A method and device for automatic splicing of block seismic horizon slices and horizon volume analysis

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of block seismic horizon slice automatic splicing and horizon body analysis method and device.The block seismic horizon slice automatic splicing method includes, determining the horizon slice sequence of host block and the horizon slice sequence of to be spliced block, horizon slice time difference matrix in the overlapping area of host block and to be spliced block;From horizon slice time difference matrix, search the horizon slice matching path of minimum cumulative time difference, as the best horizon slice matching path, horizon slice matching path represents the horizon slice matching relationship of host block and to be spliced block;According to the best horizon slice matching path, the horizon slice sequence of to be spliced block is spliced to the horizon slice sequence of host block, and new host block is obtained.The application can quickly and accurately match and splice block seismic horizon slice.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of seismic data interpretation technology, and in particular to a method and apparatus for automatic stitching and stratigraphic analysis of block seismic horizon slices. Background Technology

[0002] Strata are the collective term for all layered rocks on the Earth's surface or within the lithosphere. They are layered rock formations with consistent or similar lithological and physical properties, clearly distinguishable from the rock layers above and below. Strata can be separated by obvious bedding planes or sedimentary discontinuities, or by less distinct characteristics such as lithology, fossils, mineral or chemical composition, or physical properties. Generally, sedimentary strata are areas rich in energy mineral resources such as oil and natural gas, and are of great significance for mineral resource exploration and development.

[0003] In recent years, wide-azimuth, wide-bandwidth, high-density, and multi-component seismic exploration technologies have developed rapidly and matured. Three-dimensional seismic exploration, especially wide-azimuth high-density three-dimensional seismic exploration technology, has been widely promoted and applied. The types of seismic data that can be obtained are increasing, the area is getting larger, the sampling density is getting higher, the data volume is getting larger, and the geological information and oil and gas reservoir information carried are getting richer, resulting in seismic data volumes exhibiting increasingly prominent massive data characteristics.

[0004] For seismic data characterized by massive amounts of data, extracting geological and reservoir information using automated methods is undoubtedly an ideal approach. However, unfortunately, because seismic information is a geophysical response of geological and reservoir information from hundreds to thousands of meters underground, and this geophysical information is comprehensive and indirect (the correspondence between seismic and geological information is not unique), extracting geological information and obtaining reservoir characteristics from seismic data requires extensive prior knowledge and repeated comparisons. Seismic interpretation is thus largely characterized by interactive and manual interpretation. For a long time, industrial automation supported by advanced information technology has been difficult to successfully apply in seismic interpretation. Currently, the most advanced seismic interpretation models still fall within the scope of primarily manual interactive interpretation supplemented by a small amount of automated interpretation (such as automatic stratigraphic tracking). Therefore, existing seismic interpretation lags significantly behind advancements in seismic acquisition and processing technologies, and faces challenges such as insufficient accuracy and low efficiency in interpreting large or ultra-large 3D seismic data with massive data characteristics. Furthermore, due to the low efficiency of interactive seismic interpretation, traditional seismic interpretation models only target a small number of layers, and these few layers cannot be interpreted point by point (i.e., no global interpretation is performed). Therefore, this is a typical local interpretation model, and the interpretation results obtained are local and coarse. The geological understanding of the target layers is also inevitably local and coarse.

[0005] For the reasons mentioned above, traditional seismic interpretation cannot meet the requirements of modern seismic tectonic interpretation and comprehensive geological research in terms of both accuracy and efficiency, and has become a bottleneck in the development of seismic exploration technology. Many geophysicists and geologists have proposed some new technologies and methods to improve the accuracy and efficiency of tectonic interpretation.

[0006] The earliest technique to attempt to improve the efficiency of seismic interpretation was automatic horizon tracking. Automatic horizon tracking refers to a method of interpreting seismic horizons using computers. Its typical process involves first picking seed points on the seismic phase axis corresponding to the target horizon, and then, based on the characteristics of the seismic waveform (mainly referring to the similarity of the seismic waveforms), spreading the seed points to adjacent seismic traces, and traversing the entire 2D seismic line (2D seismic data) or the entire 3D seismic survey area (3D seismic data). While the exact person who first proposed automatic horizon tracking technology is difficult to identify, it appeared in seismic interpretation systems as early as the 1980s.

