A 5G antenna tilt angle determination method and system based on NB-IoT

Abstract

The application provides a 5G antenna tilt angle determination method and system based on NB-IoT. The method comprises the following steps: a monitoring center sends a request instruction to an NB-IoT core network; the NB-IoT core network sends a measurement instruction to a target NB-IoT base station based on the target NB-IoT base station information of the 5G antenna tilt angle to be measured; the target NB-IoT base station encodes the received measurement instruction in a first radio frequency signal and sends the first radio frequency signal to NB-IoT terminals on each base station antenna panel of the target NB-IoT base station; the NB-IoT terminals measure 5G antenna tilt angle data by using an acceleration sensor; the 5G antenna tilt angle data and the terminal ID of the NB-IoT terminal are encoded in a second radio frequency signal and sent to the target NB-IoT base station, so as to return to the monitoring center via the NB-IoT core network; and the monitoring center determines the 5G antenna tilt angle of each base station antenna.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of 5G communication technology, and particularly relates to a method and system for determining the tilt angle of a 5G antenna based on NB-IoT. Background Technology

[0002] A base station, also known as a public mobile communication base station, is an interface device for mobile devices to access the Internet. It is also a type of radio station, consisting of a high-power, multi-channel, two-way radio transmitter fixed in one location. They are typically used for low-power, two-way wireless communication, such as in mobile phones, cell phones, and wireless routers.

[0003] The construction of mobile communication base stations is an important part of the investment of mobile communication operators. The construction of mobile communication base stations generally revolves around factors such as coverage, call quality, investment efficiency, construction difficulty, and maintenance convenience. In the engineering design of mobile communication networks, base station antennas should be constructed reasonably according to specific requirements such as coverage requirements, service quality, and anti-interference capabilities. The setting of base station antennas needs to focus on parameters such as downtilt angle, azimuth angle, height distance, and isolation distance.

[0004] For 5G millimeter wave base stations, the number of antenna devices is far greater than that of 4G (3G) network base stations. To monitor the antennas of an operational 5G base station, it is necessary to send dedicated personnel to the site for mechanical measurements, which is not only a waste of manpower but also takes more time for the large number of devices.

[0005] Taking downtilt as an example, antennas built in various locations need to be maintained, such as in windy areas and earthquake-prone regions, because the downtilt angle directly affects the radiation direction and intensity of the antenna's main beam. The tilt angle of a base station antenna can be described by Euler angles; Euler angles are a set of three independent angular vectors describing the orientation of a rigid body relative to a fixed coordinate system. Introduced to represent the rotational state (downtilt angle state value) of a 5G base station antenna, the measurement result can be obtained using an accelerometer. When there are a large number of 5G base station antennas, manually measuring the real-time tilt angle of each antenna would be extremely time-consuming and labor-intensive. Therefore, it is necessary to design a tilt angle testing platform for base station antennas based on NB-IoT. Through narrowband IoT access, the tilt angles of multiple base station antennas can be measured simultaneously, facilitating subsequent adjustments to the base station antennas.

[0006] Currently, the downtilt angle of base station antennas can be measured using a compass or a multi-functional slope tester. The measurement method is relatively mechanical: place the compass or multi-functional slope tester on a tripod at a certain distance from the vertical direction of the base station antenna panel, stabilize it, and then turn on the instrument to test the downtilt angle of the antenna. When using the above instruments to test the downtilt angle of base station antennas, the following problems will be encountered: (1) If the base station antenna is suspended in a high position, it is difficult to determine the vertical direction of its panel, that is, there is an error in the placement of the instrument; (2) For the downtilt angle of a large number of base station antennas, the test process needs to be repeated for each antenna, which consumes a lot of time; (3) When measuring the downtilt angle of the antenna using the above instruments, it is impossible to monitor the antenna's deviation at small angles, that is, the measurement accuracy is not high. Summary of the Invention

[0007] To address the aforementioned technical issues, this invention proposes a 5G antenna tilt angle determination scheme based on NB-IoT.

[0008] The first aspect of this invention discloses a method for determining the tilt angle of a 5G antenna based on NB-IoT. NB-IoT is a narrowband Internet of Things, including an NB-IoT core network and several NB-IoT base stations. Each base station antenna board of the NB-IoT base station is equipped with an NB-IoT terminal, and the NB-IoT terminal collects data for determining the tilt angle of the 5G antenna. The method includes:

[0009] Step S1: When the monitoring center detects a 5G antenna tilt angle measurement requirement, it sends a request instruction to the NB-IoT core network. The request instruction includes a measurement instruction and information on the target NB-IoT base station whose 5G antenna tilt angle is to be measured. The number of target NB-IoT base stations whose 5G antenna tilt angle is to be measured is at least one.

[0010] Step S2: The NB-IoT core network sends the measurement command to the target NB-IoT base station based on the target NB-IoT base station information of the 5G antenna tilt angle to be measured.

[0011] Step S3: The target NB-IoT base station encodes the received measurement command into a first radio frequency signal and sends the encoded first radio frequency signal to the NB-IoT terminal installed on each base station antenna board of the target NB-IoT base station;

[0012] Step S4: The NB-IoT terminal uses an accelerometer to measure the 5G antenna tilt angle data based on the measurement command extracted from the encoded first radio frequency signal.

[0013] Step S5: Encode the 5G antenna tilt angle data and the terminal ID of the NB-IoT terminal in the second radio frequency signal, and send the encoded second radio frequency signal to the target NB-IoT base station, so as to return to the monitoring center via the NB-IoT core network;

[0014] Step S6: The monitoring center extracts the 5G antenna tilt angle data and the terminal ID of the NB-IoT terminal from the encoded second radio frequency signal to determine the 5G antenna tilt angle of each base station antenna.

