A magnetron

Abstract

The application provides a magnetron, which comprises: an anode resonant tube and a plurality of anode resonant cavities formed in the anode resonant tube; the sidewall of the anode resonant tube comprises an output structure; the output structure comprises a first coupling slot and a second coupling slot which penetrate the wall of the anode resonant tube and are respectively communicated with two anode resonant cavities; and the first coupling slot and the second coupling slot are separated by an odd number of anode resonant cavities. The first coupling slot and the second coupling slot are separated by an odd number of anode resonant cavities, so that the coupling of microwave power can be realized, and the radio frequency is coherent in phase. The first coupling slot and the second coupling slot respectively perform energy coupling, so that the high-frequency field intensity at the coupling gap of the magnetron is obviously reduced, the probability of high-frequency breakdown of the magnetron is reduced, the leakage of microwave is small, the heat consumption is low, and the magnetron works more stably.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of vacuum electronics technology. More specifically, it relates to a magnetron. Background Technology

[0002] Microwave weapons have a wide range of applications. They can interfere with or damage drone components, causing drones to crash or become uncontrollable. Microwave weapons can also interfere with engine ignition circuits, causing engines to stop and forcing vehicles or ships to halt. If microwave weapons are used on humans, they can heat the skin, causing burns, pain, or fear. The widespread use of microwave weapons has driven the rapid development of high-power microwave devices (especially magnetrons). A magnetron is a re-entrant resonant quadrature field oscillator, a high-pulse power source in vacuum devices. Its main characteristics are high pulse power, high efficiency, low voltage, and compact structure, resulting in small size, light weight, reliable operation, ease of use, and low cost. Currently, magnetrons are not only used in military equipment such as radar, navigation equipment, and beacon transmitters, but also widely applied in civilian fields such as industrial heating and medical care.

[0003] High-power magnetrons, due to their extremely high pulse power, generate microwave energy that can damage or interfere with equipment. However, the internal field strength and power of high-power magnetrons are relatively high, especially at the anode resonant system and coupling gap, where high-frequency breakdown is prone to occur, and problems such as energy leakage and excessive heat dissipation may also occur. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the above-mentioned problems, the present invention provides a magnetron to solve at least one of the aforementioned technical problems.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0006] This invention provides a magnetron, comprising: an anode resonant tube and a plurality of anode resonant cavities formed within the anode resonant tube;

[0007] The sidewall of the anode resonant tube includes an output structure;

[0008] The output structure includes a first coupling gap and a second coupling gap that penetrate the wall of the anode resonator tube and are respectively connected to two anode resonator cavities; an odd number of anode resonator cavities are spaced between the first coupling gap and the second coupling gap.

[0009] Furthermore, in a preferred embodiment, the output structure further includes a waveguide structure communicating with the first coupling slot and the second coupling slot.

[0010] Furthermore, in a preferred embodiment, the waveguide structure comprises:

[0011] The first transform waveguide segment connected to the first coupling gap;

[0012] The second transform waveguide segment connected to the second coupling slot; and

[0013] The output section is used to connect with the end of the first and second transform waveguide sections that is furthest from the anode resonant cavity.

[0014] Furthermore, in a preferred embodiment, several anode resonant cavities are formed by anode blade structures; the anode blade structures include a central cross-section.

[0015] The first coupling gap and the second coupling gap are arranged on both sides of the central cross-section along the axial direction of the anode resonant tube.

[0016] Furthermore, in a preferred embodiment, the first coupling gap and the second coupling gap are arranged in a staggered manner relative to the central cross-section in the axial direction of the anode resonator tube.

[0017] Furthermore, in a preferred embodiment, the length of the first coupling gap in its extension direction is equal to the length of the second coupling gap in its extension direction;

[0018] The width of the first coupling gap is equal to the width of the second coupling gap.

[0019] Furthermore, in a preferred embodiment, the first coupling gap and the second coupling gap include overlapping portions in the radial direction of the anode resonator tube;

[0020] The ratio of the length of the overlapping portion to the length of the first coupling gap in the axial direction of the anode resonator is the first gap overlap coefficient, which is 0.2 to 0.4.

