Controlled source excitation method, method and apparatus for determining the priority of controlled source excitation

Abstract

This invention discloses a controllable seismic source excitation method, a method and apparatus for determining priority excitation sources for controllable seismic sources. The method includes: determining the sources to be excited from all current controllable seismic sources; comparing the excitation index of each source to be excited with the smallest excitation index among the sources to be excited, and determining the source to be excited whose difference is less than a preset expected uniformity index as the priority excitation source; the excitation index represents the number of times the controllable seismic source can be excited; and selecting one of the priority excitation sources for the next excitation. This invention ensures the uniformity of seismic source excitation, automatically adjusts the production schedule based on the number of excitations, avoids waiting time due to non-fault factors, and results in higher overall construction efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of geophysical exploration data processing technology, and in particular to a method for controlling the excitation of seismic sources, a method and apparatus for determining the priority of controlling the excitation of seismic sources. Background Technology

[0002] In recent years, controlled-source high-efficiency acquisition technology has developed rapidly and been widely applied in practice. Its development has progressed through various high-efficiency acquisition methods, including alternating scanning, sliding scanning, distance-separated synchronous excitation (DS3), distance-separated synchronous sliding scanning (DS4), dynamic sliding scanning, independent synchronous excitation, and ultra-efficient aliasing acquisition. These controlled-source high-efficiency acquisition methods all revolve around the constraints of "space" and "time" to improve productivity. Here, space refers to the distance D between controlled sources, and time refers to the sliding time T between controlled sources (i.e., the time interval between the start of vibration of the controlled sources).

[0003] If only the reduction of sliding time is considered to improve production efficiency, then mutual interference between seismic data will result in a deterioration in seismic data quality, ranging from no interference to slight interference, moderate interference, and even data aliasing. Although techniques such as harmonic interference suppression, adjacent shot interference suppression, and aliasing data separation have emerged to address these issues, it is not always better for T to be as small as possible. These techniques also have their own applicable conditions and can damage the effective data to some extent. On the other hand, in order to pursue seismic data quality, adjusting the spacing D of the controllable seismic sources can effectively reduce interference and improve data quality. However, in actual production, D cannot be unlimited in size. In order to balance efficiency and quality, finding a suitable and effective TD rule to ensure the balance between production efficiency and data quality is a hot research issue in this field. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The inventors of this invention have discovered that existing technology has developed corresponding software based on TD rules for controlling the production operation of seismic sources. However, the excitation method of the seismic sources provided by this software has a major drawback—uneven excitation. Controllable seismic sources that are far apart are excited many times, while controllable seismic sources that are in the middle of the distribution are excited less often, or even not excited for a long time. In order to arrange and deploy the seismic sources, the faster-exciting seismic sources will wait for the slower-exciting seismic sources for a long time, wasting effective production time. Simply put, it leads to an uneven production progress, thereby affecting the overall operation efficiency.

[0005] In view of the above problems, the present invention is proposed to provide a controllable source excitation method, a method and apparatus for determining the priority of excitation of controllable sources, in order to overcome or at least partially solve the above problems.

[0006] In a first aspect, embodiments of the present invention provide a method for achieving controllable seismic source excitation, comprising:

[0007] Identify the potential source among all currently controllable seismic sources;

[0008] The excitation index of each source to be excited is compared with the smallest excitation index among the sources to be excited, and the source to be excited whose difference is less than the preset expected uniformity index is the priority source to be excited; the excitation index represents the number of times the controllable source is excited.

[0009] Select one of the preferred excitation sources for the next excitation.

[0010] Furthermore, identify the potential sources of excitation among all currently controllable seismic sources, including:

[0011] Identify the constraint source among all currently controllable seismic sources; the constraint source is a controllable seismic source whose time interval t between the current moment and the last seismic initiation moment is less than a preset zero constraint time.

[0012] The controllable seismic source that is in a normal, unexcited state, excluding the constrained source, is identified as the source to be excited.

[0013] Furthermore, the information of the source to be excited is stored in a loop pool, and the method further includes:

[0014] Information about unconstrained sources in the state of being to be excited is placed into the circulation pool;

[0015] If the source to be excited is excited, the information of the source to be excited is automatically deleted from the circulation pool;

[0016] If the source to be excited malfunctions, the information of the malfunctioning source to be excited will be deleted from the circulation pool in the next cycle.

[0017] Furthermore, the zero-constraint time is determined in the following manner:

[0018] Based on a preset time-distance (TD) rule function, determine the maximum sliding time within the TD rule function;

[0019] The maximum sliding time is taken as the zero-constraint time;

[0020] The TD rule includes at least one straight line or curve representing an inverse correlation between time and distance.

[0021] Furthermore, if the number of priority excitation sources is greater than 1, then one of the priority excitation sources is selected for the next excitation, specifically including:

[0022] According to the final actual slip time between each priority-activated source to be activated and each constraint source, and / or the sum of distances between each priority-activated source to be activated and all constraint sources, selecting, from among the priority-activated sources to be activated, the source to be activated with the shortest final actual slip time and / or the shortest sum of distances as the vibroseis to be activated next time.