[0015] According to the method of the first aspect of the present invention, in step S3, before the target NB-IoT base station transmits the encoded first radio frequency signal to the NB-IoT terminal, the method further includes:

[0016] The target NB-IoT base station sends an authentication request to the NB-IoT terminal. The authentication request is used to complete the identity verification and key negotiation between the target NB-IoT base station and the NB-IoT terminal.

[0017] The NB-IoT terminal performs an authentication process based on the authentication request. When the authentication is successful, it sends an authentication success message to the target NB-IoT base station, so that the target NB-IoT base station establishes a communication link with the NB-IoT terminal for transmitting radio frequency signals after receiving the authentication success message.

[0018] The authentication process is implemented using the following authentication Q-vector:

[0019] Q = RAND|AUTN|K ASME |XRES (1)

[0020] AUTN=SQN|AMF|MAC1 (2)

[0021] RAND is the authentication random number; AUTN is the authentication token used when performing the authentication process; K ASME The key is used to generate the authentication key; XRES is the initially saved response value; SQN is the synchronization sequence code, used for synchronization between the network side and the terminal side of the NB-IoT base station; AMF is the authentication management field, used to determine the network type; MAC1 is the message authentication code carried by the network.

[0022] According to a method of a first aspect of the present invention, the NB-IoT terminal has an idle state, a connected state, and a sleep state; wherein:

[0023] When the NB-IoT terminal is in an idle state, it only receives paging messages and authentication pass messages.

[0024] When the NB-IoT terminal receives the encoded first radio frequency signal, it enters the connected state from the idle state to receive and forward various radio frequency signals.

[0025] After establishing the communication link for transmitting radio frequency signals, if no radio frequency signal is received for a fixed period of time, the NB-IoT terminal enters a sleep state.

[0026] If authentication fails, the NB-IoT terminal enters a sleep state;

[0027] The timer periodically wakes up NB-IoT terminals that are in a dormant state to enter an idle state.

[0028] According to the method of the first aspect of the present invention, in step S4, the accelerometer is a triaxial gravity accelerometer, and the measured tilt angle data of the 5G antenna is the projection value (g) of the gravitational acceleration experienced by the NB-IoT terminal onto the three axes x, y, z of the triaxial gravity accelerometer. X ,g Y ,g Z ),in:

[0029]

[0030] g represents the gravitational acceleration experienced by the NB-IoT terminal.

[0031] According to the method of the first aspect of the present invention, encoding each radio frequency signal specifically includes converting the data to be encoded into each radio frequency signal into binary data stored in the header of the transmission data packet of each radio frequency signal.

[0032] According to the method of the first aspect of the present invention, in step S6, the tilt angle of the 5G antenna is (α, β, γ), wherein:

[0033]

[0034] α is the pitch angle, representing the angle between the x-axis of the triaxial gravity acceleration sensor and the horizontal plane xy; β is the roll angle, representing the angle between the y-axis of the triaxial gravity acceleration sensor and the horizontal plane xy; and γ is the angle between the z-axis and the direction of gravity.

[0035] According to the method of the first aspect of the present invention, the monitoring center is further configured to monitor the 5G antenna tilt angle of each base station antenna, and execute a visual early warning program when the 5G antenna tilt angle of any base station antenna exceeds a threshold.

[0036] A second aspect of this invention discloses a 5G antenna tilt angle determination system based on NB-IoT. NB-IoT is a narrowband Internet of Things, including an NB-IoT core network and several NB-IoT base stations. Each base station antenna board of the NB-IoT base station is equipped with an NB-IoT terminal, which collects data for determining the 5G antenna tilt angle. The system includes:

[0037] The first processing unit is configured to send a request instruction to the NB-IoT core network when the monitoring center detects a 5G antenna tilt angle measurement requirement. The request instruction includes a measurement instruction and information on the target NB-IoT base station whose 5G antenna tilt angle is to be measured, wherein the number of target NB-IoT base stations whose 5G antenna tilt angle is to be measured is at least one.

[0038] The second processing unit is configured to use the NB-IoT core network to send the measurement command to the target NB-IoT base station based on the target NB-IoT base station information of the 5G antenna tilt angle to be measured.

[0039] The third processing unit is configured to encode the received measurement command into a first radio frequency signal using the target NB-IoT base station, and send the encoded first radio frequency signal to the NB-IoT terminal installed on each base station antenna board of the target NB-IoT base station;

[0040] The fourth processing unit is configured to use the NB-IoT terminal to measure 5G antenna tilt angle data using an accelerometer based on the measurement command extracted from the encoded first radio frequency signal;

[0041] The fifth processing unit is configured to encode the 5G antenna tilt angle data and the terminal ID of the NB-IoT terminal in a second radio frequency signal, and send the encoded second radio frequency signal to the target NB-IoT base station, so as to return to the monitoring center via the NB-IoT core network;

[0042] The sixth processing unit is configured to use the monitoring center to extract the 5G antenna tilt angle data and the terminal ID of the NB-IoT terminal from the encoded second radio frequency signal to determine the 5G antenna tilt angle of each base station antenna.

