Polypropylene dielectric energy storage material and application and capacitor film thereof

Abstract

This invention belongs to the field of polymers and relates to a polypropylene dielectric energy storage material and its application in the preparation of high-temperature energy storage dielectric materials and capacitor films. The polypropylene dielectric energy storage material comprises structural units derived from polypropylene as the matrix phase and structural units derived from alkenyl functional monomers as the dispersed phase. The ash content of the polypropylene dielectric energy storage material is less than 50 ppm. The mass ratio of structural units derived from alkenyl functional monomers in a grafted state to structural units derived from alkenyl functional monomers in a self-polymerized state in the polypropylene dielectric energy storage material is greater than or equal to 1.0. The D50 of the dispersed phase is less than 450 nm. The polypropylene dielectric energy storage material of this invention can maintain good dielectric and energy storage performance at high operating temperatures and is suitable for high-temperature and high-field-strength operating conditions.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of polymers, specifically relating to a polypropylene dielectric energy storage material, its application in the preparation of high-temperature energy storage dielectric materials, and a capacitor film. Background Technology

[0002] Energy is the driving force of modern societal development. In recent years, with the rapid development of new energy, aerospace, underground resource extraction, and national defense industries, the demand for dielectric capacitors has increased year by year, and they are required to operate under more stringent temperature conditions. However, thin-film capacitors, primarily composed of polymer dielectric materials, have poor thermal stability and cannot operate stably in high-temperature environments. Especially under high electric fields, the temperature rise causes the leakage current inside the polymer dielectric to increase exponentially, resulting in a sharp decrease in charging and discharging efficiency and energy storage density, failing to meet application requirements. More seriously, the leakage current is converted into Joule heat, causing the capacitor temperature to rise continuously, ultimately leading to damage.

[0003] Biaxially oriented polypropylene (BOPP) is currently the most commercially available and widely used polymer film capacitor dielectric material. It has excellent comprehensive performance and mature large-scale preparation process, and is now widely used in industries such as electric vehicles, wind power, photovoltaics, lighting and railway locomotives.

[0004] However, an inherent drawback of polypropylene film capacitors is their poor dielectric energy storage performance and significantly reduced reliability at high temperatures. For example, at room temperature, BOPP can still achieve a charge-discharge efficiency of over 95% even when close to its breakdown field strength, but at 120°C, its efficiency drops to about 70%. This not only significantly reduces its energy storage density but also generates a large amount of waste heat that accumulates inside the device, ultimately leading to overheating and damage (thermal runaway).

[0005] Currently, there are two main types of methods to improve the operating temperature of polymer capacitor films from a materials perspective. The first type is to improve the thermal stability of the polymer dielectric material, that is, to synthesize materials with a high glass transition temperature (T0). g The first method involves polymer dielectric materials. The second method involves introducing a second-phase filler into the polymer dielectric material to prepare a composite material. This filler particles capture and scatter charge carriers to suppress leakage current in the polymer under high temperature and high electric field conditions. However, both methods suffer from complex manufacturing processes, making large-scale industrial production difficult.

[0006] Therefore, it is necessary to find a new type of polypropylene dielectric energy storage material with obvious controllability of dielectric energy storage characteristics, simple preparation process, and good fit for practical engineering applications.

[0007] Grafting modification is a common method for functionalizing polypropylene. Commonly used methods include melt grafting and solid-phase grafting. Melt grafting equipment is simple and inexpensive, but the reaction temperature is high, the process is difficult to control, and there are many byproducts. It is also limited to a limited range of applicable monomers and is currently only used for the preparation of anhydride-based or a few acrylate-based compatibilizers. Solid-phase grafting occurs at temperatures below the melting point of polypropylene, resulting in fewer side reactions, higher grafting efficiency, and a wider range of applicable graft monomers. For example, Y. Pan et al. studied the reaction conditions for solid-phase grafting of glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) onto polypropylene in "Solid-phase grafting of glycidyl methacrylate onto polypropylene." (Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 1997, 65(10): 1905-1912), and pointed out that the influencing factors of solid-phase grafting and melt grafting are significantly different. Suspension grafting is a special type of solid-phase grafting. By introducing an aqueous medium as a dispersant into the reaction system, the reaction temperature is further reduced, improving the uniformity of grafting and reducing the formation of byproducts. In addition, Li Qiaojun et al. discussed the reaction conditions and influencing factors of polypropylene suspension grafting with styrene in "Study on polypropylene suspension grafting with styrene" (Synthetic Resins and Plastics, 1996, 13(1):7-10.). Zhu Baodong et al. reported that a polypropylene dimonomer graft with a grafting rate of 8.97% was obtained by aqueous suspension grafting in "Polypropylene aqueous suspension grafting with styrene and maleic anhydride" (Modern Plastics Processing and Application, 2009, 5:3.). Summary of the Invention

[0008] The purpose of this invention is to provide a polypropylene dielectric energy storage material and its application in the preparation of high-temperature energy storage dielectric materials and capacitor films. This polypropylene dielectric energy storage material has a high operating temperature and high energy storage efficiency, and can maintain high energy storage efficiency and energy storage density even at higher operating temperatures.

[0009] A first aspect of the present invention provides a polypropylene dielectric energy storage material comprising structural units derived from polypropylene as a matrix phase and structural units derived from alkenyl functional monomers as a dispersed phase; the ash content of the polypropylene dielectric energy storage material is less than 50 ppm, preferably less than 36 ppm, more preferably less than 30 ppm; the mass ratio of structural units derived from alkenyl functional monomers and in a grafted state to structural units derived from alkenyl functional monomers and in a self-polymerized state in the polypropylene dielectric energy storage material is greater than or equal to 1.0, preferably 1.1 to 10, more preferably 1.2 to 6; the D50 of the dispersed phase is less than 450 nm, preferably 50 to 400 nm.

[0010] A second aspect of the present invention provides the application of the above-described polypropylene dielectric energy storage material in energy storage media, particularly high-temperature energy storage media.

[0011] A third aspect of the present invention provides a capacitor film, which is one or more layers, wherein at least a portion of at least one layer is the aforementioned polypropylene dielectric energy storage material.

[0012] The polypropylene dielectric energy storage material of this invention has a wide operating temperature range. In particular, it maintains good dielectric and energy storage properties even at higher operating temperatures, making it especially suitable for high-temperature and high-field-strength operating conditions. Compared with inorganic filler doping technology, grafting modification can form a uniformly distributed nanoscale dispersed phase in the composite material, avoiding the problems of difficulty in adding and dispersing inorganic fillers. Compared with surface modification, bulk modification has a simpler process flow, produces a uniformly dispersed phase, and has a stable structure, making it less prone to functional monomer layer detachment due to external forces during use.

[0013] Other features and advantages of the present invention will be described in detail in the following detailed description section. Attached Figure Description

[0014] Exemplary embodiments of the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0015] Figure 1 The image shows the microstructure of the product sample in Example 1 under a 20,000x electron microscope, where the spherical dispersed phase is an aggregate of styrene structural units.

[0016] Figure 2 This is a microscopic image of the product sample in Example 2 under a 20,000x electron microscope.

[0017] Figure 3 This is a microscopic image of the product sample in Example 3 under a 20,000x electron microscope.

[0018] Figure 4 This is a microscopic image of the product sample in Example 10 under a 20,000x electron microscope.

[0019] Figure 5 The image shows the microstructure of the product sample in Comparative Example 1 under a 20,000x electron microscope, with no visible dispersed phase. Detailed Implementation

[0020] The following provides a detailed description of specific embodiments of the present invention. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for illustrative and explanatory purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.

[0021] This invention provides a polypropylene dielectric energy storage material, comprising structural units derived from polypropylene as the matrix phase and structural units derived from alkenyl functional monomers as the dispersed phase; the ash content of the polypropylene dielectric energy storage material is less than 50 ppm, preferably less than 36 ppm, more preferably less than 30 ppm; the mass ratio of structural units derived from alkenyl functional monomers in a grafted state to structural units derived from alkenyl functional monomers in a self-polymerized state in the polypropylene dielectric energy storage material is greater than or equal to 1.0, preferably 1.1 to 10, more preferably 1.2 to 6; the D50 of the dispersed phase is less than 450 nm, preferably 50 to 400 nm.

[0022] According to the present invention, preferably, the polypropylene dielectric energy storage material has at least one of the following characteristics: a melt flow rate of 1–10 g / 10 min at 230°C and a load of 2.16 kg, more preferably 1.5–8 g / 10 min, and even more preferably 2–5 g / 10 min. Melting temperature T m The temperature range is 155–168℃, preferably 157–165℃. The flexural modulus is 1400–2000 MPa, preferably 1500–1800 MPa.

[0023] In this invention, the term "structural unit" refers to a part of a polypropylene dielectric energy storage material, and its form is not limited. Specifically, "structural unit derived from polypropylene" refers to a product formed from polypropylene, which includes both "group" and "polymer" forms. "Structural unit derived from alkenyl functional monomers" refers to a product formed from alkenyl functional monomers, which includes both "group" and "self-polymerized" forms. The "structural unit" can be a repeating unit or a non-repeating independent unit. A structural unit derived from alkenyl functional monomers in a "grafted state" refers to a structural unit derived from alkenyl functional monomers that has formed a covalent bond (graft) with polypropylene.

