Apparatus, method and computer program for calibrating an array of dual-polarized antenna elements

Abstract

Embodiments relate to apparatuses, methods and computer programs for calibrating an array of dual-polarized antenna elements. A method for transmitting or receiving dual-polarized signals using an array of dual-polarized antenna elements, comprising: for each polarization of each dual-polarized antenna element of the array of dual-polarized antenna elements: transmitting a signal; measuring a power and / or a phase of the transmitted signal via a coupler of the respective dual-polarized antenna element; transmitting or receiving a signal of the respective polarization of the respective dual-polarized antenna element using a power adjustment and / or a phase adjustment adjusted at least in dependence on the transmission coupler measurement.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] Embodiments of this disclosure relate to apparatus, methods, and computer programs for calibrating arrays of dual-polarized antenna elements. Background Technology

[0002] An array of antenna elements can be used in a controlled manner to give it strong directionally correlated gain, i.e., so-called beamforming.

[0003] For each antenna element, the control circuit system controls the power and / or phase adjustment of the signal applied to the corresponding antenna element.

[0004] Power regulation and / or phase regulation can be performed in the digital domain, for example, using a programmed digital signal processor, or in the analog domain using hardware.

[0005] When an antenna element is dual-polarized, it can be used in a controlled manner to achieve strong directional correlation gain, i.e., so-called beamforming.

[0006] It should be understood that the directivity of the gain (beam size and direction) is sensitive to the assumed known fixed phase relationship between antenna elements and the power and phase adjustments based on that fixed relationship. Summary of the Invention

[0007] However, the phase relationship between antenna elements can vary, for example, between different devices and / or depending on usage. Individual calibration of each device at the time of manufacture is expensive. It is desirable to provide a form of in-use calibration.

[0008] According to various, but not necessarily all, embodiments, an apparatus is provided, the apparatus comprising:

[0009] An array of dual-polarized antenna elements, wherein each dual-polarized antenna element includes...

[0010] A pair of orthogonally polarized feed lines, and

[0011] The coupler is configured to couple orthogonal polarization in the near field;

[0012] The control circuitry is configured to control the power and / or phase adjustment of the signal applied to the corresponding polarization feed line of the corresponding dual-polarization antenna element for each polarization and for each dual-polarization antenna element.

[0013] The measurement circuit system is configured to measure the power and / or phase of the signal transmitted from the respective dual-polarized antenna element via a corresponding coupler for each polarization and for each dual-polarized antenna element.

[0014] A calibration circuit system is configured to calibrate the control circuit system, wherein the calibration circuit system is configured to, for each polarization and for each dual-polarized antenna element, adjust the power and / or phase of the signal applied to the corresponding polarization feed line of the corresponding dual-polarized antenna element based on measurements of the power and / or phase of the signal transmitted from the corresponding dual-polarized antenna element for each polarization.

[0015] In some, but not all, examples, the control circuitry, measurement circuitry, and calibration circuitry form a closed-loop control loop configured to use an array of dual-polarized antenna elements to calibrate dual-polarized beamforming.

[0016] In some, but not all, examples, the control circuitry is configured to control, for each polarization and for each dual-polarized antenna element, the power conditioning and / or phase conditioning applied to the corresponding polarization feed of the respective dual-polarized antenna element to control a first direction of the beam formed by the array; and wherein the calibration circuitry is configured to adjust, for each polarization and for each dual-polarized antenna element, the power conditioning and / or phase conditioning associated with the respective dual-polarized antenna element to form a beam in the first direction.

[0017] In some, but not all, examples, the control circuitry is configured to control, for each polarization and for each dual-polarized antenna element, the power conditioning and / or phase conditioning applied to the corresponding polarization feed of the corresponding dual-polarized antenna element to control a first direction of the beam formed by the array; and wherein the calibration circuitry is configured to adjust, for each polarization and for each dual-polarized antenna element, the power conditioning and / or phase conditioning associated with the corresponding dual-polarized antenna element to form a beam in a second direction different from the first direction.

[0018] In some, but not all, examples, the calibration circuitry configured to calibrate the control circuitry is configured to adjust the power regulation and / or phase regulation associated with the respective dual-polarized antenna element for each polarization and for each dual-polarized antenna element, in order to control the direction of the uplink beam of the array.

[0019] In some, but not all, examples, the calibration circuitry is configured to determine and store parameters for calibrating the control circuitry to adjust the power and / or phase modulation associated with each dual-polarized antenna element for each polarization, to control the direction of the uplink beam of the array, wherein the stored parameters are used to calibrate the control circuitry to adjust the power and / or phase modulation associated with each dual-polarized antenna element for each polarization, to control the direction of the downlink beam of the array.

[0020] In some, but not necessarily all, examples, the pair of orthogonally polarized feeders has reflection symmetry on the virtual line, and the coupler is located on the virtual line.

[0021] In some, but not all, examples, each dual-polarized antenna element includes a single coupler connected to the measurement circuitry system via a single shared conductive path.

[0022] In some, but not all, examples, the signal includes orthogonal signals applied to the corresponding polarization feeds of the respective dual-polarized antenna elements, or the signal is a probe reference signal.

[0023] In some, but not all, examples, the measurement circuitry is configured to synchronously measure the power and / or phase of the signal transmitted from the respective dual-polarized antenna element, via a corresponding coupler for each polarization and for each dual-polarized antenna element.

[0024] In some, but not all, examples, the measurement circuitry is configured to asynchronously measure the power and / or phase of the signal transmitted from the respective dual-polarized antenna element, via a corresponding coupler of the dual-polarized antenna element, for each polarization used and for each dual-polarized antenna element.

[0025] In some, but not all, examples, the signal includes a time-separated signal applied to the corresponding polarization feed line of the respective dual-polarized antenna element.

[0026] In some, but not all, examples, the calibration circuitry is configured as follows:

[0027] For each dual-polarized antenna element and for each corresponding polarization, an incremental phase value is determined, and the calibration circuit system is configured to compare the expected phase of the signal transmitted via the corresponding polarization feed with the measured phase of the signal transmitted via the corresponding polarization feed, wherein the expected phase of the signal transmitted via the corresponding polarization feed depends on the phase adjustment applied to the signal transmitted via the corresponding polarization feed.

[0028] The calibration circuit system is configured to cause compensation for at least the maximum incremental phase value.

[0029] According to various, but not necessarily all, embodiments, a computer program is provided that, when run on one or more processors, causes:

[0030] For each polarization and for each dual-polarized antenna element in the array, based on coupler measurements of the power and / or phase of the signal transmitted from the corresponding dual-polarized antenna element for each polarization, the power and / or phase of the signal applied to the corresponding polarization feed line of the corresponding dual-polarized antenna element are adjusted.

