Device for absorbing precipitated water and for water evaporation

Abstract

The invention relates to a device (10) for absorbing falling water from a rainfall event, in particular from a storm event, and for water discharge by evaporation, wherein at least one textile element (12) for absorbing water from raindrops and / or for discharging water by evaporation is provided, wherein the textile element (12) is designed as or embodies a three-dimensional textile structure (13) having a first water-permeable layer (14) and a second water-conducting layer (16), wherein the layers (14, 16) are connected to one another by means of water-conducting connecting lines (18), wherein the textile element (12) is preferably in flow connection with a water collection device (24) via a water discharge conduit (20) and / or with a water supply device (26, 67) via a water supply conduit (22). The invention also relates to a facade system (100) for separating an interior I from an exterior O of a building, comprising the device (10), wherein the facade system (100) is optionally configured in one or more layers (104, 106, 108, 110) and / or in a modular manner, with or without at least one fluid flow layer (104, 108), with or without an insulation layer (106), with or without an inner layer (110), wherein the components of the facade system (100) and / or the holding device and / or the frame profile (34, 34') of the device (10) are preferably attached or attachable to a modular profile system (102, 102').

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a device for absorbing precipitation from rainfall events and for discharging the water through evaporation. Furthermore, this invention relates to the use of the device as a structural element in, on, or outside a building or civil engineering structure, and at least one use of the device on or within the facade of a new or existing building. Additionally, this invention relates to a (multi-story) facade system integrating the device for separating indoor and outdoor spaces of a building. Finally, this invention relates to a method for operating the device or (multi-story) facade system inside, on, or outside a building, and a method for controlling and / or regulating the device for absorbing and discharging (precipitation) water. The above methods may optionally include software. Background Technology

[0002] Inside and on buildings, rainwater is typically discharged in such a manner that rainwater impacting the building's facade or roof, separating the interior from the exterior, is discharged into drains and fed into the sewage system, for example. This allows for the discharge of rainwater, at least under normal weather conditions.

[0003] Given the growing global population and urbanization, as well as the increasing climate impacts on urban structures attributable to more extreme weather conditions (e.g., high temperatures and heavy rainfall), new possibilities, approaches, and systems are needed to reduce climate-related risks, particularly the risks of flooding and heat stress.

[0004] Continued urbanization and re-densification increase the percentage of sealed areas and raise the risk of flooding in urban areas. Due to the densification of urban space, sealed areas with runoff effects are increasingly connected to existing sewage infrastructure. Therefore, in cases of heavy rainfall events leading to flooding with significant material damage and personal injury, the hydraulic capacity of conventional sewage systems is often exceeded. Consequences range from selective flooding of road spaces to severe flooding of entire streets and damage to infrastructure and buildings. Resizing existing sewage systems, if fundamentally possible, would incur enormous work and costs.

[0005] Furthermore, the absorption of solar energy by asphalt roads and building surfaces in cities leads to a significant increase in air temperature, which is attributed to global warming and is expected to rise similarly in the future. This creates the so-called "urban heat island," which, in addition to heat stress, poses a particular health hazard to the elderly.

[0006] These two extremes (flooding and heat stress) are being amplified further by climate change. Forecasts indicate an increase in heavy rainfall events with intensities far exceeding predefined rainfall limits, coupled with a significant rise in temperatures and a continued increase in the number of hot days. Therefore, conservation areas for dispersed rainwater infiltration are urgently needed, particularly in densely populated urban areas.

[0007] To reduce the impact on wastewater systems and improve microclimates, the concept of "sponge cities" is being promoted internationally. These cities provide increasingly decentralized collection, retention, and evaporation of rainwater in regional or specialized reservoirs (e.g., trench systems, green roofs, etc.). Based on the DIN 1986-10 standard, local authorities can limit maximum stormwater runoff or specify retention options on-site to avoid overloading public wastewater systems. However, the open cavities used for decentralized infiltration measures (e.g., trench systems) typically consume significant amounts of space that are unavailable in densely populated urban areas or city center structures. In such cases, building surfaces (e.g., facades) become particularly important for improving urban stormwater and temperature management.

[0008] From the perspective of existing technology, conventional methods for rainwater capture using collection systems that operate similarly through storm drains and facade areas are also known. These systems, which rely on the bounce of raindrops on “hard surfaces,” suffer from low efficiency due to high material requirements and low water yield.

[0009] Green facade systems are known in the art, but are considered demanding due to their high maintenance intensity caused by the constant need for water and nutrient supply. Settlement water impacting the facade is often insufficient to sustain the function of a green facade system, and the water storage capacity in vertical applications is significantly lower than in horizontal roof areas. Furthermore, replanting is generally necessary due to sensitivity to changes in frost and dew, as well as mechanical stress, which is particularly difficult to achieve in high-rise buildings, thus supporting their application in roof areas or on the facades of lower buildings.

[0010] Spacer fabrics, also known as 3D textiles, are characterized by two outer layers of a preferred knitted fabric connected to each other via a middle spacer structure of monofilament or multifilament spacer lines. It is known from the prior art that they are used only in furniture decoration (DE000009016062U1, DE000004239068A1, DE000004317883A1 and below).

[0011] According to existing technology (e.g., according to inventions DE102004002287A1, EP000001555489A2, DE102011014383A1, EP000002380534A1, EP000002560591B1, WO002011131718A1, etc.), textiles with evaporative cooling effects are known for use in the clothing sector. However, textile-based building components with evaporative cooling functions are not known.

[0012] DE 10 2008 042 069 A1 is a document focused solely on water collection via a three-dimensional textile structure, disclosing an apparatus for obtaining water from fog, having a textile separation element for separating liquid particles contained in aerosols, wherein the separation element is formed as a three-dimensional textile structure. This allows, for example, the extraction of small amounts of drinking water from fog in arid regions. The function and application of the above invention are clearly distinct from the aforementioned apparatus for absorbing sedimented water and for water evaporation.

[0013] However, existing technologies show that there is no multifunctional, mutually beneficial invention for both the collection (e.g., retention) and the discharge (e.g., evaporative cooling of surrounding urban areas by means of textile structural elements), which is urgently needed given the aforementioned global climate challenges. Summary of the Invention

[0014] The purpose of this invention is, particularly in urban areas, to reduce the risks of urban heat and flooding, and the dangers of damage and personal injury caused by these events. There is an urgent need for the concept of decentralized rainwater retention and water evaporation, which effectively and economically contributes to improvements in urban rainwater and temperature management to be applied to building surfaces and other civil engineering structures. Furthermore, it is desirable to utilize sedimentation water for intelligent water consumption within, above, or outside buildings for ecological and economic purposes, for example, to reduce water and energy consumption for users inside or around buildings and / or for interior room conditioning or other building-specific uses.

[0015] The present invention achieves the above-mentioned objective through the apparatus as described in claim 1.

[0016] The present invention relates to an apparatus for absorbing precipitation from rainfall events—particularly from rainstorm events having a horizontal velocity component, for example, caused by wind—and for discharging the water by evaporation.

[0017] The device is characterized by at least one textile element for absorbing water from (e.g., raindrops with a horizontal velocity component) (the textile element acts as a collector element) and / or for discharging water (provided by a public water supply network) and / or (settlement water absorbed by the device) via evaporation (the textile element acts as an evaporator element). The textile element is designed or embodies a three-dimensional textile structure having a first permeable layer (outer layer) and a second water-conducting layer (inner layer). The first and second layers are connected to each other by means of water-conducting connecting lines. The textile element is preferably connected to a drainage pipe and / or to a water supply pipe.

[0018] The proposed device can function as both an absorber and an evaporator, where the absorber and evaporator are the same multifunctional device (a hybrid integrated system). In the event of rain or storm events with, for example, a horizontal velocity component caused by wind that deflects raindrops from their vertical direction of fall, precipitation can be absorbed, stored, and / or discharged (if a time delay is necessary) through evaporation, or otherwise used inside, above, or outside a building. During absorption, precipitation is guided from the first permeable layer along the connecting line (spacing structure) to the second permeable layer for collection. When discharging water for external evaporation and evaporative cooling, water is guided from the second permeable layer along the connecting line (spacing structure) to the first permeable layer.

[0019] The absorption, storage, and / or targeted delayed discharge of precipitation (especially water discharge via evaporation) provide significant economic and ecological advantages at the building, above or outside, and at the regional and urban levels.

[0020] This could reduce the risk of flooding and heat stress in urban areas because precipitation can be absorbed and stored, and then discharged into the environment or used for other purposes, for example, with a time delay via evaporation. By absorbing and storing precipitation, the device acts as a retaining surface for rainwater. This allows for the delay of discharge of heavy rainfall, thus significantly reducing the risk of overloading sewage systems during extreme weather events. By discharging the water into the environment via evaporation, the environment can be cooled, thus reducing the impact of heat load.

[0021] It can also reduce the building's internal water requirements. By collecting sedimentation water and making it available as raw water inside, above, or outside the building, for example, for toilet flushing, washing machine use, and / or plant irrigation, water consumption can be significantly reduced.

[0022] Furthermore, if the device is installed inside or on a high-rise building, the possibility of the device capturing raw water within the building's facade leads to a reduction in pump energy consumption. Otherwise, water is supplied by a public water supply network and pumped to the corresponding building floors. Particularly in multi-story or high-rise buildings (e.g., skyscrapers), water collection within the building facade results in a considerable reduction in material and pump energy consumption that increases exponentially with the building's height. The device can thus achieve substantial economic savings regarding the advantageous use of rainwater inside, above, or outside the building.

[0023] Finally, the rainwater collected by the device can also be purified for drinking water and / or used for indoor comfort optimization (temperature and / or humidity regulation, acoustic and sound optimization) and / or for active fire prevention measures.

[0024] In the context of this invention, evaporation describes the phase transition of water from a liquid state to a gaseous state by releasing cooling energy. Therefore, absorption is understood as the collection and transfer of liquid.

[0025] According to existing technology, a three-dimensional textile structure (e.g., a spacing structure) also known as 3D textile or spaced fabric includes a double-sided material whose surfaces are held at a certain distance by connecting lines of monofilaments or polyfilaments that connect one surface to the other.

[0026] Regarding textile elements and / or three-dimensional textile structures, "textile" does not refer to material technology limitations on specific materials, but only to macroscopically identifiable technical structures.

