Efficient energy-saving, easy-to-maintain layered water intake device

Abstract

This invention discloses a highly efficient, energy-saving, and easily maintainable stratified water intake device, relating to the field of water conservancy and hydropower engineering technology. It includes a gate frame assembly, a water seal assembly, a push assembly, a drive assembly, and a working assembly. The gate frame assembly comprises an upper crossbeam, a box-shaped side column, and a lower crossbeam connected end-to-end. The water seal assembly is rotatably mounted within a receiving space. The push assembly is located within the box-shaped side column and connected to the water seal assembly. The drive assembly is installed within the box-shaped side column. The working assembly is mounted on the water seal assembly. By employing two sets of drive assemblies, which, through the push assembly and the working assembly, arbitrarily drive one or more water seal assemblies, the stratified water intake device can extract water from different elevations, achieving greater efficiency and energy saving while fulfilling its functional requirements. A gate frame assembly plus several water seal assemblies constitute a stratified water intake structure, installed in the gate slot of a single water intake opening. A gantry crane or trolley mounted on the dam platform can be used to lift or lower the entire stratified water intake device, facilitating maintenance.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of water conservancy and hydropower engineering technology, specifically to a high-efficiency, energy-saving, and easy-to-maintain stratified water intake device. Background Technology

[0002] my country imposes strict requirements on the water quality and temperature of water diverted downstream from water conservancy and hydropower projects. Large-scale projects typically have deep reservoirs, and their intake structures are usually low-lying, buried underwater to maximize water extraction. These deep-water intakes draw water from the bottom layers, which are relatively cold, causing vertical stratification of the reservoir's water temperature. Furthermore, the deep water often contains excessive levels of certain minerals and has a fishy odor. Deep water intake generally involves colder, lower-quality sources, and releasing it into rivers can significantly impact the breeding and growth of fish downstream. Surface water, due to abundant sunshine and higher temperatures, is also unsuitable for some fish species and contains more pollutants. Discharging surface water downstream leads to pollution transfer and does not improve the downstream river's ecological environment. Therefore, mid-layer water intake is necessary. However, due to significant fluctuations in reservoir water levels, the elevation of the mid-layer water is constantly changing.

[0003] For reservoir water intake, the most common domestic practice is to set up stacked beam gates or multi-layer water intake channels at the intake or water outlet, with stacked beam gates being the most widely used. The stacked beam gates that are commonly used are usually operated by mobile opening and closing equipment such as gantry cranes and trolleys, which is a "one machine, multiple gates" arrangement. One opening and closing device needs to grab the number of gates at different orifices. Therefore, the opening and closing device needs to grab the stacked beam gates or the whole gates of different orifices underwater at different times by grabbing the beam. Because the gate opening and closing is an underwater operation, it is affected by the flow velocity of the water used for power generation. Furthermore, the significant depth at which the gate is lowered presents numerous uncertainties and risks during the process of the opening and closing equipment gripping the stacked beam gate. These include: excessively fast lowering or lifting speeds causing the gripping beam to become unbalanced and swing, potentially leading to it getting stuck in the gate slot; difficulties in aligning the gate into the slot; and challenges in underwater positioning and shaft insertion for the stacked beam gate. These factors make remote control difficult, typically requiring on-site control. This results in excessive workload and low efficiency for on-site personnel. Frequent operations also lead to poor dispatching tolerance. If the stacked beam gate becomes misaligned or stuck during operation, the operation time will be significantly extended, impacting the power station's operational safety and power generation efficiency.

[0004] In addition, the currently used louvered type, while capable of meeting arbitrary water intake requirements to a certain extent in some foreign projects, such as the Shasta Hydroelectric Power Station in the United States, is a fixed type. Furthermore, the louvers are prone to damage from prolonged underwater operation, requiring maintenance to lower the water level below the intake sill elevation, resulting in water waste. This technology also necessitates a steel frame surrounding the intake or water tower on three sides, leading to significant steel consumption and poor economic efficiency. Another currently used louvered type requires each movable door segment to be equipped with an electric actuator or double-acting hydraulic cylinder. One end of the electric actuator or double-acting hydraulic cylinder is hinged to the movable door segment, and the other end is hinged to the flow channel gate. This arrangement exposes the electric actuator or double-acting hydraulic cylinder to constant water flow impact when the flap gate is open, affecting the lifespan of the drive unit and increasing the failure rate.