[0007] Automatic horizon tracking is one of the earliest areas to be partially automated in seismic interpretation. This technology has greatly improved the efficiency of 3D seismic interpretation. However, it can only interpret (or track) one stratigraphic reflection interface at a time (one seismic horizon corresponds to one or more stratigraphic reflection interfaces). Seismic profiles often contain hundreds or even tens of thousands of seismic phase axes (one stratigraphic reflection interface corresponds to one or more seismic phase axes). To interpret multiple stratigraphic reflection interfaces, the same horizon interpretation and tracking process needs to be repeated multiple times. Furthermore, this process-independent horizon tracking results may exhibit phenomena that violate stratigraphic depositional patterns (such as horizon overlap). Clearly, this horizon interpretation mode cannot meet the needs of full 3D spatial seismic interpretation. For this reason, Stark et al. (2003) proposed the concept of "relative chronostratigraphic body," and Chen et al. (2013), based on the chronostratigraphic body theory, proposed a technique called "chronostratigraphic body," defining it as "a data volume of relative geological age characteristics composed of a series of seismic horizons extracted from seismic data using the characteristics of stratigraphic reflection interfaces and stratigraphic sedimentary features contained in seismic reflection waves." Borrowing from the stratigraphic storage method of stratigraphic bodies, all horizons are organized in the form of stratigraphic slices according to the relative geological age of each horizon from newest to oldest, forming a special data volume similar to a seismic data volume. In this data volume, each time slice represents a seismic horizon, and the characteristic values ​​of each CMP point on the time slice represent the relative geological age. Since each seismic horizon in the chronostratigraphic body corresponds to a certain underground stratigraphic reflection interface or a spatial surface parallel to it, the chronostratigraphic body can be used to indicate or describe the spatial morphology and variation characteristics of strata.

[0008] Currently, there are two main approaches to extracting chronostratigraphic bodies from seismic data: single-layer tracking and multi-layer tracking. The single-layer tracking model tracks only one layer at a time, densifying the layers when the interval between them exceeds a certain threshold, and then combining these layers according to the chronological order of their depositional occurrences to form a chronostratigraphic body. In contrast, the multi-layer tracking model divides the entire seismic survey area into a series of smaller blocks, simultaneously tracking a set of layers within each block in a specific order, and then connecting the inter-block stratigraphic segments according to certain rules to form a chronostratigraphic body. Clearly, the chronostratigraphic bodies generated by the multi-layer tracking model are more consistent with stratigraphic depositional patterns than those generated by the single-layer tracking model, but it requires the implementation of inter-block stratigraphic connections.

[0009] To achieve inter-block stratigraphic connectivity, the seismic waveform similarity between adjacent blocks is usually used as a benchmark, such as the cost function minimization method proposed by Pauget (2009) et al. Summary of the Invention

[0010] The inventors discovered that because much seismic data is usually narrow-band and lacks low-frequency information, a certain seismic waveform may have a high degree of similarity with multiple waveforms in adjacent areas at the same time. This can lead to errors in the matching and connection of seismic horizons between blocks in the existing technology, and may even cause the extracted chronostratigraphic bodies to violate the stratigraphic deposition rules.

[0011] In order to at least partially solve the technical problems existing in the prior art, the inventors propose the present invention, which provides a method and apparatus for automatic splicing and stratigraphic analysis of block seismic strata through specific embodiments, which can quickly and accurately perform automatic matching and splicing of block seismic strata.

[0012] In a first aspect, embodiments of the present invention provide an automatic stitching method for blocky seismic horizon sections, comprising:

[0013] Determine the slice time difference matrix of the host block and the slice sequence of the block to be spliced ​​in the overlapping area of ​​the host block and the block to be spliced.

[0014] The layer-by-layer matching path with the minimum cumulative time difference is searched from the layer-by-layer time difference matrix and is taken as the optimal layer-by-layer matching path. The layer-by-layer matching path represents the layer-by-layer matching relationship between the host block and the block to be spliced.

[0015] According to the optimal layer-by-layer matching path, the layer-by-layer sequence of the block to be spliced ​​is spliced ​​to the layer-by-layer sequence of the host block to obtain a new host block.

[0016] Secondly, embodiments of the present invention provide a seismic stratigraphic analysis method, comprising:

[0017] The seismic work area is divided into multiple seismic blocks. Each seismic block is expanded regionally to obtain an expanded block. Multi-layer automatic tracking is performed on each expanded block to obtain the corresponding layer slice sequence.

[0018] Using the selected extended block as the host block, select one extended block from the extended blocks adjacent to the current host block as the block to be stitched. According to the above-described blocky seismic layer slice automatic stitching method, stitch the layer slice sequence of the current block to be stitched to the layer slice sequence of the current host block to obtain a new host block. Clear the current block to be stitched and return to the step of selecting one extended block from the extended blocks adjacent to the current host block as the block to be stitched, until there are no extended blocks adjacent to the current host block.

[0019] Thirdly, embodiments of the present invention provide an automatic stitching device for blocky seismic horizon sections, comprising:

[0020] The layer slice time difference matrix determination module is used to determine the layer slice time difference matrix of the host block and the layer slice sequence of the block to be spliced ​​in the overlapping area of ​​the host block and the block to be spliced.

[0021] The optimal slice matching path search module is used to search for the slice matching path with the smallest cumulative time difference from the slice time difference matrix, which is taken as the optimal slice matching path. The slice matching path represents the slice matching relationship between the host block and the block to be spliced.

[0022] The splicing module is used to splice the layer slice sequence of the block to be spliced ​​to the layer slice sequence of the host block according to the optimal layer slice matching path, so as to obtain a new host block.

