Device and method for grinding a profile

Abstract

This invention relates to a method and apparatus (1) for grinding profiles specifically designed for rail vehicles using a grinding body. A support is translatably arranged on the apparatus (1) in a transverse plane relative to the profile by means of a guide device (12), and supported on the profile by contact elements (13, 14), such that the support is automatically aligned with the grinding body in the transverse plane relative to the profile and relative to the apparatus (1). Furthermore, during rotational motion, the support of the grinding body can undergo reversible translational motion parallel to the longitudinal axis of the profile, allowing the grinding body to reach the profile section multiple times, and significantly improving the grinding results through translational motion.

Description

[0001] This invention relates to a moving device specifically designed for rail vehicles for grinding profiles having convex running surfaces and sides defining the profile, particularly for rails of rail vehicles. The device is movable along the profile in a feed direction and has at least one shaped grinding body rotatable and / or oscillating (or vibratory) about a rotation axis, the shaped grinding body being mounted on a support. Furthermore, this invention relates to a method for grinding profiles, wherein at least one grinding body mounted on the support is rotatably or oscillatingly driven about a rotation axis.

[0002] DE 69 201 811 T2 discloses a moving device with multiple grinding wheels designed as a rail vehicle for grinding rails with convex running surfaces and limiting sides. The device is movable along the rail in the feed direction, while the grinding wheels are rotatable about a rotation axis. The grinding wheels have an inclined rotation axis that does not cut the rail profile, the rotation axis being mounted on a frame of the rail vehicle that moves laterally to the rail, the frame being guided by rollers resting against the rail. The frame is used to move the support in both lateral and perpendicular directions to the longitudinal axis of the rail. The support has at least one support roller located immediately adjacent to the axis of the corresponding grinding wheel. These support rollers are attached to the inside of the guide head.

[0003] DD 219 230 A5 describes an apparatus for reshaping a rail head, wherein the axis of rotation of a grinding wheel is inclined relative to a vertical and horizontal plane. The grinding wheel is guided relative to the rail in height and lateral direction on a grinding stand by a grinding shoe or roller. The grinding wheel has a planar grinding surface, which is calibrated during the grinding process by a pin used to dress the grinding wheel. Therefore, the machining of the convex rail head is only partially performed, resulting in small faces and a discontinuous curve in the rail profile.

[0004] DE 26 12 173 A1 describes a tilted, counter-rotating grinding wheel with a misaligned, non-cutting profile, suspended on a tool holder that slides vertically and laterally via a guide system assigned to each guideway. The grinding wheel, located on each side of the guideway, acts on the top of the guideway head with the same feed motion, where the lateral sliding of the two frame components results in independent centering of each guideway.

[0005] Furthermore, a grinding apparatus is known from DE 32 27 343 A1, wherein a height-adjustable tool holder is provided under a chassis for each track, the tool holder definitively guiding a rotatable machining tool, particularly a pot-shaped grinding wheel, whose axis of rotation intersects the profile of the track by means of side rollers and rollers running on a profile.

[0006] In the rail vehicle according to EP 2 791 422 B1, a straight-milled forming disc is arranged on a machining plate on the chassis. This machining plate acts as a cross slider, linearly adjustable in height and lateral direction relative to the track, and additionally angularly adjustable about the longitudinal and height axes, wherein sensors sliding on the track provide reference values ​​for adjustment. For example, an articulated robot can be used to make the tool track the track.

[0007] The device known from US 4,583,893 A includes a support element that is linearly slidable relative to a guide rail and includes a milling tool. A depth-of-cut reference guide rail for the tool bearing is mounted on top of the guide rail running surface, and a side depth-of-cut reference guide rail is mounted on the side. The two depth-of-cut reference guide rails are rotatably mounted about a common axis and arranged in front of the milling tool in the feed direction.

[0008] Due to the relatively high axle load and high operating speed, the track is often subjected to stresses up to the yield limit of the track material, thus causing wear, which has an adverse effect on the running surface profile of the track head.