[0023] Further, the final actual slip time between each source to be activated and each constraint source is determined in the following manner:

[0024] determining a first matrix of distances between each source to be activated and each constraint source;

[0025] according to a preset time-distance (TD) rule and the distances contained in the first matrix, determining a theoretical slip time between each source to be activated and each constraint source, and obtaining a second matrix;

[0026] converting the theoretical slip time in the second matrix into a corresponding actual slip time according to the constraint duration t of the constraint source at the current moment, and obtaining a third matrix;

[0027] determining the maximum value of the actual slip time between each source to be activated and all constraint sources, and taking the maximum value of the actual slip time as the final actual slip time of the source to be activated relative to all constraint sources.

[0028] Further, converting the theoretical slip time in the second matrix into the corresponding actual slip time according to the constraint duration t of the constraint source at the current moment specifically comprises:

[0029] if T≥t, taking T-t as the converted actual slip time;

[0030] if T<t, taking 0 as the converted actual slip time;

[0031] wherein T is the theoretical slip time, and t is the constraint duration of the constraint source; the constraint duration is equal to the time interval from the current moment to the last activation time.

[0032] Further, the sum of distances between each source to be activated and all constraint sources is obtained in the following manner:

[0033] calculating the distance from each source to be activated to all constraint sources respectively;

[0034] summing the distances from each source to be activated to all constraint sources to obtain the sum of distances between each source to be activated and all constraint sources.

[0035] Further, after activating the source to be activated, the method further comprises:

[0036] increasing the activation index of the activated source to be activated by 1.

[0037] Secondly, embodiments of the present invention provide a method for determining a controllable seismic source that is preferentially excited, comprising:

[0038] Identify the potential source among all currently controllable seismic sources;

[0039] The excitation index of each source to be excited is compared with the smallest excitation index among the sources to be excited, and the source to be excited whose difference is less than the preset expected uniformity index is the source to be excited first; the excitation index represents the number of times the controllable source is excited.

[0040] Thirdly, embodiments of the present invention provide an excitation device for a controllable vibration source, comprising:

[0041] The module for determining the source to be excited is used to determine the source to be excited among all currently controllable seismic sources;

[0042] The priority excitation determination module is used to compare the excitation index of each source to be excited with the minimum excitation index among the sources to be excited. The source to be excited with a difference less than the preset expected uniformity index is the source to be excited with priority. The excitation index represents the number of times the controllable source is excited.

[0043] The selection module is used to select one of the preferred excitation sources from the list of excitation sources to be excited.

[0044] The excitation module is used to excite the source to be excited selected by the selection module for the next time.

[0045] Furthermore, the selection module is specifically used to select the excitation source with the shortest final actual sliding time and / or the shortest distance from each of the priority excitation sources to be excited as the controllable vibration source for the next excitation, based on the final actual sliding time between each priority excitation source and each constraint source, and / or the sum of the distances between each priority excitation source and all constraint sources.

[0046] Fourthly, embodiments of the present invention provide an apparatus for determining a controllable vibration source to be preferentially excited, comprising:

[0047] The module for determining the source to be excited is used to determine the source to be excited among all currently controllable seismic sources;

[0048] The priority excitation determination module is used to compare the excitation index of each source to be excited with the minimum excitation index among the sources to be excited. The source to be excited with a difference less than the preset expected uniformity index is the source to be excited with priority. The excitation index represents the number of times the controllable source can be excited.

[0049] Fifthly, embodiments of the present invention provide a computer device, including a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor. When the processor executes the computer program, it implements the controllable source excitation method described above, or the method for determining a controllable source to be excited preferentially as described above.

[0050] In a sixth aspect, embodiments of the present invention provide a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the controllable source excitation method as described above, or the method for determining a controllable source to be preferentially excited as described above.

[0051] In a seventh aspect, embodiments of the present invention provide a computer program product, the computer program product including a computer program, which, when executed by a processor, implements the controllable source excitation method as described above, or the method for determining a controllable source to be excited preferentially as described above.

[0052] The beneficial effects of the above-described technical solutions provided in the embodiments of the present invention include at least the following:

[0053] To address the problem of uneven excitation in existing controlled seismic source operation methods, the inventors of this invention have created a new high-efficiency excitation mode for controlled seismic sources. The improved operation method counts the number of excitations of all controlled seismic sources, giving higher priority to those with fewer excitations. This ensures the uniformity of seismic source excitation and automatically adjusts the production schedule based on the number of excitations, avoiding waiting time due to non-fault factors and resulting in higher overall construction efficiency.

[0054] When the number of controllable seismic sources with high priority is greater than 1, the present invention also selects the controllable seismic source for the next excitation based on the principles of shortest sliding time and shortest distance, thus better balancing the relationship between production efficiency and seismic data quality.