[0024] Specifically, the polypropylene dielectric energy storage material has an "island structure," such as... Figure 1 As shown. The "sea" phase is the matrix phase, formed from structural units derived from polypropylene. The "island" phase is the dispersed phase, formed from structural units derived from alkenyl functional monomers.

[0025] According to the present invention, preferably, the polypropylene dielectric energy storage material is prepared by grafting polypropylene and an alkenyl-containing functional monomer, more preferably by a suspension grafting reaction. The grafting reaction of the present invention is a free radical polymerization reaction; therefore, "in the grafted state" refers to the state in which the monomer, after free radical polymerization, forms a bond with another reactant. "The self-polymerized state" refers to the state in which the monomer forms a self-polymer and is not bonded (grafted) to another reactant. The bond includes both direct and indirect bonds.

[0026] According to the present invention, preferably, the polypropylene dielectric energy storage material has at least one of the following characteristics:

[0027] - Maximum operating temperature ≥100℃, preferably 110~160℃, more preferably 120~145℃;

[0028] The breakdown field strength at -120℃ is Eg≥500MV / m, preferably 550~800MV / m;

[0029] DC volume resistivity ρ at -120℃ and 200MV / m electric field strength vg ≥6.0×10 13 Ω·m, preferably 1.0 × 10 14 Ω·m~1.0×10 20 Ω·m;

[0030] The dielectric constant at -120℃ and 100Hz is greater than 2.25, preferably 2.26 to 2.65;

[0031] The dielectric loss at -120℃ and 100Hz is less than 1.5E-3, preferably 1.0E-6 to 1.3E-3;

[0032] The energy storage density at -120℃ and 300MV / m is greater than 0.720J / cm³. 3 The preferred value is 0.740–2.0 J / cm³. 3 ;

[0033] The energy storage efficiency at -120℃ and 300MV / m is greater than 90.0%, preferably 92.0% to 99.0%.

[0034] The aforementioned properties of the polypropylene dielectric energy storage material described in this invention were measured by fabricating it into a thin film.

[0035] The alkenyl group in the alkenyl-containing functional monomer of the present invention is used for grafting with polypropylene. Therefore, any alkenyl-containing functional monomer with the alkenyl group located in a reactive position is applicable to the present invention.

[0036] Specifically, the alkenyl-containing functional monomer is selected from at least one monomer having the structure shown in Formula 1.

[0037]

[0038] In Equation 1, R b R c R d Each is independently selected from H, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups; R a Selected from substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy groups, substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups, substituted or unsubstituted ester groups, substituted or unsubstituted carboxyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl or heterocyclic groups, cyano groups, and substituted or unsubstituted silyl groups; R a and R d Arrange the rings arbitrarily.

[0039] According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, R b R c R d Each is independently selected from H, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C6 alkyl groups; R a Selected from substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 20 Alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 20 Alkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted C6-C 20 aryl, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 20 Ester group, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 20 Carboxyl, substituted or unsubstituted C3-C 20 Cycloalkyl or heterocyclic, cyano, substituted or unsubstituted C3-C 20 Silyl group; the substituted group is halogen, -OH, -NH2, =O, C1-C 12 Alkyl, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, C1-C 12 alkoxy groups, C1-C 12 Acyloxy group; R a and R d Optionally, it can form a 4-6 membered heterocycle with a double bond.

[0040] According to a more preferred embodiment of the present invention, wherein R b R c R d Each is independently selected from H, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C6 alkyl groups;

[0041] R a It is selected from at least one of the groups shown in Formula 2, Formula 3, Formula 4, Formula 5, Formula 6, and heterocyclic groups;

[0042]

[0043] In Equation 2, R4 -R 8 Each is independently selected from H, halogen, hydroxyl, amino, phosphate group, sulfonic acid group, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C. 12 Alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C3-C 12 cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 12 alkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 12 ester group, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 12 The substituted amino group, wherein the substituted group is selected from halogen, hydroxyl, amino, phosphate, sulfonic acid, C1-C 12 Alkyl, C3-C 12 cycloalkyl, C1-C 12 alkoxy groups, C1-C 12 ester group, C1-C 12 The amino group; preferably, R 4 -R 8 Each is independently selected from H, halogen, hydroxyl, amino, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C6 alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C6 alkoxy;

[0044]

[0045] In Equation 3, R4-R 10 Each is independently selected from H, halogen, hydroxyl, amino, phosphate group, sulfonic acid group, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C. 12 Alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C3-C 12 cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 12 alkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 12 ester group, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 12 The substituted amino group, wherein the substituted group is selected from halogen, hydroxyl, amino, phosphate, sulfonic acid, C1-C 12 Alkyl, C3-C 12 cycloalkyl, C1-C 12 alkoxy groups, C1-C 12 ester group, C1-C 12 The amino group; preferably, R4-R 10 Each of the groups is independently selected from H, halogen, hydroxyl, amino, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C6 alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C6 alkoxy, wherein the substituted group is selected from halogen, hydroxyl, amino, C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 alkoxy;

[0046]

[0047] In Equation 4, R4'-R 10Each group is independently selected from H, halogen, hydroxyl, amino, phosphate, sulfonic acid, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C. 12 Alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C3-C 12 cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 12 alkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 12 ester group, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 12 The substituted amino group, wherein the substituted group is selected from halogen, hydroxyl, amino, phosphate, sulfonic acid, C1-C 12 Alkyl, C3-C 12 cycloalkyl, C1-C 12 alkoxy groups, C1-C 12 ester group, C1-C 12 The amino group; preferably, R4'-R 10 Each of the following is independently selected from H, halogen, hydroxyl, amino, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C6 alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C6 alkoxy, wherein the substituted group is selected from halogen, hydroxyl, amino, C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 alkoxy;

[0048]

[0049] In Equation 5, R', R”, and R”' are each independently selected from substituted or unsubstituted C1-C. 12 Straight-chain alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C3-C 12 Branched alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 12 alkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 12 The acyloxy group; preferably, R1 is a C2-C6 alkenyl group, preferably a monounsaturated alkenyl group; R2, R3, and R4 are each independently selected from substituted or unsubstituted C1-C6 straight-chain alkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted C3-C6 branched alkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C6 alkoxy groups, and substituted or unsubstituted C1-C6 acyloxy groups;

[0050]

[0051] In Equation 6, R m Selected from hydroxyl groups and / or substituted or unsubstituted groups: C1-C 20 Straight-chain alkyl, C3-C 20 Branched alkyl, C3-C 12 cycloalkyl, C3-C 12 Epoxyalkyl, C3-C 12 Epoxyalkylalkyl, wherein the substituted group is selected from at least one of halogen, amino and hydroxyl groups;

[0052] The heterocyclic group is selected from imidazole, pyrazol, carbazole, pyrrolidone, pyridinyl, piperidinyl, caprolactam, pyrazinyl, thiazolyl, purine, morpholino, and oxazolino.

[0053] According to a specific embodiment of the present invention, the alkenyl-containing functional monomer is a styrene monomer, wherein the styrene monomer is selected from at least one of styrene, α-methylstyrene, 1-vinylnaphthalene, 2-vinylnaphthalene, monosubstituted or polysubstituted styrene, monosubstituted or polysubstituted α-methylstyrene, monosubstituted or polysubstituted 1-vinylnaphthalene, and monosubstituted or polysubstituted 2-vinylnaphthalene; the substituted group is preferably selected from at least one of halogen, hydroxyl, amino, phosphate group, sulfonic acid group, C1-C8 straight-chain alkyl, C3-C8 branched alkyl or cycloalkyl, C1-C6 straight-chain alkoxy, C3-C8 branched alkoxy or cyclic alkoxy, C1-C8 straight-chain ester group, C3-C8 branched ester group or cyclic ester group, C1-C8 straight-chain amino group, and C3-C8 branched amino group or cyclic amino group; preferably, the styrene monomer is selected from at least one of styrene, α-methylstyrene, 2-methylstyrene, 3-methylstyrene, and 4-methylstyrene.

[0054] According to a specific embodiment of the present invention, the alkenyl-containing functional monomer is an alkenyl-containing silane monomer, wherein the alkenyl-containing silane monomer is selected from at least one of vinyltriethoxysilane, vinyltrimethoxysilane, vinyltriisopropoxysilane, vinyltritert-butoxysilane, vinyltriacetoxysilane, methylvinyldimethoxysilane, ethylvinyldiethoxysilane, allyltriethoxysilane, allyltrimethoxysilane, allyltriisopropoxysilane, vinyltris(β-methoxyethoxy)silane, allyltris(β-methoxyethoxy)silane, allyltritert-butoxysilane, allyltriacetoxysilane, methylallyldimethoxysilane, and ethylallyldiethoxysilane.

[0055] According to one specific embodiment of the present invention, the alkenyl-containing functional monomer is an acrylate monomer and / or an acrylic monomer. Preferably, the acrylate monomer is selected from at least one of methyl methacrylate, sec-butyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, n-butyl methacrylate, isobutyl methacrylate, tert-butyl methacrylate, isooctyl methacrylate, dodecyl methacrylate, coconut oleate methacrylate, octadecyl methacrylate, dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate, diethylaminoethyl methacrylate, dimethylaminopropyl methacrylate, and glycidyl methacrylate. Preferably, the acrylic monomer is selected from at least one of acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, and 2-ethylacrylic acid.