[0009] Due to long-term wear, the running surface of railway tracks does not remain straight, but rather develops waves of varying lengths over time. These waves are eliminated by grinding the track, but longer waves can cause certain equipment problems.

[0010] In order to eliminate the grooves and ripples generated on the track surface during track operation, it is necessary to grind the head of the track from time to time. These grooves and ripples will cause vibration of the vehicle wheelsets, thereby disrupting the smooth operation of the vehicle, leading to excessive wear of the track superstructure and the vehicle, and generating vibrating running noise.

[0011] For this purpose, known grinding apparatuses have at least two pot-shaped discs arranged longitudinally along the guide head and mounted on the running surface on opposite end faces of the guide head, each having a grinding profile corresponding to the profile of the running surface.

[0012] For example, a method for machining railway tracks is known, in which multiple rotating grinding wheels are used, arranged side by side and sequentially, with some of the grinding wheels tilted according to the original profile of the track head. This grinding method can only achieve an approximation of the original profile of the track head.

[0013] EP 0 315 704 B1 has described a grinding machine for reshaping a track head, the grinding machine having a grinding head that can be adjusted by a lifting device, wherein the grinding head can be continuously and staggeredly raised and lowered.

[0014] A device for a grinding module in a track grinding machine is known from WO 00 / 58559 A1. This device takes into account radial offset when the radius of curvature of the track is narrow without generating a forced force and allows for simple reshaping of the track. The grinding wheel has five degrees of freedom, wherein each grinding module is at least approximately vertically adjustable supported by a frame and at least approximately horizontally adjustable supported on the frame by a bracket.

[0015] So-called pot-type grinding machines are also known, which engage with the track surface on the front and are preferably at an angle to the track surface to be ground.

[0016] In so-called offset grinding, one end face of the grinding wheel is also used to machine the track, but it is shaped according to the geometry of the track. This is made possible because the rotary axis does not pass through the track, but extends with a lateral spacing. Therefore, the grinding zone is not located in front of the rotary axis in the direction of the feed motion, but laterally between the rotary axis and the track. To achieve sufficient removal capacity, high rotational speeds and / or high contact forces are set. In practice, this generates sparks and thus creates a fire hazard.

[0017] EP 2 525 933 B1 relates to an apparatus for post-cutting machining of the running surface of a guide head, the apparatus having a frame guided along the guide head. The machining tool is designed as a counter-rotating, drivable straight end mill whose rotation axis runs on a common plane, and whose cutting areas overlap with each other transversely to the longitudinal direction of the guide head.

[0018] Other equipment for grinding is described in the documents US 4,583,895 A1, DE 32 27 343 A1, DE 28 01 110 A1 and EP 1 918 458 A1.

[0019] Rail grinding apparatuses having a grinding belt running parallel to the longitudinal axis of the rail are known through CH 670 667 A5, US 5,997,391 A, DE 41 19 525 A1, and JP 2003-053655 A. During grinding, the grinding belt is pressed onto the rail to be ground by a shaped slipper, a movable pressure shoe, or a pressure element. Furthermore, DE 20 200 5 012 147U1 discloses an apparatus for grinding rails having a contact roller corresponding to a rail head, through which the grinding belt is pressed against the rail head.

[0020] In addition, EP 0 444 242 A1 also provides an apparatus for grinding the running surface of a track using a grinding belt parallel to the longitudinal axis of the track, wherein an additional belt formed as a pressure belt is provided between the pressure roller and the grinding belt.

[0021] So-called sliders are also used for contour grinding of the track head. In this case, a grinding machine is used, with the grinding stone located on the underside of the machine, and the grinding stone is guided on the track surface under pressure. Slippery stone grinding is based on the oscillating translational motion of the grinding body along the track during vehicle movement. By shaping the grinding body, even under gradual wear during use, the grinding body largely retains its shape, thus achieving good surface quality and dimensional accuracy in principle.