[0055] Other features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and will be apparent in part from the description, or may be learned by practicing the invention. The objects and other advantages of the invention may be realized and obtained by means of the structures particularly pointed out in the written description, claims, and drawings.

[0056] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. Attached Figure Description

[0057] The accompanying drawings are provided to further illustrate the invention and form part of the specification. They are used in conjunction with embodiments of the invention to explain the invention and do not constitute a limitation thereof. In the drawings:

[0058] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the controllable seismic source excitation method in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0059] Figure 2 This is an example curve diagram of the TD rule in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0060] Figure 3A This is a comparison chart showing the firing results of simulating firing 10,000 shots in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0061] Figure 3B A comparative chart showing the firing results of simulating firing 24,000 shots in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0062] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the push-pull observation system in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0063] Figure 5 This is a controllable seismic source distribution diagram in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0064] Figure 6 The following are statistical results of sliding time, vibration initiation time, etc., for 100 excitations in this embodiment of the invention.

[0065] Figure 7 This is the statistical result of the excitation uniformity of 100 excitations in the embodiment of the present invention;

[0066] Figure 8 This is a flowchart of a method for determining a controllable seismic source to be preferentially excited in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0067] Figure 9 This is a structural block diagram of the excitation realization device of the controllable vibration source in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0068] Figure 10 This is a structural block diagram of a device for determining a controllable vibration source to be preferentially excited in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0069] Exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will now be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. While exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the present disclosure may be implemented in various forms and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the disclosure to those skilled in the art.

[0070] To address the problem of uneven excitation in existing controlled seismic source operation methods, the inventors of this invention have created a new excitation mode for controlled seismic sources, ensuring uniform and efficient operation. The improved operation method counts the number of excitations for all controlled seismic sources, giving higher priority to sources with fewer excitations. This ensures the uniformity of seismic source excitation and automatically adjusts the production schedule based on the number of excitations, avoiding waiting time due to non-fault factors and resulting in higher overall construction efficiency.

[0071] Reference Figure 1 As shown, the controllable seismic source excitation method provided in this embodiment of the invention includes the following steps:

[0072] S11. Identify the source to be excited among all currently controllable seismic sources;

[0073] S12. Compare the excitation index of each source to be excited with the smallest excitation index among the sources to be excited, and determine the source to be excited whose difference is less than the preset expected uniformity index as the priority source to be excited; the excitation index represents the number of times the controllable source is excited.

[0074] S13. Select one of the preferred excitation sources for the next excitation.

[0075] According to the rules of TD, the sliding time between controllable sources is inversely related to the distance between controllable sources. If any controllable source has a time interval greater than or equal to a certain time value from the last start of the seismic event, then this controllable source does not have the constraints of TD rules for any other controllable source. In this case, this time value is defined as the zero constraint time of the controllable source.

[0076] From the function curve of the TD rule, the zero-constraint time is the maximum slip time between two controllable sources. The function of the TD rule contains at least one straight line or curve that represents the inverse relationship between time and distance.

[0077] An example of a function curve for a TD rule is shown below. Figure 2 As shown, Figure 2 In this study, when the straight-line distance (D) between two controllable seismic sources is less than or equal to 2 km, the sliding time is 18 s; when the distance is greater than 2 km but less than or equal to 6 km, the sliding time (T) is 18–5 s (D and T show a linear relationship); when the distance is greater than 6 km but less than or equal to 12 km, the sliding time (T) is 5–0 s (D and T show a linear relationship); and when the distance is greater than 12 km, the sliding time is 0 s. Figure 2It can be deduced that if any controllable seismic source has a time interval of 18 seconds or more between its last initiation and its final initiation, then that controllable seismic source does not have TD rule constraints for any other controllable seismic source. This 18 seconds is defined as the zero-constraint time T0 for that controllable seismic source.

[0078] Figure 2 The example shown is merely one instance of a TD rule. In practice, different TD rules may be applicable to different production scenarios. For example, the function of a TD rule may contain more line segments. Figure 2 As shown, the slopes are also different, and the ranges of distance and time are also different. All kinds of TD rules that generally conform to the inverse correlation between time and distance are within the protection scope of the embodiments of the present invention.

[0079] In step S11 above, the source to be excited in the current controllable seismic source is determined. This can be done by identifying the constrained source in the current controllable seismic source. Specifically, if the time interval t between the current time of a certain controllable seismic source and its last initiation is calculated, if t satisfies a condition greater than or equal to T0 (e.g., ... Figure 2 If t is less than T0, then the controllable seismic source is an unconstrained source. If t is less than T0, then it is a constrained source. In this case, t is called the constraint duration of the constrained source.

[0080] Not all unconstrained sources can be successfully excited. For example, some constrained sources may be faulty or in a shutdown state and cannot be in the ready state (i.e., the state where the controllable source has arrived at the excitation position, dropped the plate, and is waiting for the excitation command). Therefore, only unconstrained sources in the normal ready state are the sources to be excited.

[0081] To facilitate calculation, in this embodiment of the invention, a dynamic circulating pool is established for the excitation source that participates in the excitation and is in the Ready state.