[0027] Within the scope of this invention, a facade or facade element should be understood as a building boundary (e.g., an external building shell or an element thereof) that laterally defines the building (i.e., on the building (side) wall) and thereby separates the building’s interior (interior) from its exterior (exterior).

[0028] It is necessary to distinguish between solid (facade) structures (e.g., concrete, brick and / or wood structures) that serve as supporting structural components and frame structures (e.g., steel structures that serve as supporting, load-bearing and / or load-transferring components for external unsupported curtain walls (e.g., multi-layered textile facade systems)).

[0029] A device, with or without the following combination, is designated as a multi-layered, preferably water-active and / or adaptive facade system: an insulating layer for thermal and acoustic damping purposes; at least one fluid flow layer comprising a functional textile layer having cavities and being internally watertight and impermeable to the flow of liquid media; and an inner layer forming an internal enclosure facing the building interior to remain within a preferably modular profile system.

[0030] Within the scope of this invention, “adaptive” means the automatic adjustment of a building, civil engineering structure or its components (e.g., device (10), facade or multi-story facade system (100)) operated by integrated sensors, actuators and control units for obtaining methods for operating and / or regulating the system to changing environmental conditions.

[0031] Such methods for operation, control, and / or regulation are called systematic processes, which are descriptions of a logical sequence of steps (e.g., performing one or more measurements to achieve desired ecological and economic water use goals). Methods can include software, such as programs.

[0032] In this context, "water-active" means the ability of a surface to absorb or absorb moisture and / or release it with a certain time delay.

[0033] The side of an installation and / or multi-story facade system that faces the weather (e.g., rain) (in other words, the side facing the outside space (environment)) is hereinafter referred to as the “exterior” (“O”).

[0034] The side of the installation and / or multi-story facade system facing the building (in other words, facing the interior of the building) is referred to below as the “interior” (“I”).

[0035] The civil engineering structures to which the device can be applied may include, for example, bridges, towers, windmills, etc. As a supplement to civil engineering structures, the building in this context should be understood as a self-contained covered structure, to distinguish it from a single-story building (a house with two or more stories) (e.g., a high-rise building or skyscraper, in which at least one room has a floor 22 meters above the defined ground surface level).

[0036] Within the scope of this invention, water generally includes raw water that can be absorbed, stored, or treated (e.g., absorbed, filtered sedimentation water) and uncontaminated grey water, as well as drinking water supplied, for example, by a public water supply network.

[0037] Raw water is untreated water from the environment that is unsafe for human consumption without treatment. Raw water includes precipitation or rainwater (e.g., water from clouds, fog, or steam) that falls to the earth in liquid form due to gravity. Heavy rainfall events are characterized by a horizontal velocity component, for example, caused by wind deflecting raindrops from their vertical descent direction. Raw water can only be used for purposes such as watering plants, cleaning, washing machine operation, and / or toilet flushing, and is the opposite of drinking water (e.g., fresh drinking water for human consumption) or wastewater (e.g., contaminated water from toilet flushing, dishwashers, etc.). Wastewater must be distinguished between contaminated precipitation, black water, and uncontaminated grey water from bathtubs, showers, washing machines, etc., which is free from fecal contamination. Uncontaminated grey water can be treated and reused for non-potable purposes, referring to raw water.

[0038] In the context of textile manufacturing, decoration (e.g., chemical decoration for UV resistance or fire resistance) is a measure used to upgrade textile fabrics, yarns, and fibers to optimize material properties. Furthermore, coating includes applying a solid or liquid material (e.g., a nano-coating) to a substrate fabric, while lamination describes the bonding or fusion of a multilayer fabric comprising at least one textile with an additional layer of textile, plastic, or metal film, foam, or other suitable material.

[0039] In the sense of this invention, 3D printing refers to the action or process of creating a physical object from a three-dimensional digital model by continuously laying down many thin layers of material. Distinguishing between subtractive manufacturing methods and additive manufacturing methods, such as textile printing methods, for example, additive 3D printing on a textile substrate using thermoplastic polymers or metals or other suitable materials via fused deposition modeling (FDM) or fused filament fabrication (FFF).

[0040] Advantageously, a water collection device can be provided, which is fluidly connected to textile elements and / or drainage pipes. The water collection device can be embodied as a water storage section, for example, a water tank and / or fluid flow layer in a multi-level facade system. Therefore, sedimentation water impacting textile elements can be absorbed, collected, and / or stored in the water collection device.

[0041] Water collection or water discharge (water outflow) sections may include reservoirs, basins, drainage ditches, etc., which may be integrated into water collection equipment (e.g., in (lower) frame profiles) and / or connected to water collection equipment (e.g., water storage tanks), fluid flow layers in multi-story facade systems, and / or other components for collecting, storing, and / or treating (e.g., for filtration) water, as well as corresponding pipes for water transport.

[0042] The drainage pipe can be connected downstream to the textile components. Sedimentation absorbed by the device can be discharged via the drainage pipe and fed to water consumers and / or collection facilities (e.g., storage units). The collected water can be discharged directly or after a certain period (storage time).

[0043] Water supply equipment that can be connected to textile components and / or water supply pipes can be provided in an appropriate manner.

[0044] Water supply or water supply equipment, for the transport of (settling) water, may include drainage ditches, conduits, pipes, inflow lines, funnels, etc., which can be integrated into the (upper) frame profile, as well as corresponding pipes for water transport. Furthermore, the water supply equipment can be configured as a scheduled or linear water injection, for example, by water jets, (perforated) conduits or hoses, or a perforated fluid flow layer connected to textile elements, on the second layer side of the textile elements of the device facing the interior (interior) I of the building.

[0045] Water supply pipes can be connected upstream to the textile components. For example, water supplied by a public water supply network or absorbed water (previously settled water absorbed by the device) can be supplied to the textile components via water supply pipes for discharge into the environment through evaporation.

[0046] Advantageously, textile elements (i.e., three-dimensional textile structures) can preferably be formed from synthetic and / or polymer fibers (e.g., polyethylene (PE) fibers, polyester (PES / PET) fibers, polypropylene (PP) fibers, polyamide (PA) fibers, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) fibers, ethylene tetrafluoroethylene copolymer (ETFE) fibers, etc.), glass fibers, metal fibers, and / or other suitable materials, wherein these materials are embodied as monofilaments or multifilaments. The filaments can be optimized in shape (e.g., helical shapes) with specific functionalized filament profiles for better water transport. Thus, UV-resistant and fire-resistant textile structures with good water retention properties can be achieved.

[0047] In a suitable manner, the device and / or textile elements may include hydrophilic (water-attracting) and / or hydrophobic (water-conducting, water-repelling) modifications. Thus, the functionality of the device can be maximized. Hydrophilic and / or hydrophobic modifications can manifest as microstructural or macrostructural lamination, coating, decoration, filament shape optimization (e.g., helical filaments), and / or additive surface structures. Modifying materials may be, for example, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), silicone, paraffin, and / or nanocoatings (e.g., titanium dioxide (TiO2) and / or silica (SiO2), etc.) or combinations thereof. Hydrophilic and / or hydrophobic modifications can preferably achieve or optimize hydroconductivity (water repellency) and / or water attraction for maximizing water collection and / or evaporation, weather resistance and stain resistance, antimicrobial properties against molds, fungi, and bacteria, and self-cleaning properties.

[0048] Advantageously, the first layer of the textile element may have water-attracting and / or hydrophilic laminations, coatings, decorations, and / or filament shape optimizations (e.g., spiral-shaped filaments), and / or a (separate) water-attracting layer may be (additionally) applied to the first layer. The water-attracting laminations, coatings, decorations, filament shape optimizations, and / or the (separate) applied water-attracting layer facilitate the absorption of sediment water "inward" (i.e., into the interior of the textile element). The (separate) layer and / or the first layer may be a finer porosity design than the spacing structure formed by the connecting lines between the first and second layers of the textile element. A more refined porosity design of the first layer and / or the (separate) layer enables filtration. This prevents dirt, animals, plants, or parts thereof from entering the interior of the device (e.g., into the textile element). The finer porosity structure may include, for example, multifilaments or nonwoven fabrics to encapsulate a larger volume of water, thus resulting in a more efficient and economical evaporative cooling effect.

[0049] In a suitable manner, the second layer of the textile element may have water-repellent and / or hydrophobic laminations, coatings, decorations, and / or yarn shape optimizations (e.g., spiral yarns), and / or a separate water-repellent layer may be (additionally) applied to the second layer. The separate layer and / or the second layer may be impermeable or perforated. In the case where the separate layer and / or the second layer is impermeable, water flow is positively influenced so that absorbed sediment does not leave the textile element on the second layer side (the absorbed sediment remains within the textile element). A perforated configuration facilitates water entry into the interior of the textile element from the second layer side. For example, perforation is advantageous for uniform wetting of the textile element to achieve evaporative cooling of the exterior (e.g., facades, adjacent air spaces, and / or urban spaces). In the case of a perforated configuration, the textile element may be flow-connected to an additional water supply system facing the second layer side of the building interior I.

[0050] To improve evaporation behavior, an additional, finer porous textile layer (e.g., multifilament and / or nonwoven fabric and / or superabsorbent, etc.) can be applied between the second layer of the textile element and the (separate) applied water-conducting (water-repellent) layer, facing the outer space (exterior) O of the device, to encapsulate more water, thus contributing to more uniform wetting and higher evaporative cooling while reducing water consumption.

[0051] A (separate) layer can be achieved by laminating foil (e.g., polyethylene (PE) foil, polyester (PES / PET) foil, polyvinyl chloride (PVC) foil, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) foil, ethylene tetrafluoroethylene copolymer (ETFE) foil, polypropylene (PP) foil, polyamide (PA) foil, silicone foil, latex foil, metal foil, or the like) and / or plates (metal plates, glass plates, silicone plates, polymer plates, or the like) onto a second layer.

[0052] Advantageously, the shape of the device and / or textile elements can be planar, curved (e.g., anticlastic, synclastic, concave or convex), folded, and / or adjustable. Therefore, the device can be optimized for specific applications. Adjustable shape means adapted to optimize water absorption and / or water evaporation to maximize device performance.