[0022] One drawback of using a sliding stone for grinding is that the sliding stone adapts to the wear profile of the track surface in a very short time. Therefore, although the grooves and ripples on the track surface can be eliminated, the original profile of the track head cannot be restored.

[0023] To increase the achievable movement speed of the sliding stone, DE 21 32 220 A proposes a grinding body support that can be fixed to a grinding train. This support has a single guide channel pointing towards the track surface for a relatively coarse-grained grinding body with loose particles. The grinding body is supplied to the track surface under pressure through the channel and held thereby by the channel wall. The distance between the lower boundary edge of the guide channel and the track surface is less than the particle size of the grinding body. Therefore, only relatively small and short chips are formed, which are easily removed. This effectively avoids the risk of thermal blockage and any breakage caused by plaque formation.

[0024] For example, in order to increase machining speed, it is known from DE 32 22 208 A1 to use milling tools with cutting edges distributed in multiple axial groups on the circumference of the tool head to simulate the profile of the guide head.

[0025] However, the arc-shaped cutting path of each cutting edge of the milling tool caused by this circular milling results in a longitudinal wave surface on the guide rail head. As the chip distance of the continuous cutting edges increases, the surface quality deteriorates with the increase of feed rate.

[0026] These disadvantages are overcome by, for example, a face cutter known in US4,583,893 A, which is located on one side of the track head and used in conjunction with a complex guide device having a freely rotatable guide disc and several guide wheels on the opposite side of the track.

[0027] The device according to EP 0 148 089 A2 also has similar drawbacks, in which the running surface is machined on both sides of the longitudinal center by a milling head designed as a straight milling cutter, but must be used together with a properly inclined shaft, because the circumferential milling cutter for the longitudinal side of the track head must be located upstream or downstream of the common milling head respectively.

[0028] In addition, WO 02 / 06587A1 describes a method for reshaping at least the raised portion of the cross-sectional profile of the track head of a track by circumferential milling of five or more adjacent milling passes in the longitudinal direction of the track.

[0029] Documents EP 0 952 255 B1, US 5,549,505 A, EP 0 668 398 B1, EP 0 668 397 B1, US4,275,499 A and DE 32 22 208 C2 describe additional devices for post-cutting machining, particularly for milling rail heads mounted on rails.

[0030] Furthermore, such devices are known in which the track head is machined using a so-called track planer. Document DE 28 41 506 C2 illustrates such a device in which a cutting tool machines the track in a continuous feed motion. Planing can produce a flat surface, which, compared to milling, shows only a negligible machining path. In particular, a disadvantage of planing compared to milling is its relatively long machining time, as it requires several passes over the track section to be machined.

[0031] To obtain a planar surface, EP 2 177 664 A1 recommends moving the cutting edge along a straight path during the cutting process of the workpiece.

[0032] When machining tracks with milling tools, a significant amount of material can be removed, but the resulting surface finish requires post-processing through finishing. In contrast, known grinding methods achieve even less material removal than milling. However, higher feed rates can be achieved during grinding, so in practice, both milling and grinding methods are used due to their respective boundary conditions.

[0033] Therefore, the commonly used method is to machine the track by milling in one machining process and reduce the machining traces (such as ripples or trajectory images) generated by milling on the machined surface by grinding.

[0034] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to significantly improve the material removal performance during profile grinding while placing high demands on the surface properties and dimensional accuracy of the processed profiles.

[0035] Therefore, according to the present invention, an apparatus for grinding is provided, wherein a rotating axis can be positioned in an inclined direction relative to a vertical plane and / or relative to a horizontal plane, and the rotating axis does not extend through a profile, wherein a support is arranged on the apparatus in a transverse plane, particularly translatably relative to the transverse plane and relative to the feed direction, and the support is kinetically coupled to at least one contact element capable of force-transmitting relative to the profile, the contact element serving as a lateral mimic and / or height mimic, the support being automatically aligned in the transverse plane with the grinding body relative to the profile and relative to the apparatus via the contact element.

