A comprehensive protection method for binary geological structure road slope

Abstract

The application provides a comprehensive protection method for binary geological structure road slope, which comprises the following steps: excavating a binary geological slope with a reserved protection layer according to a designed slope ratio, arranging a slope platform at a soil-rock interface, constructing rock anchor rod holes extending in a vertical direction on the slope platform, inserting rock anchor rods matched with the rock anchor rod holes after cleaning the rock anchor rod holes, and pouring cement mortar, arranging a longitudinal drainage device and a longitudinal concrete retaining wall corresponding to the rock anchor rods on the slope platform, arranging the longitudinal drainage device between the longitudinal concrete retaining wall and a slope surface of the soil slope, and arranging the longitudinal drainage device to drain underground water of the soil slope, grading the protection layer of the soil slope along an extension direction of the slope surface of the soil slope, and constructing masonry and ecological protection to reduce exposure time of the slope surface and strength attenuation of the soil body. The application can reduce the amount of bedrock excavation, effectively drain underground water of the soil slope through the longitudinal drainage device, and ensure the overall stability of the slope.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of slope protection technology, and in particular to a comprehensive protection method for highway slopes with a binary geological structure. Background Technology

[0002] A dual-geological-structure slope refers to a slope composed of soil and bedrock, including alluvial soil + bedrock and residual soil + parent rock (such as red clay + carbonate rock, residual soil of igneous rock + moderately (slightly) weathered igneous rock, etc.). In general, the upper part of the slope exhibits soil-like characteristics, while the lower part exhibits rock characteristics, forming a "soft upper and hard lower" type slope.

[0003] Practice shows that these types of slopes are prone to collapse, deformation, and shallow landslides. Some special soil types, such as red clay, expansive soil, highly plastic soil, and near-overconsolidated soil, frequently experience repeated damage under wet-dry cycles, affecting the safe operation of highways. Expansive soil slopes, in particular, are often referred to as "engineering cancer." Therefore, for highway slopes with dual geological structures, a comprehensive protection principle combining retaining walls and slope protection should be adhered to. Currently, for dual-structure slopes, they are generally graded according to fixed slope heights (e.g., 8m or 10m), and the upper soil is protected using a framework of grass planting or anchor rods. While this approach can alleviate the problems of slope collapse, deformation, and shallow landslides to some extent, it presents two problems: first, groundwater at the soil-rock interface is difficult to effectively drain, affecting the long-term stability of the slope; second, once a landslide occurs, the soil will slide directly onto the roadway, seriously threatening driving safety.

[0004] In view of this, it is necessary to propose a comprehensive protection method for highway slopes with binary geological structures to solve or at least alleviate the above-mentioned defects. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The main objective of this invention is to provide a comprehensive protection method for highway slopes with binary geological structures, in order to solve the problems of existing binary structure slopes which are generally classified according to fixed slope height, and which use skeleton planting or skeleton anchor rod protection for the upper soil. These problems include the difficulty in effectively draining groundwater at the soil-rock interface, which affects the long-term stability of the slope, and the fact that once a landslide occurs, the soil will slide directly onto the roadway, seriously threatening driving safety.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, this invention provides a comprehensive protection method for highway slopes with a binary geological structure, comprising the following steps:

[0007] S1, excavate a binary geological slope with a pre-reserved protective layer according to the designed slope ratio, and set up a slope platform at the soil-rock interface; wherein, the binary geological slope includes a soil slope above the soil-rock interface and a bedrock slope below the soil-rock interface, and the soil-rock interface is obtained through prior survey.

[0008] S2, drilling rock anchor holes extending vertically on the slope platform;

[0009] S3, after cleaning the rock anchor drill hole, insert a rock anchor that matches the rock anchor drill hole and inject cement mortar;

[0010] S4, a longitudinal drainage device and a longitudinal concrete retaining wall corresponding to the rock anchor are installed on the slope platform; wherein, the longitudinal concrete retaining wall is located on the slope side of the slope platform near the soil slope, and the longitudinal drainage device is located between the longitudinal concrete retaining wall and the slope surface of the soil slope, and the longitudinal drainage device is used to drain the groundwater of the soil slope.