[0043] According to a system of a second aspect of the present invention, the third processing unit is specifically configured to, before invoking the target NB-IoT base station to transmit the encoded first radio frequency signal to the NB-IoT terminal, further include:

[0044] The target NB-IoT base station is invoked to send an authentication request to the NB-IoT terminal. The authentication request is used to complete the authentication and key negotiation between the target NB-IoT base station and the NB-IoT terminal.

[0045] The NB-IoT terminal is invoked to perform the authentication process based on the authentication request. When the authentication is successful, an authentication success message is sent to the target NB-IoT base station, so that the target NB-IoT base station establishes a communication link with the NB-IoT terminal for transmitting radio frequency signals after receiving the authentication success message.

[0046] The authentication process is implemented using the following authentication Q-vector:

[0047] Q = RAND|AUTN|K ASME |XRES (1)

[0048] AUTN=SQN|AMF|MAC1 (2)

[0049] RAND is the authentication random number; AUTN is the authentication token used when performing the authentication process; K ASME The key is used to generate the authentication key; XRES is the initially saved response value; SQN is the synchronization sequence code, used for synchronization between the network side and the terminal side of the NB-IoT base station; AMF is the authentication management field, used to determine the network type; MAC1 is the message authentication code carried by the network.

[0050] According to a system based on a second aspect of the present invention, the NB-IoT terminal has an idle state, a connected state, and a sleep state; wherein:

[0051] When the NB-IoT terminal is in an idle state, it only receives paging messages and authentication pass messages.

[0052] When the NB-IoT terminal receives the encoded first radio frequency signal, it enters the connected state from the idle state to receive and forward various radio frequency signals.

[0053] After establishing the communication link for transmitting radio frequency signals, if no radio frequency signal is received for a fixed period of time, the NB-IoT terminal enters a sleep state.

[0054] If authentication fails, the NB-IoT terminal enters a sleep state;

[0055] The timer periodically wakes up NB-IoT terminals that are in a dormant state to enter an idle state.

[0056] According to the system of the second aspect of the present invention, the accelerometer is a triaxial gravity accelerometer, and the measured tilt angle data of the 5G antenna is the projection value (g) of the gravitational acceleration experienced by the NB-IoT terminal onto the three axes x, y, z of the triaxial gravity accelerometer. X ,g Y ,g Z ),in:

[0057]

[0058] g represents the gravitational acceleration experienced by the NB-IoT terminal.

[0059] According to the system of the second aspect of the present invention, encoding each radio frequency signal (third processing unit, fifth processing unit) specifically includes converting the data to be encoded into each radio frequency signal into binary data stored in the header of the transmission data packet of each radio frequency signal.

[0060] According to the system of the second aspect of the present invention, the sixth processing unit is specifically configured such that the tilt angle of the 5G antenna is (α, β, γ), wherein:

[0061]

[0062] α is the pitch angle, representing the angle between the x-axis of the triaxial gravity acceleration sensor and the horizontal plane xy; β is the roll angle, representing the angle between the y-axis of the triaxial gravity acceleration sensor and the horizontal plane xy; and γ is the angle between the z-axis and the direction of gravity.

[0063] According to the system of the second aspect of the present invention, the sixth processing unit is further configured to call the monitoring center to monitor the 5G antenna tilt angle of each base station antenna, and execute a visual early warning program when the 5G antenna tilt angle of any base station antenna exceeds a threshold.

[0064] A third aspect of this invention discloses an electronic device. The electronic device includes a memory and a processor. The memory stores a computer program, and when the processor executes the computer program, it implements the steps of the NB-IoT-based 5G antenna tilt angle determination method described in the first aspect of this invention.

[0065] A fourth aspect of this invention discloses a computer-readable storage medium. The computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program, which, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the NB-IoT-based 5G antenna tilt angle determination method described in the first aspect of this invention.

[0066] In summary, the solution of this invention utilizes NB-IoT technology to attach the terminal (antenna tilt angle data collection end) to the base station antenna panel. When measurement is required, only a laptop or smartphone is needed, greatly reducing the preparation work for testing. The use of laptops and smartphones makes data processing more intelligent, allowing for the development of monitoring and data processing software with different functions as needed, such as visualizing the downtilt angle of the base station antenna during the measurement period. The introduction of an accelerometer enables the testing instrument to monitor small-angle displacements of the base station antenna and issue warnings, facilitating subsequent adjustments. NB-IoT can connect to a large number of terminal devices, indicating that when measuring a large number of base station antennas, data results can be obtained in one go, significantly reducing the time required for measurement. Attached Figure Description

[0067] To more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the specific embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0068] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of a 5G antenna tilt angle determination method based on NB-IoT according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0069] Figure 2 This is a structural diagram of a 5G antenna tilt angle determination system based on NB-IoT according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0070] Figure 3 This is a structural diagram of an electronic device according to an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0071] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0072] The first aspect of this invention discloses a method for determining the tilt angle of a 5G antenna based on NB-IoT. NB-IoT is a narrowband Internet of Things, comprising an NB-IoT core network and several NB-IoT base stations. Each NB-IoT base station has an NB-IoT terminal mounted on its antenna board, and the NB-IoT terminal collects data used to determine the tilt angle of the 5G antenna.

[0073] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating a method for determining the tilt angle of a 5G antenna based on NB-IoT according to an embodiment of the present invention; as follows: Figure 1 As shown, the method includes:

[0074] Step S1: When the monitoring center detects a 5G antenna tilt angle measurement requirement, it sends a request instruction to the NB-IoT core network. The request instruction includes a measurement instruction and information on the target NB-IoT base station whose 5G antenna tilt angle is to be measured. The number of target NB-IoT base stations whose 5G antenna tilt angle is to be measured is at least one.