[0005] For large-scale water conservancy and hydropower projects, the water intake range is large, generally between 40m and 80m, and there are many water intakes, mostly 20 to 90 holes. The stratified water intake equipment is large in height and number. Therefore, it is a key issue that must be focused on in the design scheme to reduce the equipment failure rate and improve the convenience of maintenance and repair.

[0006] The above content is only used to help understand the technical solution of the present invention, and does not mean that the above content is the closest prior art. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The main objective of this invention is to provide a highly efficient, energy-saving, and easy-to-maintain stratified water intake device to solve the problems of cumbersome operation and inconvenient maintenance of current stratified water intake devices during the stratified water intake process.

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides a highly efficient, energy-saving, and easy-to-maintain stratified water intake device, comprising:

[0009] A door frame assembly, comprising an upper crossbeam, box-shaped side posts, and a lower crossbeam connected end to end; the box-shaped side posts are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the upper and lower crossbeams, and a middle crossbeam is provided between the box-shaped side posts to form an accommodating space; the box-shaped side posts are hollow and sealed inside.

[0010] A water seal assembly, which is rotatably disposed within the accommodating space to control the opening or closing of the accommodating space;

[0011] A pushing component is disposed in the box-shaped side posts on both sides of the door frame component and connected to the water seal component for controlling the rotation of the water seal component;

[0012] A drive assembly, which is installed inside a box-shaped side column and hinged to a push assembly for driving the push assembly to move;

[0013] A working component, which is mounted on the water seal component and is used to connect the water seal component and the drive component.

[0014] Furthermore, the box-shaped side column is also provided with an access hole; the access hole is provided with a sealing door.

[0015] Furthermore, the box-shaped side columns are segmented, and each segment of the box-shaped side column has bolt connecting plates at both the upper and lower ends.

[0016] Furthermore, the water seal assembly includes a flap gate; the flap gate is symmetrically provided with a central shaft inserted into the box-shaped side column on both sides; a first rolling bearing with waterproof sealing is provided between the central shaft and the box-shaped side column.

[0017] Furthermore, the tongue flap is olive-shaped and uses a panel with an internal beam grid design.

[0018] Furthermore, a water-sealing rubber is provided around the tongue-shaped door; water-sealing seat plates are provided on the upper and lower crossbeams and box-shaped side columns of the door frame structure to cooperate with the water-sealing rubber for water sealing; and a spring sheet is provided behind the water-sealing rubber.

[0019] Furthermore, the pushing assembly includes a connecting rod, one end of which is hinged to a crank via a pin; one end of the crank is hinged to a central shaft via a second rolling bearing, and multiple cranks and a connecting rod are combined to form a multi-link mechanism.

[0020] Furthermore, the connecting rod is provided with through slots at intervals; the end of the crank is hinged in the through slot by a pin.

[0021] Furthermore, the pushing mechanism on the right side of the door frame assembly is located downstream of the central axis, and the linkage mechanism on the left side of the door frame assembly is located upstream of the central axis.

[0022] Furthermore, the tongue flap is an unbalanced weight structure.