[0031] According to various, but not necessarily all, embodiments, a method is provided for transmitting or receiving dual-polarized signals using dual-polarized antenna elements in an array of dual-polarized antenna elements, the method comprising:

[0032] For each polarization of each dual-polarized antenna element in an array of dual-polarized antenna elements:

[0033] Transmitting signals;

[0034] The power and / or phase of the transmitted signal are measured via a coupler of the corresponding dual-polarized antenna element;

[0035] Signals of the corresponding polarization of the respective dual-polarized antenna element are transmitted or received using power conditioning and / or phase conditioning adjusted at least according to measurements of the transmission coupler.

[0036] According to various, but not necessarily all, embodiments, an apparatus is provided, the apparatus comprising:

[0037] An array of dual-polarized antenna elements, wherein each dual-polarized antenna element includes...

[0038] A pair of orthogonally polarized feed lines, and

[0039] The coupler is configured to couple orthogonal polarization in the near field;

[0040] The control circuit system is configured to control the power and phase adjustment of the signal applied to the corresponding polarization feed line of the corresponding dual-polarization antenna element for each polarization and for each dual-polarization antenna element.

[0041] The measurement circuitry is configured to measure the power and / or phase of the signal transmitted from the respective dual-polarized antenna array, for each polarization and for each dual-polarized antenna element, via the corresponding coupler of the dual-polarized antenna element.

[0042] A calibration circuit system is configured to calibrate the control circuit system, wherein the calibration circuit system is configured to, for each polarization and for each dual-polarized antenna element, adjust the power and / or phase of the signal applied to the corresponding polarization feed line of the corresponding dual-polarized antenna element based on measurements of the power and / or phase of the signal transmitted from the corresponding dual-polarized antenna element for each polarization.

[0043] Examples of the claimed protection are provided according to various, but not necessarily all, embodiments. Attached Figure Description

[0044] Some examples will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0045] Figure 1 An example of the topic described in this article is shown;

[0046] Figure 2 Another example of the topics described in this article is shown;

[0047] Figure 3 Another example of the topics described in this article is shown;

[0048] Figure 4 Another example of the topics described in this article is shown;

[0049] Figure 5 Another example of the topics described in this article is shown;

[0050] Figure 6 Another example of the topics described in this article is shown; and

[0051] Figure 7 Another example of the topics described in this article is shown. Detailed Implementation

[0052] Figure 1 An example of a device 10 configured for radio communication using an array 20 with dual-polarized antenna elements 22 is shown. Figure 2 An example of a device 10 configured for radio communication using an array 20 with dual-polarized antenna elements 22 is also shown.

[0053] Figure 1 The dual-polarized antenna element 22, as well as the control circuit system 40, measurement circuit system 50, and calibration circuit system 60 associated with the dual-polarized antenna element 22 are shown in detail. Figure 2 An array 20 of dual-polarized antenna elements 22 is shown, along with a control circuit system 40, a measurement circuit system 50, and a calibration circuit system 60 associated with the array of dual-polarized antenna elements 22.

[0054] The device 10 includes an array 20 of dual-polarized antenna elements 22. Each dual-polarized antenna element 22 includes a pair of polarization feeds 24, 26 and a coupler 30 configured to couple orthogonal polarizations P1, P2 in the near field. The pair of polarization feeds 24, 26 can be used for orthogonal polarization (orthogonal polarization feeds). The pair of polarization feeds 24, 26 are configured differently and, in at least some examples, are physically aligned with each other at 90 degrees or close to 90 degrees.

[0055] Couplers 30 can be configured to have different sizes and / or different distances to antenna element 22. In some examples, the couplers 30 of at least some of the antenna elements in antenna element 22 are configured differently, for example, they have different sizes and / or different distances to antenna element 22.

[0056] The device 10 also includes a control circuit system 40, which is configured to control the power adjustment (A, B) and phase adjustment (a, b) of the signals 25, 27 applied to the respective polarization feed lines 24, 26 of the respective dual-polarization antenna element 22 for each polarization (P1, P2) and for each dual-polarization antenna element 22.

[0057] The device 10 also includes a measurement circuit system 50, which is configured to measure the power (X, Y) and / or phase (x, y) of the signal transmitted from the respective dual-polarized antenna array 20 for each polarization (P1, P2) and for each dual-polarized antenna element 22, via its respective coupler 32.

[0058] The device 10 also includes a calibration circuit system 60, which is configured to calibrate the control circuit system 40. The calibration circuit system 60 is configured to, for each polarization (P1, P2) and for each dual-polarized antenna element 22, adjust the power (A, B) and / or phase (a, b) of the signals 25, 27 applied to the respective polarization feed lines 24, 26 of the respective dual-polarized antenna element 22, based on a measurement 52 of the power (X, Y) and / or phase (x, y) of the signal transmitted from the respective dual-polarized antenna element 22 for each polarization (P1, P2).

[0059] Therefore, for each pair of polarized (P1, P2) and dual-polarized antenna elements 22

[0060] The power (X, Y) and / or phase (x, y) of the transmitted signal are measured, and these measurements are used to adjust the power (A, B) and / or phase (a, b) of the signal applied to each pair of polarized and dual-polarized antenna elements. In this way, the array 20 of dual-polarized antenna elements 22 is calibrated in use.

[0061] The power (X, Y) and / or phase (x, y) of the signal transmitted for each pair of polarizations (P1, P2) and dual-polarized antenna elements 22 are measured using a coupler 30 configured to couple orthogonal polarizations P1, P2 in the near field at each dual-polarized antenna element 22.

[0062] The use of the term "each" does not necessarily mean every single one. It means each of some or all of them. Therefore, "each dual-polarized antenna element" means "each of at least some of the dual-polarized antenna elements 22", and these terms are interchangeable.

[0063] In some, but not all, examples, the array 20 of dual-polarized antenna elements 22 is configured such that each dual-polarized antenna element includes: a pair of orthogonally polarized feed lines 24, 26, and a coupler 30 configured to symmetrically couple the orthogonal polarization in the near field.

[0064] Therefore, each dual-polarized antenna element 22 may include a coupler 30, which is used by the measurement circuitry system 50 to measure the power (X, Y) and / or phase (x, y) of the signal transmitted from the corresponding dual-polarized antenna array 20 for each polarization (P1, P2). The measurement circuitry system 50 may use a shared interconnect 32 to connect to the couplers 30 and measure each coupler 30 sequentially. Alternatively, the measurement circuitry system 50 may use separate interconnects 32 to connect to the couplers 30 and measure each coupler 30 in parallel and, for example, simultaneously.