[0023] Fourthly, embodiments of the present invention provide a seismic stratigraphic analysis apparatus, comprising:

[0024] The extended block acquisition module is used to divide the seismic work area into multiple groups of seismic blocks and perform regional expansion on each of the seismic blocks to obtain extended blocks;

[0025] The automatic layer tracking module is used to perform automatic layer tracking on each extended block to obtain the corresponding layer slice sequence.

[0026] The stitching module is used to select an extended block as the host block, select an extended block from the extended blocks adjacent to the current host block as the block to be stitched, and stitch the sequence of the current block to be stitched to the sequence of the current host block according to the above-described blocky seismic layer slice automatic stitching method to obtain a new host block. The current block to be stitched is then cleared, and the process returns to selecting an extended block from the extended blocks adjacent to the current host block as the block to be stitched, until there are no extended blocks adjacent to the current host block.

[0027] Fifthly, embodiments of the present invention provide a computer program product with seismic horizon interpretation function, including a computer program / instruction, wherein when the computer program / instruction is executed by a processor, it implements the above-mentioned method for automatic stitching of block seismic horizon slices or the above-mentioned method for seismic horizon volume analysis.

[0028] The beneficial effects of the above-described technical solutions provided in the embodiments of the present invention include at least the following:

[0029] (1) The automatic stitching method for block seismic horizons provided in this embodiment of the invention is based on the principle that the same seismic horizon in the overlapping area of ​​adjacent blocks must coincide or have the minimum time difference. It utilizes the spatial trend of seismic horizons to realize the automatic connection and horizon expansion of seismic horizons between adjacent blocks. It can avoid the problem of low computational efficiency caused by the cost function method based on the similarity of seismic waveforms, and can avoid the problem of "false" similarity of seismic waveforms in different regions caused by narrow frequency band seismic data. It can make the stitched seismic horizons meet the stratigraphic deposition law and improve its accuracy.

[0030] (2) The seismic stratigraphic analysis method provided in this embodiment first divides the seismic work area into multiple seismic blocks, and then expands each seismic block to obtain an extended block, so that adjacent blocks have overlapping areas, providing a data basis for subsequent stratigraphic piece splicing; multi-level automatic stratigraphic tracking is performed on each extended block to obtain the corresponding stratigraphic piece sequence. Multi-level automatic stratigraphic tracking is performed on the divided small blocks, which can reduce the dependence on computer computing performance and enable efficient multi-level automatic stratigraphic tracking. At the same time, the stratigraphic tracking mode from local to global can achieve more accurate stratigraphic tracking; then, the above-mentioned block-shaped seismic stratigraphic piece automatic splicing method is used to splice the blocks one by one until a complete stratigraphic piece sequence within the seismic work area is obtained.

[0031] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. Attached Figure Description

[0032] The accompanying drawings are provided to further illustrate the invention and form part of the specification. They are used in conjunction with embodiments of the invention to explain the invention and do not constitute a limitation thereof. In the drawings:

[0033] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the automatic stitching method for block seismic horizon sections in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of slice time difference calculation in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the optimal slice matching path in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 4 This is a flowchart of the seismic stratigraphic analysis method in Embodiment 2 of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 5 for Figure 4 The detailed implementation flowchart of step S41;

[0038] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the seismic block division in Embodiment 2 of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the regional expansion of the seismic block in Embodiment 2 of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the overlapping area of ​​adjacent seismic blocks in Embodiment 2 of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 9 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the seismic work area and chronostratigraphic body in Embodiment 2 of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 10 A schematic diagram of the automatic splicing device for block seismic horizon sections in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 11 A schematic diagram of the seismic strata analysis device in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0044] Exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will now be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. While exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the present disclosure may be implemented in various forms and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the disclosure to those skilled in the art.

[0045] It should be understood that the terminology used in this invention is merely for describing particular embodiments and is not intended to limit the invention. Furthermore, with respect to numerical ranges in this invention, it should be understood that each intermediate value between the upper and lower limits of the range is also specifically disclosed. Every smaller range between any stated value or intermediate value within a stated range, and any other stated value or intermediate value within said range, is also included in this invention. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges may be independently included or excluded from the range.

[0046] Unless otherwise stated, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains. While only preferred methods and materials have been described herein, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein may be used in the implementation or testing of this invention. All references to this specification are incorporated by way of citation to disclose and describe methods and / or materials associated with those references. In the event of any conflict with any incorporated reference, the content of this specification shall prevail.

[0047] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that the terms "comprising," "including," "having," "containing," etc., are all open-ended terms, meaning that they include but are not limited to. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third," etc., are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0048] To address the problem of inaccurate and inefficient seismic horizon splicing in existing technologies, this invention provides a method and apparatus for automatic splicing and stratigraphic analysis of blocky seismic horizons, which can quickly and accurately perform automatic matching and splicing of blocky seismic horizons.