[0056] In this invention, C3-C 12 Epoxyalkyl refers to an alkyl group that has 3-12 carbon atoms and is substituted with an epoxyalkyl group, such as ethylene oxide methyl.

[0057] According to a specific embodiment of the present invention, the alkenyl-containing functional monomer is an alkenyl-containing heterocyclic compound. The alkenyl-containing heterocyclic monomer of the present invention can be any alkenyl-containing heterocyclic compound capable of free radical polymerization, and can be selected from at least one of the following: imidazoles containing alkenyl substituents, pyrazoles containing alkenyl substituents, carbazoles containing alkenyl substituents, pyrrolidones containing alkenyl substituents, pyridines or pyridine salts containing alkenyl substituents, piperidines containing alkenyl substituents, caprolactams containing alkenyl substituents, pyrazines containing alkenyl substituents, thiazoles containing alkenyl substituents, purines containing alkenyl substituents, morpholines containing alkenyl substituents, and oxazolines containing alkenyl substituents; preferably, the alkenyl-containing heterocyclic monomer is a monoalkenyl-containing heterocyclic monomer.

[0058] Specifically, the alkenyl-containing heterocyclic monomer may be selected from at least one of the following: 1-vinylimidazolium, 2-methyl-1-vinylimidazolium, N-allylimidazolium, 1-vinylpyrazole, 3-methyl-1-vinylpyrazole, vinylcarbazole, N-vinylpyrrolidone, 2-vinylpyridine, 3-vinylpyridine, 4-vinylpyridine, 2-methyl-5-vinylpyridine, vinylpyridine N-oxide, vinylpyridine salt, vinylpiperidine, N-vinylcaprolactam, 2-vinylpyrazine, N-vinylpiperazine, 4-methyl-5-vinylthiazole, N-vinylpurine, vinylmorpholine, and vinyloxazoline.

[0059] According to the present invention, the alkenyl-containing functional monomer may further be at least one selected from maleic anhydride, maleimide and its derivatives, itaconic anhydride, and α-methylene-γ-butyrolactone. Preferably, the alkenyl-containing functional monomer is maleic anhydride.

[0060] In this invention, various types of alkenyl-containing functional monomers can be used alone or in combination with one or more.

[0061] The polypropylene mentioned in this invention refers to the polypropylene portion of the grafted material, or it can refer to ungrafted polypropylene, which can be a propylene homopolymer or a propylene copolymer containing ethylene or butene units. More preferably, the polypropylene powder is a homopolymer polypropylene with an isotacticity greater than 96%, more preferably greater than 96.5%; or a copolymer polypropylene with a total content of ethylene and butene units of less than 3.0 mol% based on the total molar amount of structural units, for example, 2.5 mol%, 2 mol%, 1.5 mol%, 1 mol%, 0.9 mol%, 0.8 mol%, 0.7 mol%, 0.6 mol%, 0.5 mol%, 0.4 mol%, 0.3 mol%, 0.2 mol%, or 0.1 mol%. Preferably, the total content of ethylene and butene units in the copolymer polypropylene is greater than 0 and less than 0.1 mol%, or greater than 0.1 mol% and less than or equal to 3.0 mol%.

[0062] According to the present invention, in order to obtain the polypropylene dielectric energy storage material with the aforementioned characteristics, it is preferable to use polypropylene having the following characteristics: particle size of 16 to 50 mesh; ash content of less than 55 ppm, preferably less than 40 ppm, more preferably less than 35 ppm; and flexural modulus of 1400 to 2000 MPa, preferably 1500 to 1800 MPa.

[0063] In addition to the above-mentioned features, the polypropylene preferably also has at least one of the following features: a melt flow rate of 0.5 to 10 g / 10 min at 230°C and 2.16 kg load, preferably 1 to 5 g / 10 min, more preferably 2 to 4 g / 10 min; and / or a melt temperature Tm of 150°C or higher, preferably 153 to 180°C, more preferably 155 to 167°C.

[0064] The polypropylene powder suitable for this invention is commercially available or can be prepared by the methods described in Chinese patents CN109694427A, CN109694428A, CN104558813A, CN109912734A, CN111019025A, and CN105431459A.

[0065] The polypropylene dielectric energy storage material of the present invention can be prepared by a method comprising the following steps: in the presence of an inert gas, a reaction mixture comprising polypropylene and an alkenyl functional monomer is subjected to a grafting reaction to obtain the polypropylene dielectric energy storage material.

[0066] The grafting reaction of this invention can be carried out with reference to various methods conventional in the art, preferably a suspension grafting reaction. For example, active grafting sites are formed on polypropylene in the presence of an alkenyl-containing functional monomer for grafting, or active grafting sites are first formed on polypropylene and then treated with a grafting monomer. Grafting sites can be formed by treatment with a free radical initiator, or by high-energy ionizing radiation or microwave treatment. Free radicals generated in the polymer as a result of chemical or radiation treatment form grafting sites on the polymer and initiate monomer polymerization at these sites.

[0067] Preferably, the grafting site is initiated by a free radical initiator and a grafting reaction is further carried out. In this case, the reaction mixture further includes a free radical initiator; more preferably, the free radical initiator is selected from peroxide free radical initiators and / or azo free radical initiators.

[0068] The peroxide radical initiator is preferably selected from at least one of benzoyl peroxide, dicumyl peroxide, di-tert-butyl peroxide, lauroyl peroxide, dodecyl peroxide, tert-butyl peroxide, diisopropyl peroxide, tert-butyl peroxide, and dicyclohexyl peroxide; the azo radical initiator is preferably azobisisobutyronitrile and / or azobisisoheptanenitrile.

[0069] More preferably, the grafting site is initiated by a peroxide-based free radical initiator and the grafting reaction is further carried out.

[0070] Furthermore, the grafting reaction of the present invention can also be carried out by the methods described in CN106543369A, CN104499281A, CN102108112A, CN109251270A, CN1884326A and CN101492517B.

[0071] Provided that the above-mentioned product characteristics are met, the present invention does not impose any particular limitation on the amount of each component used in the grafting reaction. Specifically, the mass ratio of the free radical initiator to the alkenyl-containing functional monomer can be 0.1 to 10:100, preferably 0.5 to 5:100. The mass ratio of the alkenyl-containing functional monomer to the polypropylene can be 0.5 to 25:100, preferably 1 to 20:100.

[0072] The present invention does not particularly limit the process conditions for the grafting reaction. Specifically, the temperature of the grafting reaction can be 30-110°C, preferably 60-95°C; the time can be 0.5-10h, preferably 1-6h.

[0073] In this invention, the "reaction mixture" includes all materials added to the grafting reaction system. The materials can be added all at once or at different stages of the reaction.

[0074] The reaction mixture of the present invention also includes deionized water as a dispersant. The amount of deionized water is 300-800% of the total mass of the polypropylene powder and the alkenyl-containing functional monomer.

[0075] The reaction mixture of the present invention may further include an organic solvent as a solvent for dissolving the solid free radical initiator. The organic solvent preferably includes at least one of C2-C5 alcohols, C2-C4 ethers, and C3-C5 ketones; more preferably, it includes at least one of C2-C4 alcohols, C2-C3 ethers, and C3-C5 ketones; and most preferably, it includes at least one of ethanol, diethyl ether, and acetone. The mass content of the organic solvent is preferably 1-35% of the mass of the polypropylene powder.

[0076] According to the present invention, the preparation method of the polypropylene dielectric energy storage material may be selected from one of the following methods:

[0077] Method 1, the preparation method includes the following steps:

[0078] a. Place the polypropylene powder in a closed reactor and replace it with an inert gas;

[0079] b. Add the free radical initiator and the alkenyl-containing functional monomer to the closed reactor and stir to mix;

[0080] c. Add deionized water to raise the temperature of the reaction system to the grafting reaction temperature and carry out the grafting reaction; optionally, allow the reaction system to swell before or after adding deionized water;

[0081] d. After the reaction is complete, the mixture is filtered and dried to obtain the polypropylene dielectric energy storage material.

[0082] Method 2, the preparation method includes the following steps:

[0083] a. Place the polypropylene powder in a closed reactor and replace it with an inert gas;

[0084] b. Mix the organic solvent and the free radical initiator, and add them to the closed reactor;

[0085] c. Remove the organic solvent, add an alkenyl-containing functional monomer, and optionally swell the reaction system;

[0086] d. Add deionized water to raise the temperature of the reaction system to the grafting reaction temperature and carry out the grafting reaction;

[0087] e. After the reaction is complete, the material is filtered and dried to obtain the polypropylene dielectric energy storage material.

[0088] According to the method of the present invention, the polypropylene powder used can be commercially available as a product with a suitable particle size, or it can be purchased or made in-house and then screened. Therefore, the present invention may also include a step of screening pretreatment of the polypropylene powder. Screening can be achieved using conventional sieving methods. According to a preferred embodiment, the screening pretreatment includes the following steps: screening the powder using a double-layer vibrating screen or linear screen equipped with a screen of appropriate mesh size, and using the polypropylene powder in the middle layer of the screening machine as the reactant to obtain raw material powder with a corresponding particle size range.

[0089] According to a more specific embodiment of the present invention, the preparation method of the polypropylene dielectric energy storage material is selected from one of the following methods:

[0090] Method 1, the preparation method includes the following steps:

[0091] a. Use a double-layer vibrating screen or linear screen equipped with 16-mesh and 48-mesh screens to screen the powder, and use the polypropylene powder in the middle layer of the screening machine as the reaction material.