[0065] The transmitted signal can be any suitable transmitted signal. It is used as a reference signal because it has the expected parameters (e.g., power, phase) for each pair of polarizations and antenna elements, against which the measured parameters can be compared. The transmitted signal can be a Tx signal allocated by the 3GPP (3rd Generation Partnership Project) rather than a specific non-3GGP Tx signal. The transmitted signal can be, for example, a sounding reference signal (SRS), a control signal (e.g., a signal transmitted on the Physical Uplink Control Channel PUCCH), or a data signal (e.g., a signal transmitted on the Physical Uplink Shared Channel PUSCH).

[0066] Signal 25 is represented as Aexp(ia) in the example, where A is the amplitude (power-related parameter) and a is the phase. Signal 27 is represented as Bexp(ib) in the example, where B is the amplitude (power-related parameter) and b is the phase. Therefore, the transmitted signal is Aexp(ia) at polarization P1 and Bexp(ib) at polarization P2. Measurement 52 assumes a signal Xexp(ix) at polarization P1 and a signal Yexp(iy) at polarization P2. Therefore, the measured parameters can be either phase x, y or amplitude x, Y.

[0067] Device 10 can autonomously configure the beams of array 20 in use without the need for in-flight calibration on the production line.

[0068] It should be understood that the control circuit system 40, the measurement circuit system 50, and the calibration circuit system 60 form a closed-loop control loop 64, which is configured to calibrate dual-polarized beamforming using the array 20 of dual-polarized antenna elements 22.

[0069] The closed-loop control loop 64 can operate autonomously to provide autonomous beam alignment.

[0070] The closed-loop control loop 64 can be used to maintain or change the direction of the dual-polarized beam in a specific direction. Therefore, control and measurement can be performed for a beam direction, and calibration can be performed for the same or different directions. Furthermore, control and measurement can be performed for the transmitted beam, and calibration can be performed for either the transmitted or received beam.

[0071] Therefore, in at least some examples, the control circuit system 40 is configured to control the power conditioning and / or phase conditioning applied to the respective polarization feed lines 24, 26 of the respective dual-polarized antenna element 22 for each polarization and for each dual-polarized antenna element, to control the first direction of the beam formed by the array 20, and the calibration circuit system 60 is configured to adjust the power conditioning and / or phase conditioning associated with the respective dual-polarized antenna element for each polarization and for each dual-polarized antenna element, to form a beam in the first direction.

[0072] Therefore, in at least some examples, the control circuit system 40 is configured to control the power conditioning and / or phase conditioning applied to the respective polarization feed lines 24, 26 of the respective dual-polarized antenna element 22 for each polarization, to control the first direction of the beam formed by the array 20, and the calibration circuit system 60 is configured to adjust the power conditioning and / or phase conditioning associated with the respective dual-polarized antenna element for each polarization, to form a beam in a second direction different from the first direction.

[0073] Therefore, in at least some examples, the calibration circuit system 60, configured as the calibration control circuit system 40, is configured to adjust the power regulation and / or phase regulation associated with the respective dual-polarized antenna element 22 for each polarization and for each dual-polarized antenna element 22, in order to control the direction of the uplink beam of the array 20.

[0074] Therefore, in at least some examples, the calibration circuitry 60 is configured to determine and store parameters for calibrating the control circuitry 40 to adjust the power and / or phase modulation associated with each dual-polarized antenna element 22 for each polarization, thereby controlling the direction of the uplink beam of the array 20. The stored parameters can then be used to calibrate the control circuitry 40 to adjust the power and / or phase modulation associated with each dual-polarized antenna element 22 for each polarization, thereby controlling the direction of the downlink beam of the array 20. Thus, the receive beam configuration can be equal to the transmit beam configuration.

[0075] The pair of orthogonal polarization feeds 24, 26 includes a CoPolar (P1) feed 24 and a CrossPolar (P2) feed 26. The pair of orthogonal polarization feeds 24, 26 have reflection symmetry in the virtual line 21, and the coupler 30 is located on the virtual line 21.

[0076] Although antenna element 22 is Figure 1 The antenna element 22 is shown as a square, but it should be understood that it can have different shapes and configurations. Any suitable antenna element 22 can be used. For example, it can be circular. In some, but not all, examples, the antenna element comprises one or more conductive patches. In some, but not all, examples, the one or more conductive patches can have reflective symmetry in the dummy line 21. The antenna elements 22 in array 20 can have the same shape, can have a limited number of different shapes that are reused, or can have different shapes.

[0077] In some, but not all, examples, each dual-polarized antenna element 22 includes a single coupler 30 connected to the measurement circuitry system 50 via a single conductive path. The near-field single coupler 30 is physically located very close to the antenna element 22 used for “sniffing” the radio frequency.

[0078] The transmitted signals may include orthogonal signals applied to the respective polarization feeds 24, 26 of the respective dual-polarization antenna elements 22.

[0079] For example, the transmitted signal can be a Zadoff-Chu sequence signal, such as the Master Synchronization Signal (PSS) or the Sounding Reference Signal (SRS) as specified by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP).

[0080] In some, but not all, examples, the measurement circuitry 50 is configured to simultaneously measure the power (X, Y) and / or phase (x, y) of the signal transmitted from the respective dual-polarized antenna element 22 for each polarization (P1, P2), for each dual-polarized antenna element 22, via its respective coupler 32. Therefore, simultaneous compensation for both polarizations can be performed using orthogonal reference signals.

[0081] Phase synchronization can be achieved by changing the absolute phase of a polarization while maintaining the relative phase difference between antenna elements 22. The relative phase difference is important for the angular direction of the beam.

[0082] In some, but not all, examples, the measurement circuitry 50 is configured to asynchronously measure the power (X, Y) and / or phase (x, y) of the signal transmitted from the respective dual-polarized antenna element 22 via its respective coupler 32 for each polarization (P1, P2) and for each dual-polarized antenna element 22.

[0083] In this example, the transmitted signals include time-separated signals applied to the respective polarization feeds 24, 26 of the respective dual-polarization antenna elements 22.

[0084] Figure 3 An example of the operation of control loop 64 is shown.

[0085] The control circuit system 40 is configured to control the power and / or phase adjustment of the signals 25, 27 applied to the corresponding polarization feed lines 24, 26 of the corresponding dual-polarization antenna element 22 for each polarization (P1, P2) and for each dual-polarization antenna element 22.