[0075] Step S2: The NB-IoT core network sends the measurement command to the target NB-IoT base station based on the target NB-IoT base station information of the 5G antenna tilt angle to be measured.

[0076] Step S3: The target NB-IoT base station encodes the received measurement command into a first radio frequency signal and sends the encoded first radio frequency signal to the NB-IoT terminal installed on each base station antenna board of the target NB-IoT base station;

[0077] Step S4: The NB-IoT terminal uses an accelerometer to measure the 5G antenna tilt angle data based on the measurement command extracted from the encoded first radio frequency signal.

[0078] Step S5: Encode the 5G antenna tilt angle data and the terminal ID of the NB-IoT terminal in the second radio frequency signal, and send the encoded second radio frequency signal to the target NB-IoT base station, so as to return to the monitoring center via the NB-IoT core network;

[0079] Step S6: The monitoring center extracts the 5G antenna tilt angle data and the terminal ID of the NB-IoT terminal from the encoded second radio frequency signal to determine the 5G antenna tilt angle of each base station antenna.

[0080] In some embodiments, the monitoring center is used to monitor the tilt angle data of base station antennas, and has the function of collecting, analyzing, and storing the data. Generally, it can be a laptop or a smartphone, which makes the monitoring center more portable.

[0081] In some embodiments, the monitoring software at the monitoring center can be written and processed as needed using a programmable language. The NB-IoT core network is used to receive and forward data from the non-access stratum and then forward the data to the monitoring center for analysis and processing.

[0082] In some embodiments, the NB-IoT base station mainly handles air interface access and connects to the core network through the S1-lite interface; it forwards the obtained data to higher-level network elements such as the core network through the interface.

[0083] In some embodiments, the NB-IoT terminal is directly connected to the device under test. Different units are designed according to requirements, mainly including: a main chip unit for controlling the overall operating state of the NB-IoT terminal; a communication unit that, upon receiving a signal from the main chip unit, completes the communication process with other units; this unit should include a transceiver; an accelerometer unit for collecting base station antenna tilt angle data, composed of a set of angle vectors, which, after simple processing, is forwarded by the communication unit to the radio frequency unit; a radio frequency unit that transmits radio frequency signals, which should include the data measured by the accelerometer unit and the ID address of each NB-IoT terminal; a timer unit for controlling the operating state of the NB-IoT terminal; and a power supply for supplying power to the NB-IoT terminal.

[0084] In step S1, when the monitoring center detects a need to measure the tilt angle of a 5G antenna, it sends a request command to the NB-IoT core network. The request command includes a measurement command and information about the target NB-IoT base station whose tilt angle of the 5G antenna to be measured. Specifically, when there is a monitoring need, the monitoring program is started; a request command is issued according to the need and forwarded to the NB-IoT core network.

[0085] In step S2, the NB-IoT core network sends the measurement command to the target NB-IoT base station based on the target NB-IoT base station information of the 5G antenna tilt angle to be measured. Specifically, when the NB-IoT core network receives a request command, it extracts the measurement command and the target NB-IoT base station information of the 5G antenna tilt angle to be measured from the request command, and sends the measurement command to the corresponding target NB-IoT base station.

[0086] In step S3, the target NB-IoT base station encodes the received measurement command in a first radio frequency signal and sends the encoded first radio frequency signal to the NB-IoT terminals installed on each base station antenna board of the target NB-IoT base station.

[0087] In some embodiments, before the target NB-IoT base station transmits the encoded first radio frequency signal to the NB-IoT terminal in step S3, the method further includes:

[0088] The target NB-IoT base station sends an authentication request to the NB-IoT terminal. The authentication request is used to complete the identity verification and key negotiation between the target NB-IoT base station and the NB-IoT terminal.

[0089] The NB-IoT terminal performs an authentication process based on the authentication request. When the authentication is successful, it sends an authentication success message to the target NB-IoT base station, so that the target NB-IoT base station establishes a communication link with the NB-IoT terminal for transmitting radio frequency signals after receiving the authentication success message.

[0090] The authentication process is implemented using the following authentication Q-vector:

[0091] Q = RAND|AUTN|K ASME |XRES (1)

[0092] AUTN=SQN|AMF|MAC1 (2)

[0093] RAND is the authentication random number; AUTN is the authentication token used when performing the authentication process; K ASME The key is used to generate the authentication key; XRES is the initially saved response value; SQN is the synchronization sequence code, used for synchronization between the network side and the terminal side of the NB-IoT base station; AMF is the authentication management field, used to determine the network type; MAC1 is the message authentication code carried by the network.

[0094] Specifically, the NB-IoT security mechanism can include three parts: authentication, key negotiation, and security mode command integrity protection / encryption. The process of the entire communication can be executed as follows: (1) The NB-IoT terminal and the network perform authentication and key negotiation to complete the authentication of the NB-IoT terminal to the network and the network to the NB-IoT terminal; (2) The NB-IoT terminal and the network activate the integrity protection and encryption of the message through the security mode command; (3) The message is protected and encrypted.

[0095] Before the authentication process is initiated, the NB-IoT core network obtains a set of authentication vectors Q from the authentication center AuC:

[0096] Q = RAND|AUTN|K ASME |XRES (1)

[0097] AUTN=SQN|AMF|MAC1 (2)

[0098] Where RAND is the authentication random number; AUTN is the authentication token used when performing the authentication process; K ASME The key is used to generate the authentication key; XRES is the initially saved response value; SQN is the synchronization sequence code, used for synchronization between the network side and the terminal side of the NB-IoT base station; AMF is the authentication management field, used to determine the network type; MAC1 is the message authentication code carried by the network.

