 configured to engage an outlet valve 136 on the regulator 101. The outlet valve 136 can be biased to a closed position by a spring 138 and moved to an open position when pushed by the post 133 of the first pneumatic connector 131. In some non-limiting embodiments or aspects, the first pneumatic connector 131 in the faceplate 100 can be replaced by a plug 170, such as... Figure 9 As shown. The plug 170 can be configured to receive a corresponding second pneumatic connector 129 from the regulator 101 without actuating the second pneumatic connector 129. In some non-limiting embodiments or aspects, the plug 170 can be integrally formed with the faceplate 100 as a non-removable component. In some non-limiting embodiments or aspects, the plug 170 can be detached from the faceplate 100 to allow the first pneumatic connector 131 to be installed in the faceplate 100.

[0087] In providing Figure 9With the stopper 170 shown, regardless of which regulator 101 is used with the face shell 100, the user can choose to use the face shell 100 configured for dual-mode operation (i.e., the face shell 100 with the first pneumatic connector 131) or the face shell 100 configured for SCBA-only operation (i.e., the face shell 100 with the stopper 170). If the user does not require a switchable breathing mode, the face shell 100 can be configured with the stopper 170, thereby reducing the cost of the face shell 100. If the user requires a face shell 100 with a switchable mode (SCBA to APR), the face shell 100 can be configured with the first pneumatic connector 131 to enable actuation of the exhalation valve 250.

[0088] refer to Figure 10A The filter 300 is shown as a shoulder strap 304 connected to a user-worn shoulder strap via a clip 306. The filter 300 is configured to filter ambient air using a filtering element (not shown) and deliver the filtered air to the faceplate 100 via a second air line 302. Figure 1 (As shown). By positioning the filter 300 on the shoulder strap 304, the filter 300 can be placed in the breathing device 10 (as shown). Figure 1 (As shown) During use, it should not interfere with the user's path. At least one of the filter 300 and air line 302 may be detachably attached to the clip 306. In this way, when the breathing device 10 is used in SCBA mode, the filter 300 and the second air line 302 can be removed from the breathing device 10.

[0089] refer to Figure 10B Clip 306 is shown without filter 300 and air line 302 attached thereto. Clip 306 may have a retaining portion 310 configured to receive at least a portion of at least one of filter 300 and second air line 302. In some non-limiting embodiments or aspects, the retaining portion 310 may be generally U-shaped. Figure 10B As shown, the retaining portion 310 may have a rod 311 to which a pair of arms 313 are connected. The arms 313 may be configured to deflect away from each other to allow insertion and removal of at least one of the filter 300 and the air line 302. The retaining portion 310 may be pivotally connected to the base 312. In this way, the retaining portion 310 can move between: an extended position, wherein at least one of the filter 300 and the air line 302 can be connected to or detached from the retaining portion 310. Figure 10B (as shown); and the retracted position, at which point the filter 300 and air line 302 are disconnected from the clip 306 (as shown); Figure 10C (As shown). By along Figure 10CThe direction of arrow C, as shown, rotates the retaining clip 306 relative to the base 312 around the pivot point 314, allowing the retaining portion 310 to be moved from the unfolded position to the retracted position. This is achieved by rotating the retaining clip 306 relative to the base 312 along the direction of arrow C. Figure 10C The retaining clip 306 is rotated about the pivot point 314 relative to the base 312 in the opposite direction of the arrow C shown, which can move the retaining part 310 from the folded position to the unfolded position.

[0090] refer to Figure 10D The clip 306 can be detachably attached to the shoulder strap 304. In this way, when the breathing device 10 ( Figure 1 (As shown) When used in SCBA mode, clip 306 can be retracted. In some non-limiting embodiments or aspects, shoulder strap 304 may have a receiver base 316 directly integrated into the material of shoulder strap 304. Receiver base 316 may be configured for detachable attachment to at least a portion of clip 306, such as base 312. In some non-limiting embodiments or aspects, base 312 of clip 306 may be detachably attachable to receiver base 316 on shoulder strap 304 via a tongue and groove arrangement, clip, fastener, adhesive, magnet, any combination thereof, or any other fastening mechanism. To remove clip 306 from receiver base 316, the user can... Figure 10D Pull the base 312 of clip 306 in the direction of the middle arrow D to make the base 312 slide away from the receiver base 316.

[0091] Non-limiting embodiments or aspects of this disclosure have been described in detail herein. However, those skilled in the art will understand that various modifications and substitutions may be made to these embodiments or aspects without departing from the concepts disclosed in the foregoing description. Such modifications should be considered to be included in the following claims unless the claims expressly state otherwise in their language. Therefore, the specific embodiments or aspects described in detail above are illustrative only and not intended to limit the scope of this disclosure, which shall be accorded the full scope of the appended claims and any and all equivalents.