[0049] Example 1

[0050] Embodiment 1 of the present invention provides an automatic stitching method for block seismic horizon sections, the process of which is as follows: Figure 1 As shown, it includes the following steps:

[0051] Step S11: Determine the slice sequence of the host block and the slice sequence of the block to be spliced, and the slice time difference matrix in the overlapping area of ​​the host block and the block to be spliced.

[0052] Both the host block and the block to be spliced ​​are seismic blocks, and they are adjacent and have overlapping areas.

[0053] In some embodiments, it may include determining the time difference between each layer segment in the layer segment sequence of the host block and each layer segment segment in the layer segment sequence of the block to be spliced, based on the time values ​​of the layer points on the same seismic traces in the overlapping area of ​​the host block and the block to be spliced, and obtaining the layer segment time difference matrix of the layer segment sequence of the host block and the layer segment sequence of the block to be spliced ​​in the overlapping area.

[0054] See Figure 2 As shown, in the slice extension direction, the rectangular region ABCD in the host block overlaps with the rectangular region A'B'C'D' in the extended block (i.e., the block to be stitched) (both the host block and the block to be stitched are three-dimensional blocks; this is just a schematic diagram of their cross-sections). The time difference of each common CMP point can be calculated based on the slice values ​​of the slice pairs in the two blocks (including one slice from the host block and one slice from the block to be stitched). These time differences are averaged to form the average time difference. Combining the average time differences of all slice pairs into a matrix results in a time difference matrix.

[0055] Furthermore, the time difference between slice Ai in the slice sequence of the host block and slice Bj in the slice sequence of the block to be spliced ​​is determined by the following steps:

[0056] The time differences between layer slice Ai and layer slice Bj on each of the same seismic traces are determined, and the average of the differences is determined as the time difference between layer slice Ai and layer slice Bj; where i represents the layer slice number in the layer slice sequence of the host block, i=1,2……m, and m represents the number of layer slices in the layer slice sequence of the host block; j represents the layer slice number in the layer slice sequence of the block to be spliced, j=1,2……n, and n represents the number of layer slices in the layer slice sequence of the block to be spliced.

[0057] The time differences between different slices in two blocks can form a two-dimensional time difference matrix. If the host block has m slices and the extended block has n slices, then the dimension of this two-dimensional time difference matrix is ​​m*n. Since there is an overlapping area between any two adjacent blocks, the time difference matrix between slices can always be obtained.

[0058] The slice time difference matrix of the host block's slice sequence and the slice sequence of the block to be spliced ​​within the overlapping region is as follows:

[0059] .

[0060] Step S12: Search for the slice matching path with the smallest cumulative time difference from the slice time difference matrix, and select it as the optimal slice matching path.

[0061] The layer-by-layer matching path represents the layer-by-layer matching relationship between the host block and the block to be spliced. It can be a combination of one-dimensional arrays, where the node index of the array is the layer-by-layer number of the host block, and the node value of the array is the layer-by-layer number of the block to be spliced ​​or -1 (or other numbers, letters, or symbols, etc.).

[0062] If the layer slices of the host block and the block to be spliced ​​are interpreted by the same interpreter within the same time period (it can be interpreted manually or automatically by a learning model; the specific interpretation method is not limited in this embodiment), in general, the layer slices in the layer slice sequences of the host block and the block to be spliced ​​are matched one-to-one. That is, the sequence number of each node in the obtained optimal layer slice matching path is the layer slice number of the host block, and the node value is the layer slice number of the block to be spliced.

[0063] However, due to differences in interpreters, interpretation time, specific interpretation tasks, etc., there may be cases where the layer fragments in the sequence of the host block and the block to be spliced ​​are not matched one-to-one. For example, if the node value is -1, it means that the layer fragment of the host block corresponding to the node number has no corresponding layer fragment of the block to be spliced, that is, no layer fragment of the block to be spliced ​​matches the layer fragment of the host block corresponding to the node number; or, the node number is an empty value, or other numbers, letters, or symbols representing empty values, while the node value is the layer fragment number of the block to be spliced, indicating that no layer fragment of the host block matches the layer fragment of the block to be spliced ​​corresponding to the node value.

[0064] In some embodiments, searching for the slice matching path with the minimum cumulative time difference from the slice time difference matrix may include using a goose-flying dynamic time warping algorithm to search for the slice matching path with the minimum cumulative time difference from the slice time difference matrix.

[0065] The goose-flight dynamic time-bending algorithm is an algorithm used to match discrete, unequal-interval waveform feature point sequences, and can be used for seismic waveform matching.

[0066] The above-mentioned cumulative time difference is the accumulation of valid time differences. For example, when the node value is -1 or the node sequence number is null, the time difference corresponding to that node is an invalid time difference and is not included in the accumulation.