[0011] S5, along the slope extension direction of the soil slope, excavate the protective layer of the soil slope in stages and carry out masonry and ecological protection to reduce the slope exposure time and soil strength attenuation.

[0012] Preferably, the longitudinal drainage device includes a first drainage mechanism and a second drainage mechanism located below the first drainage mechanism; wherein, the first drainage mechanism is a gravel filter layer or a plate-type infiltration ditch, and the second drainage mechanism is a longitudinal blind ditch;

[0013] The longitudinal blind drain has a rectangular cross-section. The side of the longitudinal blind drain away from the longitudinal concrete retaining wall is the water-facing side and is covered with permeable geotextile. The side of the longitudinal blind drain close to the longitudinal concrete retaining wall is covered with waterproof geotextile. The top surface of the longitudinal blind drain is covered with permeable geotextile, and the bottom surface of the longitudinal blind drain is an impermeable concrete surface.

[0014] Preferably, the longitudinal drainage device further includes an inclined drain pipe pre-embedded in the longitudinal concrete retaining wall. The high end of the inclined drain pipe is inserted into the first drainage mechanism, and the low end of the inclined drain pipe extends diagonally downward from the high end to the surface of the longitudinal concrete retaining wall to discharge the groundwater corresponding to the second drainage mechanism.

[0015] Preferably, the longitudinal concrete retaining wall has a trapezoidal cross-section that is smaller at the top and larger at the bottom, and the top width of the longitudinal concrete retaining wall is greater than 1m, and the wall height is 2 to 3m.

[0016] Preferably, the ribs of the rock anchor are made of HRB400 hot-rolled ribbed steel bars with a diameter between 25 and 32 mm, and the depth of anchoring into the rock stratum is 1.5 to 2 m; the diameter of the rock anchor hole is not less than 75 mm, the depth of the rock anchor hole is 0.05 m longer than the rock anchor, and a 0.05 m gap is reserved between the bottom surface of the rock anchor and the bottom of the rock anchor hole.

[0017] Preferably, the length of the rock anchor extending into the longitudinal concrete retaining wall is proportional to the height of the longitudinal concrete retaining wall, and the length of the rock anchor extending into the longitudinal concrete retaining wall shall not be less than 0.5m.

[0018] Preferably, the rock anchor borehole is filled with cement mortar, with a water-cement ratio between 1:0.4 and 1:0.5.

[0019] Preferably, the rock anchors are arranged in rows of 3, with a horizontal spacing of 0.5m and a vertical spacing of 1 to 2m.

[0020] Preferably, the ecological protection adopts a framework of grass and shrubs or an anchored cable frame beam protection.

[0021] Preferably, the inclined drain pipe is a PVC pipe with a diameter of 100mm.

[0022] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0023] This invention provides a comprehensive protection method for highway slopes with a dual geological structure. The method involves excavating a dual geological slope with a pre-reserved protective layer according to the designed slope ratio, setting up a slope platform at the soil-rock interface, drilling vertically extending rock anchor holes on the slope platform, cleaning the rock anchor holes, inserting rock anchors that match the holes, and grouting with cement mortar. A longitudinal drainage device and a longitudinal concrete retaining wall corresponding to the rock anchors are then constructed on the slope platform. The longitudinal drainage device is located between the longitudinal concrete retaining wall and the slope surface of the soil slope, and is used to drain groundwater from the soil slope. The protective layer of the soil slope is excavated in stages along the slope surface extension direction, and masonry and ecological protection are constructed to reduce slope exposure time and soil strength attenuation. This invention places the slope platform at the soil-rock interface, which facilitates slope drainage. Generally, the permeability of soil and rock differs significantly, and the interface often serves as a drainage channel for groundwater. The drained groundwater is discharged through longitudinal blind drains. The longitudinal concrete retaining wall foundation uses vertical rock anchors, which facilitates direct construction of the longitudinal concrete retaining wall on the platform without foundation excavation. The rock anchors provide the longitudinal concrete retaining wall with anti-sliding and anti-overturning bearing capacity, ensuring the overall stability of the slope. By setting up the longitudinal concrete retaining wall, the toe of the soil slope is reinforced, enhancing the overall stability of the slope. Furthermore, the drainage filter layer installed inside the longitudinal concrete retaining wall facilitates the timely interception and drainage of groundwater within the slope. Attached Figure Description

[0024] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on the structures shown in these drawings without creative effort.