Claims

1. A breathing device comprising: A canister configured to contain pressurized breathing gas; A regulator comprising an inlet for connection to the canister via a first air line, an outlet for supplying the pressurized breathing gas to a user, and a valve configured to control the flow of the pressurized breathing gas between the inlet and the outlet based at least in part on the user’s breathing needs. A face shell comprising a first port configured to be fluidly connected to the outlet of the regulator to introduce pressurized breathing gas into the face shell, a second port adapted to be connected to an air purification system, and an exhalation valve for discharging exhaled gas from the face shell; A pneumatic pressure regulating assembly operably connected to the exhalation valve, the pneumatic pressure regulating assembly having a first pneumatic connector operably connected to a second pneumatic connector in the regulator, the pneumatic pressure regulating assembly being operable to adjust the internal shell pressure required to open the exhalation valve based on whether the pressurized breathing gas is delivered to the pneumatic pressure regulating assembly via the second pneumatic connector in the regulator; A mechanical connection that mechanically connects the regulator and the faceplate; as well as An alignment mechanism for aligning the regulator with the faceplate such that the first pneumatic connector of the pressure regulating assembly in the faceplate is aligned with the second pneumatic connector in the regulator, wherein the alignment mechanism includes a pin on one of the regulator and the faceplate and a corresponding recess on the other of the regulator and the faceplate. The adjuster is rotatable relative to the faceplate until the pin is received through the open end of the recess and engages the closed end of the recess. When the pin is received by the recess, the pin can still move along its axial direction within the recess until the adjuster and the faceplate are fully connected.

2. The breathing device according to claim 1, wherein the mechanical connection is a bayonet connection, a spring-loaded brake connection, or a press-fit connection.

3. A breathing device comprising: A canister configured to contain pressurized breathing gas; A regulator comprising an inlet for connection to the canister via a first air line, an outlet for supplying the pressurized breathing gas to a user, and a valve configured to control the flow of the pressurized breathing gas between the inlet and the outlet based at least in part on the user’s breathing needs. A face shell comprising a first port configured to be fluidly connected to the outlet of the regulator to introduce pressurized breathing gas into the face shell, a second port adapted to be connected to an air purification system, and an exhalation valve for discharging exhaled gas from the face shell; A pneumatic pressure regulating assembly operably connected to the exhalation valve, the pneumatic pressure regulating assembly having a first pneumatic connector operably connected to a second pneumatic connector in the regulator, the pneumatic pressure regulating assembly being operable to adjust the internal shell pressure required to open the exhalation valve based on whether the pressurized breathing gas is delivered to the pneumatic pressure regulating assembly via the second pneumatic connector in the regulator; A mechanical connection that mechanically connects the regulator and the faceplate; as well as An alignment mechanism for aligning the regulator with the faceplate such that the first pneumatic connector of the pressure regulating assembly in the faceplate is aligned with the second pneumatic connector in the regulator, wherein the alignment mechanism includes a pin on one of the regulator and the faceplate and a corresponding recess on the other of the regulator and the faceplate. The adjuster is rotatable relative to the faceplate until the pin is received through the open end of the recess and engages the closed end of the recess. The mechanical connection mentioned above is a bayonet connection, a spring-loaded brake connection, or a press-fit connection, and The mechanical connection and the alignment mechanism are two separate components of the breathing device.

4. The breathing device according to claim 1 or 3, wherein the open end of the recess is configured to receive the pin, and the closed end is opposite to the open end and configured to serve as a stop surface for the pin.

5. The breathing device according to claim 4, wherein, When the pin engages the closed end of the recess, the regulator aligns with the faceplate to establish a pneumatic connection in the pneumatic pressure regulating assembly.

6. The breathing device according to claim 1 or 3, further comprising a safety device on the faceplate, the safety device being configured to dock with a corresponding safety feature on the regulator, wherein the absence of the safety feature on the regulator prevents the regulator from connecting to the faceplate.

7. The breathing device of claim 6, wherein the safety device is a protrusion extending outward from the regulator connection interface on the faceplate, and wherein the safety feature on the regulator is a slot configured to receive the protrusion when the regulator is connected to the faceplate.

8. The breathing device according to claim 1 or 3, wherein the air purification system comprises a filter configured to deliver filtered ambient air via a second air line to the second port on the faceplate.

9. The breathing device of claim 8, wherein at least one of the filter and the second air line is connectable to a clip on the user-worn strap.

10. The breathing device of claim 9, wherein at least one of the filter and the second air line is detachably connected to the clamp.

11. The breathing device of claim 9, wherein the clamp is movable between an extended position and a retracted position, the extended position being configured to receive at least one of the filter and the second air line.