[0053] In a suitable manner, the first and / or second layers can be configured to be actuated by one or more actuators provided along a direction parallel to the plane of the first or second layer. Thus, the first and second layers can be displaced relative to each other. Selective actuation of the first and / or second layers can alter the orientation (i.e., tilt angle) of the connecting lines to improve the water absorption and discharge behavior and / or water discharge and evaporation behavior of the device.

[0054] Advantageously, the device and / or textile element may include folding structures that divide the device and / or textile element into several foldable, (e.g., folded relative to each other), pivotable and / or rotatable sections. With the aid of these folding structures, we can maximize the surface area of ​​the device (e.g., textile element) to increase its functionality.

[0055] In a suitable manner, the folded structure may have a mechanical substructure. For example, this substructure, made of steel, wood, aluminum, and / or polymers, or combinations thereof, provides reinforcement to the folded structure. Alternatively, the folded structure may be introduced into a textile element by means of additive and / or subtractive manufacturing methods (e.g., (3D) printing on a textile substrate fabric) and / or by fabric bonding equipment (e.g., sewing and / or heat-fixing, or combinations thereof).

[0056] Advantageously, actuators can be provided to operate foldable, folded, pivotable, and / or rotatable sections. In this way, the folded structure can be adjusted to the appropriate impact angle of settling water droplets and / or the angle of solar incidence by reorienting and / or rerotating individual sections. The reorientation and / or rerotation of individual sections of the device and / or textile element can be automated manually or adaptively by integrating sensors, actuators, and control units.

[0057] The actuator can be, for example, embodied as a linear actuator and / or a rotary actuator (e.g., an electronic actuator and / or a hydraulic actuator and / or a pneumatic actuator, etc.). Therefore, water intake and discharge and / or water discharge and evaporation of the device can be selectively and specifically adjusted and improved. These measures help ensure that as much (sedimented) water as possible can be absorbed and / or discharged for evaporation within and on the device (e.g., within and on textile elements).

[0058] Sensors may be provided in an appropriate manner, enabling the recording of specific climate and / or environmental data (e.g., ambient temperature, humidity, solar radiation data, wind data (e.g., wind speed and / or wind direction) and / or rainfall data (e.g., amount of precipitation, impact angle of precipitation droplets, particle size of precipitation droplets, and / or descent velocity)). This allows for the monitoring, recording, and / or transmission of the device's environmental conditions (climate and / or environmental data) to the control unit, providing for the automated adjustment and / or adaptation of the device and / or textile components.

[0059] Advantageously, a control unit can be provided, preferably equipped with software (e.g., a program for operating and / or adjusting the actuator), wherein the control unit is configured to adjust the device and / or textile element and / or its segments with respect to climatic and / or environmental conditions (e.g., the impact angle of sedimentary water droplets to optimize absorption behavior, and / or the angle of solar incidence to optimize evaporation behavior). This helps to maximize the performance of the device. The control unit can be configured to interact with one or more sensors (e.g., as described above) that collect environmental and / or climatic data, as well as actuators that actuate the first and / or second layers of the textile element and / or actuators that operate the device and / or foldable, folded, pivotable, and / or rotatable segments of the textile element. This allows the control unit to operate and / or adjust the actuator based on the environmental and / or climatic data collected by the sensors. The operation of the device and / or textile element can be monitored with one or more additional sensors.

[0060] Retaining devices can be provided in a suitable manner, and components of the apparatus can be attached to or be attached to the retaining devices. Therefore, the apparatus disclosed herein can be applied to a building or other civil engineering structure by means of the retaining devices (e.g., fasteners for attaching one component to another component (e.g., for mounting the apparatus to a building or civil engineering structure)). Furthermore, the components of the apparatus are arranged relative to each other. The retaining devices can be linearly embodied as frame profiles, or embodied as intended by other suitable methods (e.g., frame profiles can be attached to the retaining devices via mounting brackets).

[0061] As described above, the water collection device may include a frame profile and / or a water storage section (e.g., a storage tank for storing sedimentation water). Textile elements may be linearly and / or as scheduled and / or held by the frame profile (e.g., by piping). The frame profile may be integrated, connected, and / or attached to the holding device. The water storage section may be flow-connected to the frame profile, wherein the water storage section may be integrated into the building or facade as a functional storage location in a multi-story facade system.

[0062] Filters can be provided in a suitable manner for filtering sedimentation water, wherein the filter is integrated into a textile element and / or arranged within or on a water collection device (e.g., within or on a frame profile) and / or within a building. This allows water to be filtered before it is stored or made available to consumers.

[0063] Advantageously, pumps and / or water temperature control devices for water heating and cooling can be provided, which are flow-connected to water supply and / or collection systems. With the aid of pumps, water can be fed to collection systems (e.g., water tanks or fluid flow layers in multi-story facade systems) and / or further transported, for example, inside, above, or outside the building. Furthermore, pumps can be used to pump water to water supply systems. With the aid of water temperature control devices, water can be tempered (i.e., heated or cooled as needed).

[0064] Water supply and / or water collection devices can be connected to a heat exchanger in a suitable manner. In this way, heat can be extracted from the water supply and / or water collection devices, or heat can be added as needed. One component of the heat exchanger can be connected to the water collection device (downstream of the textile element), and another component of the heat exchanger can be connected to the water supply device (upstream of the textile element), wherein the heat exchanger components are connected to each other to interact with other building components (e.g., fluid flow layers in a multi-story facade system, and / or other technical building equipment in, above, or outside a building or civil engineering structure). Therefore, heat can be exchanged between these two heat exchanger components.

[0065] The present invention also achieves the above objectives by using a device according to one or more of the above aspects as a structural element in, on or outside a building or civil engineering structure.

[0066] Regarding the advantages achieved using it, refer to the corresponding explanation of the apparatus to avoid repetition. The features described in the apparatus description can be used for other configurations.

[0067] Civil engineering structures can be, for example—but not limited to—bridges, horizontal or vertical wind turbines, or other civil engineering structures.

[0068] The present invention also achieves the above objectives by using at least one device according to one or more of the foregoing aspects as an additional element on or in the facade of a new building and / or an existing building as a conventional existing facade. Regarding the advantages achieved using it, refer to the corresponding explanation of the apparatus to avoid repetition. The features described in the apparatus description can be used for other configurations.

[0069] Not only new buildings can be equipped with this device, but existing buildings with conventional framed facades and solid constructions (e.g., concrete, brick and / or wood facades, composite insulation systems, etc.) can also be equipped with it. These buildings become more ecological through modifications, such as by saving water, reducing internal energy consumption (e.g., internal energy consumption for building interior conditioning and pumping), and / or by providing the possibility of energy-efficient urban cooling while similarly reducing the impact on public sewing infrastructure.

[0070] A conventional thermal insulation composite system may have, for example, the following structure (from outside to inside): an outer plaster layer, an insulation layer, masonry, and an inner plaster layer. In this case, the equipment can be installed on the exterior of the outer plaster layer and statically secured within the load-bearing masonry by a retaining device.

[0071] The present invention also achieves the above objectives through a facade system for separating the interior (interior) I of a building from the exterior (exterior) O, having means according to one or more of the above aspects, wherein the facade system may optionally be constructed as one or more layers and / or constructed in a modular manner. Therefore, a water-activated facade can be provided.

[0072] Regarding the advantages achieved using it, refer to the corresponding explanation of the device to avoid repetition. The features described in the device description and / or the features described below can be used for further configurations of multi-story facade systems.

[0073] Advantageously, on the side where the second textile layer of the textile element (device) is located, the facade system may have: at least one fluid circulation layer; and / or an insulating layer for thermal and / or acoustic damping purposes; and / or an inner layer (e.g., (acoustic) textiles and / or PVC-coated polyester film or PTFE-coated fiberglass fabric, etc.). Functional layers (e.g., the fluid circulation layer) can be used to regulate the building's indoor climate (temperature control of the building's interior wall surfaces and / or regulation of indoor air humidity) and / or regulate acoustic and sound insulation performance and / or for active fire protection measures. Furthermore, the fluid circulation layer can act as a reservoir for rainwater.

[0074] Two fluid flow layers can be provided in a suitable manner, with a first fluid flow layer arranged on one side of the insulation layer and a second fluid flow layer arranged on the other side. The two fluid flow layers can store more water. Furthermore, solar thermal energy can be absorbed or released on both sides of the insulation layer. This contributes to the flexible and energy-efficient use of the facade system.

[0075] Advantageously, one of the two fluid flow layers can be configured and utilized as a heat collector, and / or for temperature control of building interior wall surfaces and / or for regulating indoor air humidity and / or for regulating acoustic and sound insulation performance and / or for active fire protection measures. When used as a heat collector, solar radiation is absorbed and converted into heat. When used as a heating unit, depending on the ambient conditions and the need for adaptation, one of the two fluid flow layers can emit heat energy on the corresponding side of the insulation layer. Furthermore, heat flux and / or indoor comfort may be affected in terms of temperature, humidity, and / or acoustics. For this purpose, selective water flow of sedimentation water and / or water from the public water supply network can be initiated through these layers.

[0076] In a suitable manner, an additional device according to one or more of the foregoing aspects can be provided, the additional device forming the inner layer, wherein the first layer of the textile element of the additional device faces the building interior (interior) I. Thus, the additional functional layer for regulating interior temperature and humidity includes additional fabric elements that act as evaporators on the interior I. In the case where the first layer faces the building interior, the additional device is arranged in a "laterally reversed" manner compared to the first device.

[0077] Advantageously, the facade system may include, preferably, a modular profile system, a multi-layer facade system, and / or components of the retaining devices of the apparatus as described above, attached to or attachable to the profile system. Thus, the facade system can be modularly upgraded with additional layers and adapted to applications and specific local conditions and building requirements. For example, in cold regions, additional insulating layers can be added by extending the profile system with another profile module. Preferably, the frame profiles and the retaining devices of the apparatus are compatible. Therefore, the frame profiles can be integrated, connected, and / or attached to the retaining devices. The profile system may be made of aluminum, steel, polymer, or wood, or combinations thereof (aluminum, steel, polymer, wood, or combined profile systems).