[0025] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating one embodiment of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 2 This is an application scenario diagram according to one embodiment of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the rock anchor arrangement in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the longitudinal concrete retaining wall arrangement in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 5 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of a longitudinal blind drain in one embodiment of the present invention.

[0030] The objectives, features, and advantages of this invention will be further explained in conjunction with the embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0031] Explanation of icon numbers:

[0032] 10. Binary geological slope; 110. Soil slope; 120. Bedrock slope; 130. Slope platform; 140. Rock anchor drilling; 20. Rock anchor; 30. Longitudinal drainage device; 310. First drainage mechanism; 320. Longitudinal blind ditch; 330. Permeable geotextile; 340. Waterproof geotextile; 350. Inclined drainage pipe; 40. Longitudinal concrete retaining wall. Detailed Implementation

[0033] It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.

[0034] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0035] It should be noted that all directional indications (such as up, down, left, right, front, back, etc.) in the embodiments of the present invention are only used to explain the relative positional relationship and movement of each component in a certain specific posture (as shown in the figure). If the specific posture changes, the directional indication will also change accordingly.

[0036] Furthermore, the use of terms such as "first" and "second" in this invention is for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying their relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, a feature defined with "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of those features. Additionally, the technical solutions of the various embodiments can be combined with each other, but only on the basis of being achievable by those skilled in the art. If the combination of technical solutions 1 is contradictory or cannot be implemented, such a combination of technical solutions should be considered non-existent and not within the scope of protection claimed by this invention.

[0037] Please see the appendix Figure 1-5 The present invention provides a comprehensive protection method for a highway slope with a binary geological structure, comprising the following steps:

[0038] S1. A binary geological slope 10 with a pre-reserved protective layer is excavated according to the designed slope ratio (the bedrock slope ratio is generally 1:0.5 to 1:1, and the soil slope ratio is generally 1:1 to 1:75). A slope platform 130 is set at the soil-rock interface. The soil-rock boundary is mainly defined by geological composition: the soil layer refers to the soil formed by colluvial, residual, and landslide deposits, as well as the completely weathered and strongly weathered layers of bedrock, while the moderately weathered and slightly weathered bedrock is called the rock layer; wherein, the binary geological slope 10 includes a soil slope 110 located above the soil-rock interface and a bedrock slope 120 located below the soil-rock interface. The soil-rock interface is obtained through prior survey.

[0039] S2, Constructing a rock anchor bolt borehole 140 extending vertically on the slope platform 130;

[0040] S3, after cleaning the rock anchor drill hole 140, insert the rock anchor 20 that matches the rock anchor drill hole 140, and inject cement mortar. Preferably, the strength of the cement mortar is not less than 30MPa.

[0041] S4, a longitudinal drainage device 30 and a longitudinal concrete retaining wall 40 corresponding to the rock anchor 20 are constructed on the slope platform 130; wherein, the longitudinal concrete retaining wall 40 is located on the slope side of the slope platform 130 near the soil slope 110, and the longitudinal drainage device 30 is located between the longitudinal concrete retaining wall 40 and the slope surface of the soil slope 110, and the longitudinal drainage device 30 is used to drain the groundwater of the soil slope 110; it should be noted that the rock anchor 20 and the rock anchor borehole 140 are matched, and the rock anchor 20 is installed in a suitable manner. The rock anchor 20 passes through the soil-rock interface from top to bottom. In a preferred embodiment, the rock anchor 20 is reinforced with HRB400 hot-rolled ribbed steel bars with a diameter between 25 and 32 mm, and anchored into the rock stratum to a depth of 1.5 to 2 m. The diameter of the rock anchor hole 140 is not less than 75 mm, and the depth of the rock anchor hole 140 is 0.05 m longer than the rock anchor 20. A 0.05 m gap is left between the bottom surface of the rock anchor 20 and the bottom of the rock anchor hole 140 to facilitate bonding between the bottom end of the rock anchor 20 and the cement mortar. This allows for direct construction of the longitudinal concrete retaining wall 40 on the platform without the need for foundation excavation. The rock anchor 20 provides the longitudinal concrete retaining wall 40 with anti-slip and anti-overturning bearing capacity, ensuring the overall stability of the slope.

