Construction method for improving water ecological habitat of artificial lake body

Abstract

The present application belongs to the technical field of artificial lake, and particularly relates to a construction method for improving water ecological habitat of an artificial lake body. The technical scheme is as follows: the construction method for improving water ecological habitat of an artificial lake body comprises the following steps: S1: terrain collection and model creation; S2: determination of characteristic habitat factors of aquatic plants and animals; S3: gravity type lake area terrain simulation; S4: determination of characteristic habitat factor parameters; S5: optimization and adjustment of the lake area terrain scheme; S6: lake bottom terrain construction and water ecological system construction. The present application provides a construction method for improving water ecological habitat of an artificial lake body.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of artificial lake technology, and specifically relates to a construction method for improving the aquatic ecological habitat of artificial lakes. Background Technology

[0002] As an important component of the "park city" development concept, artificial lakes are playing an increasingly important role in beautifying and improving the urban ecological environment and in landscaping construction. Based on existing river channels, depressions, ponds, and other existing conditions, and considering urban development needs, the construction of artificial lakes is integrated with "park city" planning and design. This not only meets the requirements of urban water system construction but also creates a dual positioning and function of urban water system and urban green space. The creation of the lakebed topography and the abundance of aquatic plants and animals in artificial lakes directly affect the quality of aquatic habitats. However, conventional artificial lake topography creation schemes and construction rely solely on two-dimensional drawings and documents, making it impossible to accurately assess the hydrodynamic conditions of the lake and the survival of aquatic plants and animals after completion. Adjustments to the topography and aquatic plants and animals after water storage will result in significant economic and time losses. Summary of the Invention

[0003] To address the aforementioned problems in existing technologies, the present invention aims to provide a construction method for improving the aquatic ecological habitat of artificial lakes. This method utilizes a high-precision lakebed topography model coupled with hydrodynamic simulation technology to analyze the lakebed topography creation scheme, aquatic plant and animal community pool, and characteristic habitat factors. Based on the adaptation range of characteristic habitat factors, aquatic plants and animals are selected to form a community pool. Furthermore, the lakebed topography design scheme is refined based on the hydrodynamic simulation scheme, achieving a lake renewal system without external flow propulsion equipment. Based on the aforementioned complete set of coupled technologies, a construction process for a gravity-driven flow lake self-renewal system based on the analysis of aquatic plant and animal characteristic habitat factors is constructed to guide on-site construction, thereby improving the quality of the aquatic ecological habitat of artificial lakes and reducing rework.

[0004] The technical solution adopted in this invention is as follows:

[0005] The construction method for improving the aquatic ecological habitat of artificial lakes includes the following steps:

[0006] S1: Terrain acquisition and model creation;

[0007] S2: Identification of characteristic habitat factors for aquatic plants and animals;

[0008] S3: Gravity-based lake area topography simulation method;

[0009] S4: Determination of characteristic habitat factor parameters;

[0010] S5: Optimization and adjustment of the lake area terrain plan;

[0011] S6: Construction of lake bottom topography and water ecosystem creation.

[0012] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, step S1 specifically includes the following steps:

[0013] S11: Drones collect terrain data;

[0014] S12: Terrain Model Creation and Accuracy Verification: Agisoft Metashape is used to filter valid images. After loading POS data, the software will use the SIFT operator to perform aerial triangulation on the image data. By matching corresponding points, the spatial position and orientation of the image are automatically calculated, and then relative and absolute orientation are performed. After data orientation, point cloud data with corresponding density is generated according to different project requirements. Then, through thinning and encapsulation to build a TIN mesh model, texture mapping and other steps, a real-world 3D model is created. According to the requirements, oblique photogrammetry model, orthophoto, digital elevation model and contour line model are output.

[0015] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step S11, the area to be surveyed is reconnoitered before the aerial survey image acquisition, and the flight route is planned in advance based on its elevation data, area size, and vegetation cover; the lateral overlap is not less than 70%, and the flight path overlap is not less than 80%; the changes in shadow and illumination caused by the solar altitude angle are avoided, and the quality of the transmitted images is monitored during the aerial survey; the flight speed is set according to the wind speed to ensure that the camera is accurately focused and the image is clear.