[0021] The ratio of the length of the overlapping portion to the length of the second coupling gap in the axial direction of the anode resonator is the second gap overlap coefficient, which is between 0.2 and 0.4.

[0022] Furthermore, in a preferred embodiment, the length of the first coupling gap in its extension direction is 0.5λ to 0.7λ;

[0023] The length of the second coupling gap in its extension direction is 0.5λ to 0.7λ;

[0024] The width of the first coupling gap is 0.03λ to 0.08λ;

[0025] The width of the second coupling gap is 0.03λ to 0.08λ.

[0026] Where λ represents the wavelength of the output microwave.

[0027] Furthermore, in a preferred embodiment, the anode resonant cavity is spaced between the first coupling gap and the second coupling gap.

[0028] Furthermore, in a preferred embodiment, the width of the first transform waveguide segment is not less than the width of the first coupling slot, and the length of the first transform waveguide segment in the axial direction of the anode resonator is not less than the length of the first coupling slot in its extension direction.

[0029] The width of the second transform waveguide segment is not less than the width of the second coupling slot, and the length of the second transform waveguide segment in the axial direction of the anode resonator is not less than the length of the second coupling slot in its extension direction.

[0030] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0031] The magnetron provided by this invention outputs microwaves generated in the anode resonator through a first coupling slot and a second coupling slot. Compared with a single coupling slot, the first and second coupling slots reduce the field strength in the slots when outputting microwaves, thus lowering the probability of high-frequency breakdown. An odd number of anode resonator cavities are spaced between the first and second coupling slots, enabling microwave power coupling and ensuring coherent RF frequency phase. This invention uses the first and second coupling slots for energy coupling, significantly reducing the high-frequency field strength at the magnetron coupling slots, lowering the probability of high-frequency breakdown, reducing microwave leakage and heat dissipation, and making the magnetron more stable in operation. Attached Figure Description

[0032] The specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0033] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the overall structure of a magnetron provided in one embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0034] Figure 2 A radial cross-sectional view of a magnetron provided in one embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0035] Figure 3 The diagram shows a cross-sectional view of the output structure of a magnetron provided in an embodiment of the present invention, taken along the axial direction of the magnetron.

[0036] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the overall structure of a magnetron in the prior art is shown.

[0037] Figure 5 The diagram shows the high-frequency field strength voltage of the first coupling slot and the second coupling slot of the magnetron output structure provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0038] Figure 6The diagram shows the high-frequency field strength voltage of the coupling gap in a magnetron output structure provided using existing technology. Detailed Implementation

[0039] Various exemplary embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be noted that, unless otherwise specifically stated, the relative arrangement, numerical expressions, and values ​​of the components and steps set forth in these embodiments do not limit the scope of the invention.

[0040] The following description of at least one exemplary embodiment is merely illustrative and is in no way intended to limit the invention or its application or use.

[0041] Technologies and equipment known to those skilled in the art may not be discussed in detail, but where appropriate, such technologies and equipment should be considered part of the specification.

[0042] In all the examples shown and discussed herein, any specific values ​​should be interpreted as merely exemplary and not as limitations. Therefore, other examples of exemplary embodiments may have different values.

[0043] It should be noted that similar labels and letters in the following figures indicate similar items; therefore, once an item is defined in one figure, it does not need to be discussed further in subsequent figures.

[0044] To address the problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides a magnetron, such as... Figures 1 to 3 As shown, it includes: an anode resonant tube and a plurality of anode resonant cavities 1 formed within the anode resonant tube; an anode blade structure 2 formed within the anode resonant tube; an interaction space 3 formed by the anode blade structure 2 and the plurality of anode resonant cavities 1; the plurality of anode resonant cavities 1 are connected to the interaction space 3 and are uniformly arranged around the interaction space 3 in a circumferential direction, where electrons and high-frequency fields interact and oscillate stably; the sidewall of the anode resonant tube includes an output structure 4; microwaves generated in the anode resonant cavities 1 are transmitted to the outside through the output structure 4; the output structure 4 includes a first coupling gap 41 and a second coupling gap 42 that penetrate the tube wall of the anode resonant tube and are respectively connected to two anode resonant cavities 1; an odd number of anode resonant cavities 1 are spaced between the first coupling gap 41 and the second coupling gap 42.