[0092] b. Place the polypropylene powder in the middle layer of the screening machine into a closed reactor for inert gas replacement;

[0093] c. Dissolve the free radical initiator in an alkenyl functional monomer to prepare a solution, add it to a closed reactor containing polypropylene, and stir to mix.

[0094] d. Add deionized water, heat the system to the graft polymerization temperature of 30-110°C, and react for 0.5-10 hours; optionally, allow the reaction system to swell before or after adding deionized water;

[0095] e. After the reaction is complete, the material is filtered and dried to obtain the polypropylene dielectric energy storage material.

[0096] Method 2, the preparation method includes the following steps:

[0097] a. Use a double-layer vibrating screen or linear screen equipped with 16-mesh and 48-mesh screens to screen the powder, and use the polypropylene powder in the middle layer of the screening machine as the reaction material.

[0098] b. Place the polypropylene powder in the middle layer of the screening machine into a closed reactor for inert gas replacement;

[0099] c. Mix the organic solvent and the free radical initiator, and add them to the closed reactor;

[0100] c. Remove the organic solvent, add an alkenyl-containing functional monomer, and optionally swell the reaction system;

[0101] d. Add deionized water, heat the system to the graft polymerization temperature of 30-110℃, and react for 0.5-10 hours;

[0102] e. After the reaction is complete, the material is filtered and dried to obtain the polypropylene dielectric energy storage material.

[0103] The inert gas described in this invention can be any of the inert gases commonly used in the art, including but not limited to nitrogen and argon.

[0104] The polypropylene dielectric energy storage material of the present invention can be used as an energy storage dielectric, and is particularly suitable as a high-temperature energy storage dielectric due to its high operating temperature. The dielectric is preferably a membrane dielectric, which can be single-layer or multi-layer, including but not limited to capacitor films, roughened films, supercapacitor films, electrostatic films, or battery separators. The polypropylene dielectric energy storage material of the present invention is particularly suitable for preparing thin films for use in membrane capacitors.

[0105] Specifically, the present invention provides a capacitor film, which is one or more layers, wherein at least a portion of at least one layer is the aforementioned polypropylene dielectric energy storage material. For example, at least one layer is made from raw materials containing the aforementioned polypropylene dielectric energy storage material, preferably by biaxial stretching, or it can be directly made from the polypropylene dielectric energy storage material by biaxial stretching.

[0106] In this invention, the term "capacitor film," also known as capacitor film or electrical film, has a meaning that is well known in the art.

[0107] According to the present invention, the capacitor film may contain other components besides the polypropylene dielectric energy storage material, such as various additives or other resin components in controllable amounts, which are mixed with the polypropylene dielectric energy storage material as raw materials to prepare the capacitor film. Preferably, based on the weight of the capacitor film, the content of the polypropylene dielectric energy storage material is 50% by weight or more, preferably 60% by weight or more, more preferably 70% by weight or more, for example 75% by weight, 80% by weight, 85% by weight, 90% by weight, or 95% by weight.

[0108] The size of the capacitor film can be determined according to the needs of the capacitor. For example, the thickness of the capacitor film can be 0.5 to 15 micrometers, preferably 4 to 10 micrometers.

[0109] The capacitor film made using the polypropylene dielectric energy storage material of the present invention has a high operating temperature and high energy storage efficiency. Specifically, the capacitor film has at least one of the following characteristics:

[0110] -The maximum operating temperature of the capacitor film is ≥100℃, preferably 110~160℃, and more preferably 120~145℃;

[0111] - The breakdown field strength Eg of the capacitor film at 120℃ is ≥500MV / m, preferably 550~800MV / m;

[0112] - The DC volume resistivity ρ of the capacitor film at 120℃ and 200MV / m electric field strength vg ≥6.0×10 13 Ω·m, preferably 1.0 × 10 14 Ω·m~1.0×10 20 Ω·m;

[0113] - The dielectric constant of the capacitor film at 120℃ and 100Hz is greater than 2.25, preferably 2.26 to 2.65;

[0114] - The dielectric loss of the capacitor film at 120°C and 100Hz is less than 1.5E-3, preferably 1.0E-6 to 1.3E-3;

[0115] The energy storage density of the capacitor film at 120℃ and 300MV / m is greater than 0.720J / cm³. 3 The preferred value is 0.740–2.0 J / cm³. 3 ;

[0116] - The energy storage efficiency of the capacitor film at 120℃ and 300MV / m is greater than 90.0%, preferably 92.0 to 99.0%.

[0117] The method for making the polypropylene dielectric energy storage material of the present invention into a thin film (including a capacitor film) can be carried out with reference to the prior art. For example, the granules of the polypropylene dielectric energy storage material can be processed by hot pressing or extrusion casting, or the granules can be processed by biaxial stretching.

[0118] The polypropylene dielectric energy storage material granules can be obtained by conventional granulation methods in the art, such as granulation by a twin-screw extruder.

[0119] According to a specific embodiment of the present invention, a method for preparing a thin film includes: adding polypropylene dielectric energy storage material granules into a hot air oven for drying, and then adding the dried granules into an extrusion casting machine for melt extrusion and casting. The temperature of the melt extrusion extruder is 230°C, the temperature of the screen changing zone is controlled at 230°C, the temperature of the die head is controlled at 230°C, and the temperature of the casting roll is controlled at 25°C, to produce a thick casting sheet of 230±20μm. The above-mentioned polypropylene thick casting sheet is placed into the stretching fixture of a biaxial stretching device for forming using a biaxial synchronous stretching process.

[0120] To improve the performance of the film, the film preferably also contains a film-forming aid. The film-forming aid may be selected from at least one of halogen-resistant agents, light stabilizers, heat stabilizers, colorants, fillers, slip agents, anti-sticking agents, and antistatic agents. The specific types of film-forming aids are conventional choices in the art and will not be elaborated further here.

[0121] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the embodiments, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to these embodiments.

[0122] In the following examples and comparative examples:

[0123] 1. Ash content determination of polypropylene / polypropylene dielectric energy storage materials:

[0124] The determination shall be carried out in accordance with the method specified in GB / T 9345-2008.

[0125] 2. Isotacticity determination of polypropylene:

[0126] The determination shall be carried out in accordance with the method specified in GB / T 2412-2008.

[0127] 3. Determination of Melt Flow Rate (MFR):

[0128] The MFR of polypropylene / polypropylene dielectric energy storage materials was determined using a CEAST 7026 melt flow indexer at 230°C and a load of 2.16 kg, according to the method specified in GB / T 3682-2018.

[0129] 4. Melting temperature T m Measurement:

[0130] Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was used to analyze the melting and crystallization processes of polypropylene / polypropylene dielectric energy storage materials. Specifically, under nitrogen protection, 5–10 mg of sample was heated from 20°C to 200°C using a three-stage temperature rise and fall measurement method. Changes in heat flow were used to reflect the melting and crystallization processes, and the melting temperature T was calculated. m .

[0131] 5. Determination of parameter η:

[0132] Boil 1-2g of the grafted product under reflux in an appropriate amount of xylene until the particles are completely dissolved. While still hot, pour the xylene solution into 6 times its volume of organic solvent (ethyl acetate or acetone) to precipitate. Let the mixture stand for 1 hour until all insoluble matter precipitates out. Filter the mixture using a vacuum funnel. The filtered insoluble matter is the pure grafted product, which is then dried and weighed. The ratio of the grafted portion to the self-polymerized portion of the functional monomer structural unit is:

[0133]

[0134] In the formula, w0 is the mass of ungrafted polypropylene, w1 is the mass of the grafted product, and w2 is the mass of the insoluble matter.

[0135] 6. Determination of flexural modulus:

[0136] The determination shall be carried out in accordance with the method specified in GB / T 9341-2008.

[0137] 7. Determination of DC volume resistivity:

[0138] The determination shall be carried out in accordance with the method specified in GB / T 13542.2-2009.

[0139] 8. Determination of breakdown field strength:

[0140] The determination shall be carried out in accordance with the method specified in GB / T 13542.2-2009.

[0141] 9. Measurement of energy storage density and energy storage efficiency:

[0142] The determination should be performed according to the methods specified in the following literature.

[0143] Yuan,C.,Zhou,Y.,Zhu,Y.et al.Polymer / molecular semiconductor all-organic composites for high-temperature dielectric energystorage.Nat.Commun.11,3919(2020).

[0144] 10. Determination of dielectric constant and dielectric loss factor:

[0145] The determination should be performed according to the methods specified in the following literature.

[0146] Yuan,C.,Zhou,Y.,Zhu,Y.et al.Polymer / molecular semiconductor all-organic composites for high-temperature dielectric energystorage.Nat.Commun.11,3919(2020).

[0147] 11. Thickness of the capacitor film:

[0148] The determination shall be carried out in accordance with the method specified in GB / T 13542.3-2009.

[0149] 12. Characterization of the dispersed phase and calculation of D50:

[0150] Polypropylene / polypropylene modified material was hot-pressed and extruded to obtain strips, which were then immersed in liquid nitrogen for 15 minutes and fractured. The fracture surface was sputter-coated with gold, and the cross-section was characterized by scanning electron microscopy to obtain microscopic morphology images. Using analytical software, 200 dispersed phases from each sample were taken and their diameters measured. The D50 was calculated using data processing software. D50 represents the median particle size, which is the particle size corresponding to a cumulative particle size distribution percentage of 50% for a sample.