[0036] This invention is based on the understanding that when machining profiles using a mobile device designed for rail vehicles, extremely low tolerances can be maintained by making the support of the grinding body movable relative to the profile and relative to the mobile device, and by automatically aligning it during use of the device. Furthermore, the machining result is independent of the wear of the grinding body, and therefore does not adversely affect the quality of the surface finish.

[0037] Automatic alignment can be performed based on non-contact distance measurement. According to the invention, the device is equipped with a contact element, such as a sliding element, like a slider, or an assembly having at least one roller or wheel. Through contact-based lateral and / or height mimicry elements, the support of the grinding body moves in a transverse plane within its guiding device, thereby accommodating wear on the grinding wheel. Furthermore, the contact element also compensates for deviations to the outside of curves that occur in practice due to the forced guidance of the moving device during turns.

[0038] This forced-guided lateral imitation is preferably abutted against the side facing inward or towards the center of the other track in a force-transfer manner.

[0039] It has proven particularly suitable for a support to simultaneously support pairs of grinding bodies arranged on a common transverse plane of the equipment, allowing the grinding bodies to be aligned both together and relative to each other, along with parallel rails. By assigning a separate contact element to each grinding body, inaccuracies in the profile along its main extension or deviations from the ideal parallel direction of the rails can be compensated for. For this purpose, the contact element preloads the profile, and particularly the rails, with a predetermined, and especially adjustable, preload. Thus, the grinding bodies simultaneously open relative to each other, eliminating the need for additional supports to absorb the supporting forces.

[0040] For height adjustment, another contact element (which can be designed as a roller) is preloaded from above relative to the running surface of the profile or track to achieve automatic adjustment in the vertical direction. Furthermore, the contact element can also have two support surfaces to allow for simultaneous horizontal alignment relative to the side and vertical alignment relative to the running surface using a single contact element.

[0041] It has been demonstrated that, through the vertical and horizontal guidance of the support and the grinding body connected thereto, the device equipped in this way operates independently of the movement of the rail vehicle. Therefore, for the first time, instead of the work platform forming a reference for tool adjustment as in the prior art, the profile to be processed forms a reference directly, which significantly leads to fewer error effects.

[0042] The results show that machining quality can be further improved by arranging the grinding bodies on the common transverse plane of the device or the cross-sectional plane of the profile, along with their corresponding contact elements. Therefore, the position of the contact elements, which act as lateral imitation elements, is directly related to the rotation center of the grinding bodies, which are specially designed as pot-shaped grinding wheels, thus preventing lateral offset even during cornering. Conversely, the profile of the grinding bodies remains consistent with the profile.

[0043] Particularly preferred is that the rotation axis of the grinding body is oriented laterally or centrally within the cross-section of the profile, such that the rotation axis does not intersect with the profile. Through the setting angle and eccentric position of the pot-shaped grinding wheel, a negative shape of the profile is formed within the grinding body. This creates a contact surface with varying contact lengths on the profile surface, distributed along the transverse profile of the track. Due to the extended contact surface within the profile radius, the grinding wheel automatically stabilizes longitudinally, thereby achieving ideal smoothing of the surface, particularly residual ripples in the profile.

[0044] Furthermore, it has proven particularly useful when multiple grinding bodies are arranged sequentially on their respective supports in the feed direction, where the rotation axes of the grinding bodies are not parallel but inclined relative to each other. Different setting angles of the grinding bodies create different grinding zones on the profile surface. By using two consecutive grinding bodies at different angles, and by machining different surface segments (marks) with different inclination angles parallel to the main extension direction of the profile, the entire transverse profile can be ground.

[0045] The grinding head can operate in both the same and opposite directions, so the rotation direction of the grinding head is the same in the feed direction and the reverse feed direction. Therefore, during the material removal process in the grinding process, a removal beam, which is always working in the same direction and is particularly tangential, is generated by the rotating grinding head, regardless of the direction of movement of the device.