[0086] Measurement circuitry 50 is configured to measure the power and / or phase of the signal transmitted from the respective dual-polarized antenna array 20, for each polarization (P1, P2) and for each dual-polarized antenna element 22, via its respective coupler 30. Measurement 52 is provided to calibration circuitry 60.

[0087] The calibration circuit system 60 is configured as a calibration control circuit system 40. The calibration circuit system 60 is configured to, for each polarization (P1, P2) and for each dual-polarized antenna element 22, adjust the power and / or phase of the signals 25, 27 applied to the respective polarization feed lines 24, 26 of the respective dual-polarized antenna element 22 based on the measurement 52 of the power and / or phase of the signal transmitted from the respective dual-polarized antenna element 22 for each polarization (P1, P2).

[0088] In this example, the original signals 25 and 27 have expected power and phase values ​​at various antenna elements 22 during transmission. The measured power and phase values ​​52 are compared to the expected values ​​at the calibration circuit system 60. In this example, multiple delta values ​​are provided by the calibration circuit system 60 to the control circuit system 40. These delta values ​​inform the control circuit system 40 how to adjust the original signals 25 and 27 so that the measured power and phase during transmission more closely resemble the expected power and transmission values ​​for a specific beam direction.

[0089] The control loop 64 can iterate to continuously improve the similarity between the measured power and phase during transmission and the expected power and transmission values ​​for a specific beam direction. The loop can exit when the difference between the measured power and phase during transmission and the expected power and transmission values ​​for a specific beam direction determined by the calibration circuit system 60 is less than a threshold.

[0090] The control loop 64 can be iterated additionally or alternatively to maintain the similarity between the measured power and phase during transmission and the expected power and transmission values ​​for a particular beam direction.

[0091] Therefore, the phase adjustment applied to the signals 25 and 27 transmitted via the corresponding polarization feeds 24 and 26 can be an incremental value. Or the incremental value accumulated during the iteration process .

[0092] The original signal 25 will generate the expected near-field coupling signal to coupler 30. Therefore, if the original signal 25 is Aexp(ia) of polarization P1, the expected measurement should be Uexp(iu), which is compared with the actual measurement Xexp(ix). The comparison at calibration circuit system 60 produces a phase increment. The control circuit system 40 adjusts the phase of signal 25, making signal 25 become Aexp(i[a+ The comparison at point 60 of the calibration circuit system can also generate an amplitude increment. The control circuit system adjusts the amplitude of signal 25, causing signal 25 to become... .

[0093] Therefore, if the original signal 27 is Bexp(ib) of polarization P2, the expected measurement should be Vexp(iv), which is compared with the actual measurement Yexp(iy). The comparison at 60 of the calibration circuit system produces a phase increment. The control circuit system 40 adjusts the phase of signal 27, making signal 27 become Bexp(i[b+ The comparison at point 60 of the calibration circuit system can also generate an amplitude increment. The control circuit system adjusts the amplitude of signal 27, causing signal 27 to become... .

[0094] In some examples, an incremental phase is determined for each antenna element 22. Optionally, an incremental amplitude is determined for each antenna element 22. .

[0095] In some examples, an incremental phase is determined for an antenna element 22. And incremental phase The method can be reused on other antenna elements 22. Alternatively, an incremental amplitude can be determined for an antenna element (e.g., the same antenna element). And the magnitude of the increase This is repeated for other antenna elements 22. In some examples, the maximum incremental phase... It can be reused on other antenna elements 22. The maximum incremental phase can come from different antenna elements 22.

[0096] Therefore, control loop 64 can calibrate only the phase, or calibrate both the phase and amplitude.

[0097] Therefore, control loop 64 can calibrate the phase and amplitude separately, or simultaneously.

[0098] In some, but not all, examples, the calibration circuitry 60 is configured to determine an incremental phase value for each dual-polarized antenna element 22, for each corresponding polarization P1, P2. The calibration circuitry 60 is configured to compare the expected phase (u, v) of the coupled version of the original signal transmitted via the corresponding polarization feed 24, 26 via the corresponding coupler 30 with the measured phase (x, y) of the signals 25, 27 transmitted via the corresponding polarization feed 24, 26, wherein the expected phase (u, v) of the signals 25, 27 transmitted via the corresponding polarization feed 24, 26 depends on the phase adjustment applied to the signals 25, 27 transmitted via the corresponding polarization feed 24, 26. (If applicable). The calibration circuit system 60 can be configured to cause an effect on at least the maximum incremental phase value. Compensation.

[0099] In some, but not all, examples, for instance, the calibration circuit system 60 is configured to compensate for all incremental phase values ​​above a threshold by applying incremental phase values ​​as offset values ​​to adjust the phase of each of the corresponding signals 25, 27 that will be applied to the corresponding polarization feeds 24, 26 of the respective antenna elements 22 in the future.

[0100] In some, but not all, examples, the calibration circuitry 60 is configured to determine an incremental power value for each dual-polarized antenna element 22, for each corresponding polarization P1, P2. The calibration circuitry 60 is configured to compare the expected power (U, V) of the coupled version of the original signals 25, 27 transmitted via the corresponding polarization feeds 24, 26 via the corresponding coupler 30 with the measured power (X, Y) of the signals 25, 27 transmitted via the corresponding polarization feeds 24, 26, wherein the expected power (U, V) of the signals 25, 27 transmitted via the corresponding polarization feeds 24, 26 depends on the power conditioning applied to the signals 25, 27 transmitted via the corresponding polarization feeds 24, 26. (If applicable). The calibration circuit system 60 can be configured to cause an effect on at least the maximum increment amplitude value. Compensation.

[0101] In some, but not all, examples, the adjustment applied by the calibration circuit system 60 is configured to compensate for all incremental power values ​​above a threshold by applying incremental amplitude values ​​as offset values, in order to regulate the power adjustment of each of the corresponding signals 25, 27 to be applied in the future to the corresponding polarization feeds 24, 26 of the corresponding antenna elements 22.

[0102] Figure 4 A flowchart illustrating an example of the measurement calibration control process described above is shown.

[0103] In box 101, the user equipment (UE) is waiting for scheduled uplink (UL) resources.

[0104] In box 102, it is determined whether the allocated UL resources are used for the Sound Reference Signal (SRS). If yes, the process uses orthogonal branch 120. If no, the process uses non-orthogonal branch 122.

[0105] Orthogonal branch 120 begins at block 103, where the UE is configured as an orthogonal SRS signal for each of the Tx branches. There is one Tx branch for each polarization.

[0106] The control circuit system 40 controls, for each polarization (P1, P2) and for each dual-polarized antenna element 22, the power conditioning and / or phase conditioning (if any) of the transmitted SRS signals 25, 27 applied to the corresponding polarization feed lines 24, 26 of the corresponding dual-polarized antenna element 22.

