A full life cycle monitoring system and method for a bridge bearing

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of whole life cycle monitoring system and method of bridge support, the system is equipped with multiple piezoelectric sensors on spherical cap lining board circumferentially symmetric, the load pressure conducted by upper support plate is detected, when bridge support is stressed, different numerical electric signals can be transmitted according to piezoelectric sensor at different quadrants, the direction of support eccentric load is judged;At the same time, the size of support eccentric load can be obtained according to the numerical value of electric signal at different quadrants calculation and analysis;By embedding wear sensor in wear-resistant slide plate, wear-resistant slide plate is worn synchronously, different monitoring levels are output according to different wear thickness, so as to monitor wear-resistant plate thickness, the use of support can be analyzed, and wear-resistant slide plate is replaced in time to avoid accident.The whole life cycle monitoring method of the application can monitor the wear condition of wear-resistant slide plate, the bearing capacity of bridge support and the eccentric load state in real time, which is conducive to understanding the health condition of bridge support in time and reducing the maintenance cost in later period.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of bridge monitoring technology, and more specifically, relates to a full life cycle monitoring system and method for bridge bearings. Background Technology

[0002] Bridge bearings are installed between the bridge superstructure and the piers. They transfer the dead and live loads of the bridge superstructure to the piers, while simultaneously adapting to the movement and relative rotation between the bridge superstructure and the piers through their own friction pairs, sliding, and rotational action. They are a crucial link connecting the upper and lower structures of the bridge, protecting the beam ends and piers. Monitoring the compressive stress of the bearings reveals their stress conditions and eccentric loading. Monitoring the wear-resistant plates provides information on the bearing's usage, overall performance, and service life.

[0003] Currently, stress monitoring of bridge bearings in rubber bearing applications relies on the deformation of the rubber to indirectly assess the stress condition. In steel bearings, sensors are typically installed on the outside of the bearing, resulting in significant discrepancies between the measured force and the actual value, low reliability, and complex and cumbersome installation, causing considerable inconvenience in use. For the most vulnerable joint in the bearing—the wear plate—actual wear analysis requires disassembling the bearing. Currently, real-time monitoring of bearing wear under operating conditions is not yet possible.

[0004] Therefore, using a full life cycle monitoring bearing in bridges to monitor the bearing's stress status, load distribution, and wear-resistant plate usage in real time is beneficial for timely understanding of the bridge bearing's health condition and reducing subsequent maintenance costs. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the problem that existing technologies cannot monitor the stress status, load distribution, and wear-resistant plate usage of bridge bearings in real time, this invention provides a bridge bearing full life cycle monitoring system to solve these problems.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides a bridge bearing full life cycle monitoring system, including a metal sliding plate and a spherical crown liner plate disposed between an upper bearing plate and a lower bearing plate; the upper surface of the spherical crown liner plate (4) has a groove, the wear-resistant sliding plate is placed in the groove and is in contact with the working surface of the metal sliding plate to realize the sliding or rotation of the bridge bearing friction pair; the working contact surface of the wear-resistant sliding plate has a second cylindrical hole, and a first cylindrical hole distributed circumferentially is opened on the groove plane; and a monitoring unit, the monitoring unit including a piezoelectric sensor and a wear sensor, wherein the wear sensor is implanted in the second cylindrical hole of the wear-resistant sliding plate, and the piezoelectric sensor is implanted in the first cylindrical hole of the spherical crown liner plate; the wear sensor collects the wear thickness value of the wear-resistant sliding plate in real time to monitor the thickness of the wear-resistant sliding plate, and the piezoelectric sensor is used to monitor the vertical bearing capacity of the bearing in real time, and collects vertical compressive stress value data and analyzes in real time whether it generates eccentric load, eccentric load direction and load distribution, so as to realize the life cycle monitoring of the bridge bearing.

[0007] Furthermore, the number of piezoelectric sensors is even, and there are four or more, symmetrically arranged on the top of the spherical cap liner.