[0082] Only information from unconstrained controllable seismic sources in the ready state can enter the dynamic circulation pool. After excitation is complete, the information of the controllable seismic source is automatically deleted from the circulation pool until a ready signal is sent again. If the source to be excited malfunctions, the information of the malfunctioning source will be deleted from the circulation pool the next time. This threshold is set to prevent the failure or shutdown of the controllable seismic source from affecting the normal excitation cycle, thus eliminating controllable seismic sources that cannot be excited normally.

[0083] The dynamic management rules for the circulation pool are as follows: Controllable seismic sources in the ready state automatically enter and automatically exit after excitation is complete. If a controllable seismic source malfunctions after entering the ready state, it will waste one excitation cycle, with a delay of one sliding time, before exiting without affecting subsequent excitation cycles. All controllable seismic sources in the dynamic circulation pool are sources to be excited.

[0084] In step S12 above, the excitation index of the source to be excited is compared with the smallest excitation index among the sources to be excited, and the difference is calculated. If the difference is less than the preset expected uniformity index, the source to be excited is determined to be the preferred source to be excited.

[0085] The trigger index is a count of the number of triggers. The initial trigger index number is 0. Each time a trigger occurs, the value of the trigger index increases by 1, and this increase is cumulative.

[0086] The difference between the excitation index and the minimum excitation index of a source group is called the progress index, and the largest progress index is called the uniformity index (i.e., the difference between the highest and lowest excitation counts). The smaller the uniformity index, the higher the uniformity of the controlled source excitation.

[0087] If all sources to be excited are grouped together, and the progress difference between groups is no greater than a preset expected value, it is considered uniform excitation. This value is the expected uniformity index. The expected uniformity index is generally determined based on actual production conditions.

[0088] In this embodiment of the invention, the purpose of introducing an excitation index is to consider the uniformity of excitation and adjust the difference in the rate of cyclic excitation of seismic sources to improve production efficiency. The purpose of introducing a uniformity index is to ensure both uniformity and efficiency, with seismic sources whose excitation frequency difference is less than the desired uniformity index having the same priority.

[0089] For example, if there are 6 sources to be excited in the group and the initial index number is 0, and the expected uniformity index is 40, (v1[0], v2[0], v3[0], v4[0], v5[0], v6[0]), if v1 is excited first, then the index of v1 is increased by 1 and it is placed at the end of the sequence. Since the uniformity index is less than the expected uniformity index, these 6 sources to be excited have the same priority.

[0090] After several excitations, the excitation indices of each source to be excited are as follows: (v1

[100] , v2

[100] , v3

[130] , v4

[120] , v5

[145] , v6

[150] ). From the index numbers of each source to be excited, it can be seen that the excitation indices v5 and v6 are progressing faster, exceeding the expected uniformity index of 40, thus their excitation priority is low. That is, the sources to be excited with excitation indices v1, v2, v3, and v4 have the same highest priority in the next excitation.

[0091] The controllable seismic source excitation method provided in this invention employs a new operating mode to ensure uniform and efficient operation of the controllable seismic source. This new operating mode counts the number of excitations of all controllable seismic sources, giving higher priority to those with fewer excitations (sources to be excited). This ensures the uniformity of seismic source excitation, automatically adjusts the production schedule based on the number of excitations, avoids waiting time due to non-fault factors, and results in higher overall construction efficiency.

[0092] If there are multiple excitation sources selected in step S12, one of them needs to be selected as the excitation source for the next excitation in step S13 above.

[0093] Furthermore, based on the principle that shorter sliding time and distance are preferred, the source to be excited next time is selected.

[0094] Specifically, based on the final actual sliding time between each of the priority excitation sources and each constraint source, and / or the sum of the distances between each priority excitation source and all constraint sources, the excitation source with the shortest final actual sliding time and / or the shortest sum of distances is selected as the controllable source for the next excitation. The straight-line distance between any two controllable sources is denoted as D, and the sliding time required for excitation is denoted as T.

[0095] For ease of explanation, let's take the current calculation process as an example, where the constraint source group is: constraint source 1, constraint source 2, constraint source 3, and the sources to be excited are: source to be excited 1, source to be excited 2, source to be excited 3, and source to be excited 4.

[0096] 1) Determine the first matrix of distances between the sources to be excited and each constrained source;

[0097] In this first matrix, the preferred sources to be excited obtained in step S12 are arranged in columns, and the constraint sources are arranged in rows.

[0098] Calculate the distance D (two-dimensional matrix) between all sources to be excited and all constrained sources, as shown in Table 1 below.

[0099] Table 1

[0100]

[0101] Where D 11 D represents the distance between constraint source 1 and the source to be excited 1; 43 This represents the distance between constraint source 3 and the source 4 to be excited. The meanings of other parameters are similar.

[0102] 2) Determining the theoretical moveout between each source to be activated and each constraint source by means of preset TD rules and the distances contained in the first matrix, to obtain a second matrix;

[0103] The matrix of theoretical moveout refers to Table 2 below.

