A method, apparatus, and related equipment for separating cascaded data from land well shots.
By performing static correction and inter-track energy equalization on cascaded land well-shot data, and constructing a Hankel matrix for singular value decomposition, the problem of poor coherence in cascaded land well-shot data was solved, achieving efficient single-source seismic data separation and improving data quality.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Patents(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- CHINA NAT PETROLEUM CORP
- Filing Date
- 2021-12-30
- Publication Date
- 2026-06-12
Smart Images
Figure CN116413770B_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to the field of seismic data processing technology, and in particular to a method, apparatus, and related equipment for separating cascaded data from land well shots. Background Technology
[0002] Highly efficient aliasing acquisition technology significantly improves seismic data acquisition efficiency, shortens exploration cycles, and reduces acquisition costs. Due to the short time interval between seismic source excitations, seismic waves from different sources alias, severely affecting the signal-to-noise ratio and imaging quality of the original seismic data. Therefore, aliased acquisition data requires aliasing separation processing. Aliasing separation in land-based well-shot acquisitions differs from that in marine OBN (Ocean Bottom Nose) acquisitions. Surface undulations and differences in excitation conditions between land-based wells and shots can affect the coherence of the acquired seismic data.
[0003] In the process of separating aliased data from multi-source seismic acquisitions, it is necessary to separate the data from multiple sources. Separation algorithms all require the aliased data to have strong coherence. Marine OBN aliased data separation, due to the absence of undulating terrain and the controllable energy of the acquisition vessel, exhibits strong coherence. The main steps for separating marine OBN aliased data are: multi-source aliased seismic data → performing aliased data separation → outputting the separated seismic data for each individual source. Summary of the Invention
[0004] The inventors discovered that domestic and international land-based multi-source aliasing acquisition technology is only available for controlled seismic sources, and there is currently no actual data from well-shot multi-source aliasing acquisition and corresponding aliasing data separation technology. Furthermore, for well-shot aliasing data in mountainous areas and other land-based terrains, the undulating terrain and inconsistent excitation conditions lead to differences in wavelets and energy, which reduces the coherence of the aliasing data.
[0005] In view of the above problems, the present invention is proposed to provide a method, apparatus and related equipment for separating land well shot cascade data to overcome or at least partially solve the above problems.
[0006] In a first aspect, embodiments of the present invention provide a method for separating overlay data from land well shots, the method comprising:
[0007] Static correction was performed on the acquired land well shot cascade data;
[0008] The statically corrected land well shot aliasing data is subjected to inter-channel energy equalization processing in the separated domain channel set to improve the coherence of the land well shot aliasing data.
[0009] The land well shot cascade data after inter-channel energy equalization processing is separated to obtain single-source seismic data.
[0010] Optionally, after obtaining the single-source seismic data, the process may further include:
[0011] The single-source seismic data are subjected to inter-trace energy inverse equalization processing in the separation domain;
[0012] The static correction is removed from the single-source seismic data after the inter-channel energy anti-equilibrium processing to obtain at least two single-source seismic data in the land well shot cascade data.
[0013] Optionally, separating the land well shot cascade data after inter-channel energy equalization processing to obtain single-source seismic data may include:
[0014] The aliased data is subjected to FK transformation to convert the aliased data in the TS domain into aliased data in the FK domain;
[0015] A Hankel matrix is constructed based on the aliased data in the FK domain, and singular value decomposition is performed on the Hankel matrix.
[0016] Based on the values of the singular values, singular values with small values are set to zero according to preset conditions to eliminate noisy data.
[0017] Optional, may also include:
[0018] Seismic data, after noise removal from the FK domain, will be returned to the TS domain.
[0019] Optionally, determining the numerical value of the singular value and setting singular values with smaller values to zero according to preset conditions may include:
[0020] The singular values are sorted according to their numerical values, and the values of singular values that are lower in the sort order or lower than the average value of the singular values are set to zero.
[0021] Optionally, the Hankel matrix is a high-dimensional Hankel matrix.
[0022] Optionally, the singular value decomposition is a local singular value decomposition.
[0023] Optionally, the static correction may include at least one of the following: elevation static correction, residual static correction, model static correction, refraction static correction, and first-arrival static correction.
[0024] Optionally, the separation domain may include at least one of the following: a common detector domain, a common center point domain, and a common offset domain.