[0107] In block 104, the measurement circuitry 50 measures the power and / or phase of the SRS signal transmitted from the respective dual-polarized antenna array 20 for each polarization (P1, P2) and for each dual-polarized antenna element 22, via its respective coupler 32.

[0108] In block 105, the calibration circuit system 60 calibrates the control circuit system 40 by adjusting the power and / or phase of the signals 25, 27 applied to the respective polarization feed lines 24, 26 of the respective dual-polarized antenna element 22 for each polarization (P1, P2) based on the power and / or phase measurements 52 of the signals transmitted from the respective dual-polarized antenna element 22 for each polarization (P1, P2). The power and / or phase adjustments are optimized for coherent transmission.

[0109] Non-orthogonal branch 122 begins in box 106, where the UE transmits scheduled UL data on a single polarization (P1 or P2) or simultaneously on two polarizations (P1 and P2).

[0110] The control circuit system 40 controls, for each polarization used (P1 and / or P2) and for each dual-polarized antenna element 22, the power conditioning and / or phase conditioning (if any) of the transmitted data signals 25 and / or 27 applied to the respective polarization feed lines 24 and / or 26 of the respective dual-polarized antenna element 22.

[0111] In block 107, the measurement circuitry 50 measures the power and / or phase of the data signal transmitted from the respective dual-polarized antenna array 20 for each polarization (P1 and / or P2) and for each dual-polarized antenna element 22, via its corresponding coupler 32. The UE measures individual combined values ​​for each of the antenna elements 22.

[0112] In this example, the transmitted signals include time-separated signals applied to the respective polarization feeds 24, 26 of the corresponding dual-polarization antenna elements 22. Alternatively, they may be combined non-orthogonal signals on the two polarizations. Therefore, measurements of the different polarizations are taken asynchronously.

[0113] In block 108, the calibration circuit system 60 calibrates the control circuit system 40 by adjusting the power and / or phase of the signals 25 and / or 27 applied to the respective polarization feed lines 24 and / or 26 of the respective dual-polarized antenna element 22 for each polarization (P1 and / or P2) based on the power and / or phase measurement 52 of the signals transmitted from the respective dual-polarized antenna element 22 for each polarization (P1 and / or P2).

[0114] Following the corresponding branches 120 and 122, in step 109, the UE waits for the currently scheduled UL transmission to complete.

[0115] In box 110, the UE determines whether the optimized control values ​​(power regulation and / or phase regulation) exceed a predetermined threshold. If not, the optimized control values ​​are not applied. If so, the optimized control values ​​are applied.

[0116] In block 111, the UE applies optimized control values ​​(power regulation and / or phase regulation). For each polarization (P1, P2), for at least some of the dual-polarized antenna elements 22, the control circuitry system 40 controls the power regulation and / or phase regulation of the transmitted SRS signals 25, 27 applied to the respective polarization feeds 24, 26 of the respective dual-polarized antenna elements 22.

[0117] Therefore, in some, but not necessarily all, examples, the measurement circuitry 50 is configured 120 to synchronously measure the power and / or phase of the signal transmitted from the respective dual-polarized antenna element 22 via its corresponding coupler 32 for each polarization (P1, P2) and for each dual-polarized antenna element 22. Thus, simultaneous compensation for both polarizations can be achieved using orthogonal reference signals. Phase synchronization can be achieved by changing the absolute phase of one polarization while maintaining the relative phase difference between the patches. The relative phase difference is important for the angular orientation of the beam.

[0118] Therefore, in some, but not necessarily all, examples, the measurement circuitry 50 is configured 122 to asynchronously measure the power and / or phase of the signal transmitted from the respective dual-polarized antenna element 22 via its corresponding coupler 30 for each used polarization (P1 and / or P2) for each dual-polarized antenna element 22. In this example, the transmitted signal may include time-separated signals applied to the respective polarization feeds 24 and / or 26 (25 and / or 27) of the respective dual-polarized antenna element 22.

[0119] Figure 5 An example of method 200 is shown. In this example, method 200 includes using calibrated dual-polarized antenna elements 22 of an array 20 of dual-polarized antenna elements 22 to transmit or receive dual-polarized signals.

[0120] For each polarization, method 200 includes a series of blocks of each dual-polarized antenna element 22 in an array 20 of dual-polarized antenna elements 22.

[0121] In block 202, the method includes transmitting signals 25 and / or 27.

[0122] In block 204, method 200 includes measuring the power and / or phase of the transmitted signals 25 and / or 27 via coupler 30 of the respective dual-polarized antenna element 22.

[0123] In block 206, method 200 includes transmitting or receiving signals of the respective polarizations 24 and / or 26 of the respective dual-polarized antenna element 22 during transmission using power conditioning and / or phase conditioning adjusted at least according to coupler measurement 52.

[0124] Each dual-polarized antenna element 22 includes a pair of orthogonal polarization feeds 24, 26 and a coupler 30 configured to couple orthogonal polarizations P1, P2 in the near field. In block 204, method 200, for each used polarization (P1 and / or P2) for each dual-polarized antenna element 22, measures the power and / or phase of the signal transmitted from the respective dual-polarized antenna array 20 via its corresponding coupler 32. The method also includes, for each used polarization (P1 and / or P2) for some or all of the dual-polarized antenna elements 22, adjusting the power and / or phase of the signals 25 and / or 27 applied to the respective polarization feeds 24 and / or 26 of the respective dual-polarized antenna element 22 based on the measurements 52 of the power (X and / or Y) and / or phase (x and / or y) of the signals transmitted from the respective dual-polarized antenna element 22 for each used polarization (P1 and / or P2). Then, for each polarization used (P1 and / or P2) and for each dual-polarized antenna element 22, power conditioning (U and / or V) and phase conditioning are applied to signals 25 and / or 27 of the respective polarization feeds 24 and / or 26 of the respective dual-polarized antenna element 22.

[0125] In this way, the array 20 of dual-polarized antenna elements 22 is calibrated during use.

[0126] Figure 6 Examples of controllers 300 suitable for use in device 10 to assist the performance of closed-loop feedback loop 64, and in particular the performance of calibration circuitry system 60, and in some examples, the performance of control circuitry system 40, are shown. In this example, calibration circuitry system 60 is in the digital domain. In some examples, control circuitry system 40 is entirely in the digital domain; in other examples, control circuitry system 40 is entirely in the analog domain; and in still other instances, control circuitry system 40 is partly in the digital domain and partly in the analog domain.