[0151] Example

[0152] The raw materials used in the examples are described in Tables A and B below.

[0153] Table A

[0154] PP1* Self-made according to method CN109694428A PP2* Self-made according to method CN109694428A PP3* Self-made according to method CN109694429A PP4* Self-made according to method CN109694429A Benzoyl peroxide J&K Chemicals lauroyl peroxide J&K Chemicals tert-butyl peroxide (2-ethylhexanoate) Adamas Reagents Ltd. (adamas-beta) styrene J&K Chemicals Methyl methacrylate J&K Chemicals Vinyltriethoxysilane J&K Chemicals glycidyl methacrylate J&K Chemicals acrylic acid Sinopharm Chemicals Co., Ltd. Methyl acrylate Sinopharm Chemicals Co., Ltd. 4-Vinylpyridine J&K Chemicals Maleic anhydride Sinopharm Chemicals Co., Ltd. Polystyrene GPPS-123 Shanghai SECCO Petrochemical Co., Ltd. Antioxidant 1010 BASF Antioxidant 168 BASF

[0155] *PP1: Polypropylene used in Examples 1, 4, 6, 10, 11, 12, and Comparative Examples 1, 3, 4, 5.

[0156] *PP2: Polypropylene used in Examples 2, 3, 5, 7, and 9.

[0157] *PP3: Polypropylene used in Example 8.

[0158] *PP4: Polypropylene used in Comparative Example 2.

[0159] Properties of the powders used in the examples in Table B

[0160]

[0161] In all embodiments, the polypropylene powder used was sieved using a vibrating screen equipped with 16-mesh and 48-mesh sieves before the grafting reaction.

[0162] Example 1

[0163] 5.0 kg of PP1 powder, sieved through a sieve, was added to a 50 L reactor equipped with a double-layer four-bladed agitator and baffles. The reaction system was sealed, and nitrogen was used for purging to remove oxygen. A homogeneous solution of 7.2 g of tert-butyl peroxide (2-ethylhexanoate) and 400 g of styrene was added to the reactor and mixed with the powder for 30 minutes. Then, 17.8 kg of deoxygenated deionized water was added, and the mixture was heated to 50 °C for 2 hours to allow swelling. The swollen powder was then heated to 95 °C and reacted for 4 hours. After the reaction, the mixture was cooled, the liquid components were filtered off, and the product was vacuum dried at 70 °C for 10 hours to obtain polypropylene-g-styrene powder. Figure 1The image shows the microstructure of the product from Example 1 under a 20,000x electron microscope. The brighter spherical portions are the dispersed phase composed of styrene structural units. It can be seen that the dispersed phase has a small particle size and a regular morphology.

[0164] Weigh the above-mentioned polypropylene-g-styrene powder and antioxidant 1010 / 168 (weight ratio 1:1) and add them to a high-speed mixer to mix thoroughly. Granulate using a Coperion WP25 twin-screw extruder. During processing, the twin-screw zone temperature is 190-200-210-220-230-230-220℃, and the screw speed is 300 rpm. Granulation yields polypropylene-g-styrene granules. Based on 100 parts by weight of polypropylene-g-styrene powder, the amount of antioxidant is 0.3 parts by weight.

[0165] The granules obtained above were added to a hot air oven for drying, and the dried granules were added to an LCR400 extrusion casting machine purchased from Labtech, Sweden for melt extrusion and casting. The temperature of the melt extrusion extruder was 230℃, the temperature of the screen changing zone was controlled at 230℃, the temperature of the die head was controlled at 230℃, and the temperature of the casting roll was controlled at 25℃, to produce a thick casting sheet of 230±20μm.

[0166] The aforementioned thick polypropylene casting was placed into the stretching fixture of a biaxial stretching equipment and formed using a biaxial synchronous stretching process. The process conditions for each step included: preheating temperature of 160℃, stretching temperature of 160℃, stretching ratio of 5.5×5.5 times, film stretching rate of 100% / s, and film setting temperature of 160℃. The performance parameters of the product obtained from the tests are shown in Table 1.

[0167] Example 2

[0168] 5.0 kg of PP2 powder, sieved through a sieve, was added to a 50 L reactor equipped with a double-layer four-bladed agitator and baffles. The reaction system was sealed, and nitrogen was used for purging to remove oxygen. A homogeneous solution of 13.5 g of tert-butyl peroxide (2-ethylhexanoate) and 1001 g of styrene was added to the reactor and stirred with the powder. The mixture was then heated to 40 °C for 3 hours to allow swelling. Next, 36.0 kg of deionized water, preheated to 40 °C and deoxygenated, was added through a feed tank. The reactor was then heated to 90 °C and reacted for 6 hours. After the reaction, the mixture was cooled, the liquid components were filtered off, and the product was vacuum-dried at 70 °C for 10 hours to obtain polypropylene-g-styrene powder. Figure 2 The image shows the microstructure of the product in Example 2 under a 20,000x electron microscope, where the spherical bright areas are the dispersed phase composed of styrene structural units.

[0169] The powder obtained above was granulated and used to prepare film products, using the same method as in Example 1. Various performance parameters of the resulting products were tested. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0170] Example 3

[0171] 5.0 kg of PP2 powder, sieved from the middle layer of a sieve, was added to a 50 L reactor equipped with a double-layer four-bladed agitator and baffles. The reaction system was sealed, and nitrogen was used for purging to remove oxygen. A homogeneous solution of 3.1 g benzoyl peroxide, 112 g styrene, and 13.9 g maleic anhydride was prepared and added to the reactor along with the powder. The mixture was stirred and allowed to swell at room temperature for 8 hours, then heated to 92 °C. 16.4 kg of deionized water, preheated to 92 °C and deoxygenated, was then added through a feed tank, and the reaction was continued for 4 hours. After the reaction, the mixture was cooled, the liquid components were filtered off, and the product was vacuum dried at 70 °C for 10 hours to obtain polypropylene-g-maleic anhydride / styrene powder. Figure 3 The image shows the microstructure of the powder in Example 3 under a 20,000x electron microscope. The spherical bright areas are the dispersed phase composed of maleic anhydride / styrene structural units.

[0172] The powder obtained above was granulated and used to prepare film products, using the same method as in Example 1. Various performance parameters of the resulting products were tested. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0173] Example 4

[0174] 5.0 kg of PP1 powder, sieved through a sieve, was added to a 50 L reactor equipped with a double-layer four-bladed agitator and baffles. The reaction system was sealed, and nitrogen was used for purging to remove oxygen. A homogeneous solution of 2.5 g benzoyl peroxide and 250.5 g methyl methacrylate was added to the reactor and mixed with the powder for 30 min. Then, 26.3 kg of deoxygenated deionized water was added. The reactor was heated to 91 °C and reacted for 3 hours. After the reaction, the mixture was cooled, the liquid components were filtered off, and the product was vacuum dried at 70 °C for 10 hours to obtain polypropylene-g-methyl methacrylate powder.

[0175] The powder obtained above was granulated and used to prepare film products, using the same method as in Example 1. Various performance parameters of the resulting products were tested. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0176] Example 5

[0177] 5.0 kg of PP2 powder, sieved from the middle layer of a sieve, was added to a 50 L reactor equipped with a double-layer four-bladed agitator and baffles. The reaction system was sealed, and nitrogen was used for purging to remove oxygen. A homogeneous solution of 6.2 g benzoyl peroxide, 198.0 g styrene, and 52.0 g maleic anhydride was prepared and added to the reactor along with the powder. The mixture was stirred and allowed to swell at room temperature for 6 hours, then heated to 90 °C. 22.6 kg of deionized water, preheated to 90 °C and deoxygenated, was then added through a feed tank, and the reaction was continued for 4 hours. After the reaction, the mixture was cooled, the liquid components were filtered off, and the product was vacuum dried at 70 °C for 10 hours to obtain polypropylene-g-maleic anhydride / styrene powder.

[0178] The powder obtained above was granulated and used to prepare film products, using the same method as in Example 1. Various performance parameters of the resulting products were tested. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0179] Example 6

[0180] 5.0 kg of PP1 powder, sieved through a sieve, was added to a 50 L reactor equipped with a double-layer four-bladed agitator and baffles. The reaction system was sealed, and nitrogen was used for purging to remove oxygen. A homogeneous solution of 31 g lauroyl peroxide and 603 g vinyltriethoxysilane was prepared and added to the reactor, where it was stirred and mixed with the powder for 20 min. Then, 19.6 kg of deoxygenated deionized water was added. The reactor was heated to 91 °C and reacted for 7 hours. After the reaction, the mixture was cooled, the liquid components were filtered off, and the product was vacuum dried at 70 °C for 10 hours to obtain polypropylene-g-vinyltriethoxysilane powder.