[0016] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, step S2 specifically includes the following steps:

[0017] S21: Aquatic plant community creation: mainly evergreen, tolerant of low temperature, salt, high temperature and low light; varieties with high purification rate of pollutants such as nitrogen and phosphorus; fully consider underwater space and layers to realize the landscaping of aquatic plants; seasonal and spatial matching principle;

[0018] S22: Aquatic Animal Community Reservoir Creation: Introduce aquatic animal communities to construct food chains, thereby enhancing the ecological purification function and improving the aquatic habitat; the aquatic animal community mainly includes fish, benthic animals, arthropods, filter feeders, and zooplankton;

[0019] S23: Determine the characteristic habitat factors of aquatic plants and animals: determine the lake's water flow velocity, topography and water depth, aeration vortex settings, TN concentration and TP concentration.

[0020] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, step S3 specifically includes the following steps:

[0021] Using prior drone oblique photography to obtain the original three-dimensional topography of the lake area, and based on the existing topographic elevation and water system layout, a gravity-based hydrodynamic lake area design scheme without external equipment was constructed. Based on the parameters of the lake area design scheme, including the lake area flow field, lake bottom topography, and disturbance fluid settings, the proposed gravity-based lake area layout design was theoretically simulated to ensure that the hydrodynamic renewal time of the lake water body meets the water quality purification requirements and the survival stress threshold requirements of aquatic plants and animals.

[0022] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, when theoretically simulating the proposed gravity-based lake layout design, the lake simulation zones are first divided according to the lake topography using a lattice cloud design. Then, the flow field boundary conditions are determined based on the proposed lake zones, and an .XYZ model is generated. An unstructured mesh is used to divide the lake area. Discrete elevation data is then imported, and SMS software is used to construct a mesh for the simulated lake area, followed by differential topographic analysis. Subsequently, local mesh refinement is performed on areas with added flow-disrupting hydraulic structures to improve the calculation accuracy of complex boundary areas. Finally, the Manning coefficient within the lake area is simulated based on the .MESH model results.

[0023] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, step S4 specifically includes the following steps:

[0024] S41: Characteristic Habitat Factor Simulation Scheme: The locally encrypted .MESH file was imported into the Mesh Generator module of the MIKE Zero software to create the land-water boundary; the corresponding initial field for hydrodynamic calculation was generated based on the actual controlled water level and inflow of the lake area; the .Mesh file was imported into the MIKE21 Flow Model FM module to establish a hydrodynamic model, and the basic parameters were input. To ensure the stability of the model operation, the Kronen value was set to 0.8; wind field sequence files, including wind speed and direction, were created using Weather Spark monitoring data; and corresponding evaporation-precipitation sequence files were created using Windy monitoring data.

[0025] S42: TN and TP simulation scheme: The ECO Lab module is used to simulate the habitat factors of the lake water quality characteristics. The initial TN and TP concentrations are input into the open boundary Code. The reduction coefficients of TN and TP in the simulation area of ​​this lake are calibrated according to relevant literature to obtain the changes of TP and TN in the simulation area.

[0026] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, step S5 specifically includes the following steps: adjusting the gravity-driven hydrodynamic lake area design scheme in real time according to the variation range of characteristic habitat factors in the simulated lake area and the adaptation range of characteristic habitat factors in the aquatic plant and animal community pool determined in the early stage; optimizing and adjusting the detailed structure of the lake area topography, the layout location of aquatic plants and animals in the lake area and the release concentration; and minimizing the amount of earthwork excavation required for the creation of the lake bottom topography by using the original lake bottom topography model.

[0027] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, step S6 specifically includes the following steps:

[0028] S61: Lake Bottom Topography Construction: After optimizing and adjusting the plan, the engineer communicated with the design institute and construction unit to assess the feasibility of the plan, and finally formed an implementation plan for the detailed structure of the lake topography and the introduction of aquatic plants and animals: Based on the final version of the detailed structure drawing of the lake bottom topography, the design elevation is the final completed elevation. When piling up the slope, it is necessary to carry out layer compaction treatment every 40cm. The density should not be less than 0.9 below the total elevation of 1.5m and not less than 0.92 above 1.5m. Considering regional settlement, the vertical construction needs to prepare surplus soil, and the soil piling height should be increased by about 20-30cm depending on the slope height. Considering the natural settlement of the soil, the soil piling height should be increased by 20-30cm depending on the slope height.