[0127] The controller 300 can be implemented as a controller circuit system. The controller 300 can be implemented solely in hardware, have some aspects of software including only firmware, or can be a combination of hardware and software (including firmware).

[0128] like Figure 6 As shown, the controller 300 can be implemented using instructions that enable hardware functions, for example, using executable instructions of a computer program 306 in a general-purpose or special-purpose processor 302, which can be stored on a computer-readable storage medium (disk, memory, etc.) 304 for execution by such processor 302.

[0129] Processor 302 is configured to read from and write to memory 304. Processor 302 may also include an output interface and an input interface, through which processor 302 outputs data and / or commands, and through which data and / or commands are input to processor 302.

[0130] Memory 304 stores a computer program 306 comprising computer program instructions (computer program code) that control the operation of device 10 when loaded into processor 302. The computer program instructions of computer program 306 provide logic and routines that enable the device to perform the methods shown in the figures. Processor 302 can load and execute computer program 306 by reading from memory 304.

[0131] Therefore, device 10 includes:

[0132] At least one processor 302; and

[0133] At least one memory 304 including computer program code,

[0134] At least one memory 304 and computer program code are configured to, together with at least one processor 302, cause the device 10 to perform at least the following:

[0135] For each polarization (P1, P2) and for each dual-polarized antenna element 22 in array 20, the power and / or phase of the signals 25, 27 transmitted from the respective dual-polarized antenna element 22 are measured by coupler 30 based on the power and / or phase of the signals 25, 27 transmitted from the respective dual-polarized antenna element 22 for each polarization (P1, P2), and the power and / or phase of the signals 25, 27 applied to the respective polarization feed lines 24, 26 of the respective dual-polarized antenna element 22 are adjusted.

[0136] like Figure 7 As shown, computer program 306 can reach device 10 via any suitable delivery mechanism 308. Delivery mechanism 308 can be, for example, a machine-readable medium, a computer-readable medium, a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium, a computer program product, a memory device, a recording medium (such as an optical disc read-only memory (CD-ROM) or a digital versatile disc (DVD) or solid-state memory), or an article of manufacture that includes or tangibly embodies computer program 306. The delivery mechanism can be a signal configured to reliably transmit computer program 306. Device 10 can propagate or transmit computer program 306 as a computer data signal.

[0137] Computer program instructions for causing the device to perform at least the following operations or for performing the following operations: for each polarization (P1, P2), for each dual-polarized antenna element 22 in the array 20, adjusting the power and / or phase of the signals 25, 27 transmitted from the respective dual-polarized antenna element 22 according to the power and / or phase measurements of the signals 25, 27 transmitted from the respective dual-polarized antenna element 22 for each polarization (P1, P2), and adjusting the power and / or phase of the signals 25, 27 applied to the respective polarization feed lines 24, 26 of the respective dual-polarized antenna element 22.

[0138] Computer program instructions can be included in a computer program, a non-transitory computer-readable medium, a computer program product, or a machine-readable medium. In some, but not all, examples, computer program instructions can be distributed across more than one computer program.

[0139] Although memory 304 is shown as a single component / circuit system, it can be implemented as one or more separate components / circuit systems, all or some of which can be integrated / removable, and / or can provide permanent / semi-permanent / dynamic / cache storage.

[0140] Although processor 302 is shown as a single component / circuit system, it can be implemented as one or more separate component / circuit systems, all or some of which may be integrated / removable. Processor 302 can be a single-core or multi-core processor.

[0141] References to “computer-readable storage medium,” “computer program product,” “computer program tangibly embodied,” or “controller,” “computer,” “processor,” etc., should be understood to include not only computers with different architectures (such as single / multiprocessor architectures and sequential (von Neumann) / parallel architectures), but also special-purpose circuits, such as field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), signal processing devices, and other processing circuitry systems. References to computer programs, instructions, code, etc., should be understood to encompass software such as programmable processors or firmware, including the programmable content of hardware devices, whether processor instructions or configuration settings for fixed-function devices, gate arrays, or programmable logic devices.

[0142] As used in this application, the term "circuit system" may refer to one or more or all of the following:

[0143] (a) Pure hardware circuit system implementation (such as implementations only in analog and / or digital circuit systems), and

[0144] (b) A combination of hardware circuitry and software, such as (if applicable):

[0145] (i) A combination of (multiple) analog and / or digital hardware circuits and software / firmware, and

[0146] (ii) Any part of a hardware processor(s) having software (including (multiple) digital signal processors), software, and memory, which work together to cause device 100 (such as a mobile phone or server) to perform various functions, and

[0147] (c) (Multiple) hardware circuits and / or (multiple) processors, such as (multiple) microprocessors or a portion thereof, which require software (e.g., firmware) to operate, but may be absent when operation is not required.

[0148] The definition of "circuit system" applies to all uses of the term in this application, including in any claim. As another example, as used in this application, the term "circuit system" also covers only implementations of hardware circuitry or processors and their accompanying software and / or firmware. For instance, if applicable to a particular claim element, the term "circuit system" also covers baseband integrated circuits for mobile devices or similar integrated circuits in servers, cellular network devices, or other computing or networking devices.

[0149] Device 10 may be, for example, a portable electronic device (e.g., a mobile cellular phone, smartphone, tablet, laptop, personal digital assistant, or handheld computer), a non-portable electronic device (e.g., a personal computer or base station), a portable multimedia device (e.g., a music player, video player, game console, etc.), or a module for such a device. Electronic device 200 may include a radio frequency (RF) circuitry configured to transmit and / or receive RF signals via an array 20 of dual-polarized antenna elements 22. As described above, device 10 includes one or more couplers 30. Device 10 also includes a control circuitry 40, a measurement circuitry 50, and a calibration circuitry 60, which may be the same circuitry, such as controller 300, or different circuitry systems.

[0150] The boxes shown in the accompanying drawings may represent steps in the method and / or code segments in computer program 306. The description of a specific order of boxes does not necessarily indicate that a required or preferred order exists, and the order and arrangement of boxes can be changed. Furthermore, some boxes may be omitted.

[0151] The examples above are specific applications for mmWave (FR2) devices that support MIMO, and particularly for UL MIMO in 3GPP. These operations operate in the frequency range of 24.25 GHz to 52.6 GHz, but are not limited to these ranges. For UL-MIMO, narrow 3D radiated beamwidths are expected at both the gNB and the UE, and this can be achieved using phased array beam control according to the examples above.

[0152] The conformance requirements for UL MiMo as specified by 3GPP (TS 38.101-2, Table 6.4D.4-1) and the beam alignment process between the UE and gNB as described in Section 6.1.6 of 3GPP TR38.802 and Section 5.2 of TS 38.214

[0153] The conformance requirements for UL MiMo specified by 3GPP (TS 38.101-2, Table 6.4D.4-1) are as follows.