[0046] Because the rotation axis of the grinding head is not parallel to the cross-section of the profile being machined, but is oriented at an angle in the feed direction or opposite to the feed direction, the larger proportion of the contact area between the grinding head and the profile is located in front of or behind the plane of the rotation axis. In this way, tail-following or leading machining relative to the cross-section of the profile can be easily achieved.

[0047] This can also be used to implement a trailing or following device for hobbing or face milling to polish residual ripples.

[0048] Different positions of the grinding body are conceivable. When the grinding body is placed at the center, i.e., when the axis of rotation passes through the profile, especially its central longitudinal axis, straight facets are produced, which has proven useful in rough grinding. It is also reasonable to use a combination of multiple grinding bodies, with at least one passing through the axis of rotation of the profile and at least another having an axis of rotation laterally offset from the profile and oriented non-intersectingly.

[0049] When a grinding body is used in combination with at least one milling cutter, a milled track cross section with a partial allowance can be produced, resulting in a precise track cross section after grinding. This occurs when the milled allowance protrudes into a range within which the grinding wheel corresponds to its normal (pressing direction = maximum grinding removal).

[0050] During the grinding process, the grinding body is held against the profile with a particularly adjustable or limited pressing or pre-clamping force. Appropriately, the pressing or pre-clamping force is controlled by taking into account relevant parameters of the profile and environmental conditions, as well as the detected torque of the grinding body and the feed rate of the device.

[0051] In order to compensate for different profiles, especially tracks or different usage conditions, and the resulting differences in relative position and orientation between profiles and devices, the bracket or rotating shaft can be adjusted under path control.

[0052] In another particularly successful design of the invention, the support is designed to reversibly translate in a plane parallel to the main extension of the profile or track during rotational or oscillating motion, thereby introducing superimposed motion. Multiple grinding devices intervene in each segment of the track simultaneously by the reverse translational motion of the support, which is mounted on the grinding body, during a reciprocating rotational or oscillating motion along a specific arc, as well as by the grinding body itself. Therefore, the track segment is not only reached once by the grinding zone of the grinding body, but also traversed multiple times, resulting in correspondingly high removal performance. Thus, surface quality comparable to that of the slipstone process can be achieved, and in particular, ripples in the track surface can be reliably eliminated.

[0053] The shape of the machining path is not determined by the geometry of the grinding body, but by the set angle; therefore, no dimensional deviations occur when combined with rotary or oscillating motion. Known combinations of multiple grinding bodies have proven useful.

[0054] Particularly advantageous is that the rotation axis of at least one grinding body forms an acute angle with the longitudinal axis of the profile. Therefore, the desired grinding shape is achieved by multiple grinding bodies that together produce the desired profile. The rotation axes of the different grinding bodies form an acute angle with each other. Furthermore, the setting angle of at least one grinding body can be designed to be adjustable, and preferably, the tilt angle of each rotation axis can also be designed to be adjustable during operation of the device.

[0055] In addition, the setting angle can also be selected according to the expected clearance limit degree of freedom (Lichtraumprofilfreiheit) so as to achieve the best grinding results even under operating conditions with limited space.

[0056] According to another particularly convenient design of the invention, if the rotation axis of the grinding body closes at an acute angle with the transverse plane of the track, rapid material removal from the processing zone is achieved in a simple manner, so that the removed material does not accumulate in the grinding gap.

[0057] Clearly, the grinding body has a rotationally symmetrical shape. Particularly advantageous are variations of the grinding body that have concave circumferential or end faces, at least in sections, wherein the concave grinding surface conforms to the geometry of the track profile.

[0058] In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the grinding bodies and / or supports are at least electrically and / or hydraulically driven to provide the required drive power, and are also capable of rapidly changing the speed of the supports or grinding bodies by deceleration or acceleration according to their respective operating conditions. The drive devices can be centrally arranged on the device or distributed on the supports, wherein multiple grinding bodies can be provided with the required drive power by a common drive device.