[0029] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, step S6 further includes the following steps:

[0030] S62: Construction of Aquatic Ecosystem: Based on the detailed layout of aquatic plants and animals and the detailed bill of quantities, guide the on-site construction of the aquatic ecosystem: the tillage depth is 15-30cm, and after tillage, ensure that the soil particle size is ≤10cm, while clearing some stones, shrubs, trees, and crops; use soil sterilization agents to evenly spread on the lake bottom to disinfect residual pathogens; after tillage, sprinkle trace elements on the lake bottom; the planting method of aquatic plants is mainly shallow water transplanting; in the initial stage of aquatic ecosystem construction, the community is mainly composed of carnivorous fish, and the biomass of omnivorous fish is controlled; large benthic animals such as snails and clams are appropriately released in the early stage, mainly for protection; the release of benthic fish is controlled.

[0031] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0032] This invention comprehensively utilizes digital models and aquatic ecological theory analysis and simulation methods to create a refined model of lake bottom topography and a database of aquatic plant and animal communities. Based on the adaptation range of aquatic plant and animal habitat factors, the parameters of the lake bottom topography model are adjusted in real time to optimize and adjust the construction plan for the artificial lake. This aims to improve the quality of the aquatic ecological habitat under gravity flow conditions, significantly improving lake water quality. During the construction of the lake bottom topography and aquatic ecosystem, the construction plan and detailed aquatic plant and animal layout drawings based on the gravity-based lake bottom topography model are strictly followed to guide on-site construction, reducing earthwork excavation and subsequent replanting and supplementation of aquatic plants and animals, lowering construction costs, and achieving optimal results in one go. Attached Figure Description

[0033] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the method of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 2 It is a topographic contour map;

[0035] Figure 3 It is a model diagram of the current terrain surface. Detailed Implementation

[0036] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. The components of the embodiments of the present invention described and shown in the accompanying drawings can generally be arranged and designed in various different configurations.

[0037] Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the invention provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed invention, but merely to illustrate selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of the invention. It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described in the embodiments of the invention can be combined with each other.

[0038] like Figure 1 As shown in the figure, the construction method for improving the aquatic ecological habitat of the artificial lake in this embodiment is as follows.

[0039] S1: Terrain Acquisition and Model Creation:

[0040] S11: Drone Data Acquisition

[0041] Before acquiring aerial survey images, a reconnaissance of the area to be surveyed should be conducted, taking into account its elevation data, area size, and vegetation cover, and a flight route should be planned in advance. To ensure the overlap between adjacent images, the lateral overlap should be no less than 70%, and the flight path overlap no less than 80%. To prevent large areas of shadow from affecting the matching of corresponding points, changes in shadow and illumination caused by the solar altitude angle should be avoided, and the quality of the transmitted images should be monitored during the aerial survey. The flight speed should be set reasonably according to the wind speed to maintain the stability of the UAV and ensure accurate camera focus and clear imaging.

[0042] S12: Terrain Model Creation and Accuracy Verification

[0043] This process utilizes the Matrice 300RTK drone to meet model creation requirements. The Matrice 300RTK is equipped with a six-way binocular vision + infrared sensing system, an FPV camera, and integrates a new RTK module. Without image control, it achieves a horizontal positioning accuracy of 1cm + 1ppm, a vertical positioning accuracy of 1.5cm + 1ppm, and a horizontal absolute accuracy of 5cm (see figure). Agisoft Metashape is used to filter valid images to improve the quality of orthophotos and point cloud data production. Image homogenization and color homogenization are applied to reduce noise and improve model quality. After loading POS data, the software uses the SIFT operator to perform aerial triangulation on the image data, automatically calculating the spatial position and attitude parameters of the image by matching corresponding points, and then performing relative and absolute orientation. After data orientation, point cloud data of corresponding density can be generated according to different project requirements. Then, through thinning and encapsulation to construct a TIN (triangular mesh) mesh model, texture mapping, and other steps, a realistic 3D model is created. Oblique photogrammetry models, orthophotos, digital elevation models (DEMs), and contour models are output as needed. Figure 2 It is a topographic contour map; Figure 3 It is a model diagram of the current terrain surface.