12. The breathing device of claim 9, wherein the clip is detachably connected to the carrying strap.

13. The breathing device according to claim 1 or 3, further comprising an actuator via which a pressurized breathing gas flow from the canister to the inlet of the regulator is initiated when the actuator is in a first state and stopped when the actuator is in a second state.

14. The breathing device of claim 1 or 3, wherein the pneumatic pressure regulating assembly comprises a piston, a piston retainer surrounding at least a portion of the piston, and a return spring positioned between the piston and the piston retainer.

15. The breathing device of claim 14, wherein the distal end of the piston is directly or indirectly engaged with a spring.

16. The breathing device according to claim 1 or 3, wherein the mechanical connection includes a locking interface disposed on the faceplate and a locking interface disposed on the regulator, the locking interface on the regulator being configured to be detachably connected to the locking interface on the faceplate.

17. The breathing device of claim 3, wherein the mechanical connection is further configured for directly connecting the regulator to the faceplate.

18. A face mask configured for use with a breathing device, the face mask comprising: A regulator comprising an inlet configured to be connected to a canister containing pressurized breathing gas, an outlet for providing the pressurized breathing gas to a user, and a valve configured to control the flow of the pressurized breathing gas between the inlet and the outlet based at least in part on the user’s breathing. A face shell comprising a first port configured to be fluidly connected to the outlet of the regulator to introduce pressurized breathing gas into the face shell, a second port adapted to be connected to an air purification system, and an exhalation valve for discharging exhaled gas from the face shell; A pneumatic pressure regulating assembly, which is operatively connected to the exhalation valve and operable to adjust the internal shell pressure required to open the exhalation valve based on whether pressurized breathing gas is delivered to the pneumatic pressure regulating assembly; A mechanical connection that mechanically connects the regulator and the faceplate; An alignment mechanism for aligning the regulator with the faceplate, such that a pin is configured to be received in a recess when a first pneumatic connection of the pressure regulating assembly in the faceplate is aligned with a corresponding second pneumatic connection of the pressure regulating assembly in the regulator, wherein the alignment mechanism includes the pin on one of the regulator and the faceplate and a corresponding recess on the other of the regulator and the faceplate. The adjuster is rotatable relative to the faceplate until the pin is received through the open end of the recess and engages the closed end of the recess. When the pin is received by the recess, the pin can still move along its axial direction within the recess until the adjuster and the faceplate are fully connected.

19. A face mask configured for use with a breathing device, the face mask comprising: A regulator comprising an inlet configured to be connected to a canister containing pressurized breathing gas, an outlet for providing the pressurized breathing gas to a user, and a valve configured to control the flow of the pressurized breathing gas between the inlet and the outlet based at least in part on the user’s breathing. A face shell comprising a first port configured to be fluidly connected to the outlet of the regulator to introduce pressurized breathing gas into the face shell, a second port adapted to be connected to an air purification system, and an exhalation valve for discharging exhaled gas from the face shell; A pneumatic pressure regulating assembly, which is operatively connected to the exhalation valve and operable to adjust the internal shell pressure required to open the exhalation valve based on whether pressurized breathing gas is delivered to the pneumatic pressure regulating assembly; A mechanical connection that mechanically connects the regulator and the faceplate; as well as An alignment mechanism for aligning the regulator with the faceplate, such that a pin is configured to be received in a recess when a first pneumatic connector of the pressure regulating assembly in the faceplate is aligned with a corresponding second pneumatic connector of the pressure regulating assembly in the regulator, wherein the alignment mechanism includes the pin on one of the regulator and the faceplate, and a corresponding recess on the other of the regulator and the faceplate. The adjuster is rotatable relative to the faceplate until the pin is received through the open end of the recess and engages the closed end of the recess. The mechanical connection mentioned above is a bayonet connection, a spring-loaded brake connection, or a press-fit connection, and The mechanical connection and the alignment mechanism are two separate components of the breathing device.

20. The face mask according to claim 18 or 19, wherein the open end of the recess is configured to receive the pin, and the closed end is opposite to the open end and configured to serve as a stop surface for the pin.

21. The face mask according to claim 18 or 19, wherein, When the pin engages the closed end of the recess, the regulator aligns with the faceplate to establish a pneumatic connection in the pneumatic pressure regulating assembly.

22. The face mask according to claim 18 or 19, further comprising a safety device on the face shell, the safety device being configured to engage with a corresponding safety feature on the regulator, wherein the absence of the safety feature on the regulator prevents the regulator from connecting to the face shell.

23. The face mask of claim 22, wherein the safety device is a protrusion extending outward from an adjuster connection interface on the face shell, and wherein the safety feature on the adjuster is a slot configured to receive the protrusion when the adjuster is connected to the face shell.

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