[0059] Another particularly successful design of the invention is thus achieved, in which the rotational or oscillating motion of at least one grinding body and the translational motion of the support are synchronized through motion coupling. Thus, the rotational or oscillating motion is adapted to the motion sequence of the support, which cyclically decelerates at the reversal point due to the reversible translational motion. The corresponding changes in the relative motion of the grinding body relative to the track are compensated by motion coupling. Therefore, it is also easy to superimpose other driving power of the grinding body with the further driving power caused by motion coupling. For example, racks, connecting rods, coupling rods, etc., can be used for force transmission. Thus, in practice, especially when the movement direction of the support is opposite to the travel direction, an additional speed component of the rotation or oscillation of the grinding wheel is superimposed on at least one grinding body. The lateral imitation and guide rail are preloaded relative to the profile by preload, while, for example, the grinding body can be lifted to one side.

[0060] In another particularly advantageous variant of the invention, the drive power of the support is used as the sole drive power for the rotation of the mold by using a coupler.

[0061] In another particularly successful embodiment of the invention, synchronous rotational or oscillating motion of at least one grinding body is achieved on the one hand, and translational motion of the support on the other hand, through hydraulic, pneumatic, or electromechanical coupling. In this case, the additional or separate drive power of at least one grinding body is generated by increasing or decreasing the cyclic pressure of the hydraulic or pneumatic pressure driven by the support, which is effective in the reversal point region of the reversal motion. In this case, the drive power provided at the rear and front reversal points can also be differentiated. In this way, for example, the relative speed of the rotating or oscillating grinding body and the translational movement of the support relative to the track can be kept constant within specified limits. For this purpose, a pressure reservoir can also be provided to enable the provision of drive power as uniformly as possible.

[0062] The technical problem of the present invention is also solved by a method for grinding profiles, particularly for tracks of rail vehicles, wherein at least one grinding body mounted on a support is driven to rotate or oscillate about a rotation axis by means of a method in which, during the rotational or oscillating motion of at least one grinding body, the support carrying the grinding body is driven to translate in a reverse direction, at least from time to time, parallel to the longitudinal axis of the profile, to introduce superimposed motion. Thus, multiple engagements of the grinding bodies always occur in each profile segment, wherein the support reciprocates longitudinally along the track, and the grinding body provides the desired material removal through its rotational or oscillating motion. The rotation axis of the grinding body is arranged, in particular, at an acute angle, relative to the plane of the surface segment to be processed and / or the cross-section of the track. In this way, by means of the tilted orientation of the rotation axis of the grinding body, the removed material is discharged from the track centrally or laterally, thus preventing undesirable accumulation in the grinding gap region. Preferably, the rotation axis is tilted such that the lateral axis portion is located in front of the central axis portion relative to the track in the direction of travel. In this case, the central side refers to the side facing the adjacent track, and the lateral side refers to the side facing away from the adjacent track.

[0063] Compared to existing grinding methods that use rotating grinding wheels, this method can reduce the rotational speed, thereby significantly reducing spark splashing during operation, while still increasing the relative speed between the track surface and the grinding body.

[0064] Since the translational motion of the grinding body within the track plane follows a sinusoidal velocity, rotation is preferably controlled in such a way that the rotational speed of the grinding body is increased in the region of the reversal point of the translational reversal motion of the support. In particular, the rotational speed of the grinding body is reciprocal or mutually compatible with the translational motion.

[0065] By superimposing the translational motion of the device along the track, the translational velocities when moving in the travel direction are added together, and the translational velocities when moving in the opposite travel direction are subtracted. The absolute translational velocity of the grinding body is not zero within the reversal point range during operation. Conversely, the velocity of the support between the reversal points in the travel direction is greater than that in the opposite direction. To compensate, the rotational speed is further reduced in the travel direction, while it increases in the reverse direction.

[0066] A particularly practical extension of the method of the invention is achieved in such a way that the rotational speed or frequency of the rotational or oscillating motion of at least one grinding body is changed, in particular increased, in the region of the reversal point of the translational reversible motion relative to the region between the reversal points, to compensate for the delay of the translational motion of the support by correspondingly increasing the rotational or oscillating motion. In particular, the change in the rotational speed or frequency of the rotational or oscillating motion is reciprocally set with respect to the reversible translational motion.