[0078] The present invention also achieves the above objectives by a method for operating an apparatus according to one or more of the foregoing aspects and / or a multi-story facade system according to one or more of the foregoing aspects, wherein (settled water absorbed by the apparatus) is supplied to use inside, above or outside the building, and / or wherein water (provided by a public water supply network) and / or (settled water absorbed by the apparatus) is supplied to an apparatus (e.g., a textile element) for discharge by evaporation.

[0079] Regarding the advantages achieved using it, refer to the corresponding explanation of the device to avoid repetition. The features described in conjunction with the device, the multi-story facade system, and / or the features described below can be used for further configurations of the device and / or the multi-story facade system.

[0080] Water (provided by the public water supply network) and / or sedimentation (absorbed by the aforementioned devices) can be discharged via textile elements (particularly through evaporation) in an appropriate manner. Thus, for example, evaporative cooling of the facade, the air space adjacent to the facade, and / or the urban space can be achieved in the event of thermal stress caused by the absorption of solar radiation on the facade and / or other sealed urban surfaces.

[0081] In an advantageous manner, the sedimentation water absorbed by the device can be supplied to consumers inside, above, or outside the building as raw water, and / or can be processed into drinking water. Thus, a reduction in the demand for drinking water (e.g., provided by a public water supply network) and a reduction in the energy required for water pumping can be achieved (i.e., water does not need to be pumped from the public water supply network to users on any floor of a high-rise building).

[0082] In appropriate ways, rainwater can be used for indoor conditioning of buildings. Thus, indoor and user comfort can be increased, for example, through temperature control (heating and / or cooling) of wall surfaces, regulation of room air humidity, and by adjusting the acoustic and sound insulation performance or quality of the facade system.

[0083] In an advantageous manner, sedimentation water can be provided for plant-specific fire protection measures. Therefore, active fire protection measures can be implemented inside, on, or outside buildings.

[0084] In appropriate manner, particularly in cases of excessive precipitation, precipitation can be discharged into public water supply networks and / or delivered to adjacent buildings and / or civil engineering structures. Thus, precipitation (raw) water and / or processed drinking water can be supplied to adjacent buildings and / or civil engineering structures.

[0085] The present invention also achieves the above-mentioned objective by means of devices for controlling and / or regulating the absorption and discharge (sedimentation) of water, particularly devices according to one or more of the foregoing aspects, and / or methods (e.g., software) for multi-story facade systems according to one or more of the foregoing aspects. The method includes the following steps: - Retrieve weather forecast data from meteorological services for a defined time period (past, present, or future), for example, via the internet. - For example, by analyzing water consumption inside, above, or outside a building or civil engineering structure (e.g., using flow meters) to estimate water consumption of drinking water, raw water, and / or grey water inside, above, or outside a building or civil engineering structure, and - Compare the estimated consumption of drinking water and / or raw water and / or grey water with the expected precipitation production from weather forecast data.

[0086] Regarding the advantages achieved using it, refer to the corresponding explanation of the device to avoid repetition. The features described in conjunction with the device, the multi-story facade system, and / or the features described below can be used for further configurations of the device and / or the multi-story facade system.

[0087] In an advantageous manner, for example, in the presence of heat, the amount of water required for evaporative cooling of the facade, the air space adjacent to the facade, and / or urban spaces can be determined. This makes it possible to determine how much water is needed for this purpose and how much water can be supplied for other purposes or to consumers.

[0088] The amount of drinking water, raw water, and / or greywater consumed by consumers within, on, or outside a building or civil engineering structure can be determined in an appropriate manner. Raw water can then be provided to consumers, for example, for watering plants, operating washing machines, and / or flushing toilets. Watering plants includes, for example, watering private and public green spaces by attaching devices to public buildings and / or public civil engineering structures.

[0089] In a favorable manner, the amount of water required for the internal conditioning of a building or civil engineering structure can be determined. Therefore, the determination of requirements also refers to the consumption related to indoor comfort. Internal conditioning can be accomplished through the regulation of interior wall surface temperature and / or room air humidity and / or through internal acoustic and sound control.

[0090] The amount of water required for plant-specific fire prevention measures can be determined in an appropriate manner. Therefore, the determination of requirements also takes into account active fire prevention measures.

[0091] In an advantageous manner, excess water absorbed by the aforementioned device can be delivered to adjacent buildings and / or civil engineering structures, and / or fed into the public water supply network. Therefore, if the determination of one or more requirements (water requirements for evaporative cooling, water requirements for consumers, water requirements for internal conditioning, and / or water requirements for plant-specific fire protection measures) indicates that excess water is available, it can be supplied to the public water supply network and / or other buildings or civil engineering structures and / or other customers. This contributes to a smart, economical, and ecological water supply in urban areas. Attached Figure Description

[0092] The invention will now be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. Identical or functionally identical elements are designated by the same reference numerals, but may appear only once. The drawings show: Figure 1 Examples of devices for absorbing sedimented water and for discharging water by evaporation; Figure 2a , Figure 2b Figure 1 The device is designed to absorb precipitation in the event of rainfall. Figure 2a And in cases of high outdoor temperatures, in order to discharge water through evaporation ( Figure 2b ) operation; Figure 3a , Figure 3b Figure 1 When equipped with an actuator, the device is used to absorb sediment in the event of rainfall. Figure 3a And in cases of high outdoor temperatures, in order to discharge water through evaporation ( Figure 3b And thus actuate the operation of the first and / or second layers of the textile element; Figures 4a-4c according to Figure 1 The device is used as a structural element in bridges ( Figure 4a ) location, vertical wind turbine ( Figure 4b ) or horizontal wind turbine ( Figure 4c ); Figure 5 according to Figure 1 The device is used on the conventional facades of existing buildings (e.g., thermal insulation composite systems); Figure 6 An embodiment of a multi-story facade system, wherein it integrates according to Figure 1 The device; Figure 7a , Figure 7b Figure 6 The multi-layered facade system is designed to absorb rainwater during rainfall. Figure 7a And in the case of high outdoor temperatures, in order to discharge water through evaporation ( Figure 7b ) operation; Figure 8a , Figure 8b It has the function of regulating hot weather conditions ( Figure 8a ) and cold weather conditions ( Figure 8b Temperature control of the interior wall surface temperature of a separate layer. Figure 6 A multi-layered facade system; Figure 9a , Figure 9b When used as a heat collector ( Figure 9a When and / or used to influence the heat flux from the facade to the outside O Figure 9b )of Figure 6 A multi-layered facade system; Figure 10a , Figure 10b The basis for forming the inner layer of the facade system Figure 1 Other devices Figure 6 Multi-level facade system ( Figure 10a ) and the operation of multi-story facade systems with additional devices for evaporative drainage of water from the interior. Figure 10b );and Figure 11 When according to Figure 1 The device has a folding structure and an actuator for operating the folding structure. Figure 6 A multi-layered facade system. Detailed Implementation

[0093] Figure 1 A device 10 is shown for absorbing precipitation from rainfall events, particularly heavy rain events, and for discharging the water via evaporation. The device 10 includes a textile element 12 for absorbing raindrops and / or for discharging water (provided by a public water supply network) and / or (precipitation absorbed by the device) via evaporation. The textile element 12 embodies a three-dimensional textile structure 13 having a first permeable layer 14 (outer layer 14) and a second water-conducting layer 16 (inner layer 16). The first layer 14 and the second layer 16 are connected to each other by means of a water-conducting connecting line 18. The connecting line 18 forms a spacing structure 19. In the illustrated embodiment, the textile element 12 is fluidly connected to a drainage pipe 20 and a water supply pipe 22.

[0094] Drainage pipe 2 is connected downstream to textile element 12. Water supply pipe 22 is connected upstream to textile element 12.

[0095] A water collection device 24 is provided, which is in flow connection to the textile element 12 and / or the drain pipe 20. The water collection device 24 may include different components for storing, treating (e.g., filtering) and / or conveying water.

[0096] A water supply device 26 is provided, which is connected in flow to the textile element 12 and / or the water supply pipe 22. The water supply device 26 may be connected in flow to a public water supply network or a water collection device 24 (not shown).

[0097] The textile element 12 (i.e., the three-dimensional textile structure 13) may preferably be formed of synthetic and / or polymer fibers (e.g., polyethylene (PE) fibers, polyester (PES / PET) fibers, polypropylene (PP) fibers, polyamide (PA) fibers, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) fibers, ethylene tetrafluoroethylene copolymer (ETFE) fibers, etc.), glass fibers, metal fibers and / or other materials, wherein these materials are embodied as monofilaments or multifilaments, wherein the filaments may be optimized in terms of shape (e.g., helical shape) for better water transport.

[0098] Device 10 and / or textile element 12 may include hydrophilic (water-attracting) and / or hydrophobic (water-guiding, water-repelling) modifications (not shown). As described above, hydrophilic and / or hydrophobic modifications can manifest as microstructural or macrostructural lamination, coating, decoration, filament shape optimization (e.g., helical filaments), and / or additional surface structures. Modifying materials may be, for example, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), silicone, paraffin, and / or nanocoatings (e.g., titanium dioxide (TiO2) and / or silicon dioxide (SiO2), etc.) or combinations thereof.

[0099] The first layer 14 of the textile element 12 may have water-attracting and / or hydrophilic laminations, coatings, decorations, filament shape optimizations, and / or additionally applied (separate) water-attracting layers (not shown) to the first layer 14. Compared to the spacing structure 19 formed by the connecting lines 18 between the first layer 14 and the second layer 16 of the textile element 12, the (separate) layers and / or the first layer 14 may have a finer porosity design. A finer porosity textile may include, for example, multifilament or nonwoven fabric to encapsulate more water, thus resulting in a more efficient and economical evaporative cooling effect (not shown).

[0100] The second layer 16 of the textile element 12 may have water-guiding (water-repellent) and / or hydrophobic laminations, coatings, decorations, filament shape optimizations, and / or (separate) water-guiding (water-repellent) and / or hydrophobic layers additionally applied to the second layer 16 (not shown). The (separate) layers and / or the second layer may be impermeable or perforated. The (separate) water-guiding (water-repellent) and / or hydrophobic layers may be embodied by laminating foils (e.g., polyethylene (PE) foil, polyester (PES / PET) foil, polyvinyl chloride (PVC) foil, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) foil, ethylene tetrafluoroethylene polymer (ETFE) foil, polypropylene (PP) foil, polyamide (PA) foil, silicone foil, latex foil, metal foil, or the like) and / or sheets (metal sheets, glass sheets, silicone sheets, polymer sheets, or the like) onto the second layer 16.