[0067] Figure 3 This is an optimal layer-by-layer matching path calculated from the time difference matrix based on the dynamic time warp algorithm in this embodiment of the application (the seismic waveforms in the figure come from the seismic traces at the center point of each block). Figure 3In the sequence, the host block has 15 layer fragments, and the block to be assembled has 13 layer fragments. The correspondence between the layer fragments is indicated by solid lines with double arrows. Specifically, the S2, S8, and S5 layer fragments of the host block have no corresponding extended layer fragments, and the T11 layer fragment of the block to be assembled has no corresponding host layer fragment; these are indicated by dashed lines with single arrows.

[0068] The weighted average of all valid layer time differences can be used as the time difference of a block pair (host block and block to be spliced) to determine the layer fragment matching status of the block pair.

[0069] Step S13: Based on the optimal layer slice matching path, splice the layer slice sequence of the block to be spliced ​​to the layer slice sequence of the host block to obtain a new host block.

[0070] Traverse each node in the best layer-level slice matching path. Depending on the specific content included in the currently traversed node, the splicing of the layer-level slice sequence of the block to be spliced ​​can be divided into the following three cases:

[0071] 1. The currently traversed nodes include the first identifier of the layer slice in the layer slice sequence of the host block and the second identifier of the layer slice in the layer slice sequence of the block to be spliced.

[0072] The identifier here can be the name or number of the slice, or other characters that correspond one-to-one with the name or number.

[0073] The node includes the first identifier of the layer fragment in the layer fragment sequence of the host block and the second identifier of the layer fragment in the layer fragment sequence of the block to be spliced, indicating that there is a matching layer fragment of the host block and the layer fragment of the block to be spliced, and splicing the layer fragment with the second identifier in the layer fragment sequence of the block to be spliced ​​to the layer fragment with the first identifier in the layer fragment sequence of the host block.

[0074] Furthermore, the seismic traces in the block to be spliced ​​that are different from those in the host block are identified; the second-identified layer slices in the layer slice sequence of the block to be spliced ​​are spliced ​​to the layer points on the identified different seismic traces and then spliced ​​to the first-identified layer slices in the layer slice sequence of the host block.

[0075] Furthermore, the spliced ​​layers are smoothed.

[0076] 2. The first identifier of the layer slice in the layer slice sequence that does not include the host block in the current traversal node.

[0077] If there is no host block layer fragment that matches the layer fragment of the block to be spliced, insert a new layer fragment into the layer fragment sequence of the host block, and copy the layer fragment with the second identifier in the layer fragment sequence of the block to be spliced ​​contained in the currently traversed node to the new layer fragment.

[0078] Furthermore, the layer points of the second-identified layer in the layer slice sequence of the block to be spliced ​​contained in the currently traversed node are copied to the new layer slice.

[0079] 3. The second identifier of the layer slice in the layer slice sequence of the currently traversed node does not include the layer slice sequence of the block to be spliced.

[0080] If there is no matching layer slice for the block to be spliced, then the splicing step is not required.

[0081] Table 1 lists the seismic horizon stitching methods in this embodiment. The host block has 15 horizon slices, and the block to be stitched has 13 horizon slices. Except for horizon slices S2, S8, and S15 in the host block and horizon slice T11 in the extended block, all other horizon slices have a one-to-one correspondence. Only the horizon values ​​in the block to be stitched need to be copied to the corresponding CMP points in the host block. Since the T11 horizon slice in the block to be stitched has no corresponding host horizon slice, it needs to be inserted between S12 and S13, resulting in a host horizon slice sequence length of 16.

[0082] Table 1. List of seismic horizon mosaicking methods

[0083]

[0084] The automatic stitching method for block seismic horizons provided in Embodiment 1 of this invention is based on the principle that the same seismic horizon in the overlapping area of ​​adjacent blocks must coincide or have the minimum time difference. It utilizes the spatial trend of seismic horizons to realize the automatic connection and horizon expansion of seismic horizons between adjacent blocks. This method avoids the low computational efficiency problem caused by the cost function method based on the similarity of seismic waveforms, and also avoids the "false" similarity problem of seismic waveforms in different regions caused by narrow-band seismic data. It can ensure that the stitched seismic horizons meet the stratigraphic deposition law and improve their accuracy.

[0085] Example 2

[0086] Embodiment 2 of the present invention provides a seismic horizon analysis method, which is mainly applicable to automatic horizon tracking in large seismic survey areas. The process is as follows: Figure 4 As shown, it includes the following steps:

[0087] Step S41: Divide the seismic work area into multiple seismic blocks, expand each seismic block to obtain an expanded block, and perform multi-layer automatic tracking on each expanded block to obtain the corresponding layer slice sequence.

[0088] For the specific implementation process, please refer to Figure 5 As shown, it includes the following steps:

[0089] Step S411: Divide the seismic work area into multiple seismic blocks according to the first seismic trace interval in the main survey line direction and the second seismic trace interval in the connecting line direction.

[0090] The first and second seismic trace intervals can be the same. The seismic work area is divided into a group of rectangular seismic blocks of the same size (meaning the cross-section of the block is rectangular) with consistent dimensions (except at the boundary of the work area).