[0104] Table 2

[0105]

[0106] T 11理 represents the theoretical moveout between constraint source 1 and source to be activated 1. The meanings of other parameters can be deduced by analogy.

[0107] 3) Converting the theoretical moveout in the second matrix into corresponding actual moveout according to the constraint duration t of the constraint sources at the current moment, to obtain a third matrix;

[0108] Setting the constraint duration of each constraint source as t, if T≥t, then T-t is the actual moveout; if T<t, the actual moveout is 0. The actual moveout of all sources to be activated and constraint sources form a two-dimensional matrix, that is, the third matrix.

[0109] The content of the third matrix can refer to Table 3 below:

[0110]

[0111] 4) Determining the maximum value of actual moveout between each source to be activated and all constraint sources, and taking the maximum actual moveout as the final actual moveout between the source to be activated and all constraint sources.

[0112] The precondition for each source to be activated to be activatable is that it can meet the TD rule restrictions of all constraint sources, that is, finding the maximum moveout between each source to be activated and all constraint sources. In other words, the maximum value of each column vector in Table 3 above is the final actual moveout of each source to be activated.

[0113] Taking Table 3 as an example, for source to be activated 1, its final actual moveout is T 11实 , T 21实 and T 31实 , the maximum value among them, that is, max(T 11实 , T 21实 , T 31实 ) is taken as the final actual moveout of source to be activated 1. The situations of source to be activated 2 and source to be activated 3 are similar to this. Thus, the final actual moveout corresponding to each source to be activated can be determined.

[0114] All the final actual sliding times form a column vector, and the source to be excited with the shortest final actual sliding time is then found as the controllable source for the next excitation.

[0115] If there are multiple sources with the shortest final sliding time, then, based on the method of distance sum, the source with the shortest distance sum is selected as the controllable source for the next excitation.

[0116] Specifically, this involves calculating the distance between each source to be excited and all constrained sources.

[0117] The sum of the distances between each source to be excited and all the constraint sources is obtained by summing the distances between each source to be excited and all the constraint sources.

[0118] In this embodiment of the invention, the shortest final actual sliding time or the minimum sum of the distances between the constraint sources can also be used as the criterion for selecting the controllable source for the next excitation, which will not be elaborated here.

[0119] Experiments showed that a total of 24,000 shots were simulated. To compare the uniformity of the firing process, it was necessary to verify the uniformity characteristics during firing. The results of firing 10,000 shots were verified, referring to... Figure 3A As shown, the left table presents the excitation results using the existing technology method, while the right table presents the excitation results using the method provided in this embodiment of the invention. It was found that the uniformity of excitation using the existing technology method is extremely poor, with the source achieving the most excitations reaching 834 times, while the source with the fewest excitations only reached 138 times, resulting in a uniformity index of 696. When using the controllable source excitation method provided in this embodiment of the invention for uniform excitation, the number of excitations reaches a maximum of 431, while the minimum is 391, resulting in a uniformity index of 40. A smaller uniformity index indicates better uniformity. Therefore, uniform excitation exhibits significantly better uniformity than efficient priority excitation.

[0120] Statistical analysis after completing 24,000 firing simulations showed that the average firing time for simulating one firing in existing technologies is 2.86 seconds, while the average firing time for simulating one firing using the method of this invention is 2.30 seconds. Figure 3B As shown, the small table on the left presents the results using existing excitation methods, while the small table on the right presents the results using the excitation method of this invention. Figure 3B In the figure, fleet# represents the number of the controllable seismic source. Therefore, the uniform excitation method provided by the embodiments of the present invention has advantages over the prior art, not only in terms of better uniformity but also in terms of higher efficiency.

[0121] Let's illustrate this with a specific example:

[0122] This example utilizes the aforementioned controllable seismic source excitation to achieve efficient and uniform excitation. Assume the controllable seismic sources are numbered v1-v24.

[0123] For easier explanation, the source to be excited selected by uniform index based on the excitation index is called the highest priority source to be excited; when the number of the highest priority sources to be excited is greater than 1, the source to be excited is further selected according to the principle of short sliding time and short distance.

[0124] First round of optimization:

[0125] Determine the TD rule: The TD rule is as follows Figure 2 As shown, the push-pull observation system is as follows Figure 4 As shown. The distribution of controllable seismic sources is as follows. Figure 5 As shown, there are a total of 24 controllable seismic sources in two rows, with a row spacing of 6km and a spacing of 2km between the controllable seismic sources in each row.

[0126] Determine the constrained source and the source to be excited: Before production begins, all controllable vibration sources are not constrained sources, that is, the first round of calculations has no constrained sources, and all controllable vibration sources are sources to be excited.

[0127] Determine the highest priority source to be excited: For ease of calculation, first determine the expected uniformity index as 2. At this time, there is no constrained source, and it is not necessary to calculate which controllable source needs to be excited first. Then, v1 is specified to be excited first. Then, the index of v1 is increased by 1 to become v1[1], and the others are all 0 (such as v2[0]).