[0154] This indicates the maximum permissible difference between measured relative power and phase and expected relative power and phase between different antenna array polarizations in any time slot within a specified time window starting from the last transmitted SRS at the same antenna port.

[0155] Optimal UL MiMo performance requires the UL MiMo reference signal (SRS) to be transmitted simultaneously (coherently) at the UE to obtain an accurate characterization of the current channel conditions. The properties of the phased array (both variations in inductive coupling and the physical structure of the array, including signal routing) will result in dynamic coherent behavior between the transmitted signals, which is dynamically compensated for as described above. This dynamic coherent behavior can be a consequence of beam configuration, power level, modulation and coding scheme (MCS), and / or frequency.

[0156] The above process can be tested in the equipment by manually altering the coupling between antenna elements and then observing whether the beam changes after calibration. The coupling between antenna elements can be altered by applying a strong jamming signal. The jamming signal is only applied when the UE is scheduled for SRS transmission. The required jamming power level will depend on the configured power level at the UE and the distance between the jamming antenna and the UE.

[0157] When a structural feature is described, the structural feature may be replaced by a component that performs one or more functions of the structural feature, whether the function or these functions are explicitly described or implicitly described.

[0158] The term "comprise" as used in this document is inclusive rather than exclusive. That is, any reference to X that includes Y means that X may include only one Y or may include multiple Ys. If the intention is to use "comprise" with an exclusive meaning, it will be clearly stated in the context by referring to "comprising only one" or using "consisting".

[0159] Various examples are referenced in this specification. Descriptions of features or functions associated with examples indicate that such features or functions exist in that example. The use of the terms “example,” “for example,” “may,” or “may” in the text indicates (whether explicitly stated or not) that such features or functions exist at least in the described example, whether or not they are described as examples, and that they may, but not necessarily, exist in some or all other examples. Therefore, “example,” “for example,” “may,” or “may” refers to a specific instance of a class of examples. An instance’s property can be a property of only that instance, a property of the class, or a property of a subclass of a class that includes some, but not all, instances of that class. Therefore, it is implicitly disclosed that features described with reference to one example and not another may be used as part of a working composition in that other example where possible, but are not necessarily required to be used in that other example.

[0160] Although examples have been described with reference to various examples in the preceding paragraphs, it should be understood that modifications may be made to the given examples without departing from the scope of the claims.

[0161] The features described above can be used in combinations other than those explicitly described above.

[0162] Although some features have been described with reference to certain characteristics, these functions can be performed by other features, whether or not they are described.

[0163] Although features have been described with reference to some examples, these features may also exist in other examples, whether or not they are described.

[0164] This document references the term "near field." Although this is considered a well-known technical term, further explanation and definition are provided below.

[0165] An electromagnetic field (EM) exists around an antenna, and the variation of these EM fields depends on their distance from the antenna. The IEEE antenna terminology standard defines three regions: (a) the reactive near-field, (b) the radiating near-field, and (c) the far-field. The antenna will have a maximum dimension D and a radiating wavelength X. The reactive near-field is defined as "the field region directly surrounding the antenna, where the reactive field dominates," and in this case, the field region extends from the antenna surface to the outer boundary. Where D>λ. The radiating near field is defined as "the field region of an antenna between the near-field region and the far-field region, where the radiated field dominates, and where the angular field distribution depends on the distance from the antenna. For an antenna focused at infinity, the radiating near field region is sometimes referred to as the Fresnel region based on an analogy with optical terminology. If the maximum total size of the antenna is very small compared to the wavelength, this field region may not exist. The radiating near field region typically falls within the following range: Where D > λ. The far field is defined as "the field region of an antenna where the angular field distribution is essentially independent of the distance from the antenna. For an antenna focused at infinity, the far field region is sometimes referred to as the Fraunhofer region based on an analogy with optical terminology." The far field region typically extends to the following range: , where D>λ.

[0166] The term "near field" includes the reaction near field and the radiation near field, but does not include the far field.

[0167] The terms “a” or “the” as used in this document are inclusive, not exclusive. That is, any reference to X that includes a (a) or the (the) Y indicates that X may include only one Y or may include multiple Ys, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. If “a” or “the” is intended to have an exclusive meaning, it will be clearly stated in the context. In some cases, “at least one” or “one or more” may be used to emphasize the inclusive meaning, but the omission of these terms should not be construed as inferring any exclusive meaning.

[0168] The term "and / or" means "and" or "or". If an object is configured to perform A and / or B, this means it can optionally perform A, it can optionally perform B, or it can optionally perform both A and B. In the example, it can be configured to perform only A. In the example, it can be configured to perform only B. In the example, it can be configured to perform only A and B. In the example, it can be configured to optionally perform one of A and B. In the example, it can be configured to optionally perform one or more of A and B.

[0169] Therefore, the term "and / or" can be replaced with wording based on one or more of these examples.

[0170] The presence of a feature (or combination of features) in a claim is a reference to that feature or combination of features itself, as well as a reference to a feature (equivalent feature) that achieves substantially the same technical effect. Equivalent features include, for example, features that are variations and achieve substantially the same result in substantially the same manner. Equivalent features include, for example, features that perform substantially the same function in substantially the same manner to achieve substantially the same result.

[0171] In this specification, various examples are referenced, and adjectives or adjective phrases are used to describe the characteristics of the examples. Such descriptions of characteristics associated with examples indicate that the characteristic exists exactly as described in some examples and substantially as described in others.

[0172] Although the foregoing specification attempts to draw attention to features considered important, it should be understood that the applicant may seek protection by means of any patentable feature or combination of features mentioned above and / or shown in the drawings, whether or not it is emphasized.

Claims

1. An apparatus for calibrating an array of dual-polarized antenna elements, comprising: An array of dual-polarized antenna elements, wherein each dual-polarized antenna element comprises: A pair of orthogonally polarized feed lines, and The coupler is configured to couple orthogonal polarization in the near field; The control circuitry is configured to control the power and / or phase adjustment of the signal applied to the corresponding polarization feed line of the corresponding dual-polarization antenna element for each polarization and for each dual-polarization antenna element. The measurement circuitry is configured to measure the power and / or phase of the signal transmitted from each dual-polarized antenna element, via a corresponding coupler of the dual-polarized antenna element, for each polarization and for each dual-polarized antenna element. A calibration circuit system is configured to calibrate the control circuit system, wherein the calibration circuit system is configured to, for each polarization and for each dual-polarized antenna element, adjust the power adjustment and / or the phase adjustment of the signal applied to the respective polarization feed line of the respective dual-polarized antenna element based on the measurement of the power and / or phase of the signal transmitted from the respective dual-polarized antenna element for each polarization; The control circuit system, the measurement circuit system, and the calibration circuit system form a closed-loop control loop, which is configured to iteratively and continuously improve the similarity between the measured power or measured phase during transmission and the expected power and expected phase values ​​during transmission for a specific beam direction until the similarity meets a threshold.