[0042] In addition, it should be noted that the longitudinal concrete retaining wall 40 is located on the slope side of the slope platform 110 close to the soil slope, that is, the longitudinal concrete retaining wall 40 is set at the toe of the soil slope 110 to maximize the support of the soil slope 110 and improve the protection effect of the slope.

[0043] S5, along the slope extension direction of the soil slope 110, the protective layer of the soil slope 110 is excavated in stages and masonry and ecological protection are carried out to reduce the exposure time of the slope and the strength attenuation of the soil.

[0044] In this technical solution, the slope platform 130 is located at the soil-rock interface, which is beneficial for slope drainage. Generally, the permeability of soil and rock differs greatly, and their interface often serves as a drainage channel for groundwater in the slope. The drained groundwater is discharged into the slope through the longitudinal blind ditch 320. The foundation of the longitudinal concrete retaining wall 40 uses vertical rock anchors 20. This facilitates the direct construction of the longitudinal concrete retaining wall 40 on the platform without the need to excavate the bedrock. The rock anchors 20 provide the longitudinal concrete retaining wall 40 with anti-sliding and anti-overturning bearing capacity, ensuring the overall stability of the slope. By setting up the longitudinal concrete retaining wall 40, the toe of the soil slope can be reinforced, enhancing the overall stability of the slope. The drainage filter layer set inside the longitudinal concrete retaining wall 40 facilitates the timely interception and drainage of groundwater within the slope.

[0045] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the longitudinal drainage device 30 includes a first drainage mechanism 310 and a second drainage mechanism (not shown) located below the first drainage mechanism 310; wherein, the first drainage mechanism 310 is a gravel filter layer or a plate-type seepage ditch, and the second drainage mechanism is a longitudinal blind ditch 320; wherein, the longitudinal blind ditch 320 has a rectangular cross-section, the side of the longitudinal blind ditch 320 near the slope is the water-facing side and is covered with a permeable geotextile 330, the side of the longitudinal blind ditch 320 near the longitudinal concrete retaining wall 40 is covered with a waterproof geotextile 340, the top surface of the longitudinal blind ditch 320 is covered with a permeable geotextile 330, and the bottom surface of the longitudinal blind ditch 320 is an impermeable concrete surface.

[0046] It should be noted that this application sets the slope platform 130 at the soil-rock interface. On the one hand, this is conducive to slope drainage, and the groundwater in the slope body can be discharged in time to alleviate the looseness of the soil. As those skilled in the art can understand, the permeability of soil and rock is generally different. The soil-rock interface is often the drainage channel for groundwater in the slope. The discharged groundwater can enter the second drainage mechanism (longitudinal blind ditch 320) through the first drainage mechanism 310 (gravel filter layer or plate seepage ditch) and be discharged directly from the slope body through the longitudinal blind ditch 320.

[0047] Specifically, the longitudinal blind drain 320 has a rectangular cross-section. Those skilled in the art can also configure it in other forms as needed. The side of the longitudinal blind drain 320 closest to the slope is the water-facing side and is covered with a permeable geotextile 330. The permeable geotextile 330 has gaps between its fibers, thus providing good water permeability. The side of the longitudinal blind drain 320 closest to the longitudinal concrete retaining wall 40 is covered with a waterproof geotextile 340. By using the waterproof geotextile 340, groundwater can be prevented from entering the longitudinal concrete retaining wall 40, improving the structural stability of the longitudinal concrete retaining wall 40. Furthermore, it can restrict the flow direction of groundwater, allowing it to drain only through the specific direction set by the blind drain, thus improving drainage effectiveness. The top surface of the longitudinal blind ditch 320 is covered with a permeable geotextile 330, which allows groundwater intercepted in the first drainage mechanism 310 to enter the longitudinal blind ditch 320 through the permeable geotextile 330. Then, the longitudinal blind ditch 320 extends longitudinally along the slope to the drainage ditch at a lower position for discharge. The bottom surface of the longitudinal blind ditch 320 is an impermeable concrete surface, thereby ensuring that the groundwater in the longitudinal blind ditch 320 is discharged longitudinally, minimizing the occurrence of slopes such as expansive soil slopes.