[0023] The beneficial effects of this invention are reflected in:

[0024] Two sets of drive components are used to drive one or more sealing components through the push component and the working component to complete the stratified water intake equipment for water bodies at different elevations. While achieving the function, it is more efficient and energy-saving. A gate frame component plus several sealing components constitute a stratified water intake structure (also known as a stratified water intake stacked beam gate), which is installed in the gate slot of a water intake orifice. The stratified water intake equipment is lifted or lowered as a whole by a gantry crane or trolley set on the dam platform, which is convenient for maintenance. Attached Figure Description

[0025] Figure 1 This is an isometric view of the efficient, energy-saving, and easy-to-maintain stratified water intake device of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 2 This is a front view of the efficient, energy-saving, and easy-to-maintain stratified water intake device of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 3 This is a side view of the efficient, energy-saving, and easy-to-maintain stratified water intake device of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 4 A cross-sectional view of the efficient, energy-saving, and easy-to-maintain stratified water intake device of the present invention (AA view).

[0029] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the crank and connecting rod of the efficient, energy-saving, and easy-to-maintain stratified water intake device of the present invention.

[0030] Figure 6 Partial detail drawing C shows the efficient, energy-saving, and easy-to-maintain stratified water intake device of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 7 Axonometric drawing of the tongue valve water seal device of the efficient, energy-saving, and easy-to-maintain stratified water intake equipment of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 8 This is a side view of the tongue valve water seal device of the efficient, energy-saving, and easy-to-maintain stratified water intake equipment of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 9 A partial BB cross-sectional view of the tongue valve water seal device of the efficient, energy-saving and easy-to-maintain stratified water intake equipment of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 10 Another schematic diagram of the driving mechanism of the efficient, energy-saving and easy-to-maintain stratified water intake device of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the unbalanced weighted flap gate structure of the efficient, energy-saving, and easy-to-maintain stratified water intake device of the present invention.

[0036] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0037] 1. Door frame assembly; 101. Accommodation space; 102. Upper crossbeam; 103. Box-type side post; 104. Lower crossbeam; 105. Middle crossbeam; 2. Crank; 3. Connecting rod; 4. Clutch; 5. Bolt fasteners; 6. Pin; 7. Swing cylinder; 8. Cylinder support; 9. Support cylinder frame; 10. Positioning rod; 11. Lifting lug; 12. Tongue door; 1201. Central shaft; 1202. First rolling bearing; 13. Water seal device; 14. Water seal rubber; 15. Spring plate; Detailed Implementation

[0038] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the described embodiments are merely some, not all, of the embodiments of this invention. Unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described in this application can be combined with each other. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this invention.

[0039] In one embodiment, see Figure 1 The present invention provides a high-efficiency, energy-saving, and easy-to-maintain stratified water intake device, comprising a door frame assembly 1, a water-blocking assembly, a pushing assembly, a driving assembly, and a working assembly.

[0040] The door frame assembly 1 has independent accommodating spaces 101, and the door frame assembly 1 is installed in the door groove of the water intake in the reservoir.

[0041] Preferably, the door frame assembly 1 includes an upper crossbeam 102, a box-shaped side post 103, and a lower crossbeam 104 connected end to end. The box-shaped side posts 103 are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the upper crossbeam 102 and the lower crossbeam 104. A middle crossbeam 105 is provided between the box-shaped side posts 103 to form an accommodating space 101. The box-shaped side posts 103 are hollow and sealed inside to prevent the mechanism inside the box-shaped side posts 103 from being soaked in water.

[0042] Furthermore, the box-shaped side column 103 is also provided with an access hole, and the access hole is equipped with a sealing door.

[0043] Furthermore, the box-shaped side columns 103 are segmented, and each segment of the box-shaped side column 103 has bolt connecting plates at both the upper and lower ends, so that adjacent segments of the box-shaped side columns 103 can be connected into a whole by bolts.

[0044] Preferably, the water-facing and water-discharging surfaces of the upper crossbeam 102, the lower crossbeam 104, and the box-shaped side columns 103 on the left and right sides are all rounded.

[0045] Preferably, the upper crossbeam 102 is also provided with a positioning rod 10 and a lifting lug 11.

[0046] Specifically, the water-blocking component is rotatably installed within the receiving space 101, and the receiving space 101 is opened or closed by adjusting the angle of the water-blocking component.