[0128] Cyclic Excitation: This round of optimization ends, and the next round of excitation optimization begins.

[0129] Second round of optimization:

[0130] Determine the TD rules: Same as in Round 1 above.

[0131] Determine the constrained source and the source to be excited: At this point, only v1 is the constrained source. All other controllable sources besides v1 are the sources to be excited.

[0132] Determine the highest priority source to be activated: During this activation, the progress index of all sources to be activated is 0 and is less than the expected uniform index of 40. Therefore, all sources to be activated have the same priority.

[0133] Since there is more than one source to be excited, we need to continue selecting the final source to be excited. At this point, we calculate the straight-line distance D between the sources v2, v3, v4, ..., v24 and the constraint source v1. Then, according to the TD rule, we calculate the sliding time T[18,12,6,...,0] between v2, v3, v4, ..., v24 and v1. Since the constraint duration t of v1 is 0, Tt is the actual sliding time between v2, v3, v4, ..., v24 and v1. Since there is only one constraint source v1, the maximum value of the actual sliding time, max(Tt), is (Tt) itself. Further, we find min(max(Tt)), and discover that there are 12 zeros in all max(Tt), meaning the minimum value is not unique. Then, we calculate according to the principle of minimum distance sum (i.e., most economical), and find that the shortest distance between v7 and v1 is 12km. Therefore, we select v7 as the final source to be excited, and the index of v7 is increased by 1.

[0134] Cyclic Excitation: This round of optimization ends, and the next round of excitation optimization begins.

[0135] ...

[0136] Round 21 Optimization:

[0137] Determine the TD rule: Same as above;

[0138] Determine the constrained source and the source to be excited: At this time, the sources being excited are v12, v20, v14, v5, v24, v9, v2, v18, and all other controllable sources are sources to be excited (v1[2], v3[0], v4[1], v6[0], v7[1], v8[1], v10[1], v11[0], v13[1], v15[0], v16[1], v17[1], v19[1], v21[0], v22[1], v23[0]).

[0139] Determine the highest priority source to be excited: During this excitation, the progress index 2 of the source to be excited, v1, is equal to the expected uniform index 2. The progress indices of other sources to be excited are all less than the expected uniform index. Therefore, v1 has a low priority, and the other sources to be excited have the same priority. Then, the other sources to be excited, except v1, proceed to the next step of optimization.

[0140] From the multiple sources to be excited with priority, select the source to be excited last.

[0141] Calculate the straight-line distance D between the highest priority source to be excited and the constraint source. Then, calculate the sliding time T between the source to be excited and the constraint source according to the TD rule. Find the constraint duration t of the constraint source and calculate Tt again. Next, find the final actual sliding time max(Tt) of each source to be excited. Then, select the minimum value min(max(Tt)) from the column vector max(Tt). The minimum value is 4s, which corresponds to source v22. Therefore, v22 is selected as the final source to be excited in this round. The index of v22 is increased by 1, and the index number of v22 becomes 2.

[0142] Cyclic Excitation: This round of optimization ends, and the next round of excitation optimization begins.

[0143] ...

[0144] And so on, the statistical results for completing 100 activations are shown below. Figure 6 The statistical results of the excitation uniformity are shown in [the table]. Figure 7 , Figure 6 and Figure 7 In this context, `fleet#` represents the number of the controllable seismic source. It can be seen that the excitation uniformity index of the 24 controllable seismic sources is 2, indicating a relatively balanced distribution.

[0145] The above cyclic calculations are all based on the assumption that all controllable seismic sources are in normal working condition. However, in actual production, controllable seismic sources often malfunction, and if a malfunction occurs, the cycle will be interrupted. To ensure continued production, the concept of a dynamic circulation pool is proposed. That is, only controllable seismic sources in the Ready state can enter the circulation pool to participate in the calculation; controllable seismic sources that have malfunctioned or are not in the Ready state cannot participate in the calculation. After a controllable seismic source in the circulation pool has finished excitation, it automatically leaves the circulation pool until it becomes Ready again. Establishing a dynamic circulation pool better adapts to field production operations.

[0146] This invention also provides a method for determining a controllable seismic source that is preferentially excited, referring to... Figure 8 As shown, it includes:

[0147] S81. Identify the source to be excited among all currently controllable seismic sources;

[0148] S82. Compare the excitation index of each source to be excited with the smallest excitation index among the sources to be excited, and determine the source to be excited with a difference less than the preset expected uniformity index as the priority source to be excited; the excitation index represents the number of times the controllable source is excited.

[0149] Based on the same inventive concept, embodiments of the present invention also provide a controllable vibration source excitation realization device and a device for determining the controllable vibration source to be excited preferentially. Since the principle of solving the problem by these devices is similar to that of the aforementioned controllable vibration source excitation realization method, the implementation of the device can refer to the implementation of the aforementioned method, and the repeated parts will not be described again.