[0181] The powder obtained above was granulated and used to prepare film products, using the same method as in Example 1. Various performance parameters of the resulting products were tested. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0182] Example 7

[0183] 5.0 kg of PP2 powder, sieved from the middle layer of a sieve, was added to a 50 L reactor equipped with a double-layer four-bladed agitator and baffles. The reaction system was sealed, and nitrogen was used for purging to remove oxygen. A homogeneous solution of 6.2 g benzoyl peroxide, 115.0 g methyl acrylate, and 38.0 g acrylic acid was prepared and added to the reactor, where it was stirred and mixed with the powder for 40 min. The temperature was then raised to 95 °C. 36.1 kg of deionized water, preheated to 90 °C and deoxygenated, was then added through a feeding tank, and the reaction was continued for 4 hours. After the reaction, the mixture was cooled, the liquid components were filtered off, and the product was vacuum dried at 70 °C for 10 hours to obtain polypropylene-g-methyl acrylate / acrylic acid powder.

[0184] The powder obtained above was granulated and used to prepare film products, using the same method as in Example 1. Various performance parameters of the resulting products were tested. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0185] Example 8

[0186] The PP1 powder in Example 1 was replaced with PP3 powder sieved using a sieve. Other preparation conditions and methods were the same as in Example 1, and the performance parameters of the resulting product were tested. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0187] Example 9

[0188] 5.0 kg of PP2 powder, sieved through a sieve, was added to a 50 L reactor equipped with a double-layer four-bladed agitator and baffles. The reaction system was sealed, and nitrogen was used for purging to remove oxygen. A homogeneous solution of 8.8 g of benzoyl peroxide and 355 g of 4-vinylpyridine was added to the reactor and stirred for 30 minutes. Then, 27.8 kg of deoxygenated deionized water was added, and the mixture was heated to 50 °C for 2 hours to allow swelling. The reactor was then heated to 92 °C and reacted for 6 hours. After the reaction, the mixture was cooled, the liquid components were filtered off, and the product was vacuum-dried at 70 °C for 10 hours to obtain polypropylene-g-4-vinylpyridine powder.

[0189] The powder obtained above was granulated and used to prepare film products, using the same method as in Example 1. Various performance parameters of the resulting products were tested. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0190] Example 10

[0191] 5.0 kg of PP1 powder, sieved through a sieve, was added to a 50 L reactor equipped with a double-layer four-bladed agitator and baffles. The reaction system was sealed, and nitrogen was used for purging to remove oxygen. A homogeneous solution of 1.35 g benzoyl peroxide and 76 g glycidyl methacrylate was added to the reactor and mixed with the powder for 30 min. Then, 16.7 kg of deoxygenated deionized water was added. The reactor was heated to 93 °C and reacted for 2.5 hours. After the reaction, the mixture was cooled, the liquid components were filtered off, and the product was vacuum dried at 70 °C for 10 hours to obtain polypropylene-glycidyl methacrylate powder. Figure 4 This is a microscopic image of the powder in Example 10 under a 20,000x electron microscope, where the spherical phase with higher brightness is the dispersed phase.

[0192] The powder obtained above was granulated and used to prepare film products, using the same method as in Example 1. Various performance parameters of the resulting products were tested. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0193] Example 11

[0194] The PP1 powder screened from the middle layer of the sieve in Example 1 was replaced with the PP1 powder screened from the upper layer of the sieve. Other preparation conditions and methods were the same as in Example 1, and the performance parameters of the resulting product were tested. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0195] Example 12

[0196] The PP1 powder screened from the middle layer of the sieve in Example 1 was replaced with the PP1 powder screened from the bottom layer of the sieve. Other preparation conditions and methods were the same as in Example 1, and the performance parameters of the obtained product were tested. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0197] Comparative Example 1

[0198] 5.0 kg of PP1 powder sieved from the middle layer of a sieving machine was used for granulation and film preparation. The preparation conditions and methods were the same as in Example 1, and the performance parameters of the obtained products were tested. The results are shown in Table 1. Figure 5 This is a microscopic image of PP1 powder under a 20,000x electron microscope, showing no visible dispersed phase.

[0199] Comparative Example 2

[0200] The PP1 powder in Example 1 was replaced with PP4 powder sieved through a sieve. 10.8 kg of deionized water was added. Other preparation conditions and methods were the same as in Example 1. The performance parameters of the obtained product were tested. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0201] Comparative Example 3

[0202] 5.0 kg of PP1 powder, sieved through a sieve, was added to a 50 L reactor equipped with a double-layer four-bladed agitator and baffles. The reaction system was sealed, and nitrogen was used for purging to remove oxygen. A homogeneous solution of 7.5 g of benzoyl peroxide and 500 g of n-butyl methacrylate was prepared and added to the reactor, where it was stirred and mixed with the powder for 30 min. Then, 16.5 kg of deoxygenated deionized water was added. The reactor was heated to 93 °C and reacted for 2.5 hours. After the reaction, the mixture was cooled, the liquid components were filtered off, and the product was vacuum dried at 70 °C for 10 hours to obtain polypropylene-g-n-butyl methacrylate powder.

[0203] The powder obtained above was granulated and used to prepare film products, using the same method as in Example 1. Various performance parameters of the resulting products were tested. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0204] Comparative Example 4

[0205] 5.0 kg of PP1 powder sieved from the middle layer of a sieve was mixed with 400 g of polystyrene GPPS-123 for granulation and film preparation. Other preparation conditions and methods were the same as in Example 1. The performance parameters of the obtained product were tested. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0206] Comparative Example 5

[0207] 5.0 kg of PP1 powder sieved from the middle layer of a sieve was added to 1000 g of polystyrene GPPS-123 for granulation and film product preparation. Other preparation conditions and methods were the same as in Example 2. During biaxial stretching film preparation, the film ruptured.

[0208] Comparative Example 6

[0209] The performance parameters of the copper peak MPP03 high-temperature membrane were tested, and the results are shown in Table 1.

[0210]

[0211] A comparison of D1 and C1 shows that grafting modification can significantly improve the dielectric and energy storage properties of polypropylene.

[0212] A comparison of D2 and C1 shows that when high-ash polypropylene is used as the reaction raw material, even under the same preparation conditions, the grafted phase is smaller, and its energy storage efficiency and energy storage performance are significantly lower than those of low-ash polypropylene modifiers.

[0213] By comparing D3 and C1-C12, it can be seen that if the dispersed phase size is too large, the breakdown strength of the product is almost not improved compared to D1, and other dielectric properties and energy storage properties are not significantly improved compared to D1, which is significantly different from the grafted modification examples.

[0214] A comparison of D4 and C1-C12 shows that by directly adding grafted monomer polymers, the interfacial forces between the grafted monomer polymers and polypropylene are weaker, the breakdown strength is lower, and the energy storage performance is actually lower than that of D1.

[0215] A comparison of D5 and C2 shows that even with a high amount of functional monomers added, the polypropylene graft-modified material can still form a film normally. However, after adding a large amount of functional monomer polymers, the material cracks during processing and cannot form a film.

[0216] By comparing D6 and C1-C12, it can be seen that the energy storage efficiency of the capacitor film of the present invention at 120°C is significantly higher than that of commercially available high-temperature capacitor films, and the energy storage density and dielectric properties are also comparable to or slightly better than those of commercially available high-temperature capacitor films.

[0217] As can be seen from C11-C12, controlling the particle size of the polypropylene base material to the optimal range can give the product better insulation and energy storage performance.

[0218] The various embodiments of the present invention have been described above. These descriptions are exemplary and not exhaustive, nor are they limited to the disclosed embodiments. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the described embodiments.

[0219] The endpoints and any values ​​of the ranges disclosed herein are not limited to the precise ranges or values, and these ranges or values ​​should be understood to include values ​​close to these ranges or values. For numerical ranges, the endpoint values ​​of the various ranges, the endpoint values ​​of the various ranges and individual point values, and individual point values ​​can be combined with each other to obtain one or more new numerical ranges, which should be considered as specifically disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A polypropylene dielectric energy storage material, comprising structural units derived from polypropylene as a matrix phase and structural units derived from alkenyl functional monomers as a dispersed phase; the ash content of the polypropylene dielectric energy storage material is less than 50 ppm; the mass ratio of structural units derived from alkenyl functional monomers in a grafted state to structural units derived from alkenyl functional monomers in a self-polymerized state in the polypropylene dielectric energy storage material is greater than or equal to 1.0; the D50 of the dispersed phase is less than 450 nm; the ash content of the polypropylene is less than 55 ppm; and the flexural modulus of the polypropylene dielectric energy storage material is 1400~2000 MPa.

2. The polypropylene dielectric energy-storing material of claim 1, wherein, The ash content of the polypropylene dielectric energy storage material is less than 36 ppm.

3. The polypropylene dielectric energy-storing material of claim 2, wherein, The ash content of the polypropylene dielectric energy storage material is less than 30 ppm.

4. The polypropylene dielectric energy-storing material of claim 1, wherein, The mass ratio of structural units derived from alkenyl functional monomers and in a grafted state to structural units derived from alkenyl functional monomers and in a self-polymerized state in the polypropylene dielectric energy storage material is 1.1 to 10.

5. The polypropylene dielectric energy-storing material of claim 4, wherein, The mass ratio of structural units derived from alkenyl functional monomers and in a grafted state to structural units derived from alkenyl functional monomers and in a self-polymerized state in the polypropylene dielectric energy storage material is 1.2 to 6.

6. The polypropylene dielectric energy storage material according to claim 1, wherein, The D50 of the dispersed phase is 50~400 nm.

7. The polypropylene dielectric energy storage material according to claim 1, wherein, The polypropylene dielectric energy storage material has at least one of the following characteristics: a melt flow rate at 230 °C, 2.16 kg load of 1-10 g / 10 min; a melting temperature Tm m of 155-168 °C.