[0025] Optionally, before performing static correction on the acquired land well shot aliasing data, the process may further include:
[0026] Abnormal seismic traces were removed from the acquired land well shot composite data.
[0027] Secondly, embodiments of the present invention provide an application of single-source seismic data separated by the method for separating cascaded land well shot data described in the first aspect.
[0028] Thirdly, embodiments of the present invention provide a separation device for overlayed land well shot data, which may include:
[0029] The static correction module is used to perform static correction on the acquired land well shot cascade data;
[0030] The equalization processing module is used to perform inter-channel energy equalization processing on the statically corrected land well shot aliasing data in the separation domain channel set, so as to improve the coherence of the land well shot aliasing data.
[0031] The separation module is used to separate the land well shot cascade data after inter-channel energy equalization processing to obtain single-source seismic data.
[0032] Optionally, the device may also include:
[0033] The anti-equilibrium processing module is used to perform inter-trace energy anti-equilibrium processing on the single-source seismic data in the separation domain;
[0034] The removal module is used to remove static corrections from the single-source seismic data after inter-track energy anti-equilibrium processing, so as to obtain at least two single-source seismic data in the land well shot cascade data.
[0035] Fourthly, embodiments of the present invention provide a computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, which, when executed by a processor, implements the method for separating cascaded land well shot data as described in the first aspect.
[0036] Fifthly, embodiments of the present invention provide a computer device, including a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor executes the program to implement the method for separating cascaded land well shot data as described in the first aspect.
[0037] The beneficial effects of the above-described technical solutions provided in the embodiments of the present invention include at least the following:
[0038] This invention provides a method, apparatus, and related equipment for separating aliased land well shot data. The method may include: performing static correction on the acquired aliased land well shot data; performing inter-channel energy equalization processing on the statically corrected aliased land well shot data in a separation domain gather to improve the coherence of the aliased land well shot data; and separating the inter-channel energy equalization processed aliased land well shot data to obtain single-source seismic data. This invention introduces static correction and inter-channel energy equalization during the aliased data separation process to improve the coherence of multi-source seismic data, thereby enhancing the aliasing separation effect. The gathers processed by static correction and inter-channel energy equalization exhibit better coherence, resulting in better aliasing data separation performance compared to gathers without static correction and inter-channel energy equalization processing.
[0039] Other features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the following description, and will be apparent in part from the description, or may be learned by practicing the invention. The objects and other advantages of the invention may be realized and obtained by means of the structures particularly pointed out in the written description and the accompanying drawings.
[0040] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. Attached Figure Description
[0041] The accompanying drawings are provided to further illustrate the invention and form part of the specification. They are used in conjunction with embodiments of the invention to explain the invention and do not constitute a limitation thereof. In the drawings:
[0042] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating the method for separating overlay data from land well shots provided in this embodiment of the invention.
[0043] Figure 2 This is a flowchart illustrating a specific method for separating overlay data from land well shots provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
[0044] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the execution flow of step S24 provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
[0045] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the land well shot data separation device provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation
[0046] Exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will now be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. While exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the present disclosure may be implemented in various forms and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the disclosure to those skilled in the art.
[0047] This invention provides a method for separating overlay data from land well shots, referring to... Figure 1 As shown, the method may include the following steps:
[0048] Step S11: Perform static correction on the acquired land well shot cascade data.
[0049] Step S12: Perform inter-channel energy equalization processing on the statically corrected land well shot aliasing data in the separation domain trace set to improve the coherence of the land well shot aliasing data.
[0050] Step S13: Separate the land well shot cascade data after inter-channel energy equalization processing to obtain single-source seismic data.
[0051] In the process of separating aliased data, this invention introduces static correction and inter-trace energy equalization to improve the coherence of multi-source seismic data, thereby enhancing the effectiveness of aliasing separation. Trace gathers processed with static correction and inter-trace energy equalization exhibit better coherence, resulting in better aliasing separation performance compared to gathers without these processes.
[0052] In one specific embodiment, refer to Figure 2 As shown, the method for separating the aforementioned overlay data from land well shots may include the following steps:
[0053] Step S21: Remove abnormal seismic traces from the acquired land well shot composite data.
[0054] It should be noted that this step involves removing seismic data from bad channels, dead channels, and abandoned shots. Of course, before this, it is necessary to load the seismic data and the relationships between shot points and receiver points; this will not be elaborated upon in detail in this embodiment of the invention.