[0099] The NB-IoT core network initiates an authentication request and sends the authentication vector Q to the NB-IoT terminal via the NB-IoT base station. The NB-IoT terminal then begins authenticating with the NB-IoT base station: it generates MAC2 (the message authentication code generated on the NB-IoT terminal side) using K, AMF, RAND, and SQN, and compares it with MAC1 carried in the AUTN. If they match, authentication is successful. Here, K is the permanent key of the AuC. Simultaneously, if authentication is successful, it generates a response field RES using K and RAND, and then sends it back to the NB-IoT base station.

[0100] The authentication process for NB-IoT terminals by the NB-IoT base station includes: after receiving the RES value sent by the NB-IoT terminal, the NB-IoT base station compares RES with XRES in the authentication vector Q. If they are the same, the terminal is considered legitimate; otherwise, the terminal is considered illegitimate. The entire authentication process is considered successful only when both bidirectional authentication between the NB-IoT terminal and the NB-IoT base station are successful, and a further communication link is then established.

[0101] In some embodiments, the NB-IoT terminal has an idle state, a connected state, and a sleep state; wherein: when the NB-IoT terminal is in the idle state, it only receives paging messages and authentication success messages; when the NB-IoT terminal receives the encoded first radio frequency signal, it enters the connected state from the idle state to receive and forward various radio frequency signals; after establishing the communication link for transmitting radio frequency signals, if no radio frequency signal is received for a fixed period of time, the NB-IoT terminal enters the sleep state; when authentication fails, the NB-IoT terminal enters the sleep state; and a timer is used to periodically wake up the NB-IoT terminal in the sleep state to enter the idle state.

[0102] Specifically, after powering on and registering with the network, the NB-IoT terminal has three different states: idle, sleep, and connected. First, the NB-IoT terminal is in the idle state and can receive paging messages. When the NB-IoT terminal receives an authentication command from the NB-IoT base station, if authentication is successful, communication with the NB-IoT base station is established. When it receives a measurement command (i.e., the first radio frequency signal) from the NB-IoT base station, the NB-IoT terminal module is in the connected state, all functions are normal, and it can be used for data reception and forwarding, including measuring the tilt angle data of the 5G base station antenna and forwarding the data. If the NB-IoT base station terminates the forwarding of the measurement command, a timer determines if it has timed out, and the terminal enters the idle state. If authentication fails, the terminal is in the disconnected state, the NB-IoT terminal shuts down its transceiver and enters the sleep state. The NB-IoT terminal will be woken up by specifying the timer period.

[0103] Furthermore, the communication link between the paging and authentication processes is insecure, and the integrity and encryption of the link cannot be guaranteed. Therefore, after authentication, a secure mode command process is performed to encrypt the information before communication can proceed.

[0104] In step S4, the NB-IoT terminal uses an accelerometer to measure the 5G antenna tilt angle data based on the measurement command extracted from the encoded first radio frequency signal.

[0105] In some embodiments, in step S4, the accelerometer is a triaxial gravity accelerometer, and the measured 5G antenna tilt angle data is the projection value (g) of the gravitational acceleration experienced by the NB-IoT terminal onto the three axes x, y, and z of the triaxial gravity accelerometer. X ,g Y ,g Z ),in:

[0106]

[0107] g represents the gravitational acceleration experienced by the NB-IoT terminal.

[0108] In step S5, the 5G antenna tilt angle data and the terminal ID of the NB-IoT terminal are encoded in a second radio frequency signal, and the encoded second radio frequency signal is sent to the target NB-IoT base station to be returned to the monitoring center via the NB-IoT core network.

[0109] In some embodiments (for the encoding process involved in steps S3 and S5), encoding each radio frequency signal specifically includes converting the data to be encoded into each radio frequency signal into binary data stored in the header of the transmission data packet of each radio frequency signal.

[0110] Specifically, the data packets are transmitted in the following order from least significant bit to most significant bit: access code, header, and payload. The access code is a piconet identifier used for timing synchronization, offset compensation, paging, and querying. The header contains information for transmission link control and data converted into binary. The payload carries valid information about the radio frequency signals.

[0111] In step S6, the monitoring center extracts the 5G antenna tilt angle data and the terminal ID of the NB-IoT terminal from the encoded second radio frequency signal to determine the 5G antenna tilt angle of each base station antenna.

[0112] In some embodiments, in step S6, the tilt angle of the 5G antenna is (α, β, γ), where:

[0113]

[0114] α is the pitch angle, representing the angle between the x-axis of the triaxial gravity acceleration sensor and the horizontal plane xy; β is the roll angle, representing the angle between the y-axis of the triaxial gravity acceleration sensor and the horizontal plane xy; and γ is the angle between the z-axis and the direction of gravity.

[0115] In some embodiments, the monitoring center is also used to monitor the 5G antenna tilt angle of each base station antenna. When the 5G antenna tilt angle of any base station antenna exceeds a threshold, a visual early warning procedure is executed. Specifically, the early warning procedure is used to issue an alarm when the 5G antenna tilt angle exceeds the threshold, thus providing timely feedback on potential communication transmission problems.

[0116] A second aspect of this invention discloses a 5G antenna tilt angle determination system based on NB-IoT. NB-IoT is a narrowband Internet of Things, comprising an NB-IoT core network and several NB-IoT base stations. Each NB-IoT base station has an NB-IoT terminal mounted on its antenna board, and the NB-IoT terminal collects data for determining the 5G antenna tilt angle.