8. The polypropylene dielectric energy-storing material of claim 7, wherein, The polypropylene dielectric energy storage material has at least one of the following characteristics: a melt flow rate of 1.5-8 g / 10 min under a load of 230 ℃, 2.16 kg; a melting temperature T m is 157-165 ℃; and a flexural modulus is 1500-1800 MPa.

9. The polypropylene dielectric energy-storing material of claim 8, wherein, The polypropylene dielectric energy storage material has a melt flow rate of 2~5 g / 10min at 230℃ and 2.16 kg load.

10. The polypropylene dielectric energy-storing material of claim 1, wherein, The polypropylene dielectric energy storage material has at least one of the following characteristics: - Maximum operating temperature ≥100 ℃; - breakdown field strength E at 120 °C g ≥ 500 MV / m; - DC volume resistivity p at -120 °C, 200 MV / m field strength vg ≥ 6.0 x 10 13 Ω m; The dielectric constant at -120 ℃ and 100 Hz is greater than 2.25; The dielectric loss at -120 ℃ and 100 Hz is less than 1.5E-3; - a stored-energy density greater than 0.720 J / cm at 120 °C, 300 MV / m 3 ; The energy storage efficiency at -120 ℃ and 300 MV / m is greater than 90.0%.

11. The polypropylene dielectric energy-storing material of claim 10, wherein, The polypropylene dielectric energy storage material has at least one of the following characteristics: - Maximum operating temperature is 110~160 ℃; Breakdown field strength E at -120 ℃ g The value is 550~800 MV / m; DC volume resistivity ρ at -120 ℃ and 200 MV / m electric field strength vg 1.0×10 14 Ω m~1.0×10 20 Ω m; The dielectric constant at -120 ℃ and 100 Hz is 2.26~2.65; The dielectric loss at -120 ℃ and 100 Hz is 1.0E-6~1.3E-3; The energy storage density at -120 ℃ and 300 MV / m is 0.740~2.0 J / cm³. 3 ; The energy storage efficiency at -120 ℃ and 300 MV / m is 92.0 ~ 99.0%.

12. The polypropylene dielectric energy-storing material of claim 11, wherein, The maximum operating temperature of the polypropylene dielectric energy storage material is 120~145℃.

13. The polypropylene dielectric energy-storing material of claim 1, wherein, The alkenyl-containing functional monomer is selected from at least one monomer having the structure shown in Formula 1. Formula 1 In Equation 1, R b R c R d Each is independently selected from H, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups; R a Selected from substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy groups, substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups, substituted or unsubstituted ester groups, substituted or unsubstituted carboxyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl or heterocyclic groups, cyano groups, and substituted or unsubstituted silyl groups; R a and R d Arrange the rings arbitrarily.

14. The polypropylene dielectric energy-storing material of claim 13, wherein, R b R c R d Each is independently selected from H, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C6 alkyl groups; R a Selected from substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 20 Alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 20 Alkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted C6-C 20 aryl, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 20 Ester group, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 20 Carboxyl, substituted or unsubstituted C3-C 20 Cycloalkyl or heterocyclic, cyano, substituted or unsubstituted C3-C 20 Silyl group; the substituted group is halogen, -OH, -NH2, =O, C1-C 12 Alkyl, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, C1-C 12 alkoxy groups, C1-C 12 Acyloxy group; R a and R d Optionally, it can form a 4-6 membered heterocycle with a double bond.

15. The polypropylene dielectric energy-storing material of claim 14, wherein, R b , R c , R d each independently is selected from H, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C6alkyl; R a It is selected from at least one of the groups shown in Formula 2, Formula 3, Formula 4, Formula 5, Formula 6, and heterocyclic groups; Formula 2 In Equation 2, R 4 -R 8 Each is independently selected from H, halogen, hydroxyl, amino, phosphate group, sulfonic acid group, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C. 12 Alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C3-C 12 cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 12 alkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 12 ester group, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 12 The substituted amino group, wherein the substituted group is selected from halogen, hydroxyl, amino, phosphate, sulfonic acid, C1-C 12 Alkyl, C3-C 12 cycloalkyl, C1-C 12 alkoxy groups, C1-C 12 ester group, C1-C 12 The amino group; Formula 3 In Equation 3, R4-R 10 Each is independently selected from H, halogen, hydroxyl, amino, phosphate group, sulfonic acid group, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C. 12 Alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C3-C 12 cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 12 alkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 12 ester group, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 12 The substituted amino group, wherein the substituted group is selected from halogen, hydroxyl, amino, phosphate, sulfonic acid, C1-C 12 Alkyl, C3-C 12 cycloalkyl, C1-C 12 alkoxy groups, C1-C 12 ester group, C1-C 12 The amino group; Formula 4 In Equation 4, R4'-R 10 Each group is independently selected from H, halogen, hydroxyl, amino, phosphate, sulfonic acid, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C. 12 Alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C3-C 12 cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 12 alkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 12 ester group, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 12 The substituted amino group, wherein the substituted group is selected from halogen, hydroxyl, amino, phosphate, sulfonic acid, C1-C 12 Alkyl, C3-C 12 cycloalkyl, C1-C 12 alkoxy groups, C1-C 12 ester group, C1-C 12 The amino group; Formula 5 In Equation 5, R', R'', and R''' are each independently selected from substituted or unsubstituted C1-C. 12 Straight-chain alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C3-C 12 Branched alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 12 alkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 12 Acyloxy group; Formula 6 In Equation 6, R m Selected from hydroxyl groups and / or substituted or unsubstituted groups: C1-C 20 Straight-chain alkyl, C3-C 20 Branched alkyl, C3-C 12 cycloalkyl, C3-C 12 Epoxyalkyl, C3-C 12 Epoxyalkylalkyl, wherein the substituted group is selected from at least one of halogen, amino and hydroxyl groups; The heterocyclic group is selected from imidazole, pyrazol, carbazole, pyrrolidone, pyridinyl, piperidinyl, caprolactam, pyrazinyl, thiazolyl, purine, morpholino, and oxazolino.

16. The polypropylene dielectric energy-storing material of claim 15, wherein, R 4 -R 8 Each is independently selected from H, halogen, hydroxyl, amino, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C6 alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C6 alkoxy.

17. The polypropylene dielectric energy storage material according to claim 15, wherein, R4-R 10 Each of the groups is independently selected from H, halogen, hydroxyl, amino, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C6 alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C6 alkoxy, wherein the substituted group is selected from halogen, hydroxyl, amino, C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 alkoxy.

18. The polypropylene dielectric energy-storing material of claim 15, wherein, R4'-R 10 Each of the groups is independently selected from H, halogen, hydroxyl, amino, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C6 alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C6 alkoxy, wherein the substituted group is selected from halogen, hydroxyl, amino, C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 alkoxy.

19. The polypropylene dielectric energy-storing material of claim 15, wherein, The alkenyl-containing functional monomer is a styrene monomer, which is selected from at least one of styrene, α-methylstyrene, 1-vinylnaphthalene, 2-vinylnaphthalene, monosubstituted or polysubstituted styrene, monosubstituted or polysubstituted α-methylstyrene, monosubstituted or polysubstituted 1-vinylnaphthalene, and monosubstituted or polysubstituted 2-vinylnaphthalene.

20. The polypropylene dielectric energy-storing material of claim 19, wherein, The substituted group is selected from at least one of halogen, hydroxyl, amino, phosphate, sulfonic acid, C1-C8 straight-chain alkyl, C3-C8 branched alkyl or cycloalkyl, C1-C6 straight-chain alkoxy, C3-C8 branched alkoxy or cycloalkoxy, C1-C8 straight-chain ester, C3-C8 branched ester or cycloester, C1-C8 straight-chain amino, and C3-C8 branched amino or cycloamino.

21. The polypropylene dielectric energy-storing material of claim 20, wherein, The styrene monomer is selected from at least one of styrene, α-methylstyrene, 2-methylstyrene, 3-methylstyrene, and 4-methylstyrene.

22. The polypropylene dielectric energy-storing material of claim 15, wherein, The alkenyl-containing functional monomer is an alkenyl-containing silane monomer, which is selected from at least one of vinyltriethoxysilane, vinyltrimethoxysilane, vinyltriisopropoxysilane, vinyltritert-butoxysilane, vinyltriacetoxysilane, methylvinyldimethoxysilane, ethylvinyldiethoxysilane, allyltriethoxysilane, allyltrimethoxysilane, allyltriisopropoxysilane, vinyltri(β-methoxyethoxy)silane, allyltri(β-methoxyethoxy)silane, allyltritert-butoxysilane, allyltriacetoxysilane, methylallyldimethoxysilane, and ethylallyldiethoxysilane.

23. The polypropylene dielectric energy-storing material of claim 15, wherein, The alkenyl-containing functional monomer is an acrylate monomer and / or an acrylic monomer.

24. The polypropylene dielectric energy-storing material of claim 23, wherein, The acrylate monomers are selected from at least one of methyl methacrylate, sec-butyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, n-butyl methacrylate, isobutyl methacrylate, tert-butyl methacrylate, isooctyl methacrylate, dodecyl methacrylate, coconut oleate methacrylate, octadecyl methacrylate, dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate, diethylaminoethyl methacrylate, dimethylaminopropyl methacrylate, and glycidyl methacrylate.