[0055] Step S22: Perform static correction on the cascaded data of land well shots.
[0056] In the processing of onshore seismic data, it is usually necessary to correct the seismic data to a unified reference plane, which is generally a horizontal plane. Seismic exploration and interpretation theories assume that the excitation point and receiver point are on the same horizontal plane and that the formation velocity is uniform. However, in reality, the ground is often uneven, the depth of each excitation point may vary, and the wave velocity in the low-velocity zone differs significantly from the wave velocity in the formation, which inevitably affects the shape of the measured time-distance curve. To eliminate these effects, topographic correction, excitation depth correction, and low-velocity zone correction are performed on the raw seismic data. These corrections are invariant across different seismic interfaces at the same observation point and are therefore collectively referred to as static correction. In a broader sense, static correction also includes phase correction and correction for instrument-related factors. With the development of digital processing technology, various automatic static correction methods and procedures have emerged.
[0057] Among them, the above static correction may include at least one of the following: elevation static correction, residual static correction, model static correction, refraction static correction and first arrival static correction.
[0058] Step S23: Perform inter-channel energy equalization processing on the statically corrected land well shot aliasing data in the separation domain trace set to improve the coherence of the land well shot aliasing data.
[0059] It should be noted that the energy emitted from different shot points at the same geophone point is different. Therefore, the amplitude energy level of seismic data from different shots collected at the same geophone point is different, and the above seismic data needs to be processed by inter-track energy equalization.
[0060] The separation domain mentioned above may include at least one of the following: a common detector domain, a common center point domain (common CMP domain), and a common offset domain. Specifically, the separation domain is primarily the common detector domain, the common CMP domain, or the common offset domain. This is because zero-time-delay data exhibits strong coherence in the common detector domain or the common CMP domain, while delayed aliased data is random and lacks coherence. Therefore, in this embodiment, the inventors employ a low-rank-constrained aliased data separation method for separation.
[0061] Step S24: Separate the land well shot cascade data after inter-channel energy equalization processing.
[0062] In one specific embodiment, refer to Figure 3 As shown, the above-mentioned aliased data separation may include the following steps:
[0063] Step S241: Perform FK transformation on the aliased data to convert the aliased data in the TS field into aliased data in the FK field.
[0064] In this step, the TS domain is the distance-time domain, and the FK domain is the frequency-wavenumber domain. This step uses existing transformation methods to facilitate the construction of the Hankel matrix in the FK domain.
[0065] Step S242: Construct the Hankel matrix based on the aliased data in the FK field, and perform singular value decomposition on the Hankel matrix.
[0066] The Hankel matrix mentioned above in this step is a high-dimensional Hankel matrix. This high-dimensional matrix increases the coherence difference between the signal and noise, and achieves better separation of the signal and noise in the sparse domain (SVD).
[0067] The singular value decomposition mentioned above in this step is a local singular value decomposition, which greatly improves computational efficiency.
[0068] Step S243: Based on the numerical values of the singular values, set the singular values with small values to zero according to preset conditions to remove noisy data.
[0069] More specifically, in this step, the singular values can be sorted according to their numerical values, so that the values of singular values that are ranked low or below the average value of the singular values are set to zero.
[0070] Step S244: Return the seismic data after removing noise data from the FK domain to the TS domain.
[0071] In a specific example, the inventors performed an FK transform on the seismic data using receiver gathers to convert it from the TX domain to the FK domain, constructed a Hankel matrix, and then used the LSVD method for singular value decomposition. Large singular values indicate strong coherence and are valid signals, while small singular values indicate weak coherence and are noise. By setting small singular values to zero, noise is eliminated, and aliased data is separated.
[0072] Furthermore, cadzow filtering is used to replace the traditional low-rank constrained aliasing data separation method. This is mainly achieved by improving the construction of the Hankel matrix from the traditional Hankel matrix to a hybrid high-dimensional Hankel matrix, such as a second-order hybrid cadzow filter (C2). The advantages are: increasing the coherence difference between signal and noise, and achieving better separation of signal and noise in the sparse domain (SVD).
[0073] In this embodiment of the invention, considering the characteristics of overlapping onshore well shot data, static correction and inter-track energy equalization are introduced during the overlapping data separation process to improve the coherence of multi-source seismic data, thereby enhancing the effect of overlapping data separation.