[0117] Figure 2 This is a structural diagram of a 5G antenna tilt angle determination system based on NB-IoT according to an embodiment of the present invention; as shown. Figure 2 As shown, the system 200 includes:

[0118] The first processing unit 201 is configured to send a request instruction to the NB-IoT core network when the monitoring center detects a 5G antenna tilt angle measurement requirement. The request instruction includes a measurement instruction and information on the target NB-IoT base station whose 5G antenna tilt angle is to be measured, wherein the number of target NB-IoT base stations whose 5G antenna tilt angle is to be measured is at least one.

[0119] The second processing unit 202 is configured to use the NB-IoT core network to send the measurement command to the target NB-IoT base station based on the target NB-IoT base station information of the 5G antenna tilt angle to be measured;

[0120] The third processing unit 203 is configured to encode the received measurement command into a first radio frequency signal using the target NB-IoT base station, and send the encoded first radio frequency signal to the NB-IoT terminal installed on each base station antenna board of the target NB-IoT base station.

[0121] The fourth processing unit 204 is configured to use the NB-IoT terminal to measure 5G antenna tilt data using an accelerometer based on the measurement command extracted from the encoded first radio frequency signal;

[0122] The fifth processing unit 205 is configured to encode the 5G antenna tilt angle data and the terminal ID of the NB-IoT terminal in a second radio frequency signal, and send the encoded second radio frequency signal to the target NB-IoT base station, so as to return to the monitoring center via the NB-IoT core network;

[0123] The sixth processing unit 206 is configured to use the monitoring center to extract the 5G antenna tilt angle data and the terminal ID of the NB-IoT terminal from the encoded second radio frequency signal in order to determine the 5G antenna tilt angle of each base station antenna.

[0124] According to a system based on a second aspect of the present invention, the third processing unit 203 is specifically configured to, before invoking the target NB-IoT base station to transmit the encoded first radio frequency signal to the NB-IoT terminal, further include:

[0125] The target NB-IoT base station is invoked to send an authentication request to the NB-IoT terminal. The authentication request is used to complete the authentication and key negotiation between the target NB-IoT base station and the NB-IoT terminal.

[0126] The NB-IoT terminal is invoked to perform the authentication process based on the authentication request. When the authentication is successful, an authentication success message is sent to the target NB-IoT base station, so that the target NB-IoT base station establishes a communication link with the NB-IoT terminal for transmitting radio frequency signals after receiving the authentication success message.

[0127] The authentication process is implemented using the following authentication Q-vector:

[0128] Q = RAND|AUTN|K ASME |XRES (1)

[0129] AUTN=SQN|AMF|MAC1 (2)

[0130] RAND is the authentication random number; AUTN is the authentication token used when performing the authentication process; K ASME The key is used to generate the authentication key; XRES is the initially saved response value; SQN is the synchronization sequence code, used for synchronization between the network side and the terminal side of the NB-IoT base station; AMF is the authentication management field, used to determine the network type; MAC1 is the message authentication code carried by the network.

[0131] According to a system based on a second aspect of the present invention, the NB-IoT terminal has an idle state, a connected state, and a sleep state; wherein:

[0132] When the NB-IoT terminal is in an idle state, it only receives paging messages and authentication pass messages.

[0133] When the NB-IoT terminal receives the encoded first radio frequency signal, it enters the connected state from the idle state to receive and forward various radio frequency signals.

[0134] After establishing the communication link for transmitting radio frequency signals, if no radio frequency signal is received for a fixed period of time, the NB-IoT terminal enters a sleep state.

[0135] If authentication fails, the NB-IoT terminal enters a sleep state;

[0136] The timer periodically wakes up NB-IoT terminals that are in a dormant state to enter an idle state.

[0137] According to the system of the second aspect of the present invention, the accelerometer is a triaxial gravity accelerometer, and the measured tilt angle data of the 5G antenna is the projection value (g) of the gravitational acceleration experienced by the NB-IoT terminal onto the three axes x, y, z of the triaxial gravity accelerometer. X ,g Y ,g Z ),in:

[0138]

[0139] g represents the gravitational acceleration experienced by the NB-IoT terminal.

[0140] According to the system of the second aspect of the present invention, encoding each radio frequency signal (third processing unit 203, fifth processing unit 205) specifically includes converting the data to be encoded into each radio frequency signal into binary data stored in the header of the transmission data packet of each radio frequency signal.

[0141] According to the system of the second aspect of the present invention, the sixth processing unit 206 is specifically configured such that the tilt angle of the 5G antenna is (α, β, γ), wherein:

[0142]

[0143] α is the pitch angle, representing the angle between the x-axis of the triaxial gravity acceleration sensor and the horizontal plane xy; β is the roll angle, representing the angle between the y-axis of the triaxial gravity acceleration sensor and the horizontal plane xy; and γ is the angle between the z-axis and the direction of gravity.

[0144] According to the system of the second aspect of the present invention, the sixth processing unit 206 is further configured to call the monitoring center to monitor the 5G antenna tilt angle of each base station antenna, and execute a visual early warning program when the 5G antenna tilt angle of any base station antenna exceeds a threshold.

[0145] A third aspect of this invention discloses an electronic device. The electronic device includes a memory and a processor. The memory stores a computer program, and when the processor executes the computer program, it implements the steps of the NB-IoT-based 5G antenna tilt angle determination method described in the first aspect of this invention.