[0044] To ensure the accuracy of the measured terrain, the precision of the output model must be verified. During the aerial survey, a total of 10 checkpoints were set up on site using targets. The actual coordinates of the checkpoints were obtained using a total station, and the coordinates of each checkpoint were extracted from the aerial survey data. The comparison results between the actual coordinates of the checkpoints and the coordinates displayed in the model are shown in Table 1 below.

[0045] Table 1 Comparison of Measured Coordinates and Displayed Coordinates of Checkpoints in the Model

[0046] Point 1 -0.0174 -0.0156 0.0231 -0.0099 Point 2 -0.0125 -0.0328 0.0127 -0.0326 Point 3 0.0135 0.0161 0.0267 0.0563 Point 4 0.0273 0.0161 0.0224 0.0658 5 points -0.0148 0.0205 -0.0069 -0.0012 Point 6 -0.0242 0.0271 -0.0172 -0.0143 7 points 0.0313 0.0404 -0.0162 0.0555 8 0.0321 0.0211 -0.0272 0.0260 9 0.0221 0.0111 -0.0132 0.0200 10 0.0161 0.0131 -0.0222 0.0070

[0047] S2: Determination of characteristic habitat factors for aquatic plants and animals:

[0048] S21: Creation of Aquatic Plant Community Bank:

[0049] Aquatic plants are a crucial component of aquatic habitat enhancement methods, and the selection and determination of their species significantly impact the effectiveness of habitat quality improvement. The selection principles for aquatic plants in this method are: primarily evergreen, tolerant of low temperatures, salinity, high temperatures, and low light; varieties with high purification rates for pollutants such as nitrogen and phosphorus; full consideration of underwater space and layers to achieve aquatic plant landscaping; and seasonal and spatial matching principles. Based on the climate and hydrological characteristics of Sichuan Province, different types of varieties are selected for combination. During seasonal transitions, varieties adapted to the local climate are chosen, and combinations are made according to spatial conditions (such as substrate) to achieve natural seasonal changes and biodiversity of underwater aquatic plants; ecological safety is ensured, preventing the invasion of alien species, with a focus on widely distributed and native species; and the main aquatic plant community pool is formed based on the above selection principles and the goal of sustainable water management.

[0050] Table 2. Aquatic Plant Community Database

[0051]

[0052]

[0053] S22: Aquatic Animal Community Repository Creation:

[0054] This method aims to improve the aquatic habitat by introducing aquatic animal communities to construct a food chain and leverage their ecological purification function. The aquatic animal community mainly includes fish, benthic animals (oligochaeta, mollusks, and insect larvae), arthropods, filter feeders, and zooplankton, which extend the food chain, improve the aquatic ecosystem, enhance the water's self-purification capacity and ecosystem stability, and thus improve the lake's habitat. Benthic organisms, as a crucial part of the food chain, not only promote the decomposition of humus in the lake but also significantly reduce nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations through adsorption. Zooplankton, after consuming cyanobacteria, produce weakly acidic excrement, effectively lowering the pH value of the water, which in turn inhibits the growth and reproduction of cyanobacteria, greatly reducing the photon decay rate in the water. Based on these selection principles, the main aquatic animal community pool for this method is formed.

[0055] Table 3. Aquatic Animal Community Repository

[0056]

[0057]

[0058] S23: Habitat factors characteristic of aquatic plants and animals:

[0059] The survival and reproduction of aquatic plants and animals in lake areas depend on the lake's habitat environment for some or all of their life cycle. Hydrodynamics and water quality conditions, as characteristic factors of aquatic plant and animal habitat quality, significantly influence their survival and reproductive capabilities. The abundance and spatial distribution of aquatic plants and animals in the lake are closely related to hydrodynamic and water quality conditions, and different species have different adaptation ranges and response mechanisms to characteristic habitat stressors. To maximize the improvement of lake aquatic ecological habitat quality through construction methods, based on literature review and site surveys, the comprehensive characteristic habitat factors for aquatic plants and animals in this method are determined as follows: lake water flow velocity, lake topography and water depth, aeration vortex setting, TN concentration, and TP concentration. The adaptation ranges of each characteristic habitat factor for aquatic plants and animals in the aquatic plant and animal community pool are as follows.