[0074] Step S25: Perform inter-trace energy inverse equalization processing on the separated single-source seismic data in the separation domain.
[0075] This step, inter-track energy rebalancing, can eliminate the impact of inter-track energy rebalancing on seismic data.
[0076] Step S26: Remove static correction from the single-source seismic data after inter-channel energy anti-equilibrium processing to obtain at least two single-source seismic data in the land well shot cascade data.
[0077] This step is to eliminate the impact of static correction on seismic data.
[0078] In this embodiment of the invention, the seismic data for each single source is separated. For example, if two sources are acquired in an aliased manner, two seismic data points are separated, each representing the seismic record triggered by that source. If n sources are acquired in an aliased manner, n seismic data points are separated, each representing the seismic record triggered by that source.
[0079] This invention addresses the poor coherence of aliased data caused by undulating terrain and inter-shot energy differences in mountainous well-shot data, improving the coherence of the aliased data and ultimately enhancing the separation effect. Based on marine OBN aliased data separation technology (multi-source aliased seismic data, aliased data separation, outputting the separated seismic data of each single source), this innovative achievement, tailored to the data characteristics of land-based well-shot data, presents the following technical solution: Multi-source aliased seismic data → Static correction to improve coherence → Inter-shot energy equalization to improve coherence → Aliased data separation → Removal of inter-shot energy equalization → Removal of static correction → Output of the separated seismic data of each single source. By applying static correction and inter-shot energy equalization to multi-source aliased data, the coherence of the multi-source seismic data is improved, thereby enhancing the aliasing separation effect.
[0080] With the maturation and gradual application of multi-source cascading acquisition technology for land well drilling, this innovative achievement is an essential and unavoidable technology for cascading data separation, and has broad application prospects.
[0081] Based on the same inventive concept, this embodiment of the invention also provides an application of single-source seismic data separated by the above-mentioned separation method for land well shot superimposed data.
[0082] Based on the same inventive concept, this invention also provides a device for separating overlay data from land well shots, referring to... Figure 4 As shown, the device may include: a static correction module 41, an equalization processing module 42, and a separation module 43, and its working principle is as follows:
[0083] The static correction module 41 is used to perform static correction on the acquired land well shot cascade data; wherein the static correction includes at least one of the following: elevation static correction, residual static correction, model static correction, refraction static correction and first arrival static correction.
[0084] The equalization processing module 42 is used to perform inter-channel energy equalization processing on the statically corrected land well shot aliasing data in the separation domain gather to improve the coherence of the land well shot aliasing data; wherein, the separation domain includes at least one of the following: common detector point domain, common center point domain, and common offset domain.
[0085] The separation module 43 is used to separate the land well shot superimposed data after the inter-channel energy equalization processing to obtain single-source seismic data.
[0086] In an optional embodiment, refer to Figure 4 As shown, the device may also include an anti-equalization processing module 44 and a removal module 45, the working principle of which is as follows:
[0087] The anti-equilibrium processing module 44 is used to perform inter-trace energy anti-equilibrium processing on the single-source seismic data in the separation domain;
[0088] The removal module 45 is used to remove static corrections from the single-source seismic data after inter-track energy anti-equilibrium processing, so as to obtain at least two single-source seismic data in the land well shot cascade data.
[0089] In another alternative embodiment, the separation module 43 is specifically used for:
[0090] The aliased data is subjected to FK transformation to convert the aliased data in the TS domain into aliased data in the FK domain;
[0091] A Hankel matrix is constructed based on the aliased data in the FK domain, and singular value decomposition is performed on the Hankel matrix; wherein the Hankel matrix is a high-dimensional Hankel matrix; and the singular value decomposition is a local singular value decomposition.
[0092] Based on the values of the singular values, singular values with small values are set to zero according to preset conditions to eliminate noisy data.
[0093] Seismic data, after noise removal from the FK domain, will be returned to the TS domain.
[0094] In another alternative embodiment, the separation module 43 sorts the singular values according to their numerical values, so as to set the values of singular values that are lower in the sort order or lower than the average value of the singular values to zero.
[0095] In another alternative embodiment, refer to Figure 4 As shown, it may also include: a removal module 46, which is used to remove abnormal seismic trace data in the acquired land well shot cascade data.
[0096] Based on the same inventive concept, this embodiment of the invention also provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the above-described method for separating cascaded land well shot data.