[0146] Figure 3 This is a structural diagram of an electronic device according to an embodiment of the present invention; as shown below. Figure 3As shown, the electronic device includes a processor, memory, communication interface, display screen, and input device connected via a system bus. The processor provides computing and control capabilities. The memory includes non-volatile storage media and internal memory. The non-volatile storage media stores the operating system and computer programs. The internal memory provides an environment for the operation of the operating system and computer programs stored in the non-volatile storage media. The communication interface is used for wired or wireless communication with external terminals; wireless communication can be achieved through Wi-Fi, carrier networks, Near Field Communication (NFC), or other technologies. The display screen can be an LCD screen or an e-ink screen. The input device can be a touch layer covering the display screen, buttons, a trackball, or a touchpad mounted on the device's casing, or an external keyboard, touchpad, or mouse.

[0147] Those skilled in the art will understand that Figure 3 The structure shown is merely a structural diagram of the part related to the technical solution of this disclosure and does not constitute a limitation on the electronic device to which the solution of this application is applied. The specific electronic device may include more or fewer components than shown in the figure, or combine certain components, or have different component arrangements.

[0148] A fourth aspect of this invention discloses a computer-readable storage medium. The computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program, which, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the NB-IoT-based 5G antenna tilt angle determination method described in the first aspect of this invention.

[0149] In summary, the solution of this invention utilizes NB-IoT technology to attach the terminal (antenna tilt angle data collection end) to the base station antenna panel. When measurement is required, only a laptop or smartphone is needed, greatly reducing the preparation work for testing. The use of laptops and smartphones makes data processing more intelligent, allowing for the development of monitoring and data processing software with different functions as needed, such as visualizing the downtilt angle of the base station antenna during the measurement period. The introduction of an accelerometer enables the testing instrument to monitor small-angle displacements of the base station antenna and issue warnings, facilitating subsequent adjustments. NB-IoT can connect to a large number of terminal devices, indicating that when measuring a large number of base station antennas, data results can be obtained in one go, significantly reducing the time required for measurement.

[0150] Please note that the technical features of the above embodiments can be combined arbitrarily. For the sake of brevity, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments have been described. However, as long as the combination of these technical features does not contradict each other, it should be considered within the scope of this specification. The above embodiments only illustrate several implementation methods of this application, and their descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention patent. It should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, several modifications and improvements can be made without departing from the concept of this application, and these all fall within the protection scope of this application. Therefore, the protection scope of this patent application should be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A method for determining the tilt angle of a 5G antenna based on NB-IoT, characterized in that, NB-IoT is a narrowband Internet of Things, comprising an NB-IoT core network and several NB-IoT base stations. Each NB-IoT base station has an NB-IoT terminal mounted on its antenna board. The NB-IoT terminal collects data used to determine the tilt angle of the 5G antenna. The method includes: Step S1: When the monitoring center detects a 5G antenna tilt angle measurement requirement, it sends a request instruction to the NB-IoT core network. The request instruction includes a measurement instruction and information on the target NB-IoT base station whose 5G antenna tilt angle is to be measured. The number of target NB-IoT base stations whose 5G antenna tilt angle is to be measured is at least one. Step S2: The NB-IoT core network sends the measurement command to the target NB-IoT base station based on the target NB-IoT base station information of the 5G antenna tilt angle to be measured. Step S3: The target NB-IoT base station encodes the received measurement command into a first radio frequency signal and sends the encoded first radio frequency signal to the NB-IoT terminal installed on each base station antenna board of the target NB-IoT base station; Step S4: The NB-IoT terminal uses an accelerometer to measure the 5G antenna tilt angle data based on the measurement command extracted from the encoded first radio frequency signal. Step S5: Encode the 5G antenna tilt angle data and the terminal ID of the NB-IoT terminal in the second radio frequency signal, and send the encoded second radio frequency signal to the target NB-IoT base station, so as to return to the monitoring center via the NB-IoT core network; Step S6: The monitoring center extracts the 5G antenna tilt angle data and the terminal ID of the NB-IoT terminal from the encoded second radio frequency signal to determine the 5G antenna tilt angle of each base station antenna. In step S3, before the target NB-IoT base station transmits the encoded first radio frequency signal to the NB-IoT terminal, the method further includes: The target NB-IoT base station sends an authentication request to the NB-IoT terminal. The authentication request is used to complete the identity verification and key negotiation between the target NB-IoT base station and the NB-IoT terminal. The NB-IoT terminal performs an authentication process based on the authentication request. When the authentication is successful, it sends an authentication success message to the target NB-IoT base station, so that the target NB-IoT base station establishes a communication link with the NB-IoT terminal for transmitting radio frequency signals after receiving the authentication success message. The authentication process is implemented using the following authentication Q-vector: Q = RAND|AUTN|K ASME |XRES AUTN = SQN|AMF|MAC1 RAND is the authentication random number; AUTN is the authentication token used when performing the authentication process; K ASME This is used to generate the key needed for subsequent authentication; XRES is the initially saved response value; SQN is the synchronization sequence code, used for synchronization between the network side and the terminal side of the NB-IoT base station; AMF is the authentication management field, used to determine the network type; MAC1 is the message authentication code carried by the network. The NB-IoT terminal has an idle state, a connected state, and a sleep state; wherein: When the NB-IoT terminal is in an idle state, it only receives paging messages and authentication pass messages. When the NB-IoT terminal receives the encoded first radio frequency signal, it enters the connected state from the idle state to receive and forward various radio frequency signals. After establishing the communication link for transmitting radio frequency signals, if no radio frequency signal is received for a fixed period of time, the NB-IoT terminal enters a sleep state. If authentication fails, the NB-IoT terminal enters a sleep state; The timer periodically wakes up NB-IoT terminals that are in a dormant state to enter an idle state.