[0048] In a preferred embodiment, the longitudinal drainage device 30 further includes an inclined drain pipe 350 pre-embedded in the longitudinal concrete retaining wall 40. The high end of the inclined drain pipe 350 is inserted into the first drainage mechanism 310, and the low end of the inclined drain pipe 350 extends laterally and obliquely downward from the high end to the surface of the longitudinal concrete retaining wall 40 to discharge the groundwater corresponding to the second drainage mechanism. It is worth noting that in this embodiment, the inclined drainage pipe 350 is pre-embedded in the longitudinal concrete retaining wall 40. The high end of the inclined drainage pipe 350 is inserted into the first drainage mechanism 310, and the low end of the inclined drainage pipe 350 extends diagonally downward from the high end to the surface of the longitudinal concrete retaining wall 40. It is easy to understand that the second drainage mechanism, namely the gravel filter layer or the plate seepage ditch, can intercept and drain the groundwater in the soil slope in a timely manner. In other words, most of the groundwater in the slope corresponding to the second drainage mechanism can be discharged through the inclined drainage pipe 350, and the other part of the groundwater is discharged through the blind ditch located below the second drainage mechanism, thereby improving the slope protection effect.

[0049] As an optional implementation, the longitudinal concrete retaining wall 40 has a trapezoidal cross-section that is smaller at the top and larger at the bottom, and the top width of the longitudinal concrete retaining wall 40 is greater than 1m, and the wall height is 2 to 3m.

[0050] Furthermore, the length of the rock anchor 20 extending into the longitudinal concrete retaining wall 40 is proportional to the height of the longitudinal concrete retaining wall 40, and the length of the rock anchor 20 extending into the longitudinal concrete retaining wall 40 shall not be less than 0.5m. It is worth noting that the rock anchor 20 provides the longitudinal concrete retaining wall 40 with anti-slip and anti-overturning bearing capacity. To ensure that the rock anchor 20 possesses the anti-slip and anti-overturning bearing capacity required by the project, in this embodiment, the length of the rock anchor 20 extending into the longitudinal concrete retaining wall 40 shall not be less than 0.5m, and varies with the height of the longitudinal concrete retaining wall 40. In other embodiments, the quantitative relationship between the length of the rock anchor 20 extending into the longitudinal concrete retaining wall 40 and the height of the longitudinal concrete retaining wall 40 can also take other forms, including but not limited to a directly proportional relationship.

[0051] Furthermore, the rock anchor borehole 140 is filled with cement mortar, the water-cement ratio of which is between 1:0.4 and 1:0.5, and the strength is not less than 30 MPa.

[0052] Furthermore, each row of the rock anchor bolts 20 consists of 3 bolts, with a lateral spacing of 0.5m and a longitudinal spacing of 1-2m. The distance and number of rock anchor bolts 20 in this embodiment are merely a specific example; in other embodiments, the number and spacing can be adapted as needed.

[0053] Furthermore, the ecological protection adopts a framework of grass and shrubs or anchor (cable) frame beams. That is, the slope of the soil part can be protected by a framework of grass and shrubs or anchor (cable) frame beams. When excavating the slope, a protective layer should be laid. After the protective layer is excavated in stages, protective measures should be implemented immediately to reduce the exposure time of the slope surface and the strength decay of the soil.

[0054] Furthermore, the inclined drain pipe 350 is a PVC pipe with a diameter of 100mm. It is understood that in other embodiments, the diameter and material of the inclined drain pipe 350 can be set to other forms as needed.