[0067] For mobile devices, particularly those designed for rail vehicles, it has proven particularly useful when the rotational or oscillating motion in the direction of travel is at a lower speed or frequency than in the opposite direction. This balances the self-motion of the mobile device along the track, which is superimposed on the translational motion of the support, and increases or decreases in quantity depending on the stage of the support's movement. Of course, in addition to this fundamental difference in rotational or oscillating motion in the direction of travel and the opposite direction, deceleration and acceleration occurring in the reversal point region of the support's directional motion can also be compensated for in this way.

[0068] In a particularly simple variant of this method, the rotational or oscillating motion of at least one grinding body is coupled with the translational motion of the support to maintain low control costs.

[0069] To accelerate the rotational or oscillating motion of the grinding body while the support is decelerating, the support can also be connected to an energy storage device, such as a pressure vessel, filled within the support's maximum speed range. At the reversal point of the support's motion, the stored energy can be extracted and used to increase the speed or frequency of the grinding body.

[0070] It has proven particularly reasonable that the grinding body contacts the track surface through its circumferential or end-side grinding surfaces, allowing for the machining of larger sections of the track head via the corresponding contour of the grinding body, thereby ensuring high machining accuracy. Preferably, an offset grinding method combined with milling is employed.

[0071] This invention allows for various implementations. To further illustrate its basic principles, one is shown in the accompanying drawings and described below. This is shown in the schematic diagram.

[0072] Figure 1The cross-section of the cutting profile and the grinding body inclined at a 35° angle are shown;

[0073] Figure 2 Another view of a profile with grinding bodies arranged at a 5° angle is shown;

[0074] Figure 3 Showing has as Figure 1 A front view of the bracket of the present invention for the grinding body of the present invention;

[0075] Figure 4 A front view of a support having grinding bodies arranged at a 5° angle is shown;

[0076] Figure 5 A front view of the bracket is shown when its position and orientation are adjusted;

[0077] Figure 6 A side view of the bracket is shown when its position and orientation are adjusted;

[0078] Figure 7 Showing the cross section Figure 1 The enlarged cross-section of the profile;

[0079] Figure 8 The front view shows the grinding body with two rotating axes inclined to each other.

[0080] The following is based on Figures 1 to 8 The principle described herein illustrates a device 1 designed for use as a rail vehicle, which is used to grind a profile 2 designed as a track by means of a grinding body 4, particularly for grinding the running surface 3. The device 1 shown in this variant is specifically designed for machining parallel-running tracks as the profile 2 to be ground.

[0081] To better understand this invention, Figure 3 The diagram shows parallel tracks and associated mirror-symmetrically arranged grinding bodies 4, which are collectively arranged on the device 1, as will be explained in detail below.

[0082] For the grinding of profile 2, the grinding body 4 is equipped with an end face grinding surface 5 having adhesive particles and geometrically undefined cutting edges. Specifically, as... Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the rotation axis 6 of the grinding body 4 has different tilt angles α and β between 5° and 90° relative to the central longitudinal plane 7 of the profile 2.

[0083] A fundamental aspect of the invention is that, as is identifiable, the rotation axis 6 is not only tilted relative to the vertical and horizontal directions, but also additionally eccentrically oriented with a certain offset, such that the rotation axis 6 of the grinding body 4 does not cut the profile 2. Therefore, only circular sectors or segments with a central angle less than 180° contact the profile 2. Unlike the central orientation of the rotation axis 6 towards the profile 2, a radially concave grinding surface 5 of the grinding body 4 can thus be achieved relative to the rotation axis 6. This concave shape 8 can be introduced into the grinding body 4 during manufacturing, which adapts optimally to the profile 2 during use, so that wear does not lead to undesirable shape deviations.