[0008] Furthermore, the wear sensor is provided in multiple parts, with its top flush with the top of the wear-resistant sliding plate, so that the two can wear out simultaneously.

[0009] Furthermore, the wear sensor contains multiple U-shaped loops of varying lengths. When loops of different lengths are worn through, their monitoring levels change. The wear thickness is determined based on the different monitoring level signals, thus enabling real-time monitoring of the wear-resistant slide plate thickness.

[0010] Furthermore, the wear-resistant sliding plate is made of any one of the following polymer materials: polytetrafluoroethylene plate, modified ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene plate, or modified polytetrafluoroethylene plate. Its top working contact surface is bonded to the bottom working surface of the metal sliding plate to form a bridge bearing friction pair, thereby realizing the sliding or rotating function of the bridge bearing.

[0011] Furthermore, the metal sliding plate is a circular or rectangular alloy plate, and its top is fixedly connected to the top of the upper support plate by any one of the following connection methods: mechanical connection, bonding, welding, or combination connection.

[0012] Furthermore, silicone grease is applied between the metal sliding plate and the wear-resistant sliding plate for lubrication.

[0013] Furthermore, the working surface of the metal sliding plate can be a plane, a sphere, a cylinder, or other curved surface, and can be machined and surface treated as needed. The process is highly independent and the forming accuracy is high.

[0014] According to another aspect of the present invention, a method for monitoring the entire life cycle of bridge bearings is also provided, which monitors the direction and magnitude of the eccentric load on the bearings, including:

[0015] S100: k piezoelectric sensors are symmetrically arranged circumferentially on the spherical cap liner, where k is an even number. The vertical compressive stress value collected by the i-th piezoelectric sensor at time t is denoted as F. i (t), where t represents time, and t = 1 / f, where f represents the sampling frequency;

[0016] S200: Two piezoelectric sensors on the diagonal of the center of the wear-resistant sliding plate are grouped together, with serial numbers u, u = 1, 2, 3..., k / 2; the absolute value of the difference between the vertical compressive stress values ​​collected and recorded in group u is taken to obtain the diagonal pressure difference value, which is denoted as G. u (t), thus obtaining:

[0017]

[0018] Comparative analysis of G u (t), take the maximum diagonal pressure difference value max{G u (t)}, it can be seen that at time t, the direction of the eccentric load on the support is perpendicular to the diagonal formed by the u-th and k / 2+u-th piezoelectric sensors. By comparing max{G u The magnitudes of the vertical compressive stress F(t) of the u-th and k / 2+u-th piezoelectric sensors at (t)} are used to analyze the direction of the off-center load on the support and the magnitude of the off-center load.

[0019] S300: Collect and record the vertical compressive stress value F from K piezoelectric sensors. i (t) Perform first-order difference processing, and accumulate the absolute values ​​to record the cumulative value data C. i (t), i = 1, 2, 3, ..., k, where:

[0020]

[0021] S400: For C i Take the absolute value of the difference between (t) and denote it as Q. v (t), v = 1, 2, 3, ..., k / 2, we get:

[0022]

[0023] S500: Comparative Analysis Q v (t), take max{Q v (t)}, it can be seen that at time t, the direction of the eccentric load on the support is perpendicular to the diagonal formed by the u-th and k / 2+u-th piezoelectric sensors. By comparing max{Q v C corresponding to (t)}v The magnitude of the vertical compressive stress F(t) between the v-th and k / 2+v-th piezoelectric sensor groups at (t) is used to analyze the direction of the eccentric load on the support and the magnitude of the eccentric load.

[0024] S600: Comparative Analysis of max{G u (t)} and max{Q v (t)}, to ensure that the direction of the load on the support is consistent at time t, so as to avoid the monitoring data being incorrect due to the failure of a piezoelectric sensor.