[0060] Table 4. Intervals of Habitat Factors for Aquatic Plants and Animals

[0061]

[0062]

[0063] S3: Gravity-based lake area topography simulation scheme:

[0064] This method utilizes preliminary UAV oblique photography to obtain the original three-dimensional topography of the lake area. Subsequently, based on the existing topographic elevation and water system layout within the site, a gravity-based hydrodynamic lake area design scheme without external equipment assistance is constructed. Based on the lake area design scheme parameters (lake flow field, lakebed topography, disturbance fluid settings, etc.), a theoretical simulation is performed on the proposed gravity-based lake area layout design to ensure that the hydrodynamic renewal time of the lake body meets the water quality purification requirements and the survival stress threshold requirements for aquatic plants and animals.

[0065] First, based on the lake area topography, a raster cloud was designed to divide the lake into simulated zones. Then, based on these zones, flow field boundary conditions were determined, and an .XYZ model was generated. An unstructured mesh was used to divide the lake area. Next, discretized elevation data was imported, and SMS software was used to construct a mesh for the simulated lake area, followed by differential topographic analysis. Subsequently, local mesh refinement was applied to areas with added flow-disrupting hydraulic structures to improve the calculation accuracy of complex boundary areas. Finally, the Manning coefficient within the lake area was simulated based on the .MESH model results.

[0066] S4: Determination of characteristic habitat factor parameters:

[0067] S41: Characteristic Habitat Factor Simulation Scheme

[0068] Import the constructed, locally encrypted .MESH file into the Mesh Generator module of the MIKE Zero software to create the land-water boundary. Based on the actual controlled water level and inflow rate of the lake area, generate the corresponding initial field for hydrodynamic calculations. Import the .Mesh file into the MIKE21 Flow Model FM module to establish a hydrodynamic model. To ensure the stability of the model operation, the Cronbach's alpha (CFL number) is set to 0.8. The roughness of the lake area is reflected by the Manning coefficient simulated in step S3.

[0069] Wind is a key power source driving water flow within lakes, and wind energy can accelerate the mixing of water beneath the lake surface. Wind field sequence files, including wind speed and direction, were created using Weather Spark monitoring data.

[0070] Using Windy to monitor rainfall and evaporation data, corresponding evaporation-rainfall sequence files were created.

[0071] S42: TN and TP simulation schemes:

[0072] This method uses the ECO Lab module to simulate the habitat factors characteristic of the lake's water quality. Based on the "Chengdu Surface Water Environmental Quality Status" published by the Chengdu Municipal Bureau of Ecology and Environment and the "Surface Water Environmental Quality Standard" (GB3838-2002), the initial TN and TP concentrations are input into the open boundary code. The reduction coefficients of TN and TP within the simulated lake area are calibrated according to relevant literature to obtain the changes in TP and TN within the simulated area.

[0073] S5: Optimization and adjustment of the lake area terrain plan:

[0074] This method adjusts the gravity-driven hydrodynamic lake design scheme in real time based on the variation range of characteristic habitat factors in the simulated lake area and the adaptation range of characteristic habitat factors in the aquatic plant and animal community pool determined in the early stage. It optimizes and adjusts the detailed structure of the lake topography, the layout and concentration of aquatic plants and animals, and avoids the degradation of the abundance and spatial distribution of aquatic plants and animals caused by drastic fluctuations in water stress, thus comprehensively improving the quality of the aquatic ecological habitat in the gravity-driven lake area. Simultaneously, by using an original lakebed topographic model and minimizing the amount of earthwork excavation required for lakebed topography creation, construction costs are reduced.

[0075] S6: Implementation of the Plan

[0076] S61: Lakebed Topography Construction:

[0077] After optimizing and adjusting the plan, the engineers communicated with the design institute and construction unit to assess its feasibility, ultimately formulating an implementable plan for the detailed topographic structure of the lake area and the introduction of aquatic plants and animals. During the construction of the lakebed topography, the construction was strictly guided by a gravity-based lakebed topography model to reduce the amount of earthwork.