[0101] To improve evaporation behavior, an additional, finer porous textile layer (e.g., multifilament and / or nonwoven fabric and / or superabsorbent, etc. (not shown)) for encapsulating more water can be applied between the second layer 16 of the textile element 12 and the (separate) applied water-conducting (water-repelling) layer (not shown) to the outer space (exterior) O of the device, thus contributing to more uniform wetting and higher evaporative cooling while reducing water consumption.

[0102] In this embodiment, the device 10 and the textile element 12 are planar in shape. In other embodiments, the device 10 and / or the textile element 12 may be curved (e.g., anticlastic, synclastic, concave or convex), foldable, and / or adjustable (see [reference needed]). Figure 4a , Figure 4b , Figure 4c and Figure 11 ).

[0103] The first layer 14 and / or the second layer 16 can each be configured to be actuated by one or more actuators (not shown) provided along a direction parallel to the plane of the first layer 14 or the second layer 16 (see [link to relevant documentation]). Figure 3a , Figure 3b ).

[0104] The device 10 and / or textile element 12 may include folding structures 28, 28', 28'' that divide the device 10 and / or textile element 12 into several foldable, foldable, pivotable and / or rotatable segments 30, 30', 30'' (see Figure 11The folding structures 28, 28', 28'' may have mechanical substructures made of materials such as steel, wood, aluminum, and / or polymers or combinations thereof, and / or the folding structures may be incorporated into the textile element 12 by means of additive and / or subtractive manufacturing methods (e.g., fabric (3D) printing), and / or the folding structures 28, 28', 28'' may be embodied by fabric bonding devices (e.g., sewing and / or thermal fasteners or combinations thereof (not shown)).

[0105] Actuators 32, 32', 32'' (e.g., linear and / or rotary actuators) may be provided, by means of which foldable, collapsible, pivotable and / or rotatable segments 30, 30', 30'' can be operated.

[0106] As mentioned above, a sensor (not shown) can be provided, which can be used to record climate and / or environmental data.

[0107] A control unit (not shown) may be provided for operating and / or adjusting actuators 32, 32', 32'', wherein the control unit is configured to adjust device 10 and / or textile element 12 and / or its segments 30, 30', 30'' with respect to climate and / or environmental conditions (e.g., the impact angle of settling water droplets, and / or the angle of solar incidence). The control unit may be configured to interact with one or more sensors that collect environmental and / or climate data, as well as actuators that actuate the first and / or second layers of the textile element and / or actuators that operate the first and / or second layers of the textile element, and foldable, pivotable, and / or rotatable segments of the textile element.

[0108] A retaining device may be provided, and components of device 10 may be attached to (not shown) or be attachable to the retaining device. Thus, the components of device 10 are arranged relative to each other, and device 10 may be attached to a building or civil engineering structure.

[0109] Water collection device 24 may include a frame profile 34, in which a water collection or discharge (water outflow) section 35 occurs, and / or water collection device 24 may include a water storage section 33, which may be embodied as a water storage tank or a fluid flow layer in a multi-layer facade system (see...). Figure 1 and Figure 6 The textile element 12 can be held linearly and / or as scheduled and / or by other suitable fasteners (not shown) by a frame profile 34 (e.g., by a hemming (piping) connector 37). The frame profile 34 can be integrated, connected and / or attached to a holding device (not shown). In addition, the water reservoir 33 can be flow-connected to the frame profile 34.

[0110] A filter 36 is provided for filtering sedimentation water, wherein the filter 36 is integrated into the textile element 12 and / or arranged in or on the water collection device 24 (e.g., in or on the frame profile 34 of the water collection device 24) and / or in the building.

[0111] In this embodiment, a pump 38 and / or a water temperature control device (water heating and cooling) 40 are provided, each of which is connected to a water collection device 24 via a drain pipe 20 and / or to a water supply device 26 via a water supply pipe 22.

[0112] The water supply device 26 includes a frame profile 34' in which water supply 39 occurs. Textile elements 12 can be held linearly and / or as scheduled and / or by other suitable fasteners (not shown) by the frame profile 34' (e.g., by piping (seam) connectors 37'). The frame profile 34' can be integrated, connected, and / or attached to the holding device. Furthermore, a water storage section 33 and / or a public water supply network can be flow-connected to the frame profile 34'.

[0113] Water supply equipment 26 and / or water collection equipment 24 can be connected to heat exchangers 42 and 120.

[0114] In an advantageous manner, in addition to or in place of water supply equipment 26, an additional water supply equipment 67, including one or more linear or sequential jets, may be provided for uniform water wetting of textile elements 12.

[0115] Figure 2a and Figure 2b Showing according to Figure 1 The operation of the device 10. On the side facing the first water-permeable layer 14 (outer layer 14) of the textile element 12 of the device 10 is the outside (exterior) O, while on the side facing the second water-conducting layer 16 (inner layer 16) of the textile element 12 of the device 10 is the inside (interior) I.

[0116] Figure 2a A device 10 is shown for absorbing sedimentation during rainfall or heavy rain events. In this case, device 10 acts as both an absorber and a collector. Sedimentation can be absorbed (collected) by device 10 (e.g., by textile element 12) and optionally stored. During absorption, sedimentation enters textile element 12 on one side of the first layer 14 (see arrow 44). Sedimentation is guided from the first permeable layer 14 along connecting line 18 to the second water-conducting layer 16.

[0117] Because the second layer 16 is water-conducting (water-repellent) and / or hydrophobic, the absorbed sedimentation water does not, or only negligibly, permeate into or beyond the second layer 16 or into the interior of the multi-layer facade system. Under the influence of gravity, the absorbed water flows downward along the second layer 16 in the textile element 12 to the water collection or discharge (water outflow) section 35, for example, to a reservoir, basin, drain, etc., which can be integrated into the (lower) frame profile 34 of the water collection device 24. From there, for example, the absorbed and collected water can be fed to a water storage section, water consumers, and / or a public water supply network.

[0118] Figure 2b The device 10 is shown during a thermal event when water is discharged via evaporation. In this case, device 10 acts as an evaporator device. Water can be evaporated by device 10 (e.g., by textile element 12) for evaporative cooling of the exterior (e.g., building facade (multi-story facade system 100 or conventional facade 82 of existing building 80)) and / or the air volume and / or urban space adjacent to the facade) and / or the interior of the building (see [reference]). Figure 10a , Figure 10b For evaporation, water enters the textile element 12 from the water supply section 39 (e.g., the frame profile 34' of the water supply device 26 arranged upstream of the textile element 12). Under the influence of gravity, the supplied water moves downward in the textile element 12 along the second water-repellent (water-repellent) and / or hydrophobic layer 16, and moves via the connecting line 18 to the first permeable layer 14. During this process, water inside and above the device 10 (e.g., inside and above the textile element 12) evaporates due to the dominant solar radiation and heat at the exterior O of the device 10 (see arrow 46). The evaporation process results in the release of corresponding cooling energy, thereby reducing the heat load on the exterior O of the device 10 and / or the multi-layer facade system 100.

[0119] For uniform water wetting of the evaporator surface, in addition to or in addition to water supply device 26, a (additional) water supply device 67 may be provided to supply water to the textile element 12 as scheduled or linearly at several locations and / or at different heights. Water supply device 67 may include one or more jets (e.g., water nozzles, (perforated) conduits, or hoses arranged side-by-side along the height and / or width of the device 10 (e.g., the textile element 12 (not shown)). Preferably, water supply device 67 may be connected to water supply device 26 (e.g., frame profile 34') and / or to water supply pipe 22 and / or water collection device 24 (e.g., frame profile 34) and / or drain pipe 20.

[0120] The water supplied to the textile element 12 via water supply device 26 and / or water supply device 67 may be water that has been previously absorbed (collected) and stored by device 10 and / or water that has been supplied by a public water supply network.

[0121] Figure 3a and Figure 3b The operation of the device 10 is shown when it is equipped with an actuator (not shown) for actuating the first layer 14 and / or the second layer 16 of the textile element 12.

[0122] As described above, the first layer 14 and / or the second layer 16 can each be configured to be actuated by one or more actuators (not shown) provided along a direction parallel to a plane of the first layer 14 or the second layer 16. Therefore, the first layer 14 and the second layer 16 can be displaced relative to each other. In this way, the orientation (e.g., tilt angle) of the connecting line 18 can be changed.

[0123] Figure 3a This illustrates a situation where the first layer 14 is actuated to shift against gravity (upwards), and / or the second layer 16 is actuated to shift along gravity (downwards) (see arrow 43). This aligns the connecting lines 18 so that they slope downwards from the first layer 14 to the second layer 16. In this way, water absorption behavior is improved (see arrow 44) because the absorbed water moves more quickly from the first layer 14 to the second layer 16, and therefore more quickly downwards within the textile element 12 to the water collection or discharge (water outflow) section 35, for example, to a reservoir, basin, drain, etc., that can be integrated into the (lower) frame profile 34 of the water collection device 24.

[0124] Figure 3b This illustrates a situation where the first layer 14 is actuated to shift downwards along the direction of gravity, and / or the second layer 16 is actuated to shift upwards against the direction of gravity (see arrow 45). This aligns the connecting lines 18 so that they slope upwards from the first layer 14 to the second layer 16. In this way, water drainage behavior is improved (see arrow 46) because the water supplied to the textile element 12 by the water supply 39 from the water supply device 26 and / or the water supply device 67 moves downwards more quickly, and therefore also moves to the first permeable layer 14 more quickly.

[0125] Figures 4a to 4c Showing according to Figure 1 The device 10 is used as a structural element in various buildings or civil engineering structures.

[0126] Figure 4a The device 10 is shown applied to a civil engineering structure in the form of a bridge 50. The device 10 and / or textile element 12 are planar in shape (planar collector and / or evaporator surface). In this application, the device 10 and / or textile element 12 may also be curved (e.g., anticlastic, synclastic, concave or convex), folded, and / or adaptable (not shown).

[0127] Figure 4b The device 10 is shown applied to a civil engineering structure in the form of a wind turbine 60. The device 10 and / or textile element 12 are shaped as follows: the surfaces are curved in the same direction (double-curved) (collector and / or evaporator surfaces curved in the same direction). In this application, the device 10 and / or textile element 12 can also be convex and concave (double-curved) (collector and / or evaporator surfaces curved in the same direction) (not shown).