[0025] Furthermore, the aforementioned method for monitoring the entire life cycle of bridge bearings includes monitoring the thickness of the wear-resistant sliding plate, comprising:

[0026] S700: The wear-resistant sliding plate thickness value collected by the j-th wear sensor at time t is denoted as H. j (t), where t represents time, and t = 1 / f, f represents the sampling frequency; data is collected for d days, and the non-metallic wear-resistant plate thickness monitoring data for each day is divided into x parts, where the nth wear-resistant plate thickness value in the mth day is represented by H. m,n The formula is given, where m = 1, 2, 3…, d, and n = 1, 2, 3…, x. For each wear-resistant sliding plate thickness value, a first-order difference is performed, and the absolute values ​​are accumulated and recorded to obtain the accumulated wear value L of the nth wear-resistant sliding plate thickness monitoring data from the jth wear sensor on the mth day. j,m,n ,

[0027]

[0028] Where, N m,n H represents the total number of data points in the nth abrasion-resistant skateboard thickness monitoring data on day m. m,n,p H represents the p-th value in the n-th abrasion-resistant skateboard thickness monitoring data on day m. m,n,p+1 This represents the (p+1)th value in the nth abrasion-resistant skateboard thickness monitoring data on day m;

[0029] S800: The cumulative value L for all wear sensors monitoring the wear data of the wear-resistant sliding plate. j,m,n The average value is calculated to obtain the wear condition of the wear-resistant skateboard, and the thickness of the wear-resistant skateboard and the condition of the support are analyzed.

[0030] In summary, compared with the prior art, the above-described technical solutions conceived by this invention can achieve the following beneficial effects:

[0031] 1. This invention discloses a full life-cycle monitoring system for bridge bearings. Multiple piezoelectric sensors are symmetrically arranged circumferentially on a spherical cap liner to detect the bearing pressure transmitted by the upper bearing plate 1. When the bridge bearing is subjected to eccentric loading, the direction of the eccentric load can be determined by the different electrical signals transmitted by the piezoelectric sensors in different quadrants. Simultaneously, the magnitude of the eccentric load can be calculated and analyzed based on the electrical signal values ​​in different quadrants, thereby monitoring the bridge's operational status. By embedding a wear sensor within a wear-resistant sliding plate, the system wears synchronously with the plate, outputting different monitoring levels based on different wear thicknesses. This monitors the thickness of the wear-resistant plate, allowing analysis of the bearing's usage and timely replacement of the wear-resistant sliding plate to prevent accidents. This full life-cycle monitoring method allows for real-time monitoring of the wear condition of the wear-resistant sliding plate, as well as the bearing capacity and eccentric loading status of the bridge bearing, facilitating timely understanding of the bridge bearing's health status and reducing subsequent maintenance costs.

[0032] 2. The bridge bearing full life cycle monitoring system of the present invention has a simple structure, quick installation, high force measurement accuracy, long working life and light weight.

[0033] 3. The full life cycle monitoring system for bridge bearings of the present invention has higher force measurement accuracy compared with the use of external force measuring devices, can be set according to actual requirements, has strong design flexibility, and is conducive to serialized design and manufacturing.

[0034] 4. A full life cycle monitoring system for bridge bearings according to the present invention, wherein the monitoring level values ​​of the piezoelectric sensor and the wear sensor can be uploaded to the remote monitoring module through the signal transmitting and receiving module to realize remote monitoring of the bridge bearings. Attached Figure Description

[0035] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a full life cycle monitoring system for bridge bearings according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the installation position structure of the piezoelectric sensor in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the piezoelectric sensors arranged circumferentially on the top of the spherical cap liner in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 4 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the bridge support in the transverse direction in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0039] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the installation position structure of the wear sensor in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of a wear sensor being deployed on a wear-resistant sliding plate in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0041] In all the accompanying drawings, the same reference numerals denote the same technical features, specifically: 1-upper support plate, 2-metal sliding plate, 3-wear-resistant sliding plate, 4-spherical crown liner, 5-lower support plate, 6-piezoelectric sensor, 7-wear sensor. Detailed Implementation

[0042] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the invention. Furthermore, the technical features involved in the various embodiments of this invention described below can be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.