[0097] Based on the same inventive concept, this embodiment of the invention also provides a computer device, including a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor. When the processor executes the program, it implements the above-mentioned method for separating cascaded land well shot data.
[0098] The principles by which the above-mentioned devices, media, and related equipment in the embodiments of the present invention solve the problem are similar to those of the aforementioned methods. Therefore, their implementation can refer to the implementation of the aforementioned methods, and repeated details will not be repeated.
[0099] Those skilled in the art will understand that embodiments of the present invention can be provided as methods, systems, or computer program products. Therefore, the present invention can take the form of a completely hardware embodiment, a completely software embodiment, or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, the present invention can take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including, but not limited to, disk storage and optical storage) containing computer-usable program code.
[0100] This invention is described with reference to flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of the invention. It will be understood that each block of the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, and combinations of blocks in the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions can be provided to a processor of a general-purpose computer, special-purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, generate instructions for implementing the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams. Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 A device that provides the functions specified in one or more boxes.
[0101] These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable storage medium that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing device to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable storage medium produce an article of manufacture including instruction means, which are implemented in a process Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The function specified in one or more boxes.
[0102] These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing equipment to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable equipment to produce a computer-implemented process, thereby providing instructions that execute on the computer or other programmable equipment for implementing the process. Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The steps of the function specified in one or more boxes.
[0103] Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations to this invention without departing from its spirit and scope. Therefore, if these modifications and variations fall within the scope of the claims of this invention and their equivalents, this invention also intends to include these modifications and variations.
Claims
1. A method for separating cascaded data from land well shots, characterized in that, include: Static correction was performed on the acquired land well shot cascade data; The statically corrected land well shot aliasing data is subjected to inter-channel energy equalization processing in the separated domain channel set to improve the coherence of the land well shot aliasing data. The land well shot cascade data after inter-channel energy equalization processing is separated to obtain single-source seismic data; The single-source seismic data are subjected to inter-trace energy inverse equalization processing in the separation domain; The static correction is removed from the single-source seismic data after the inter-channel energy anti-equilibrium processing to obtain at least two single-source seismic data in the land well shot cascade data.
2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The process of separating the land well shot cascade data after inter-channel energy equalization processing to obtain single-source seismic data includes: The aliased data is subjected to FK transformation to convert the aliased data in the TS domain into aliased data in the FK domain; A Hankel matrix is constructed based on the aliased data in the FK domain, and singular value decomposition is performed on the Hankel matrix. Based on the values of the singular values, singular values with small values are set to zero according to preset conditions to eliminate noisy data.
3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, Also includes: Seismic data, after noise removal from the FK domain, will be returned to the TS domain.
4. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The step of setting singular values with smaller values to zero based on the numerical values of the singular values, according to preset conditions, includes: The singular values are sorted according to their numerical values, and the values of singular values that are lower than the average value of the singular values are set to zero.
5. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The Hankel matrix is a high-dimensional Hankel matrix.
6. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The singular value decomposition is a local singular value decomposition.
7. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, The static correction includes at least one of the following: elevation static correction, residual static correction, model static correction, refraction static correction, and first arrival static correction.
8. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, The separation domain includes at least one of the following: common detector point domain, common center point domain, and common offset domain.
9. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, Before performing static correction on the acquired land well shot aliasing data, the process also includes: Abnormal seismic traces were removed from the acquired land well shot composite data.
10. A device for separating cascaded data from land-based well shots, characterized in that, include: The static correction module is used to perform static correction on the acquired land well shot cascade data; The equalization processing module is used to perform inter-channel energy equalization processing on the statically corrected land well shot aliasing data in the separation domain channel set, so as to improve the coherence of the land well shot aliasing data. The separation module is used to separate the land well shot cascade data after inter-channel energy equalization processing to obtain single-source seismic data. The anti-equilibrium processing module is used to perform inter-trace energy anti-equilibrium processing on the single-source seismic data in the separation domain; The removal module is used to remove static corrections from the single-source seismic data after inter-track energy anti-equilibrium processing, so as to obtain at least two single-source seismic data in the land well shot cascade data.
11. A computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that, When executed by the processor, the program implements the method for separating cascaded land well shot data as described in any one of claims 1 to 9.
12. A computer device, comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, characterized in that, When the processor executes the program, it implements the method for separating cascaded land well shot data as described in any one of claims 1 to 9.