[0150] This invention provides an excitation device for a controllable vibration source, referring to... Figure 9 As shown, it includes:

[0151] The module 91 for determining the source to be excited is used to determine the source to be excited among all currently controllable seismic sources.

[0152] The priority excitation determination module 92 is used to compare the excitation index of each source to be excited with the minimum excitation index among the sources to be excited. The source to be excited with a difference less than the preset expected uniformity index is the source to be excited with priority. The excitation index represents the number of times the controllable source is excited.

[0153] Selection module 93 is used to select one of the preferred excitation sources;

[0154] The excitation module 94 is used to excite the source to be excited selected by the selection module for the next time.

[0155] Furthermore, the selection module 93 is specifically used to select the excitation source with the shortest final actual sliding time and / or the shortest distance from each of the priority excitation sources to be excited as the controllable source for the next excitation, based on the final actual sliding time between each priority excitation source and each constraint source, and / or the sum of the distances between each priority excitation source and all constraint sources.

[0156] This invention provides an apparatus for determining a controllable seismic source that is preferentially excited, as described in the embodiments of the present invention. Figure 10 As shown, it includes:

[0157] The module 1001 for determining the source to be excited is used to determine the source to be excited among all currently controllable seismic sources.

[0158] The priority excitation determination module 1002 is used to compare the excitation index of each source to be excited with the minimum excitation index among the sources to be excited. The source to be excited with a difference less than the preset expected uniformity index is the source to be excited with priority. The excitation index represents the number of times the controllable source is excited.

[0159] This invention provides a computer device, including a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor. When the processor executes the computer program, it implements the controllable seismic source excitation method as described above, or the method for determining a controllable seismic source to be excited preferentially as described above.

[0160] This invention provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the controllable seismic source excitation method described above, or the method for determining a controllable seismic source to be excited preferentially as described above.

[0161] This invention provides a computer program product, which includes a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the controllable seismic source excitation method described above, or the method for determining a controllable seismic source to be excited preferentially as described above.

[0162] Regarding the controllable vibration source excitation realization device and the device for determining the controllable vibration source to be excited preferentially in the above embodiments, the specific manner in which each module performs its operation has been described in detail in the embodiments related to the method, and will not be elaborated here.

[0163] The present invention provides a controllable seismic source excitation method, a method and apparatus for determining priority excitation of controllable seismic sources.

[0164] Those skilled in the art will understand that embodiments of the present invention can be provided as methods, systems, or computer program products. Therefore, the present invention can take the form of a completely hardware embodiment, a completely software embodiment, or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, the present invention can take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including, but not limited to, disk storage and optical storage) containing computer-usable program code.

[0165] This invention is described with reference to flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of the invention. It will be understood that each block of the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, and combinations of blocks in the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions can be provided to a processor of a general-purpose computer, special-purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, generate instructions for implementing the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams. Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 A device that provides the functions specified in one or more boxes.

[0166] These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable storage medium that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing device to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable storage medium produce an article of manufacture including instruction means, which are implemented in a process Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The function specified in one or more boxes.

[0167] These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing equipment to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable equipment to produce a computer-implemented process, thereby providing instructions that execute on the computer or other programmable equipment for implementing the process. Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The steps of the function specified in one or more boxes.

[0168] Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations to this invention without departing from its spirit and scope. Therefore, if these modifications and variations fall within the scope of the claims of this invention and their equivalents, this invention also intends to include these modifications and variations.

Claims

1. A method for achieving controllable seismic source excitation, characterized in that, include: Identify the potential source among all currently controllable seismic sources; The process of determining the source to be excited among all currently controllable seismic sources includes: Identify the constraint source among all currently controllable seismic sources; the constraint source is a controllable seismic source whose time interval t between the current moment and the last seismic initiation moment is less than a preset zero constraint time. The controllable seismic source that is in a normal state of waiting to be excited, excluding the constrained source, is identified as the source to be excited. The excitation index of each source to be excited is compared with the smallest excitation index among the sources to be excited, and the source to be excited whose difference is less than the preset expected uniformity index is the priority source to be excited; the excitation index represents the number of times the controllable source is excited. Select one of the preferred excitation sources for the next excitation.

2. The method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The information of the source to be excited is stored in a dynamic loop pool, and the method further includes: The information of the unconstrained source in the state of being to be excited is put into the dynamic circulation pool; If the source to be excited is excited, the information of the source to be excited is automatically deleted from the dynamic circulation pool; If the source to be excited malfunctions, the information of the malfunctioning source to be excited will be deleted from the circulation pool in the next cycle.

3. The method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The zero-constraint time is determined in the following manner: Based on a preset time-distance (TD) rule function, determine the maximum sliding time within the TD rule function; The maximum sliding time is taken as the zero-constraint time; The TD rule includes at least one straight line or curve representing an inverse correlation between time and distance.