[0043] like Figure 1-6 As shown, this invention discloses a full life-cycle monitoring system for bridge bearings. Multiple piezoelectric sensors 6 are circumferentially symmetrically arranged on the spherical cap liner 4 to detect the bearing pressure transmitted by the upper bearing plate 1. When the bridge bearing is subjected to eccentric loading, the piezoelectric sensors 6 at different quadrants transmit different electrical signals, allowing the determination of the eccentric loading direction. Simultaneously, by calculating and analyzing the electrical signal values ​​at different quadrants, the magnitude of the eccentric load can be determined, thus monitoring the bridge's operational status. A wear sensor 7 is embedded within the wear-resistant sliding plate 3, wearing synchronously with it. Different monitoring levels are output based on different wear thicknesses, thereby monitoring the wear plate thickness and analyzing the bearing's usage condition. Timely replacement of the wear-resistant sliding plate 3 can prevent accidents. This full life-cycle monitoring method of the invention can monitor the wear of the wear-resistant sliding plate 3 in real time, as well as the bearing capacity and eccentric loading status of the bridge bearing, facilitating timely understanding of the bridge bearing's health status and reducing subsequent maintenance costs.

[0044] like Figure 1 As shown, the full life cycle monitoring system of the present invention includes an upper support plate 1, a metal sliding plate 2, a wear-resistant sliding plate 3, a spherical crown liner 4, and a lower support plate 5 arranged in sequence.

[0045] The upper support plate 1 is a circular, rectangular or other shaped steel plate with a certain thickness and a certain pressure bearing capacity. It is fixed to the beam by anchor bolt assembly.

[0046] The metal sliding plate 2 is a circular, rectangular, or other shaped alloy plate with a certain thickness, made of stainless steel or other alloy metal materials. Its top is fixedly connected to the top of the upper support plate 1 via mechanical connection, bonding, welding, or combination connection. Its bottom serves as the working surface, which can be a plane, sphere, cylinder, or other curved surface. It can be machined and surface-treated as needed, offering strong process independence and high forming precision. Preferably, the working surface can be precision-machined into a mirror layer to reduce its coefficient of friction.

[0047] The wear-resistant sliding plate 3 is made of polymer materials, such as polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), modified ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE), or modified PTFE. Its top working contact surface is bonded to the bottom working surface of the metal sliding plate 2 to form a bridge bearing friction pair, realizing the sliding or rotating function of the bridge bearing. Preferably, silicone grease can be applied between the two for lubrication according to the actual needs of the bridge.

[0048] The top of the spherical crown liner 4 is provided with a groove, which can be used to embed the wear-resistant sliding plate 3. The eccentric load is transmitted through the sliding friction of the wear-resistant sliding plate 3 to realize its rotation and translation functions.

[0049] The lower support plate 5 is fixed to the pier by anchor bolts. Its top is provided with a spherical groove that matches the spherical crown liner plate 4, so that the bottom of the spherical crown liner plate 4 can rotate in the spherical groove, thereby realizing the cornering function of the spherical crown liner plate 4.

[0050] like Figure 2-3 As shown, to monitor the eccentric load on the support, multiple first cylindrical holes are circumferentially arranged in the groove at the top of the spherical cap liner 4, below the wear-resistant sliding plate 3. Piezoelectric sensors 6 are fixedly installed in the first cylindrical holes. The piezoelectric sensors 6 abut against the bottom of the wear-resistant sliding plate 3, and can monitor the magnitude of the eccentric load transmitted on the wear-resistant sliding plate 3, converting different magnitudes of eccentric load into corresponding monitoring potential signals. The number of piezoelectric sensors 6 is even, with four or more, symmetrically arranged on the top of the spherical cap liner 4.