2. The method for determining the tilt angle of a 5G antenna based on NB-IoT according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S4, the accelerometer is a three-axis gravity accelerometer, and the measured 5G antenna tilt angle data is the projection value of the gravitational acceleration experienced by the NB-IoT terminal onto the three axes x, y, and z of the three-axis gravity accelerometer. , , ),in: This represents the gravitational acceleration experienced by the NB-IoT terminal.

3. The method for determining the tilt angle of a 5G antenna based on NB-IoT according to claim 2, characterized in that, Encoding each radio frequency signal specifically includes converting the data to be encoded into each radio frequency signal into binary data and storing it in the header of the transmission data packet of each radio frequency signal.

4. The method for determining the tilt angle of a 5G antenna based on NB-IoT according to claim 3, characterized in that, In step S6, the tilt angle of the 5G antenna is ,in: The pitch angle represents the angle between the x-axis of the triaxial gravity acceleration sensor and the horizontal plane (xy). The roll angle represents the angle between the y-axis of the triaxial gravity acceleration sensor and the horizontal xy plane. This represents the angle between the z-axis and the direction of gravity.

5. The method for determining the tilt angle of a 5G antenna based on NB-IoT according to claim 4, characterized in that, The monitoring center is also used to monitor the 5G antenna tilt angle of each base station antenna. When the 5G antenna tilt angle of any base station antenna exceeds the threshold, a visual early warning program is executed.

6. A 5G antenna tilt angle determination system based on NB-IoT, characterized in that, NB-IoT is a narrowband Internet of Things, comprising an NB-IoT core network and several NB-IoT base stations. Each NB-IoT base station has an NB-IoT terminal mounted on its antenna board. The NB-IoT terminal collects data used to determine the tilt angle of the 5G antenna. The system includes: The first processing unit is configured to send a request instruction to the NB-IoT core network when the monitoring center detects a 5G antenna tilt angle measurement requirement. The request instruction includes a measurement instruction and information on the target NB-IoT base station whose 5G antenna tilt angle is to be measured, wherein the number of target NB-IoT base stations whose 5G antenna tilt angle is to be measured is at least one. The second processing unit is configured to use the NB-IoT core network to send the measurement command to the target NB-IoT base station based on the target NB-IoT base station information of the 5G antenna tilt angle to be measured. The third processing unit is configured to encode the received measurement command into a first radio frequency signal using the target NB-IoT base station, and send the encoded first radio frequency signal to the NB-IoT terminal installed on each base station antenna board of the target NB-IoT base station; The fourth processing unit is configured to use the NB-IoT terminal to measure 5G antenna tilt angle data using an accelerometer based on the measurement command extracted from the encoded first radio frequency signal; The fifth processing unit is configured to encode the 5G antenna tilt angle data and the terminal ID of the NB-IoT terminal in a second radio frequency signal, and send the encoded second radio frequency signal to the target NB-IoT base station, so as to return to the monitoring center via the NB-IoT core network; The sixth processing unit is configured to use the monitoring center to extract the 5G antenna tilt angle data and the terminal ID of the NB-IoT terminal from the encoded second radio frequency signal in order to determine the 5G antenna tilt angle of each base station antenna. Before the target NB-IoT base station transmits the encoded first radio frequency signal to the NB-IoT terminal, it further includes: The target NB-IoT base station sends an authentication request to the NB-IoT terminal. The authentication request is used to complete the identity verification and key negotiation between the target NB-IoT base station and the NB-IoT terminal. The NB-IoT terminal performs an authentication process based on the authentication request. When the authentication is successful, it sends an authentication success message to the target NB-IoT base station, so that the target NB-IoT base station establishes a communication link with the NB-IoT terminal for transmitting radio frequency signals after receiving the authentication success message. The authentication process is implemented using the following authentication Q-vector: Q = RAND|AUTN|K ASME |XRES AUTN = SQN|AMF|MAC1 RAND is the authentication random number; AUTN is the authentication token used when performing the authentication process; K ASME This is used to generate the key needed for subsequent authentication; XRES is the initially saved response value; SQN is the synchronization sequence code, used for synchronization between the network side and the terminal side of the NB-IoT base station; AMF is the authentication management field, used to determine the network type; MAC1 is the message authentication code carried by the network. The NB-IoT terminal has an idle state, a connected state, and a sleep state; wherein: When the NB-IoT terminal is in an idle state, it only receives paging messages and authentication pass messages. When the NB-IoT terminal receives the encoded first radio frequency signal, it enters the connected state from the idle state to receive and forward various radio frequency signals. After establishing the communication link for transmitting radio frequency signals, if no radio frequency signal is received for a fixed period of time, the NB-IoT terminal enters a sleep state. If authentication fails, the NB-IoT terminal enters a sleep state; The timer periodically wakes up NB-IoT terminals that are in a dormant state to enter an idle state.

7. An electronic device, characterized in that, The electronic device includes a memory and a processor. The memory stores a computer program. When the processor executes the computer program, it implements the steps in the NB-IoT-based 5G antenna tilt angle determination method according to any one of claims 1 to 5.

8. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, The computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program, which, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the 5G antenna tilt angle determination method based on NB-IoT as described in any one of claims 1 to 5.

Images