[0091] The length and width of the seismic block are measured in units of seismic traces. The interval between the first seismic trace in the direction of the main survey line and the interval between the second seismic trace in the direction of the connecting line can be equal or unequal.

[0092] For example, see Figure 6 The diagram shows a schematic representation of seismic block division within a seismic work area. This 3D seismic work area has 58 main seismic lines and 36 connecting lines. Assuming a seismic block size of 10x10 (i.e., the first seismic trace interval in the direction of the main seismic lines and the second seismic trace interval in the direction of the connecting lines are both 10), then the number of seismic blocks is 24. Due to boundary effects, the block sizes on the right and top are smaller than the assumed sizes.

[0093] Step S412: Expand each seismic block by performing regional expansion according to the preset number of seismic traces to obtain expanded blocks.

[0094] Regional expansion of each seismic block involves extending the area of ​​each block outwards by a predetermined amount, forming a second block, or expanded block. The expansion amount refers to the offset of the block in each direction, which can be expressed in units of seismic traces. Because of this regional expansion, there will inevitably be an overlapping area between any two adjacent blocks; that is, at least one Common Middle Point (CMP) gather point will be located in the overlapping area between two blocks.

[0095] See Figure 7 The diagram shows a schematic of regional expansion of a seismic block. In this embodiment, the number of seismic traces expanded is 2, and the original seismic block boundary is 10x10. Then, the expanded block boundary is 14x14.

[0096] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the overlapping area of ​​adjacent extended blocks, where the shaded area represents the overlapping area of ​​adjacent extended blocks.

[0097] Step S413: Perform multi-level automatic bit tracking on each extended block to obtain the corresponding layer bit sequence.

[0098] This can be achieved by automatically tracking all seed points on the seismic trace at the center of the seismic block, and then combining the tracked seismic layers into a seismic layer sequence. Seed points can be peaks and troughs on the seismic trace at the center of the block, or they can be seed points set according to certain rules (such as equal intervals).

[0099] Step S42: Select the extended block as the host block.

[0100] Specifically, the initial host block can be selected from the extended block at the center of the seismic work area.

[0101] Step S43: Select an extended block from the extended blocks adjacent to the current host block as the block to be stitched. Using the block seismic slice automatic stitching method, stitch the slice sequence of the current block to be stitched to the slice sequence of the current host block to obtain a new host block. Clear the current block to be stitched.

[0102] Select an extension block from the extension blocks adjacent to the current host block. This can be done by selecting extension blocks adjacent to the host block in a counter-clockwise direction, and then gradually completing the block splicing using a flood filling method.

[0103] Specifically, the automatic stitching method for block seismic horizon sections is the method described in Example 1. Therefore, the specific stitching process is described in Example 1 and will not be repeated here.

[0104] Step S44: Determine whether there is an extended block adjacent to the current host block.

[0105] If so, return to step S43.

[0106] If not, it means the splicing of the extended blocks has been completed, and the current host block's extent is now consistent with the entire seismic work area. The chronostratigraphic body of the entire seismic work area can be obtained from the stratigraphic sequence of the current host block. See [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 9 As shown.

[0107] The seismic stratigraphic analysis method provided in Embodiment 2 of this invention first divides the seismic work area into multiple seismic blocks, and then expands each seismic block to obtain extended blocks, so that adjacent blocks have overlapping areas, providing a data foundation for subsequent stratigraphic piece splicing. Multi-level automatic stratigraphic tracking is then performed on each extended block to obtain the corresponding stratigraphic piece sequence. Performing multi-level automatic stratigraphic tracking on each of the divided small blocks reduces the dependence on computer computing performance, enabling efficient multi-level automatic stratigraphic tracking. Furthermore, the stratigraphic tracking mode from local to global allows for more accurate stratigraphic tracking. Then, using the aforementioned block-shaped seismic stratigraphic piece automatic splicing method, the blocks are spliced ​​one by one until a complete stratigraphic piece sequence within the seismic work area is obtained.

[0108] Based on the inventive concept of this invention, embodiments of this invention also provide an automatic splicing device for block seismic horizon sections, the structure of which is as follows: Figure 10 As shown, it includes:

[0109] The layer slice time difference matrix determination module 101 is used to determine the layer slice time difference matrix of the host block and the layer slice sequence of the block to be spliced ​​in the overlapping area of ​​the host block and the block to be spliced.

[0110] The optimal layer-slice matching path search module 102 is used to search for the layer-slice matching path with the smallest cumulative time difference from the layer-slice time difference matrix, as the optimal layer-slice matching path. The layer-slice matching path represents the layer-slice matching relationship between the host block and the block to be spliced.

[0111] The splicing module 103 is used to splice the layer slice sequence of the block to be spliced ​​to the layer slice sequence of the host block according to the optimal layer slice matching path, so as to obtain a new host block.