[0051] like Figure 4-6 As shown, to monitor the wear thickness of the wear-resistant sliding plate 3, a second cylindrical hole is opened on the working contact surface of the wear-resistant sliding plate 3, into which a wear sensor 7 is embedded. Multiple wear sensors 7 are provided, with their tops flush with the top of the wear-resistant sliding plate 3. They generate wear when sliding friction occurs between the top of the wear-resistant sliding plate 3 and the metal sliding plate 2. By maintaining the same wear thickness as the wear-resistant sliding plate 3, they monitor the thickness of the wear-resistant sliding plate 3 and analyze the usage condition of the support. Each wear sensor 7 contains multiple U-shaped loops of varying lengths. When a loop is worn through, its monitoring level changes. The wear thickness can be determined based on the different monitoring level signals, achieving real-time monitoring of the thickness of the wear-resistant sliding plate 3.

[0052] In this embodiment of the invention, the monitoring level values ​​of the piezoelectric sensor 6 and the wear sensor 7 can be uploaded to the remote monitoring module through the signal receiving module to realize remote monitoring of the bridge support.

[0053] The present invention provides a full life cycle monitoring system for bridge bearings, which has a simple structure, quick installation, high force measurement accuracy, long service life, and light weight.

[0054] The present invention provides a full life cycle monitoring system for bridge bearings, which has higher force measurement accuracy compared with the use of external force measuring devices, can be set according to actual requirements, has strong design flexibility, and is conducive to serialized design and manufacturing.

[0055] This invention also discloses a method for monitoring the entire life cycle of bridge bearings, which monitors the direction and magnitude of eccentric load on the bearings, and includes the following steps:

[0056] S100: k piezoelectric sensors 6 are symmetrically arranged circumferentially on the spherical cap liner 4, where k is an even number. The vertical compressive stress value collected by the i-th piezoelectric sensor 6 at time t is denoted as F. i (t), where t represents time, and t = 1 / f, where f represents the sampling frequency;

[0057] S200: The two piezoelectric sensors 6 on the diagonal of the center of the wear-resistant sliding plate 3 are grouped together, with serial numbers u, u = 1, 2, 3..., k / 2; the absolute value of the difference between the vertical compressive stress values ​​collected and recorded in the u-th group is taken to obtain the diagonal pressure difference value, which is recorded as G. u (t), thus obtaining:

[0058]

[0059] Comparative analysis of G u (t), take the maximum diagonal pressure difference value max{G u (t)}, it can be seen that at time t, the direction of the eccentric load on the support is perpendicular to the diagonal formed by the u-th and k / 2+u-th piezoelectric sensors 6. By comparing max{G u The magnitudes of the vertical compressive stress F(t) of the u-th and k / 2+u-th piezoelectric sensors 6 at (t)} are used to analyze the direction of the eccentric load on the support and the magnitude of the eccentric load.

[0060] S300: K piezoelectric sensors 6 collect and record the vertical compressive stress value F. i (t) Perform first-order difference processing, and accumulate the absolute values ​​to record the cumulative value data C. i (t), i = 1, 2, 3, ..., k;

[0061]

[0062] S400: For C i Take the absolute value of the difference between (t) and denote it as Q. v (t), v = 1, 2, 3, ..., k / 2, we get:

[0063]

[0064] S500: Comparative Analysis Q v (t), take max{Q v (t)}, it can be seen that at time t, the direction of the eccentric load on the support is perpendicular to the diagonal formed by the u-th and k / 2+u-th piezoelectric sensors 6. By comparing max{Q v C corresponding to (t)} v The magnitude of the vertical compressive stress F(t) of the six groups of piezoelectric sensors between the vth and k / 2+vth piezoelectric sensors at (t) is used to analyze the direction of the eccentric load on the support and the magnitude of the eccentric load.

[0065] S600: Comparative Analysis of max{G u (t)} and max{Q v (t)}, to ensure that the direction of the load on the support is consistent at time t, so as to avoid the monitoring data being incorrect due to the failure of one of the piezoelectric sensors 6.