[0045] In the above embodiments of this application, microwaves formed in the anode resonator are output through the first coupling gap 41 and the second coupling gap 42. Compared with a single coupling gap, the field strength in the gap is reduced when microwaves are output through the first coupling gap 41 and the second coupling gap 42, thus reducing the probability of high-frequency breakdown. An odd number of anode resonator cavities 1 are spaced between the first coupling gap 41 and the second coupling gap 42, which enables microwave power coupling and coherent RF frequency phase. In this invention, the first coupling gap 41 and the second coupling gap 42 perform energy coupling respectively, which significantly reduces the high-frequency field strength at the coupling gap of the magnetron, reduces the probability of high-frequency breakdown of the magnetron, reduces microwave leakage and heat dissipation, and makes the magnetron work more stably.

[0046] In one specific embodiment, the output structure 4 further includes a waveguide structure communicating with the first coupling gap 41 and the second coupling gap 42. Microwaves are output from the first coupling gap 41 and the second coupling gap 42 and then enter the waveguide structure, through which they are output to an external load. The waveguide structure is formed by extending outward from the sidewall of the anode resonator. The anode resonator and the waveguide structure are integrally formed, simplifying fabrication and avoiding the need for connecting two separate devices.

[0047] In a specific example, the waveguide structure includes: a first transform waveguide section 51 connected to the first coupling slot 41; a second transform waveguide section 52 connected to the second coupling slot 42; and an output section 53 connected to the ends of the first transform waveguide section 51 and the second transform waveguide section 52 away from the anode resonant cavity 1. Specifically, the output section 53 is connected to the end of the first transform waveguide section 51 away from the anode resonant cavity 1 and to the end of the second transform waveguide section 52 away from the anode resonant cavity 1. The output section 53 is a standard waveguide, which can be a standard rectangular waveguide conforming to national standard GB11450, other waveguides in national standard GB11450, or waveguides of other self-made dimensions. Microwaves are coupled to the first transform waveguide section 51 and the second transform waveguide section 52 through the first coupling slot 41 and the second coupling slot 42 respectively, and then output from the first transform waveguide section 51 and the second transform waveguide section 52 to the output section 53, where they are fed out through an antenna or applied to other external loads. The arrangement of the first transforming waveguide section 51 and the second transforming waveguide section 52 makes the process of microwave output from the first coupling slot 41 and the second coupling slot 42 to the external load smoother and more stable. Of course, if practically permissible, the first transforming waveguide section 51 and the second transforming waveguide section 52 may be omitted, or the output section 53 may be omitted.

[0048] In a specific example, the extension directions of the first coupling slot 41 and the second coupling slot 42 are in the same direction as the axial direction of the anode resonator. The first coupling slot 41, the second coupling slot 42, the first transform waveguide section 51, and the output section 53 can all be rectangular. Rectangular waveguides have low loss, low reflection, and wide bandwidth. Of course, rounded chamfers can also be added to the rectangular shape. The width of the first transform waveguide section 51 is not less than the width of the first coupling slot 41, and the length of the first transform waveguide section 51 in the axial direction of the anode resonator is not less than the length of the first coupling slot 41 in its extension direction. The width of the second transform waveguide section 52 is not less than the width of the second coupling slot 42, and the length of the second transform waveguide section 52 in the axial direction of the anode resonator is not less than the length of the second coupling slot 42 in its extension direction. This ensures that the first coupling slot 41 and the second coupling slot 42 can communicate with the anode resonator with the maximum area, thereby achieving effective microwave transmission. Here, the width of the first transform waveguide section 51 refers to... Figure 2 As shown in Figure S1, the width of the second transformed waveguide segment 52 refers to... Figure 2 As shown in S2, the width of the first coupling gap 41 refers to the length of the opening of the first coupling gap 41 on the wall of the anode resonator tube, i.e., as... Figure 2 As shown in S3, the width of the second coupling gap 42 refers to the length of the opening of the second coupling gap 42 on the wall of the anode resonator tube, i.e., as... Figure 2 S4 is shown.