[0112] Based on the inventive concept of this invention, embodiments of this invention also provide a seismic horizon analysis device, the structure of which is as follows: Figure 11 As shown, it includes:

[0113] The extended block acquisition module 111 is used to divide the seismic work area into multiple groups of seismic blocks and perform regional expansion on each of the seismic blocks to obtain extended blocks;

[0114] The automatic layer tracking module 112 is used to perform automatic layer tracking on each extended block to obtain the corresponding layer slice sequence.

[0115] The stitching module 113 is used to select an extended block as the host block, select an extended block from the extended blocks adjacent to the current host block as the stitching block, and stitch the stratigraphic sequence of the current stitching block to the stratigraphic sequence of the current host block according to any of the block seismic stratigraphic methods described above, to obtain a new host block, clear the current stitching block, and return to the step of selecting an extended block from the extended blocks adjacent to the current host block as the stitching block, until there are no extended blocks adjacent to the current host block.

[0116] Regarding the apparatus in the above embodiments, the specific manner in which each module performs its operation has been described in detail in the embodiments related to the method, and will not be elaborated upon here.

[0117] Based on the inventive concept of this invention, embodiments of this invention also provide a computer program product with seismic horizon interpretation function, including a computer program / instruction, wherein when the computer program / instruction is executed by a processor, it implements the above-mentioned automatic stitching method for block seismic horizon slices, or implements the above-mentioned seismic horizon volume analysis method.

[0118] It should be understood that the specific order or hierarchy of steps in the disclosed process is an example of an exemplary method. Based on design preferences, it should be understood that the specific order or hierarchy of steps in the process may be rearranged without departing from the scope of this disclosure. The appended method claims provide elements of various steps in an exemplary order and are not intended to limit the scope to the specific order or hierarchy described.

[0119] In the detailed description above, various features are combined together in a single embodiment to simplify this disclosure. This approach to disclosure should not be construed as reflecting an intention that embodiments of the claimed subject matter require more features than are explicitly stated in each claim. Rather, as reflected in the appended claims, the invention is presented with fewer features than all of the features in a single disclosed embodiment. Therefore, the appended claims are hereby explicitly incorporated into the detailed description, with each claim representing a separate preferred embodiment of the invention.

[0120] The foregoing description includes examples of one or more embodiments. It is certainly impossible to describe all possible combinations of components or methods in order to describe the above embodiments, but those skilled in the art will recognize that further combinations and arrangements of the various embodiments are possible. Therefore, the embodiments described herein are intended to cover all such changes, modifications, and variations that fall within the scope of the appended claims. Furthermore, the term "comprising" as used in the specification or claims is interpreted in a manner similar to the term "including," as interpreted when used as a conjunction in the claims. Additionally, the use of any term "or" in the specification of the claims is intended to mean "non-exclusive or."

Claims

1. A method for automatically stitching together blocky seismic horizon sections, characterized in that, include: Based on the time values ​​of the same seismic traces in the overlapping area of ​​the host block and the block to be spliced, the time difference between each slice in the host block's slice sequence and each slice in the slice sequence of the block to be spliced ​​is determined, thus obtaining the slice time difference matrix of the host block's slice sequence and the slice sequence of the block to be spliced ​​in the overlapping area. The optimal layer-by-layer matching path is selected from the layer-by-layer time difference matrix by searching for the layer-by-layer matching path with the minimum cumulative time difference according to the goose-fly dynamic time warp algorithm. The layer-by-layer matching path represents the layer-by-layer matching relationship between the host block and the block to be spliced. According to the optimal layer-by-layer matching path, the layer-by-layer sequence of the block to be spliced ​​is spliced ​​to the layer-by-layer sequence of the host block to obtain a new host block.

2. The method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The determination of the time difference between each slice in the slice sequence of the host block and each slice in the slice sequence of the block to be spliced ​​specifically includes: The time difference between slice Ai in the slice sequence of the host block and slice Bj in the slice sequence of the block to be spliced ​​is determined by the following steps: The time differences between layer slice Ai and layer slice Bj on each of the same seismic traces are determined, and the average of the differences is determined as the time difference between layer slice Ai and layer slice Bj; where i represents the layer slice number in the layer slice sequence of the host block, i=1,2……m, and m represents the number of layer slices in the layer slice sequence of the host block; j represents the layer slice number in the layer slice sequence of the block to be spliced, j=1,2……n, and n represents the number of layer slices in the layer slice sequence of the block to be spliced.

3. The method as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The step of obtaining the slice time difference matrix between the slice sequence of the host block and the slice sequence of the block to be spliced ​​within the overlapping region specifically includes: The time difference matrix of the slice sequence of the host block and the slice sequence of the block to be spliced ​​within the overlapping region is as follows: 。 4. The method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The step of splicing the layer slice sequence of the block to be spliced ​​to the layer slice sequence of the host block according to the optimal layer slice matching path specifically includes: Traverse each node in the optimal layer-slice matching path. The currently traversed node includes the first identifier of the layer-slice in the layer-slice sequence of the host block and the second identifier of the layer-slice in the layer-slice sequence of the block to be spliced. Splice the layer-slice with the second identifier in the layer-slice sequence of the block to be spliced ​​to the layer-slice with the first identifier in the layer-slice sequence of the host block.