[0078] Based on the finalized detailed topographic drawings of the lakebed, the design elevation is the final completed elevation. During slope construction, compaction must be carried out in layers every 40cm. The compaction density should be no less than 0.9 below 1.5m and no less than 0.92 above 1.5m. Considering regional settlement, surplus soil needs to be prepared for vertical construction. Depending on the slope height, the soil volume can be increased by approximately 20-30cm to ensure that the soil reaches the design elevation after settlement. Considering the natural settlement of the soil, the slope height is increased by 20-30cm to ensure that the soil reaches the design elevation after settlement.

[0079] S62: Construction of Aquatic Ecosystem Creation:

[0080] The on-site construction of the aquatic ecosystem is guided by the detailed layout plan of aquatic plants and animals and the detailed bill of quantities. The tillage depth is 15-30cm, ensuring the soil particle size is ≤10cm after tilling, while removing some stones, shrubs, trees, crops, and other residues. A soil sterilization agent (prepared with oxidants such as sodium hypochlorite and chlorine dioxide) is evenly spread on the lake bottom to disinfect any remaining pathogens. Subsequently, trace elements are sprinkled onto the lake bottom after tilling to improve the soil quality. Aquatic plants are primarily planted using shallow-water transplanting, with subsequent replanting using a water-based transplanting method. In the initial stage of aquatic ecosystem construction, carnivorous fish communities should be the main focus, while the biomass of omnivorous fish should be controlled. Large benthic animals such as snails and clams can be appropriately stocked initially, but primarily for protection. Simultaneously, the stocking of benthic fish, such as carp, should be controlled, and the harvesting of large benthic animals such as snails and clams should be prohibited.

[0081] This invention is not limited to the above-described optional embodiments. Anyone can derive other various forms of products under the guidance of this invention. However, regardless of any changes made in their shape or structure, any technical solution that falls within the scope of the claims of this invention shall be protected by this invention.