[0049] In a specific example, such as Figure 2 As shown, an anode resonant cavity 1 is spaced between the first coupling gap 41 and the second coupling gap 42. This achieves microwave power coupling, coherent radio frequency phase, and a smaller waveguide structure with simpler manufacturing and easier use.

[0050] In one specific embodiment, a plurality of anode resonant cavities 1 are formed by anode blade structures 2; the anode blade structure 2 includes a central cross-section 6; the first coupling gap 41 and the second coupling gap 42 are arranged axially along the anode resonant tube on both sides of the central cross-section 6. Specifically, the first coupling gap 41 and the second coupling gap 42 are offset relative to the central cross-section 6 in the axial direction of the anode resonant tube; the first coupling gap 41 includes a first extension structure extending from one side of the central cross-section 6 to the other side, that is, the first coupling gap 41 includes a first structural portion 411 located on one side of the central cross-section 6 and a second structural portion 412 extending to the other side of the central cross-section 6. The second coupling gap 42 includes a second extension structure extending from one side of the central cross-section 6 to the other side. That is, the second coupling gap 42 includes a third structural portion 421 located on one side of the central cross-section 6 and a fourth structural portion 422 extending to the other side of the central cross-section 6. This design results in a large axial coupling current, high microwave power, and high operating efficiency for the first coupling gap 41 and the second coupling gap 42.

[0051] In one specific example, the length of the first coupling slot 41 in its extension direction is equal to the length of the second coupling slot 42 in its extension direction; the width of the first coupling slot 41 is equal to the width of the second coupling slot 42. Thus, the microwave power and radio frequency output by the first coupling slot 41 and the second coupling slot 42 are the same, and the radio frequency phases are consistent.

[0052] In one specific embodiment, in the radial direction of the anode resonator, the first coupling gap 41 and the second coupling gap 42 include overlapping portions; the ratio of the length of the overlapping portion to the length of the first coupling gap 41 in the axial direction of the anode resonator is a first gap overlap coefficient, which is 0.2 to 0.4; the ratio of the length of the overlapping portion to the length of the second coupling gap 42 in the axial direction of the anode resonator is a second gap overlap coefficient, which is 0.2 to 0.4. When the overlap coefficients of the first and second gaps are both equal to 0, that is, the first coupling gap 41 and the second coupling gap 42 are completely staggered, the coupling efficiency is the highest, but the impact on the uniformity of the field distribution inside the magnetron is the greatest, which is not conducive to the stable operation of the magnetron. When the overlap coefficients of the first and second gaps are equal to 1, that is, the axial positions of the first coupling gap 41 and the second coupling gap 42 are exactly the same, this distribution has the least impact on the field inside the magnetron and is conducive to stable operation, but the coupling efficiency is low, which is not conducive to high power generation. When the gap charging coefficient is between 0.2 and 0.4, the effect is the best, the coupling efficiency is high, and the impact on the uniformity of the internal field is not significant, and the magnetron can operate stably.

[0053] In practical applications, the dimensions of the first coupling slot 41 and the second coupling slot 42 are key dimensions affecting the output microwave power and the RF frequency coupling degree. If the dimensions of the first coupling slot 41 and the second coupling slot 42 are too small, the coupling degree is small, resulting in low output power. If the dimensions of the first coupling slot 41 and the second coupling slot 42 are too large, the coupling degree is large, which easily leads to difficulties in interaction oscillation, that is, the process of electrons and high-frequency fields interacting in the interaction space 3 to form stable oscillation is slow and the stability is reduced. Specifically, the length of the first coupling slot 41 in its extension direction is 0.5λ to 0.7λ; the length of the second coupling slot 42 in its extension direction is 0.5λ to 0.7λ; the width of the first coupling slot 41 is 0.03λ to 0.08λ; and the width of the second coupling slot 42 is 0.03λ to 0.08λ; where λ represents the wavelength of the output microwave.