[0128] Figure 4c The device 10 is shown applied to a civil engineering structure in the form of a wind turbine 70. The device 10 and / or textile element 12 are convexly (simply) curved (convex curved collector and / or evaporator surfaces). In this application, the device 10 and / or textile element 12 can also be (simply) concavely curved (concave curved collector and / or evaporator surfaces) (not shown).

[0129] Figure 5 Showing according to Figure 1 The device 10 is used on the conventional facade 82 of an existing building 80 (e.g., a thermal insulation composite system).

[0130] The existing building 80 is equipped with the device 10 by installing the device 10 onto the supporting components of the building facade, for example, onto masonry in the case of a solid structure 88, or onto a steel structure (not shown) in the case of a frame structure. A conventional facade 82 (e.g., a thermal insulation composite system) may have the following components (from the outside to the inside): an outer plaster 84, a thermal insulation 86, supporting components of the building facade (e.g., masonry in the case of a solid structure) 88, and an inner plaster 90.

[0131] The device 10 is installed to the conventional facade 82 of an existing building 80 by a retaining device 92, for example, to an insulation composite system. The retaining device 92 includes a mounting bracket 94, one end of which is connected to the frame profiles 34, 34' of the device 10, and the other end is connected to the facade 82, for example by screws, in other words, to a supporting component of the building facade, for example, to masonry in the case of a solid structure 88, or to a steel structure (not shown) in the case of a framed structure.

[0132] By modifying existing building 80 using device 10, the building becomes more ecological, for example, by providing urban climate advantages while simultaneously reducing energy consumption and saving water.

[0133] Figure 6An embodiment of a multi-level facade system 100 for separating the interior (interior) I of a building from the exterior (exterior) O is shown. The facade system 100 includes a device 10 integrated on the side facing the exterior (exterior) O of the multi-level facade system 100. This device 10 corresponds to... Figure 1 Device 10, as shown in the figure Figure 1 The explanation in the text is to avoid repetition.

[0134] Facade system 100 represents a water-active facade that allows the device 10 to absorb water from rainfall events, store and / or use the water absorbed by the device 10 and / or water supplied by a public water supply network, for example for interior conditioning in several layers of facade system 100, and / or discharge water through evaporative cooling of the device 10.

[0135] Facade system 100 can be constructed as one or more layers and / or in a modular manner. Facade system 100 includes preferably modular profile systems 102, 102', to which components and / or retaining devices 92 and / or frame profiles 34, 34' of device 10 can be attached. The frame profiles 34, 34' and / or retaining devices 92 of device 10 and profile systems 102, 102' are compatible with each other. In this embodiment, the frame profiles 34, 34' of device 10 are attached to the profile systems 102, 102' of facade system 100. Profile systems 102, 102' can be embodied as aluminum, steel, polymer, or wood profile systems, or combinations thereof. Modular profile systems 102, 102' hold several layers of facade system 100. In this embodiment, the multi-layer facade system 100 includes a first fluid flow layer 104, an isolation layer 106, a second fluid flow layer 108, and an inner layer 110 (e.g., (acoustic) textile and / or inner membrane) on the side where the second layer 16 of the textile element 12 of device 10 is located. These layers are separated from each other by air spaces (air layers), such as the air space (air layer) 112 between the textile element 12 of device 10 and the first fluid flow layer 104.

[0136] The thermal and acoustic properties of the facade system 100, as well as the interior comfort of the building, are optimized through the use of the isolation layer 106, the fluid flow layers 104, 108, and the inner layer 110. The fluid flow layers 104, 108 can act as reservoirs for storing rainwater and / or for climate and acoustic regulation and / or for active fire protection measures. The fluid flow layers 104, 108 are connected to the flow of the device 10 (e.g., to the textile element 12, particularly to the water collection device 24 and / or to the water supply device 26) via, for example, the profile system 102, 102', the frame profiles 34, 34', the drainage pipe 20, the water supply pipe 22, and / or the fluid connectors 114, 116.

[0137] Figure 7a and Figure 7b Showing according to Figure 6 The operation of the multi-layer facade system 100.

[0138] Figure 7a This illustrates a multi-layer facade system 100 during rainfall or heavy rain events when the device 10 is absorbing rainwater. During absorption, rainwater enters the textile element 12 of the device 10 from one side of the first permeable layer 14 (see arrow 44). Under the influence of gravity, the absorbed rainwater moves from the first permeable layer 14 down through the connecting line 18 to the second water-conducting layer 16 and then to a water collection or discharge (water outflow) section, such as a reservoir, basin, or drainage ditch that can be integrated into the (lower) frame profile 34 of the water collection device 24.

[0139] The absorbed sedimentation water is guided, for example by pump 38, from the (lower) frame profile 34 to the fluid flow layers 104, 108 via fluid connection 114, where it is stored and / or used for interior comfort purposes. From there, the stored water can be discharged later in a timely manner. Fluid connection 114 can be further connected to a filter 36 for filtering sedimentation water and / or an additional water storage unit 33, for example, connected to a water tank and / or pump 38 and / or water temperature control equipment (water heating and cooling) 40 and / or heat exchangers 42, 120.

[0140] Figure 7bThe diagram illustrates a multi-level facade system 100 during a thermal event when water is discharged via evaporation. Water stored in fluid flow layers 104, 108 and / or additional water storage sections 33 (e.g., water absorbed by device 10), and / or water supplied by a public water supply network, is directed to a water supply 39, for example, to a drain, conduit, pipe, inflow line, funnel, etc., in the (upper) frame profile 34' of a water supply device 26 arranged upstream of textile element 12. From there, under the influence of gravity, the supplied water moves downwards in textile element 12 along a second water-conducting layer 16 and via connecting line 18 to a first permeable layer 14. During this process, water evaporates within and above device 10 (e.g., within and above textile element 12) due to the dominant solar radiation and heat on the exterior O of facade system 100 (see arrow 46). The phase change of water from liquid to vapor releases cooling energy. Therefore, the impact of thermal load on external oxygen can be reduced.

[0141] In addition to or in addition to the water supply 39 of the water supply device 26, an (additional) water supply device 67 may be provided to optimize evaporation behavior by creating a uniformly wetted evaporator surface. This allows water to be supplied to the textile element 12, preferably at several locations and / or at different heights, either regularly or linearly. The water supply device 67 may include one or more jets, such as water nozzles, (perforated) conduits, or hoses arranged side-by-side along the height and / or width of the device 10 (e.g., the textile element 12 (not shown)). In another embodiment, the water supply device 67 may be configured as a planar perforated water supply device, for example, the fluid flow layer 104 may be perforated and connected to the device 10 (e.g., the textile element 12) via a perforated second water guide layer 16 in such a way that water is uniformly supplied from the fluid flow layer 104 to the textile element 12 by regulating the pressure inside the fluid flow layer 104. Preferably, the water supply device 67 can be connected to the water supply device 26 via the profile system 102', the frame profile 34', the water supply pipe 22 and / or via the fluid connector 116. Furthermore, the water supply device 67 can be connected to the water collection device 24 via the profile system 102, the frame profile 34, the drainage pipe 20 and / or via the fluid connector 114.

[0142] Water moving through textile element 12 to water collection or discharge (water outflow) section 35 and / or (lower) frame profile 34 can be fed back to fluid flow layers 104, 108 and / or water supply equipment 26 and / or water supply equipment 67 via fluid connector 114.

[0143] Figure 8a and Figure 8b Showing according to Figure 6 Another use of the multi-layer facade system 100.

[0144] In the diagrams below, light gray indicates a cold, low temperature, while dark gray symbolizes a warm, high temperature.

[0145] Figure 8a A multi-layer facade system 100 is shown, featuring temperature control of a separate fluid flow layer for regulating the surface temperature of the interior walls under hot weather conditions, such as in summer. In this embodiment, cooling water flows through a second fluid flow layer 108 located on the side facing the insulation layer 106 of the interior (inner) I. For this purpose, water already absorbed by the device 10 and / or stored in the storage section 33 (e.g., a water tank) and / or in the first fluid flow layer 104, and / or water supplied by a public water supply network, can be cooled by water temperature control devices (water heating and cooling) 40 connected to fluid connections 114 and / or 116, and can be fed to the second fluid flow layer 108, for example, by means of a pump 38. As the water moves along the second fluid flow layer 108, the interior I can be cooled (see arrow 51). This contributes to a comfortable indoor climate and energy savings under hot weather conditions, such as in summer. Cooling water is fed from fluid connector 114 via profile system 102 to the second fluid flow layer 108 by pump 38, where it moves upward to profile system 102', or cooling water is supplied from fluid connector 116 via (upper) profile system 102' to the second fluid flow layer 108, where it moves downward to profile system 102.

[0146] Figure 8b A multi-layer facade system 100 is shown, featuring temperature control of a separate fluid flow layer for regulating the surface temperature of the interior walls in cold weather conditions, such as winter. In this embodiment, heated water flows through a second fluid flow layer 108 located on the side facing the insulation layer 106 of the interior (inner) I. For this purpose, water already absorbed by the device 10 and / or stored in the water storage section 33 (e.g., a water tank) and / or in the first fluid flow layer 104, and / or water supplied by a public water supply network, can be heated by a water temperature control device (water heating and cooling) 40 connected to fluid connectors 114 and / or 116, and can be fed to the second fluid flow layer 108, for example, by means of a pump 38. As the water moves along the second fluid flow layer 108, thermal energy is transferred to the interior I (see arrow 53). This contributes to a comfortable indoor climate and energy savings in cold weather conditions, such as winter. Heated water is fed from fluid connector 114 via profile system 102 to second fluid flow layer 108 by pump 38, where it moves upward to profile system 102', or heated water is supplied from fluid connector 116 via (upper) profile system 102' to second fluid flow layer 108, where it moves downward to profile system 102.

[0147] Figure 9a and Figure 9b Showing according to Figure 6 Another use of the multi-layer facade system 100.