2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the closed-loop control loop is configured to use the array of the dual-polarized antenna elements to calibrate dual-polarized beamforming.

3. The apparatus of claim 1 or 2, wherein the control circuitry is configured to control, for each polarization and for each dual-polarized antenna element, power regulation and / or phase regulation applied to the respective polarization feed of the respective dual-polarized antenna element to control a first direction of the beam formed by the array of the dual-polarized antenna elements; and wherein the calibration circuitry is configured to adjust, for each polarization and for each dual-polarized antenna element, the power regulation and / or phase regulation associated with the respective dual-polarized antenna element to form a beam in the first direction.

4. The apparatus of claim 1 or 2, wherein the control circuitry is configured to control, for each polarization and for each dual-polarized antenna element, power regulation and / or phase regulation applied to the respective polarization feed of the respective dual-polarized antenna element to control a first direction of the beam formed by the array of the dual-polarized antenna elements; and wherein the calibration circuitry is configured to adjust, for each polarization and for each dual-polarized antenna element, the power regulation and / or phase regulation associated with the respective dual-polarized antenna element to form a beam in a second direction different from the first direction.

5. The apparatus of claim 1 or 2, wherein the calibration circuit system configured to calibrate the control circuit system is configured to: for each polarization, for each dual-polarized antenna element, adjust the power regulation and / or the phase regulation associated with the respective dual-polarized antenna element to control the direction of the uplink beam of the array of dual-polarized antenna elements.

6. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein the calibration circuitry is configured to determine and store parameters for calibrating the control circuitry to adjust the power modulation and / or phase modulation associated with the respective dual-polarized antenna element for each polarization and for each dual-polarized antenna element, to control the direction of the uplink beam of the array of dual-polarized antenna elements, wherein the stored parameters are used to calibrate the control circuitry to adjust the power modulation and / or phase modulation associated with the respective dual-polarized antenna element for each polarization and for each dual-polarized antenna element, to control the direction of the downlink beam of the array of dual-polarized antenna elements.

7. The apparatus of claim 1 or 2, wherein the pair of orthogonally polarized feed lines have reflective symmetry on the virtual line, and wherein the coupler is located on the virtual line.

8. The apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, wherein each dual-polarized antenna element comprises: A single coupler is connected to the measurement circuit system via a single shared conductive path.

9. The apparatus of claim 1 or 2, wherein the signal transmitted from the respective dual-polarized antenna element comprises an orthogonal signal applied to the respective polarization feed of the respective dual-polarized antenna element, or the signal transmitted from the respective dual-polarized antenna element is a detection reference signal.

10. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the measurement circuitry is configured to synchronously measure the power and / or phase of the signal transmitted from the respective dual-polarized antenna element via a corresponding coupler of the dual-polarized antenna element for each polarization and for each dual-polarized antenna element.

11. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the measurement circuitry is configured to asynchronously measure the power and / or phase of the signal transmitted from the respective dual-polarized antenna element, for each used polarization and for each dual-polarized antenna element, via a corresponding coupler of the dual-polarized antenna element.

12. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the signal transmitted from the respective dual-polarized antenna element comprises: The time-separated signal is applied to the corresponding polarization feed line of the corresponding dual-polarization antenna element.

13. The apparatus of claim 1 or 2, wherein the calibration circuit system is configured to: For each dual-polarized antenna element and for each corresponding polarization, an incremental phase value is determined. The calibration circuit system is configured to compare the expected phase of the signal transmitted via the corresponding polarization feed with the measured phase of the signal transmitted via the corresponding polarization feed, wherein the expected phase of the signal transmitted via the corresponding polarization feed depends on the phase adjustment applied to the signal transmitted via the corresponding polarization feed. The calibration circuit system is configured to cause compensation for at least the maximum incremental phase value.

14. The device of claim 1, wherein the device is a portable electronic device.

15. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program that, when run on one or more processors: Configure the coupler to couple orthogonal polarization in the near field; The control circuit system is configured to control the power and / or phase adjustment of the signal applied to the corresponding polarization feed line of the corresponding dual-polarization antenna element for each polarization and for each dual-polarization antenna element. The measurement circuitry is configured to measure the power and / or phase of the signal transmitted from each dual-polarized antenna element via a corresponding coupler for each polarization and each dual-polarized antenna element. The calibration circuit system is configured to calibrate the control circuit system, wherein the calibration circuit system is configured to, for each polarization and for each dual-polarized antenna element, adjust the power adjustment and / or the phase adjustment of the signal applied to the respective polarization feed line of the respective dual-polarized antenna element based on the measurement of the power and / or phase of the signal transmitted from the respective dual-polarized antenna element for each polarization; The control circuit system, the measurement circuit system, and the calibration circuit system form a closed-loop control loop, which is configured to iteratively and continuously improve the similarity between the measured power or measured phase during transmission and the expected power and expected phase values ​​during transmission for a specific beam direction, until the similarity meets a threshold.

16. A method for transmitting or receiving dual-polarized signals using dual-polarized antenna elements in an array of dual-polarized antenna elements, comprising: Orthogonal polarization is coupled in the near field via a coupler. The power and / or phase of the signal applied to the corresponding polarization feed line of the corresponding dual-polarization antenna element is controlled by the control circuit system for each polarization and for each dual-polarization antenna element. The power and / or phase of the signal transmitted from the respective dual-polarized antenna element are measured via a measurement circuit system, for each polarization and for each dual-polarized antenna element, via the corresponding coupler of the dual-polarized antenna element. The control circuit system is calibrated via a calibration circuit system, wherein the calibration circuit system is configured to, for each polarization and for each dual-polarized antenna element, adjust the power adjustment and / or the phase adjustment of the signal applied to the respective polarization feed line of the respective dual-polarized antenna element based on the measurement of the power and / or phase of the signal transmitted from the respective dual-polarized antenna element for each polarization; and Transmit regulated signals; The control circuit system, the measurement circuit system, and the calibration circuit system form a closed-loop control loop, which is configured to iteratively and continuously improve the similarity between the measured power or measured phase during transmission and the expected power and expected phase values ​​during transmission for a specific beam direction, until the similarity meets a threshold.

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