[0054] In one specific embodiment, when an anode resonant cavity 1 is spaced between the first coupling slot 41 and the second coupling slot 42, and the length of the first coupling slot 41 in its extending direction is equal to the length of the second coupling slot 42 in its extending direction, and the width of the first coupling slot 41 is equal to the width of the second coupling slot 42, simulation calculations are performed using CST software when the output power is 10MW. Figure 5 As shown, the high-frequency field voltage at the first coupling slot 41 and the second coupling slot 42 of the magnetron provided by this invention is 70kV, and the field strength is approximately 22kV / mm. If the original single-slot coupling output is used, with an output power of 10MW, such as Figure 6 As shown, the high-frequency field voltage at the coupling gap is 100kV, and the field strength is approximately 30kV / mm.

[0055] This application also provides a vacuum device, which includes the magnetron described in the above embodiments. The microwave energy generated by this vacuum device greatly reduces the damage or interference caused to equipment.

[0056] Obviously, the above embodiments of the present invention are merely examples for clearly illustrating the present invention, and are not intended to limit the implementation of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other variations or modifications can be made based on the above description. It is impossible to exhaustively list all the implementation methods here. All obvious variations or modifications derived from the technical solutions of the present invention are still within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A magnetron, characterized in that, include: Anode resonant tube and several anode resonant cavities formed within the anode resonant tube; The sidewall of the anode resonant tube includes an output structure; The output structure includes a first coupling gap and a second coupling gap that penetrate the wall of the anode resonant tube and are respectively connected to two anode resonant cavities; an anode resonant cavity is spaced between the first coupling gap and the second coupling gap. The output structure also includes a waveguide structure that communicates with the first coupling slot and the second coupling slot; The waveguide structure includes: The first transform waveguide segment connected to the first coupling gap; The second transform waveguide segment connected to the second coupling slot; and The output section is used to connect with the end of the first and second transform waveguide sections that is furthest from the anode resonant cavity.

2. The magnetron according to claim 1, characterized in that, Several anode resonant cavities are formed by anode blade structures; the anode blade structure includes a central cross-section; The first coupling gap and the second coupling gap are arranged on both sides of the central cross-section along the axial direction of the anode resonant tube.

3. The magnetron according to claim 2, characterized in that, The first coupling gap and the second coupling gap are offset relative to the central cross section in the axial direction of the anode resonator tube.

4. The magnetron according to claim 1, characterized in that, The length of the first coupling gap in its extension direction is equal to the length of the second coupling gap in its extension direction; The width of the first coupling gap is equal to the width of the second coupling gap.

5. The magnetron according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the radial direction of the anode resonator, the first coupling slot and the second coupling slot include overlapping portions; The ratio of the length of the overlapping portion to the length of the first coupling gap in the axial direction of the anode resonator is the first gap overlap coefficient, which is 0.2 to 0.

4. The ratio of the length of the overlapping portion to the length of the second coupling gap in the axial direction of the anode resonator is the second gap overlap coefficient, which is between 0.2 and 0.

4.

6. The magnetron according to claim 1, characterized in that, The length of the first coupling gap in its extension direction is 0.5λ to 0.7λ; The length of the second coupling gap in its extension direction is 0.5λ to 0.7λ; The width of the first coupling gap is 0.03λ to 0.08λ; The width of the second coupling gap is 0.03λ to 0.08λ. Where λ represents the wavelength of the output microwave.

7. The magnetron according to claim 1, characterized in that, The width of the first transform waveguide segment is not less than the width of the first coupling slot, and the length of the first transform waveguide segment in the axial direction of the anode resonator is not less than the length of the first coupling slot in its extension direction. The width of the second transform waveguide segment is not less than the width of the second coupling slot, and the length of the second transform waveguide segment in the axial direction of the anode resonator is not less than the length of the second coupling slot in its extension direction.

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