[0148] Figure 9a A multi-layer facade system 100 is shown when used as a heat collector. Water is guided via fluid connector 116 to a first fluid flow layer 104 via an (upper) profile system 102', and / or via water supply device 26 (e.g., via an (upper) frame profile 34') and / or via water supply device 67 to a device 10 (e.g., to a textile element 12). From there, water moves down from the first fluid flow layer 104 to the (lower) profile system 102, and / or via connecting line 18 from the device 10 (e.g., textile element 12) down along a second water-conducting (water-repelling) layer 16 to a first permeable layer 14, and / or to the (lower) frame profile 34. In this process, the water is heated by energy from solar radiation (see arrow 47). Heat can be extracted from the heated water by heat exchangers 42, 120 and / or by a water temperature control device (water heating and cooling) 40 coupled to the fluid connector 114, so that the water can be cooled down. Cooling water is fed, for example, by pump 38 via the (lower) profile system 102 into the second fluid flow layer 108, from where it moves upward and again via the (upper) profile system 102' through fluid connector 116 to the first fluid flow layer 104, and / or via water supply device 26 (e.g., (upper) frame profile 34') and / or via water supply device 67 to the device 10 (e.g., textile element 12). Thus, the fluid flow layer 104 on the outer O of the insulation layer 106 absorbs and dissipates thermal energy from solar radiation. The fluid flow layer 108 on the inner I of the insulation layer 106 is supplied with cold water to lower the interior temperature (see arrow 49). This contributes to energy savings for interior conditioning in hot weather conditions and a comfortable indoor climate.

[0149] The flow direction of fluid flow layers 104, 108 can also be reversed (not shown). In this case, water is guided via fluid connector 114 to the first fluid flow layer 104 via the (lower) profile system 102. From there, water is pumped upward from the first fluid flow layer 104 to the (upper) profile system 102'. In this process, the water is heated by the energy of solar radiation (see arrow 47). Heat can be extracted from the heated water by heat exchangers 42, 120 and / or by water temperature control devices (water heating and cooling) 40 coupled to fluid connector 116, so that the water can be cooled down. The cooled water is fed to the second fluid flow layer 108 via the (upper) profile system 102', from where it moves downward and again via the (lower) profile system 102 through fluid connector 114 to the first fluid flow layer 104. Thus, the fluid flow layer 104 on the outer O of the isolation layer 106 absorbs and dissipates the thermal energy from solar radiation. The fluid circulation layer 108 on the inner side I of the insulation layer 106 is supplied with cold water to reduce the interior temperature (see arrow 49). This contributes to energy savings for interior conditioning in hot weather conditions and to a comfortable indoor climate.

[0150] Figure 9b This illustration shows a multi-layer facade system 100 when temperature control is applied to fluid flow layers 104, 108 to influence the heat flux from the facade to the exterior O. Water is heated by heat exchangers 42, 120 and / or by water temperature control devices (water heating and cooling) 140 coupled to fluid connectors 114 and / or 116. The heated water is fed, for example, from fluid connector 114 via profile system 102 and / or from fluid connector 116 via profile system 102' to the second fluid flow layer 108, from where it moves upward and / or downward. Thus, thermal energy is transferred to the interior (inner side) I (see arrow 51). Alternatively, at the upper portion of profile system 102', the heated water travels through fluid connector 116 to the first fluid flow layer 104, from where the heated water moves, for example, by gravity to the lower portion of profile system 102. Alternatively, heated water can be fed through fluid connector 114 to the first fluid flow layer 104 via the (lower) profile system 102, from where the heated water is moved upwards, for example, by pump 38, to the (upper) profile system 102'. Due to the predominantly cold external environment, the water cools down as the thermal energy contained in the water in the first fluid flow layer 104 is transferred to the environment. Temperature control of the fluid flow layers 104, 108 reduces the heat flux through the multi-layer facade system 100. This contributes to energy savings for interior conditioning during cold weather conditions and to a comfortable indoor climate.

[0151] Figure 10a and Figure 10b Showing according to Figure 6Possible modifications to the multi-story facade system 100. The facade system 100 largely corresponds to... Figure 6 The configuration is described there, so please refer to the explanation there to avoid duplication.

[0152] In comparison, this multi-story facade system 100 has a corresponding feature based on... Figure 1 The additional device 10' of the device 10. The additional device 10' forms the inner layer 110' of the facade system 100, wherein the first (water-permeable) layer 14' of the textile element 12' of the additional device 10' faces the inner (inner) side I. Therefore, the additional device 10' is laterally oriented opposite to the first device 10.

[0153] The frame profiles 34'' and 34''' of the additional device 10' are connected to the modular profile systems 102, 102' of the facade system 100. Textile elements 12', designated as or embodying the three-dimensional textile structure 13' of the additional device 10', are fluidly connected to fluid connectors 116', for example, via the (upper) frame profile 34'''. Furthermore, textile elements 12' of the additional device 10' are fluidly connected to fluid connectors 114', for example, via the (lower) frame profile 34''' of the additional device 10'.

[0154] Figure 10b The multi-story facade system 100 is illustrated, for example, during hot weather conditions when water is discharged via evaporation. Water is supplied to the profile system 102' and / or the frame profiles 34', 34'' of water supply devices 26, 26' arranged upstream of textile elements 12, 12' via fluid connections 116, 116', and / or directly to textile elements 12, 12' via water supply devices 67, 67'. The water supplied to textile elements 12, 12' may be water previously absorbed by device 10 and / or water supplied to the multi-story facade system 100 from a public water supply network.

[0155] For evaporation, water enters the textile elements 12, 12' from the frame profiles 34', 34''. Under the influence of gravity, the supplied water moves down to the first layer 14, 14' via connecting lines 18, 18' along the second water-repellent (water-conducting) layers 16, 16' in the textile elements 12, 12'. During this process, water inside and on the devices 10, 10' (e.g., textile elements 12, 12') evaporates due to the dominant solar radiation and heat on the exterior O of the device 10 (see arrow 55) and / or due to the heat at the interior I of the device 10' within the building (see arrow 56). The evaporation process in the device 10 and / or the other device 10' results in the release of corresponding cooling energy, thus reducing the impact of heat load on the exterior O and / or interior I of the multi-story facade system 100.

[0156] In a configuration with a first permeable layer 14', water discharged from another device 10' facing the lining (inner side) I can be further used to humidify the air inside. Alternatively, in a configuration with a first impermeable layer 14' and / or (additionally) an impermeable layer applied to the first layer 14' (not shown), the evaporated water can be retained and discharged from the interior of the device 10' (e.g., textile element 12') to avoid and / or reduce humidification of the lining I. In this embodiment, the water and airflow inside the device 10' generates cooling energy, thus lowering the surface temperature of the layer 14' facing the lining I without releasing moisture into the lining.

[0157] In a suitable manner, to improve evaporation behavior, an additional, finer porous textile layer (e.g., multifilament and / or nonwoven fabric and / or superabsorbent, etc. (not shown)) for encapsulating more water can be applied between the second layer 16, 16' of the textile elements 12, 12' and the optionally (separately) applied water-conducting (water-repelling) layer, thus contributing to more uniform wetting and higher evaporative cooling while reducing water consumption.

[0158] Alternatively, in a configuration having a first impermeable layer 14' facing the interior of the device 10', an additional, finer porous textile layer for encapsulating more water (e.g., multifilament and / or non-water-permeable fabric and / or superabsorbent, etc. (not shown)) can also be applied between the first layer 14' of the textile element 12' and the optionally (separately) applied impermeable layer (not shown), thus contributing to more uniform wetting and higher evaporative cooling while reducing water consumption.

[0159] Advantageously, device 10 and device 10' can be operated simultaneously (i.e., together with each other) or independently (i.e., separately from each other). When only device 10' is activated for interior cooling and / or interior air humidification, water is supplied only via fluid connection 116' to water supply device 26', such as to water supply device 67' to frame profile 34''' and / or to textile element 12'. For equivalent activation of only device 10, see [reference]. Figure 7b To avoid repetition.

[0160] In addition to or in addition to the water supply devices 26, 26', for example via frame profiles 34', 34''', (additional) water supply devices 67, 67' may be provided. This allows water to be supplied to textile elements 12, 12' as scheduled or linearly, preferably at several locations and / or at different heights. The water supply devices 67, 67' may include one or more jets, such as water nozzles, (perforated) conduits, or hoses arranged side by side along the height and / or width of the devices 10, 10' (e.g., textile elements 12, 12'). In another embodiment, water supply devices 67, 67' may be configured as planar perforated water supply devices. For example, fluid flow layers 104 and / or 108 may be perforated and connected to devices 10, 10' (e.g., textile elements 12, 12') via perforations, such that water is uniformly supplied from fluid flow layers 104 and / or 108 to textile elements 12, 12' by adjusting the internal pressure of fluid flow layers 104 and / or 108. Preferably, water supply devices 67, 67' may be fluidly connected to water supply devices 26, 26' (e.g., frame profiles 34', 34''') via profile system 102', via water supply pipes 22, 22' and / or via fluid connectors 116, 116'. Furthermore, the water supply devices 67, 67' can be fluidly connected to the water collection devices 24, 24' (e.g., frame profiles 34, 34'') via the profile system 102, via the drain pipes 20, 20' and / or via the fluid connectors 114, 114'. Water evaporation can be optimized by uniformly wetting the evaporator surfaces with respect to water distribution and quantity using the water supply devices 67, 67'.

[0161] Figure 11 Showing according to Figure 6 Possible modifications to the multi-story facade system 100. The facade system 100 largely corresponds to... Figure 6 The configuration is described there, so please refer to the explanation there to avoid duplication.

[0162] In comparison, this multi-story facade system 100 includes the modified version based on... Figure 1 The device 10. The textile element 12 includes folding structures 28, 28', 28'', which divide the textile element 12 into several foldable, foldable, pivotable and / or rotatable segments 30, 30', 30'', 30'''.

[0163] Foldable, foldable, pivotable, and / or rotatable segments 30, 30', 30'', 30''' can be operated by actuators 32, 32', 32'' (e.g., linear and / or rotary actuators). At one end, actuators 32, 32', 32'' are connected to a mechanical substructure 57, such as steel, wood, aluminum, and / or polymers or combinations thereof, which is attached to the profile system 102, 102' and / or frame profiles 34, 34' and / or the retaining device 92 of device 10. At the other end, actuators 32, 32', 32'' are connected to textile elements 12, for example, to folding structures 28, 28', 28'', such that segments 30, 30', 30'', 30''' can be folded, pivoted, and / or rotated when actuators 32, 32', 32'' are operated. An air space (air layer) 69 is arranged between the textile element 12 and the mechanical substructure 57.