[0055] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and do not limit the scope of the patent. Any equivalent structural or procedural transformations made based on the description and drawings of the present invention, or direct or indirect applications in other related technical fields, are similarly included within the scope of patent protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A comprehensive protection method for binary geological structure highway side slope, characterized in that, Including the following steps: S1, excavate a binary geological slope with a pre-reserved protective layer according to the designed slope ratio, and set up a slope platform at the soil-rock interface; wherein, the binary geological slope includes a soil slope above the soil-rock interface and a bedrock slope below the soil-rock interface, and the soil-rock interface is obtained through prior survey. S2, drilling rock anchor holes extending vertically on the slope platform; S3, after cleaning the rock anchor drill hole, insert a rock anchor that matches the rock anchor drill hole and inject cement mortar; S4, a longitudinal drainage device and a longitudinal concrete retaining wall corresponding to the rock anchor are installed on the slope platform; wherein, the longitudinal concrete retaining wall is located on the slope side of the slope platform near the soil slope, and the longitudinal drainage device is located between the longitudinal concrete retaining wall and the slope surface of the soil slope, and the longitudinal drainage device is used to drain the groundwater of the soil slope. S5, along the slope extension direction of the soil slope, excavate the protective layer of the soil slope in stages and carry out masonry and ecological protection to reduce the slope exposure time and soil strength attenuation. The longitudinal drainage device includes a first drainage mechanism and a second drainage mechanism located below the first drainage mechanism; wherein the first drainage mechanism is a gravel filter layer or a plate-type seepage ditch, and the second drainage mechanism is a longitudinal blind ditch; wherein the longitudinal blind ditch has a rectangular cross-section, the side of the longitudinal blind ditch away from the longitudinal concrete retaining wall is the water-facing side and is covered with permeable geotextile, the side of the longitudinal blind ditch close to the longitudinal concrete retaining wall is covered with waterproof geotextile, the top surface of the longitudinal blind ditch is covered with permeable geotextile, and the bottom surface of the longitudinal blind ditch is an impermeable concrete surface.

2. The comprehensive protection method for highway slopes with binary geological structures according to claim 1, characterized in that, The longitudinal drainage device also includes an inclined drain pipe pre-embedded in the longitudinal concrete retaining wall. The high end of the inclined drain pipe is inserted into the first drainage mechanism, and the low end of the inclined drain pipe extends diagonally downward from the high end to the surface of the longitudinal concrete retaining wall to drain the groundwater corresponding to the first drainage mechanism.

3. The comprehensive protection method for highway slopes with binary geological structures according to claim 1, characterized in that, The longitudinal concrete retaining wall has a trapezoidal cross-section that is smaller at the top and larger at the bottom. The top width of the longitudinal concrete retaining wall is greater than 1m, and the wall height is 2-3m.

4. The comprehensive protection method for highway slopes with binary geological structures according to claim 1, characterized in that, The rock anchor rod is made of HRB400 hot-rolled ribbed steel bars with a diameter between 25 and 32 mm, and is anchored into the rock stratum to a depth of 1.5 to 2 m. The diameter of the rock anchor rod hole is not less than 75 mm, the depth of the rock anchor rod hole is 0.05 m longer than the rock anchor rod, and a 0.05 m gap is reserved between the bottom surface of the rock anchor rod and the bottom of the rock anchor rod hole.

5. The comprehensive protection method for highway slopes with binary geological structures according to claim 4, characterized in that, The length of the rock anchor extending into the longitudinal concrete retaining wall is proportional to the height of the longitudinal concrete retaining wall, and the length of the rock anchor extending into the longitudinal concrete retaining wall shall not be less than 0.5m.

6. The comprehensive protection method for highway slopes with binary geological structures according to claim 1, characterized in that, The rock anchor boreholes are filled with cement mortar, with a water-cement ratio between 1:0.4 and 1:0.

5.

7. The comprehensive protection method for highway slopes with binary geological structures according to claim 1, characterized in that, The rock anchors are arranged in rows of 3, with a horizontal spacing of 0.5m and a vertical spacing of 1 to 2m.

8. The comprehensive protection method for highway slopes with binary geological structures according to claim 1, characterized in that, The ecological protection measures employ either a framework of grass and shrubs or an anchored cable frame beam.

9. The comprehensive protection method for highway slopes with binary geological structures according to claim 2, characterized in that, The inclined drain pipe is a PVC pipe with a diameter of 100mm.

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