Claims

1. A method for improving the construction of an artificial lake water ecological habitat, characterized in that: Includes the following steps: S1: Terrain acquisition and model creation; S2: Identification of characteristic habitat factors for aquatic plants and animals; S3: Gravity-based lake area topography simulation scheme; S4: Determination of characteristic habitat factor parameters; S5: Optimization and adjustment of the lake area terrain plan; S6: Construction of lakebed topography and aquatic ecosystem creation; Step S1 specifically includes the following steps: S11: Drones collect terrain data; S12: Terrain Model Creation and Accuracy Verification: Agisoft Metashape is used to filter valid images. After loading POS data, the software will use the SIFT operator to perform aerial triangulation on the image data. By matching corresponding points, the spatial position and orientation of the image are automatically calculated, and then relative and absolute orientation are performed. After data orientation, point cloud data with corresponding density is generated according to different project requirements. Then, through thinning and encapsulation, a TIN mesh model is constructed, and a real-world 3D model is created through texture mapping. According to the requirements, oblique photogrammetry model, orthophoto, digital elevation model, and contour model are output. Step S2 specifically includes the following steps: S21: Creation of aquatic plant community bank: mainly evergreen, tolerant of low temperature, salt, high temperature and low light; varieties with high purification rate of nitrogen and phosphorus pollutants; fully consider underwater space and layers to realize the landscaping of aquatic plants; seasonal and spatial matching principle; S22: Aquatic animal community creation: Introduce aquatic animal communities to construct food chains, so as to exert ecological purification functions and improve the habitat of water bodies; S23: Determine the characteristic habitat factors of aquatic plants and animals: determine the lake's water flow velocity, lake topography and water depth, aeration cyclone settings, TN concentration and TP concentration; Step S3 specifically includes the following steps: Using oblique photography by drones to obtain the original three-dimensional topography of the lake area, a gravity-based hydrodynamic lake area design scheme without external equipment was constructed based on the existing topographic elevation and water system layout of the site. The proposed gravity-based lake area layout design was theoretically simulated based on the parameters of the lake area design scheme, including the lake area flow field, lake bottom topography, and disturbance fluid settings, to ensure that the hydrodynamic renewal time of the lake water body meets the water quality purification requirements and the survival stress threshold requirements of aquatic plants and animals. When conducting theoretical simulations of the proposed gravity-based lake layout design, the lake simulation zones are first divided based on the lake topography using a lattice cloud design. Then, flow field boundary conditions are determined according to the proposed lake zones, and an .XYZ model is generated. An unstructured mesh is used to divide the lake area. Discrete elevation data is then imported, and SMS software is used to construct a mesh for the simulated lake area, followed by interpolation topographic analysis. Subsequently, local mesh refinement is applied to areas with added flow-disrupting hydraulic structures to improve the calculation accuracy of complex boundary areas. Finally, the Manning coefficient within the lake area is simulated based on the .MESH model results. Step S4 specifically includes the following steps: S41: Characteristic Habitat Factor Simulation Scheme: The locally encrypted .MESH file was imported into the Mesh Generator module of the MIKE Zero software to create the land-water boundary; the corresponding initial field for hydrodynamic calculation was generated based on the actual controlled water level and inflow of the lake area; the .Mesh file was imported into the MIKE21 Flow Model FM module to establish a hydrodynamic model, and the basic parameters were input. To ensure the stability of the model operation, the Kronen value was set to 0.8; wind field sequence files, including wind speed and direction, were created using Weather Spark monitoring data; and corresponding evaporation-precipitation sequence files were created using Windy monitoring data. S42: TN and TP simulation scheme: The ECO Lab module is used to simulate the characteristic habitat factors of lake water quality. The initial TN and TP concentrations are input into the open boundary Code. The reduction coefficients of TN and TP in the simulation area of ​​this lake are calibrated according to relevant literature to obtain the changes of TP and TN in the simulation area. Step S5 specifically includes the following steps: Based on the variation range of characteristic habitat factors in the simulated lake area and the adaptation range of characteristic habitat factors in the aquatic plant and animal community pool determined in the early stage, adjust the gravity-driven hydrodynamic lake area design scheme in real time: optimize and adjust the detailed structure of the lake area topography, the layout location of aquatic plants and animals in the lake area, and the release concentration; and minimize the amount of earthwork excavation required for creating the lake bottom topography by using the original lake bottom topography model. Step S6 specifically includes the following steps: S61: Lake Bottom Topography Construction: After optimizing and adjusting the plan, the engineer communicated with the design institute and construction unit to assess the feasibility of the plan, and finally formed an implementation plan for the detailed structure of the lake topography and the introduction of aquatic plants and animals: Based on the final version of the detailed structure of the lake bottom topography, the design elevation is the final completed elevation. When piling up the slope, it is necessary to carry out layer compaction treatment every 40cm. The density should not be less than 0.9 below the total elevation of 1.5m and not less than 0.92 above 1.5m. Considering regional settlement, the vertical construction needs to prepare surplus soil, and the soil piling height should be increased by 20-30cm depending on the slope height. Step S6 also includes the following steps: S62: Construction of Aquatic Ecosystem: Based on the detailed layout of aquatic plants and animals and the detailed bill of quantities, the on-site construction of the aquatic ecosystem will be guided: the tillage depth is 15-30 cm, and the soil particle size is guaranteed to be ≤10 cm after tillage. At the same time, some stones, shrubs, trees and crops are removed; soil sterilization agents are evenly sprinkled on the lake bottom to disinfect residual pathogens; trace elements are sprinkled on the lake bottom after tillage; the planting method of aquatic plants is mainly shallow water transplanting; in the early stage of aquatic ecosystem construction, carnivorous fish communities are the main focus, and the biomass of omnivorous fish is controlled; large benthic animals such as snails and clams are appropriately released in the early stage, mainly for protection.

2. The construction method for improving the aquatic ecological habitat of artificial lakes according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S11, the area to be surveyed is reconnoitered before aerial survey image acquisition. The flight route is planned in advance based on its elevation data, area size, and vegetation cover. The lateral overlap is not less than 70%, and the flight path overlap is not less than 80%. The changes in shadow and illumination caused by the solar altitude angle are avoided. The quality of the transmitted images is monitored in real time during the aerial survey. The flight speed is set according to the wind speed to ensure that the camera is accurately focused and the image is clear.

Images