[0164] By actuating the folded structure, the collector and / or evaporator surface can be maximized and specifically adjusted to, for example, the corresponding angles of settling water droplets and / or solar incidence angles. In this way, water absorption and discharge behavior, as well as water discharge and evaporation behavior, can be improved. The actuation can be operated manually or automatically in an adaptive manner by integrating sensors, actuators, and control units.

[0165] As described above, sensors (not shown) for recording climate and / or environmental data (e.g., ambient temperature, humidity, solar radiation, wind data, and / or rain data) and / or control units for operating and / or adjusting actuators 32, 32', 32'' can be provided. The control units (not shown) can be configured to automatically align with impact sedimentation water and / or with the solar incidence adjustment device 10 and / or the textile element 12 and / or its segments 30, 30', 30'', 30'''. This helps to maximize the performance of the device.

[0166] The control unit (not shown) can be configured to interact with one or more sensors and actuators 32, 32', 32''. The operation of the device and / or textile element 12 and / or segments 30, 30', 30'', 30''' can be monitored using one or more additional sensors. Methods for operating the device 10 and / or the multi-story facade system 100, such as software, are implemented on the control unit.

[0167] Alternatively, folded structures can also be incorporated into textile elements using additive and / or subtractive manufacturing methods, such as textile (3D) printing and / or fabric bonding equipment.

[0168] Alternatively, folded structures can be introduced into the device 10 and / or textile element 12 without actuation, simply to maximize the absorption (collection) and / or emission (evaporation) surface area of ​​the device 10 (e.g., textile element 12). In this case, the system is simply passive. The amount of folded structure (e.g., the size of its segments) is unlimited.

Claims

1. A device (10) for absorbing precipitation from rainfall events or rainstorm events and discharging the water by evaporation, characterized in that... At least one textile element (12) for absorbing water from raindrops and / or discharging water by evaporation, wherein the textile element (12) is designed as a three-dimensional textile structure (13) having a first permeable layer (14) and a second water-conducting layer (16), wherein these layers (14, 16) are connected to each other by means of a water-conducting connecting line (18), wherein the textile element (12) is fluidly connected to a drainage pipe (20) and / or a water supply pipe (22).

2. The apparatus (10) as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that, A water collection device (24) is provided, which is in flow connection with the textile element (12) and / or in flow connection with the drainage pipe (20).

3. The apparatus (10) as described in claim 2, characterized in that, Provide water supply equipment (26, 67) that is in flow connection with the textile element (12) and / or in flow connection with the water supply pipe (22).

4. The apparatus (10) as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that, The device (10) and / or the textile element (12) include hydrophilic modification and / or hydrophobic modification.

5. The apparatus (10) as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that, The textile element (12), i.e., the three-dimensional textile structure (13), is formed of synthetic fibers, polymer fibers, glass fibers, metal fibers and / or other suitable materials embodied as monofilaments or multifilaments.

6. The apparatus (10) as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that, The first permeable layer (14) has water-attracting and / or hydrophilic lamination, coating, decoration, filament shape optimization, and / or a water-attracting layer is applied to the first permeable layer (14), wherein the water-attracting layer and / or the first permeable layer (14) has a finer porosity design compared to the spacing structure (19) formed by the water-conducting connection line (18) between the first permeable layer (14) and the second water-conducting layer (16).

7. The apparatus (10) as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that, The second water-conducting layer (16) has water-conducting and / or hydrophobic lamination, coating, decoration and / or filament shape optimization, and / or the water-conducting layer is applied to the second water-conducting layer (16), wherein the water-conducting layer and / or the second water-conducting layer (16) are impermeable or perforated.

8. The apparatus (10) as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that, The device (10) and / or the textile element (12) are planar, curved, folded and / or adaptable.

9. The apparatus (10) as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that, The first permeable layer (14) and / or the second water-conducting layer (16) can be actuated by one or more actuators in a direction parallel to the plane of the first permeable layer (14) or the second water-conducting layer (16) so that the first permeable layer (14) and the second water-conducting layer (16) can be displaced relative to each other.

10. The apparatus (10) as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that, The device (10) and / or the textile element (12) includes folding structures (28, 28', 28'') that divide the device (10) and / or the textile element (12) into several foldable, foldable, pivotable and / or rotatable segments (30, 30', 30'', 30''').

11. The apparatus (10) as claimed in claim 10, characterized in that, - The folded structures (28, 28', 28'') have mechanical substructures (57), and / or the folded structures (28, 28', 28'') are introduced into the textile element (12) by means of additive or subtractive manufacturing methods, and / or - The folded structure (28, 28', 28'') is embodied by a fabric bonding device.

12. The apparatus (10) as claimed in claim 10 or 11, characterized in that, Actuators (32, 32', 32'') are provided, by means of which the foldable, foldable, pivotable and / or rotatable sections (30, 30', 30'', 30''') can be operated.

13. The apparatus (10) as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that, Provide sensors to record climate and / or environmental data.

14. The apparatus (10) as claimed in claim 12, characterized in that, A control unit is provided for operating and / or adjusting the actuators (32, 32', 32''), wherein the control unit is configured such that the device (10) and / or the textile element (12) and / or its segments (30, 30', 30'', 30''') are oriented toward sediment and / or solar radiation.

15. The apparatus (10) as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that, A retaining device is provided, to which components of the device (10) are attached or can be attached.

16. The apparatus (10) as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that, The water collection device (24) includes frame profiles (34, 34') and / or a water storage section (33) for storing sedimentation water.

17. The apparatus (10) as claimed in claim 16, characterized in that, A filter (36) is provided for filtering sedimentation water, wherein the filter (36) is integrated in the textile element (12) and / or arranged in or on the water collection device (24) and / or arranged in the building.

18. The apparatus (10) as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that, A pump (38) and / or a water temperature control device (40) are provided, both of which are in flow connection to the water supply device (26, 67) and / or to the water collection device (24).

19. The apparatus (10) as claimed in claim 18, characterized in that, The water supply equipment (26, 67) and / or the water collection equipment (24) are connected to the heat exchanger (42, 120).

20. The use of the device (10) as claimed in claim 1 as a structural element inside, on or outside a building or civil engineering structure (50, 60, 70).

21. The use of at least one device (10) as claimed in claim 1 on or within the facade of a new building and / or on or within the facade of an existing building (80) as an additional element on a conventional facade (82).

22. A facade system (100) for separating an interior space I of a building from an exterior space O, comprising the device (10) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the facade system (100) is configured to include one or more of a first fluid flow layer (104), an isolation layer (106), a second fluid flow layer (108) and / or an inner layer (110), and / or the facade system (100) is constructed in a modular manner.

23. The facade system (100) as described in claim 22, characterized in that, On the side where the second water-guiding layer (16) of the textile element (12) of the device (10) is located, the facade system (100) has at least one of the first fluid flow layer (104) and the second fluid flow layer (108) and / or an isolation layer (106) and / or an inner layer (110).

24. The facade system (100) as claimed in claim 23, characterized in that, A first fluid flow layer (104) and a second fluid flow layer (108) are provided, wherein the first fluid flow layer (104) is disposed on one side of the isolation layer (106) and the second fluid flow layer (108) is disposed on the other side of the isolation layer (106).

25. The facade system (100) as claimed in claim 24, characterized in that, One of the first fluid flow layer (104) and the second fluid flow layer (108) is configured and intended to serve as a heat collector and / or for temperature control of the interior wall surface of a building, for regulation of air humidity, for regulation of acoustic and sound insulation performance and / or for active fire protection measures.

26. The facade system (100) as claimed in claim 22, characterized in that, Provide an additional device (10') as claimed in claim 1, the additional device (10') forming an inner layer of the facade system, wherein the first permeable layer (14') of the textile element (12') of the additional device (10') faces the interior I of the building.

27. The facade system (100) as claimed in claim 22, characterized in that, The facade system (100) includes a modular profile system (102, 102'), and components of the facade system (100) and / or the retaining device of the device (10) as claimed in claim 15 and / or the frame profiles (34, 34') of the device (10) as claimed in claim 16 are attached to or can be attached to the profile system (102, 102').

28. A method for operating the apparatus (10) as claimed in claim 1 and / or the facade system (100) as claimed in claim 22 on a building, characterized in that, Supply sedimentation water for use inside, on, or outside the building.

29. The method as described in claim 28, characterized in that, Water and / or sediment water are discharged via evaporation through the textile element (12).

30. The method as described in claim 28, characterized in that, The sedimentation water is supplied as raw water to consumers inside, above, or outside the building, and / or the sedimentation water is treated into drinking water.

31. The method as described in claim 28, characterized in that, The sedimentation water is used for indoor conditioning of buildings in terms of temperature and humidity regulation, for adjusting acoustic and sound insulation performance, and / or for active fire protection measures.

32. The method as described in claim 28, characterized in that, The sedimentation water is discharged into a public water supply network and / or transported to nearby buildings and / or civil engineering structures.

33. A method for controlling and / or regulating the apparatus for absorbing and discharging water as described in claim 1 and / or the facade system (100) as described in claim 22, the method comprising the following steps: - Retrieve weather forecast data from the weather service for the defined time period. - Estimate the consumption of drinking water, raw water, and / or greywater inside, above, or outside a building or civil engineering structure for a defined time period, and - Compare the estimated consumption of drinking water, raw water and / or grey water with the expected precipitation production from the weather forecast data.

34. The method as described in claim 33, characterized in that, Determine the amount of water required for evaporative cooling of the facade, the air space adjacent to the facade, and / or the urban space.

35. The method as described in claim 33, characterized in that, Determine the required amount of drinking water, raw water, and / or grey water inside, on, or outside the building or civil engineering structure.

36. The method as described in claim 33, characterized in that, Determine the amount of water needed for indoor conditioning.

37. The method as described in claim 33, characterized in that, Determine the amount of water required for active fire protection measures in the building.

38. The method as described in claim 33, characterized in that, Delivering excess water to adjacent buildings or civil engineering structures, and / or feeding excess water into public water supply networks.

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