4. The method as described in claim 3, characterized in that, If the number of priority excitation sources is greater than 1, then one of the priority excitation sources is selected for the next excitation, specifically including: Based on the final actual sliding time of each of the priority excitation sources and each constraint source, and / or the sum of the distances between each priority excitation source and all constraint sources, the excitation source with the shortest final actual sliding time and / or the shortest sum of distances is selected from each priority excitation source as the controllable source for the next excitation.

5. The method as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The final actual sliding time between each source to be excited and each constraint source is determined in the following way: Determine the first matrix representing the distances between each potential source and each constrained source; Based on the preset time-distance (TD) rule and the distance contained in the first matrix, the theoretical sliding time between each source to be excited and each constraint source is determined, and a second matrix is ​​obtained; Based on the constraint duration t of the constraint source at this moment, the theoretical sliding time in the second matrix is ​​converted into the corresponding actual sliding time to obtain the third matrix; Determine the maximum value of the actual sliding time between each source to be excited and all constraint sources, and use the maximum value of the actual sliding time as the final actual sliding time between the source to be excited and all constraint sources.

6. The method as described in claim 5, characterized in that, Based on the constraint duration t of the constraint source at this moment, the theoretical sliding time in the second matrix is ​​converted into the corresponding actual sliding time, specifically including: like Then As the actual sliding time after conversion; like If 0 is used, then 0 is taken as the actual sliding time after conversion; T is the theoretical sliding time, and t is the constraint duration of the constraint source; the constraint duration is equal to the time interval between the current moment and the last vibration initiation moment.

7. The method as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The sum of distances between each source to be excited and all constrained sources is obtained as follows: Calculate the distance from each source to be excited to all constrained sources; The sum of the distances between each source to be excited and all the constraint sources is obtained by summing the distances between each source to be excited and all the constraint sources.

8. The method according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, After exciting the source to be excited, the process further includes: Increment the excitation index of the source to be excited by 1.

9. A method for determining a controllable seismic source for preferential excitation, characterized in that, include: Identify the potential source among all currently controllable seismic sources; The process of determining the source to be excited among all currently controllable seismic sources includes: Identify the constraint source among all currently controllable seismic sources; the constraint source is a controllable seismic source whose time interval t between the current moment and the last seismic initiation moment is less than a preset zero constraint time. The controllable seismic source that is in a normal state of waiting to be excited, excluding the constrained source, is identified as the source to be excited. The excitation index of each source to be excited is compared with the smallest excitation index among the sources to be excited, and the source to be excited whose difference is less than the preset expected uniformity index is the source to be excited first; the excitation index represents the number of times the controllable source is excited.

10. A device for realizing the excitation of a controllable vibration source, characterized in that, include: The module for determining the source to be excited is used to determine the source to be excited among all currently controllable seismic sources; The step of determining the source to be excited among all currently controllable seismic sources includes: determining the constrained source among all currently controllable seismic sources; the constrained source is a controllable seismic source whose time interval t from the current moment to the last seismic initiation moment is less than a preset zero constraint time; and determining the controllable seismic source that is in a normal state of waiting to be excited, excluding the constrained source, as the source to be excited. The priority excitation determination module is used to compare the excitation index of each source to be excited with the minimum excitation index among the sources to be excited. The source to be excited with a difference less than the preset expected uniformity index is the source to be excited with priority. The excitation index represents the number of times the controllable source is excited. The selection module is used to select one of the preferred excitation sources from the list of excitation sources to be excited. The excitation module is used to excite the source to be excited selected by the selection module for the next time.

11. The apparatus as claimed in claim 10, characterized in that, The selection module is specifically used to select the source with the shortest final actual sliding time and / or the shortest distance from each of the priority excitation sources to be excited as the controllable source for the next excitation, based on the final actual sliding time between each priority excitation source and each constraint source, and / or the sum of the distances between each priority excitation source and all constraint sources.

12. A device for determining a controllable seismic source to be preferentially excited, characterized in that, include: The module for determining the source to be excited is used to determine the source to be excited among all currently controllable seismic sources; The step of determining the source to be excited among all currently controllable seismic sources includes: determining the constrained source among all currently controllable seismic sources; the constrained source is a controllable seismic source whose time interval t from the current moment to the last seismic initiation moment is less than a preset zero constraint time; and determining the controllable seismic source that is in a normal state of waiting to be excited, excluding the constrained source, as the source to be excited. The priority excitation determination module is used to compare the excitation index of each source to be excited with the minimum excitation index among the sources to be excited. The source to be excited with a difference less than the preset expected uniformity index is the source to be excited with priority. The excitation index represents the number of times the controllable source can be excited.

13. A computer device comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, characterized in that, When the processor executes the computer program, it implements the controllable source excitation method as described in any one of claims 1 to 8, or the method for determining the controllable source to be excited preferentially as described in claim 9.

14. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, The computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the controllable source excitation method as described in any one of claims 1 to 8, or the method for determining a controllable source to be preferentially excited as described in claim 9.

15. A computer program product, characterized in that, The computer program product includes a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the controllable source excitation method as described in any one of claims 1 to 8, or the method for determining a controllable source to be preferentially excited as described in claim 9.

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