[0047] Preferably, the water-blocking assembly includes a flap gate 12, with a central shaft 1201 symmetrically arranged on both sides of the flap gate 12 and inserted into the box-shaped side post 103. A first rolling bearing 1202 with waterproof sealing is provided between the central shaft 1201 and the box-shaped side post 103.

[0048] Furthermore, the central axis 1201 is a stepped cantilever axis.

[0049] Preferably, the tongue valve 12 is olive-shaped, and to reduce weight, it adopts a panel plus internal beam grid type.

[0050] Preferably, a water-sealing rubber 14 is provided around the tongue-shaped door 12, and a water-sealing seat plate is provided on the upper crossbeam 102, lower crossbeam 104, and box-shaped side column 103 of the door frame structure to cooperate with the water-sealing rubber 14 for water sealing.

[0051] Furthermore, a spring sheet 15 is provided behind the water seal rubber 14 to provide a clamping force between the water seal rubber 14 and the water seal seat plate.

[0052] Furthermore, the water seal rubber 14 is a P-type water seal rubber.

[0053] Furthermore, the height of each layer of tongue-shaped gate 12 is 3m to 3.5m, and the width is consistent with the width of the opening of the hydraulic structure.

[0054] Specifically, the push component is installed in the box-shaped side posts 103 on both sides of the door frame component 1 and connected to the water-blocking component to control the rotation of the water-blocking component, thereby controlling the opening and closing of the accommodating space 101.

[0055] Preferably, the actuating assembly includes a connecting rod 3, one end of which is hinged to a crank 2 via a pin 6; one end of the crank 2 is hinged to a central shaft 1201 via a second rolling bearing, and multiple cranks 2 and a connecting rod 3 combine to form a multi-link mechanism; the rocking of the connecting rod 3 drives the crank 2 to rotate, and the swinging of the crank 2 drives the hinged valve 12 to rotate, thereby driving the hinged valve 12 to rotate. When the hinged valve 12 rotates to a vertical position, it is in a closed water-blocking state; when it rotates to a horizontal position, it is in an open water-drawing state. Compared with meshing transmission, the linkage mechanism transmission method has the advantage of high tolerance for manufacturing and installation deviations.

[0056] Furthermore, the connecting rod 3 is provided with through slots at intervals, and the end of the crank 2 is hinged in the through slot by a pin 6.

[0057] Specifically, the drive component is installed inside the box-shaped side column 103 and hinged to the push component to drive the push component to move.

[0058] Preferably, the drive assembly includes a support cylinder frame 9, which is mounted on the upper crossbeam 102. A rocking cylinder 7 is fixedly mounted on the support cylinder frame 9, and the piston rod end of the rocking cylinder 7 is hinged to the connecting rod 3 through a spherical sliding bearing.

[0059] Specifically, the working component is mounted on the water-blocking component to connect the water-blocking component and the drive component.

[0060] Preferably, the working component is a clutch 4, which is installed at the end of the central shaft 1201. The clutch 4 connects the water-blocking component and the drive component through its operation, thereby controlling the different water-blocking components to rotate under the drive of the drive component.

[0061] Furthermore, one side of the clutch 4 is connected to the central shaft 1201 on the tongue valve 12 via a keyway and key, and the flange on the other side of the clutch 4 is connected to the crank 2 via bolt fasteners 5. When the clutch 4 is pressed, the crank 2 swings and can drive the central shaft 1201 on the tongue valve 12 to rotate, thereby driving the tongue valve 12 to rotate. When the clutch 4 is released, the crank 2 swings and cannot drive the valve to rotate. The clutch 4 is a mature standardized industrial product, using an electromagnetic clutch 4 or a hydraulic (pneumatic) clutch 4.

[0062] In the drive assembly, the oil tank, oil pump motor set and control valve set used with the swing cylinder 7 are all set on the dam top platform. Only the swing cylinder 7, high pressure oil hose, push assembly and clutch 4 are underwater, but they are all set in the box-shaped side column 103.