[0066] To achieve the purpose of monitoring the thickness of the wear-resistant sliding plate 3 and analyzing the service life of the bearing, this embodiment of the invention also provides a method for monitoring the entire life cycle of a bridge bearing, which monitors the thickness of the wear-resistant sliding plate 3, including the following steps:

[0067] S700: The thickness value of the wear-resistant sliding plate 3 collected by the j-th wear sensor 7 at time t is denoted as H. j (t), where t represents time, and t = 1 / f, f represents the sampling frequency; data is collected for d days, and the non-metallic wear-resistant plate thickness monitoring data for each day is divided into x parts, where the nth part of the non-metallic wear-resistant plate thickness value on the mth day is represented by H. m,n The formula is given, where m = 1, 2, 3…, d, and n = 1, 2, 3…, x. For each non-metallic wear-resistant plate thickness value, a first-order difference is performed, and the absolute values ​​are accumulated and recorded to obtain the accumulated wear value L of the nth wear-resistant plate thickness monitoring data in the mth day of the jth wear sensor. j,m,n ,

[0068]

[0069] In equation (4), N m,n H represents the total number of data points in the nth set of wear-resistant skateboard thickness monitoring data on day m. m,n,p H represents the p-th value in the n-th abrasion-resistant skateboard thickness monitoring data on day m.m,n,p+1 This represents the (p+1)th value in the nth set of wear-resistant skateboard thickness monitoring data on day m;

[0070] S800: The cumulative value L for monitoring wear data of the wear-resistant sliding plate 3 by all wear sensors 6. j,m,n The average value is calculated to obtain the wear condition of the wear-resistant skateboard 3, and the thickness of the wear-resistant skateboard 3 and the usage of the support are analyzed.

[0071] Those skilled in the art will readily understand that the above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for monitoring the entire life cycle of bridge bearings, implemented through a bridge bearing full life cycle monitoring system, the system comprising: A metal sliding plate (2) and a spherical crown liner (4) are provided between the upper support plate (1) and the lower support plate (5); the upper surface of the spherical crown liner (4) has a groove, the wear-resistant sliding plate (3) is placed in the groove and is in contact with the working surface of the metal sliding plate (2) to realize the sliding or rotation of the bridge support friction pair; the working contact surface of the wear-resistant sliding plate (3) has a second cylindrical hole, and a first cylindrical hole distributed in a circle is opened on the plane of the groove; The monitoring unit includes a piezoelectric sensor (6) and a wear sensor (7). The wear sensor (7) is inserted into the second cylindrical hole of the wear-resistant sliding plate (3), and the piezoelectric sensor (6) is inserted into the first cylindrical hole of the spherical crown liner (4). The piezoelectric sensor (6) abuts against the bottom of the wear-resistant sliding plate (3), monitors the magnitude of the off-center load transmitted on the wear-resistant sliding plate (3), and converts different magnitudes of off-center load into corresponding monitoring potential signals. Its features include the following steps: S100: k piezoelectric sensors (6) are symmetrically arranged around the spherical cap liner (4), where k is an even number. The vertical compressive stress value collected by the i-th piezoelectric sensor (6) at time t is denoted as S100. t represents time, and t = 1 / f, where f represents the sampling frequency; S200: The two piezoelectric sensors (6) on the diagonal at the center of the wear-resistant sliding plate (6) are grouped together, with their serial numbers being u, u=1, 2, 3…, k / 2; the absolute value of the difference between the vertical compressive stress values ​​collected and recorded in the u-th group is taken to obtain the diagonal pressure difference value, which is recorded as... Thus we get: Comparative analysis Take the maximum diagonal pressure difference value It can be seen that at time t, the direction of the eccentric load on the support is perpendicular to the diagonal formed by the u-th and k / 2+u-th piezoelectric sensors (6). By comparison Vertical compressive stress values ​​of the u-th and k / 2+u-th piezoelectric sensors (6) at location u The magnitude of the load is used to analyze the direction of the eccentric load on the support and the magnitude of the eccentric load. S300: Collect and record the vertical compressive stress value using K piezoelectric sensors (6). Perform first-order difference processing, and accumulate the absolute values ​​to record the cumulative value data. ; S400: Yes Take the absolute value of the difference and denot it as... Given v = 1, 2, 3, ..., k / 2, we get: S500: Comparative Analysis ,Pick It can be seen that at time t, the direction of the eccentric load on the support is perpendicular to the diagonal formed by the u-th and k / 2+u-th piezoelectric sensors (6). By comparison Corresponding Vertical compressive stress values ​​of the piezoelectric sensor group (6) between the v-th and k / 2+v-th positions. The magnitude of the load is used to analyze the direction of the eccentric load on the support and the magnitude of the eccentric load. S600: Comparative Analysis and To ensure that the direction of the load on the support is consistent at time t, and to avoid errors in the monitoring data caused by the failure of a piezoelectric sensor (6).