5. The method as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The step of splicing the layer slice with the second identifier in the layer slice sequence of the block to be spliced ​​to the layer slice with the first identifier in the layer slice sequence of the host block specifically includes: Identify seismic traces in the block to be spliced ​​that are different from those in the host block; The second-identified stratigraphic segment in the stratigraphic segment sequence of the block to be spliced ​​is spliced ​​to the stratigraphic segment with the first-identified stratigraphic segment in the stratigraphic segment sequence of the host block.

6. The method as described in claim 4, characterized in that, Also includes: If the currently traversed node does not include the first identifier of the layer slice in the layer slice sequence of the host block, insert a new layer slice into the layer slice sequence of the host block, and copy the layer slice with the second identifier in the layer slice sequence of the block to be spliced ​​contained in the currently traversed node to the new layer slice.

7. The method as described in claim 6, characterized in that, The step of copying the layer slice with the second identifier from the layer slice sequence of the block to be spliced ​​contained in the currently traversed node to the new layer slice specifically includes: Copy the second-identified stratigraphic segment from the stratigraphic segment sequence of the block to be spliced ​​contained in the currently traversed node to the stratigraphic segment on each seismic trace.

8. A seismic stratigraphic analysis method, characterized in that, include: The seismic work area is divided into multiple seismic blocks. Each seismic block is expanded regionally to obtain an expanded block. Multi-layer automatic tracking is performed on each expanded block to obtain the corresponding layer slice sequence. Using the selected extended block as the host block, an extended block is selected from the extended blocks adjacent to the current host block as the block to be stitched. According to the block seismic layer automatic stitching method of any one of claims 1 to 7, the layer sequence of the current block to be stitched is stitched to the layer sequence of the current host block to obtain a new host block. The current block to be stitched is cleared, and the process of selecting an extended block from the extended blocks adjacent to the current host block as the block to be stitched is repeated until there are no extended blocks adjacent to the current host block.

9. The method as described in claim 8, characterized in that, The division of the seismic work area into multiple seismic blocks specifically includes: The seismic work area is divided into multiple seismic blocks according to the first seismic trace interval in the direction of the main survey line and the second seismic trace interval in the direction of the connecting line.

10. The method as described in claim 9, characterized in that, The process of expanding each of the aforementioned seismic blocks to obtain expanded blocks specifically includes: Each of the aforementioned seismic blocks is expanded regionally according to a preset number of seismic traces to obtain expanded blocks.

11. An automatic splicing device for blocky seismic horizon sections, characterized in that, include: The stratigraphic time difference matrix determination module is used to determine the time difference between each stratigraphic slice in the stratigraphic slice sequence of the host block and each stratigraphic slice in the stratigraphic slice sequence of the block to be spliced, based on the time values ​​on the same seismic traces in the overlapping area of ​​the host block and the block to be spliced, and to obtain the stratigraphic time difference matrix of the stratigraphic slice sequence of the host block and the stratigraphic slice sequence of the block to be spliced ​​in the overlapping area; The optimal layer-by-layer matching path search module is used to search for the layer-by-layer matching path with the smallest cumulative time difference from the layer-by-layer time difference matrix according to the goose-fly dynamic time warping algorithm, which is taken as the optimal layer-by-layer matching path. The layer-by-layer matching path represents the layer-by-layer matching relationship between the host block and the block to be spliced. The splicing module is used to splice the layer slice sequence of the block to be spliced ​​to the layer slice sequence of the host block according to the optimal layer slice matching path, so as to obtain a new host block.

12. A seismic stratigraphic analysis device, characterized in that, include: The extended block acquisition module is used to divide the seismic work area into multiple groups of seismic blocks and perform regional expansion on each of the seismic blocks to obtain extended blocks; The automatic layer tracking module is used to perform automatic layer tracking on each extended block to obtain the corresponding layer slice sequence. The stitching module is used to select an extended block as the host block, select an extended block from the extended blocks adjacent to the current host block as the stitching block, and, according to the block seismic layer automatic stitching method of any one of claims 1 to 7, stitch the layer sequence of the current stitching block to the layer sequence of the current host block to obtain a new host block, clear the current stitching block, and return to execute the step of selecting an extended block from the extended blocks adjacent to the current host block as the stitching block, until there are no extended blocks adjacent to the current host block.

13. A computer program product with seismic horizon interpretation capabilities, comprising a computer program / instructions, wherein, When the computer program / instruction is executed by the processor, it implements the automatic stitching method for block seismic horizon sections as described in any one of claims 1 to 7, or the seismic horizon volume analysis method as described in any one of claims 8 to 10.

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