[0063] In this embodiment, when it is necessary to close one or more open flap doors 12, first tighten all clutches 4 on the right side of the door frame assembly 1, then release all clutches 4 on the left side of the door frame assembly 1. Without driving all flap doors 12, reset the left connecting rod 3, then release the clutches 4 on the right side of the door frame assembly 1 for the flap doors 12 that need to be closed, tighten the clutches 4 on the left side of the door frame assembly 1 for the flap doors 12 that need to be closed, and simultaneously tighten the clutches 4 on the other flap doors 12 on the right side of the door frame assembly 1. Keep the clutches 4 on the other flap doors 12 on the left side of the door frame assembly 1 released. The swing cylinder 7 works to pull the left connecting rod 3 mechanism to close one or more flap doors 12, while the other flap doors 12 remain stationary.

[0064] Repeating the above actions will complete the opening and closing of any one or more tongue valves 12. By switching the clutch 4, which is installed at the end of the central shaft 1201 of the tongue valve 12, the purpose of stratified water intake can be achieved.

[0065] The flap gate 12 is only allowed to rotate within a 90° range, controlled by the stroke of the swing-type hydraulic cylinders 7 on the left and right sides of the gate frame assembly 1. The central shaft 1201 extending from both sides of each flap gate 12 is a stepped cantilever shaft, on which the crank 2 and bearing of the push mechanism are mounted, as well as the clutch 4 at the end of the shaft. The central shafts 1201 extending from both sides of the flap gate are located in the middle of the flap gate 12. The driving force required for the flap gate 12 to rotate around the central shaft 1201 is greatly reduced compared to rotating around the bottom shaft.

[0066] To prevent the beam formed by the box-type side columns 103 from failing to seal and causing the drive mechanism to be submerged in water, an automatic submersible pump can be installed at the bottom of the box-type side columns 103.

[0067] Each tongue valve 12 is equipped with a liquid level sensor. Based on the liquid level data, the control system determines whether to open or close a certain tongue valve 12.

[0068] Each valve 12 of this equipment is equipped with an opening detection instrument, and the clutch 4 is equipped with a pressure strain gauge. Each valve 12 is equipped with a monitoring instrument to monitor and observe the water temperature and / or water quality. It can grasp the water temperature and water quality at different elevations, evaluate the stratified water intake effect in real time, provide data support for the operation optimization of stratified water intake measures, and achieve precise control of water temperature and water quality.

[0069] A door frame assembly 1 plus several tongue-shaped doors 12 constitutes a layered water intake structure, also known as a layered water intake stacked beam door (see Figure 1 The tiered water intake gate is installed in a slot at an intake gate. For maintenance, a gantry crane or trolley mounted on the dam platform is used. The automatic grab beam on the gantry crane engages with the positioning rod 10 and lifting lug 11 on the device to lift or lower the entire tiered water intake system. The sections of a single tiered water intake gate can be bolted together. The section height is determined by the lifting head on the gantry crane rail at the dam crest. After being installed as a whole at the dam crest, it is placed into the gate slot.

[0070] For hydropower stations, stratified water intake devices are mostly installed behind trash racks. This stratified water intake device is located in the water flow and has a simple arrangement of its structure and electromechanical equipment parts, which avoids parts falling into the water due to long-term water flow impact and thus avoids adverse effects on the safe operation of the downstream turbine.

[0071] In one embodiment, based on the above embodiments, large-scale water conservancy and hydropower projects generally have relatively deep reservoirs with large water level fluctuations. To adapt to the requirement of a large water intake location range, the number of tongue-shaped gates 12 in the stratified water intake equipment is correspondingly large, and the connecting rods 3 are very long. To avoid instability of the pressure rods, the multi-link 3 mechanism is designed to only pull and not press. That is, the pushing mechanism arranged on the right side of the gate frame assembly 1 is located downstream of the central axis 1201 and is responsible for pulling the connecting rods 3 to open the tongue-shaped gates 12; the connecting rod 3 mechanism arranged on the left side of the gate frame assembly 1 is located upstream of the central axis 1201 and is responsible for pulling the connecting rods 3 to close the tongue-shaped gates 12.