2. The method for monitoring the entire life cycle of bridge bearings according to claim 1, characterized in that, The number of piezoelectric sensors (6) is even, and there are four or more, which are symmetrically arranged on the top of the spherical cap liner (4).

3. The method for monitoring the entire life cycle of bridge bearings according to claim 1, characterized in that, The wear sensor (7) is provided in multiple units, and its top is flush with the top of the wear-resistant sliding plate (3), so that the two can wear out simultaneously.

4. The method for monitoring the entire life cycle of bridge bearings according to claim 3, characterized in that, The wear sensor (7) is equipped with multiple U-shaped loops of different lengths. When the loops of different lengths are worn out, their monitoring level changes. The wear thickness is determined based on the different monitoring level signals, thereby realizing real-time monitoring of the thickness of the wear-resistant slide plate (3).

5. A method for monitoring the entire life cycle of bridge bearings according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, The wear-resistant sliding plate (3) is made of any one of the following polymer materials: polytetrafluoroethylene plate, modified ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene plate, or modified polytetrafluoroethylene plate. Its top working surface is bonded to the bottom working surface of the metal sliding plate (2) to form a bridge bearing friction pair, thereby realizing the sliding or rotating function of the bridge bearing.

6. A method for monitoring the entire life cycle of bridge bearings according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, The metal slide plate (2) is a circular or rectangular alloy plate, and its top is fixedly connected to the top of the upper support plate (1) by any one of the following connection methods: mechanical connection, bonding, welding or combination connection.

7. A method for monitoring the entire life cycle of bridge bearings according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, Silicone grease is applied between the metal slide plate (2) and the wear-resistant slide plate (3) for lubrication.

8. A method for monitoring the entire life cycle of bridge bearings according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, The working surface of the metal slide plate (2) can be a plane, sphere, cylinder or other curved surface. It can be machined and surface treated as needed. The process is highly independent and the forming accuracy is high.

9. A method for monitoring the entire life cycle of bridge bearings according to claim 1, wherein the thickness of the wear-resistant sliding plate (3) is monitored, characterized in that, include: S700: The thickness value of the wear-resistant sliding plate (3) collected by the j-th wear sensor (7) at time t is denoted as... t represents time, and t=1 / f, f represents the sampling frequency; d days are collected, and the non-metallic wear-resistant plate thickness monitoring data for each day are divided into x parts, where the nth part of the wear-resistant plate thickness value on the mth day is used as the thickness value of the nth part of the wear-resistant plate (3). The expression is given by m = 1, 2, 3…, d, n = 1, 2, 3…, x. For each wear-resistant sliding plate (3) thickness value, a first-order difference is performed, and the absolute values ​​are accumulated and recorded to obtain the accumulated wear value of the nth wear-resistant sliding plate (3) thickness monitoring data in the mth day of the jth wear sensor (7). , in, This represents the total number of data points in the nth thickness monitoring data of the wear-resistant skateboard (3) on day m. This represents the p-th value in the n-th thickness monitoring data of the wear-resistant skateboard (3) on day m. This represents the (p+1)th value in the thickness monitoring data of the nth wear-resistant skateboard (3) on the mth day; S800: The cumulative value of wear data of the wear-resistant sliding plate (3) monitored by all wear sensors (7). The average value is calculated to obtain the wear condition of the wear-resistant skateboard (3), and the thickness of the wear-resistant skateboard (3) and the usage of the support are analyzed.

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