25. The polypropylene dielectric energy-storing material of claim 23, wherein, The acrylic monomer is selected from at least one of acrylic acid, methacrylic acid and 2-ethylacrylic acid.

26. The polypropylene dielectric energy-storing material of claim 14, wherein, The alkenyl-containing functional monomer is at least one of maleic anhydride, maleimide and its derivatives, itaconic anhydride, and α-methylene-γ-butyrolactone.

27. The polypropylene dielectric energy-storing material of claim 26, wherein, The alkenyl-containing functional monomer is maleic anhydride.

28. The polypropylene dielectric energy-storing material of claim 1, wherein, The polypropylene has a particle size of 16-50 mesh, an ash content of less than 40 ppm, and a flexural modulus of 1500-1800 MPa.

29. The polypropylene dielectric energy-storing material of claim 28, wherein, The ash content of the polypropylene is less than 35 ppm.

30. The polypropylene dielectric energy-storing material of claim 1, wherein, The polypropylene is either homopolymer polypropylene or copolymer polypropylene.

31. The polypropylene dielectric energy-storing material of claim 30, wherein, The polypropylene has at least one of the following characteristics: The melt flow rate at -230 ℃ and 2.16 kg load is 0.5~10 g / 10 min; - melting temperature T m is 150 °C or higher; -Isotacticity greater than 96%; or, the total content of ethylene and butene units is less than 3.0 mol.

32. The polypropylene dielectric energy-storing material of claim 31, wherein, The polypropylene has at least one of the following characteristics: The melt flow rate at -230 ℃ and 2.16 kg load is 1~5 g / 10 min; - melting temperature T m is 153 to 180 °C; -Isotacticity greater than 96.5%; or, the total content of ethylene and butene units is greater than 0 and less than 0.1 mol%, or greater than 0.1 mol% and less than or equal to 3.0 mol%.

33. The polypropylene dielectric energy-storing material of claim 32, wherein, The polypropylene has at least one of the following characteristics: The melt flow rate at -230 ℃ and 2.16 kg load is 2~4 g / 10 min; - melting temperature T m is 155 to 167 °C.

34. The polypropylene dielectric energy-storing material of claim 1, wherein, The polypropylene dielectric energy storage material is prepared by a method comprising the following steps: in the presence of an inert gas, a reaction mixture comprising polypropylene powder and an alkenyl functional monomer is subjected to a grafting reaction to obtain the polypropylene dielectric energy storage material.

35. The polypropylene dielectric energy-storing material of claim 34, wherein, The reaction mixture also includes a free radical initiator.

36. The polypropylene dielectric energy-storing material of claim 35, wherein, The free radical initiator is selected from peroxide free radical initiators and / or azo free radical initiators.

37. The polypropylene dielectric energy-storing material of claim 36, wherein, The peroxide radical initiator is selected from at least one of benzoyl peroxide, dicumyl peroxide, di-tert-butyl peroxide, lauroyl peroxide, dodecyl peroxide, tert-butyl peroxide, diisopropyl peroxide, tert-butyl peroxide, and dicyclohexyl peroxide.

38. The polypropylene dielectric energy storage material according to claim 36, wherein, The azo radical initiator is azobisisobutyronitrile and / or azobisisoheptanenitrile.

39. The polypropylene dielectric energy storage material according to claim 35, wherein, The mass ratio of the free radical initiator to the alkenyl-containing functional monomer is 0.1~10:

100.

40. The polypropylene dielectric energy storage material according to claim 39, wherein, The mass ratio of the free radical initiator to the alkenyl-containing functional monomer is 0.5~5:

100.

41. The polypropylene dielectric energy storage material according to claim 35, wherein, The reaction mixture further includes at least one of the following components: deionized water and / or an organic solvent, wherein the mass content of the deionized water is 300-800% of the total mass of the polypropylene powder and the alkenyl functional monomer, and the mass content of the organic solvent is 1-35% of the mass of the polypropylene powder.

42. The polypropylene dielectric energy storage material according to claim 41, wherein, The preparation method of the polypropylene dielectric energy storage material includes the following steps: a. Place the polypropylene powder in a closed reactor and replace it with an inert gas; b. Add the free radical initiator and the alkenyl-containing functional monomer to the closed reactor and stir to mix; c. Add deionized water and heat the reaction system to the grafting reaction temperature to carry out the grafting reaction; optionally, allow the reaction system to swell before or after adding deionized water; d. After the reaction is complete, the mixture is filtered and dried to obtain the polypropylene dielectric energy storage material.

43. The polypropylene dielectric energy storage material according to claim 41, wherein, The preparation method of the polypropylene dielectric energy storage material includes the following steps: a. Place the polypropylene powder in a closed reactor and replace it with an inert gas; b. Mix the organic solvent and the free radical initiator, and add them to the closed reactor; c. Remove the organic solvent, add an alkenyl-containing functional monomer, and optionally swell the reaction system; d. Add deionized water to raise the temperature of the reaction system to the grafting reaction temperature and carry out the grafting reaction; e. After the reaction is complete, the mixture is filtered and dried to obtain the polypropylene dielectric energy storage material.

44. The polypropylene dielectric energy storage material according to any one of claims 34-43, wherein, It also includes a screening and pretreatment step for polypropylene powder.

45. The polypropylene dielectric energy storage material according to claim 44, wherein, The screening pretreatment includes the following steps: screening the powder using a double-layer vibrating screen or linear screen equipped with a screen of appropriate mesh size, and using the polypropylene powder in the middle layer of the screening machine as the reaction material.

46. ​​The polypropylene dielectric energy storage material according to any one of claims 35-43, wherein, The grafting reaction is carried out at a temperature of 30~110 ℃ for 0.5~10 h.

47. The polypropylene dielectric energy storage material according to claim 46, wherein, The grafting reaction is carried out at a temperature of 60-95°C for 1-6 hours.

48. The use of the polypropylene dielectric energy storage material according to any one of claims 1-47 in the preparation of energy storage dielectrics.

49. The application according to claim 48, wherein, The energy storage medium is a high-temperature energy storage medium.

50. The application according to claim 48, wherein, The dielectric is a single-layer or multi-layer film dielectric.

51. The application according to claim 50, wherein, The dielectric is a capacitor film, a roughening film, a supercapacitor film, an electrostatic film, or a battery separator.

52. A capacitor film, the capacitor film being one or more layers, wherein at least a portion of at least one layer is the polypropylene dielectric energy storage material according to any one of claims 1-47.

53. The capacitor film according to claim 52, wherein, The thickness of the capacitor film is 0.5~15 micrometers.

54. The capacitor film according to claim 53, wherein, The thickness of the capacitor film is 4 to 10 micrometers.

55. The capacitor film according to claim 52, wherein, The capacitor film has at least one of the following characteristics: -The maximum operating temperature of the capacitor film is ≥100℃; - The breakdown field strength of the capacitor film at 120 °C is Eg≥500 MV / m; - The DC volume resistivity ρ of the capacitor film at 120 ℃ and 200 MV / m electric field strength. vg ≥6.0×10 13 Ω m; - The dielectric constant of the capacitor film at 120 ℃ and 100 Hz is greater than 2.25; - The dielectric loss of the capacitor film at 120 °C and 100 Hz is less than 1.5E-3; The energy storage density of the capacitor film at 120 ℃ and 300 MV / m is greater than 0.720 J / cm³. 3 ; - The energy storage efficiency of the capacitor film at 120 ℃ and 300 MV / m is greater than 90.0%.

56. The capacitor film according to claim 55, wherein, The capacitor film has at least one of the following characteristics: - The maximum operating temperature of the capacitor film is 110~160 ℃; - The breakdown field strength Eg of the capacitor film at 120 °C is 550~800 MV / m; - The DC volume resistivity ρ of the capacitor film at 120 ℃ and 200 MV / m electric field strength. vg 1.0×10 14 Ω m~1.0×10 20 Ω m; - The dielectric constant of the capacitor film at 120 ℃ and 100 Hz is 2.26~2.65; - The dielectric loss of the capacitor film at 120 °C and 100 Hz is 1.0E-6~1.3E-3; - the energy storage density of the capacitive film at 120 °C, 300 MV / m is 0.740-2.0 J / cm 3 ; - The energy storage efficiency of the capacitor film at 120 ℃ and 300 MV / m is 92.0 ~ 99.0%.

57. The capacitor film according to claim 56, wherein, The maximum operating temperature of the capacitor film is 120~145℃.

58. The capacitor film according to claim 52, wherein, Based on the weight of the capacitor film, the content of the polypropylene dielectric energy storage material is 50% or more by weight.

59. The capacitor film according to claim 58, wherein, Based on the weight of the capacitor film, the content of the polypropylene dielectric energy storage material is 60% or more by weight.

60. The capacitor film according to claim 59, wherein, Based on the weight of the capacitor film, the content of the polypropylene dielectric energy storage material is 70% or more by weight.

61. The capacitor film according to any one of claims 52-60, wherein, At least one layer of the capacitor film is made from raw materials containing the polypropylene dielectric energy storage material.

62. The capacitor film according to claim 61, wherein, The capacitor film is made by biaxial stretching.

63. The capacitor film according to claim 62, wherein, At least one layer of the capacitor film is made of the polypropylene dielectric energy storage material through biaxial stretching.

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