[0072] In one embodiment, based on the above embodiments, the tongue valve 12 is designed as an unbalanced weight structure.

[0073] Preferably, the weight of the upper half of the lingual valve 12 is greater than the weight of the lower half of the lingual valve 12.

[0074] In this embodiment, the flap door 12 closes automatically via an unbalanced weight. Both the left and right pushing mechanisms of the door frame assembly 1 are lifting and opening mechanisms; a single pushing mechanism is sufficient to open the flap door. The pushing mechanisms on both sides of the door frame assembly 1 serve as double safety measures, acting as backups for each other. This embodiment offers higher operational reliability, but it increases the weight of the flap door 12 and the lifting force of the hydraulic cylinder 7.

[0075] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A high-efficiency, energy-saving, and easy-to-maintain stratified water intake system, characterized in that: include: A door frame assembly, comprising an upper crossbeam, box-shaped side posts, and a lower crossbeam connected end to end; the box-shaped side posts are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the upper and lower crossbeams, and a middle crossbeam is provided between the box-shaped side posts to form an accommodating space, and the box-shaped side posts are hollow and sealed inside; A water seal assembly, which is rotatably disposed within the accommodating space to control the opening or closing of the accommodating space; A pushing component is disposed in the box-shaped side posts on both sides of the door frame component and connected to the water seal component for controlling the rotation of the water seal component; A drive assembly, which is installed inside a box-shaped side column and hinged to a push assembly for driving the push assembly to move; A working component, which is mounted on the water seal component and is used to connect the water seal component and the drive component; The water seal assembly includes a flap gate; the flap gate is symmetrically provided with a central shaft inserted into the box-shaped side column on both sides; a first rolling bearing with waterproof sealing is provided between the central shaft and the box-shaped side column; The pushing component includes a connecting rod, one end of which is hinged to a crank via a pin; one end of the crank is hinged to a central shaft via a second rolling bearing, and multiple cranks and a connecting rod are combined to form a multi-link mechanism. The connecting rod is provided with through slots at intervals; the end of the crank is hinged in the through slot by a pin. The tongue valve is an unbalanced weight structure, with the upper part of the tongue valve weighing more than the lower part. The drive assembly includes a support cylinder frame, which is mounted on the upper crossbeam. A rocking cylinder is fixedly mounted on the support cylinder frame, and the piston rod end of the rocking cylinder is hinged to the connecting rod through a spherical sliding bearing. The working component uses a clutch, which is located at the end of the central shaft. One side of the clutch is connected to the central shaft on the flap door via a keyway and a key, and the flange on the other side of the clutch is connected to the crank via bolt fasteners. By tightening or loosening the clutch, the crank swings to control whether it drives the flap door to rotate, so as to realize the opening and closing of any one or several flap doors.

2. The high-efficiency, energy-saving, and easy-to-maintain stratified water intake equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The box-shaped side column is also provided with an entrance hole; the entrance hole is provided with a sealing door.

3. The high-efficiency, energy-saving, and easy-to-maintain stratified water intake equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The box-shaped side columns are arranged in sections, and each section of the box-shaped side column is equipped with bolt connecting plates at both the upper and lower ends.

4. The high-efficiency, energy-saving, and easy-to-maintain stratified water intake equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The tongue flap is olive-shaped and uses a panel with an internal beam grid design.

5. The high-efficiency, energy-saving, and easy-to-maintain stratified water intake equipment according to claim 4, characterized in that: The tongue-shaped door is surrounded by a water-sealing rubber seal; the upper and lower crossbeams and the box-shaped side columns of the door frame assembly are equipped with water-sealing seat plates that cooperate with the water-sealing rubber seal to stop water; a spring sheet is installed behind the water-sealing rubber seal.

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