[0084] It should be emphasized that, through this offset or eccentric positioning of the rotation axis 6 and its tilted orientation at angles α and β, the grinding body 4 not only achieves an optimal concave shape for the first time, but also the widths b and B of the surface segments to be machined by the grinding body 4 on the cross-sectional plane of the profile 2 are much greater than the widths achievable with tools and the resulting facets known in the prior art. Conversely, it has been demonstrated that, according to the present invention, optimal surface finishing of the profile 2 does not require two or more grinding bodies 4 arranged consecutively in the feed direction, and in some cases even only requires one grinding body 4, such as... Figure 1 Combination Figure 7 As shown.

[0085] In fact, the grinding surface 5 so widely surrounds the convex surface portion 9 between the running surface 3 and the inner surface 10 of the centrally confining profile 2 that it allows for machining quality that was previously unattainable in terms of dimensional and shape stability.

[0086] Each of the grinding bodies 4 is mounted on a support 11, which allows the grinding body 4 to be axially supplied relative to the profile 2 parallel to the rotation axis 6 in order to compensate for wear, and allows adjustment of the ideal tilt angles α and β for their respective operating conditions.

[0087] The support 11 itself moves relative to the profile 2 in a plane parallel to its cross-sectional plane or in a transverse plane relative to the feed direction of the device 1 by means of the guide device 12. Therefore, even if the device itself, as a moving track vehicle, experiences relative movement to the profile 2, the grinding body 4 can maintain a consistently optimal and constant position relative to the profile 2 during operation, in principle as if traveling on a curve. In this case, the support 11 is moved laterally, wherein two supports 11 arranged in a common transverse plane are kinematically coupled for the common adjustment of the individual grinding bodies 4, thereby performing a common motion.

[0088] The control of this lateral or transverse movement of the support 11 is achieved by connecting the support 11 to at least one contact element 13, which can be attached to the profile 2 in a force-transmitting manner. Through this contact element, the support 11, together with the grinding body 4, is automatically aligned or oriented relative to the profile 2 and the device 1 in the transverse plane. For this purpose, the contact element 13, which is a slider with a sliding surface, can rest against the side surface 10 of the profile 2, while another contact element 14, designed as a roller, rests against the running surface 3 from above to detect height, so that the two contact elements 13 and 14 together form a reference for the alignment of the grinding body 4, and due to the adjustable preload F in the transverse plane, the support 11 is automatically aligned relative to the profile 2 and the device 1.

[0089] like Figure 8 As shown, multiple grinding bodies 4, for example, with different tilting rotation axes 6, can be arranged sequentially on their respective supports 11 along the feed direction of the device 1, wherein the rotation axes 6 of the grinding bodies 4 form an acute angle φ. Therefore, the grinding bodies 4 allow different surface segments 9 of a convex or flat surface to be machined into parallel trajectories.

[0090] According to the present invention, during the grinding of the profile 2, a superimposed reversible motion of the grinding body 4 and its grinding surface 5, driven by rotation or oscillation around its rotation axis 6, can also be achieved. The support 11 of the grinding body 4 is designed to perform a reversible translational motion parallel to the central longitudinal plane 7 of the profile 2 during the rotational or oscillating motion of the grinding body 4, in order to initiate the superimposed motion. If the vehicle carrying the bearing device follows the shape of the profile 2 at its usual inherent speed, it reaches each surface segment of the profile 2 multiple times through this translational motion superimposed on the rotational motion of the grinding body 4. Therefore, such a track segment is not only reached once by the grinding surface 5 of the grinding body 4, but also passed through several times by the grinding surface 5 of the grinding body 4, thus achieving a very good surface quality. In this case, the rotation axes 6, which are inclined at an angle φ to each other, ensure that the removed material is discharged from the grinding gap and does not accumulate. Through efficient processing and high material removal, the rotational speed can be reduced, thereby reducing wear and spark splash, while increasing the relative speed between the surface of the profile 2 and the grinding body 4.

[0091] Since the translational motion of the support 11 follows a sinusoidal velocity curve between its reversal points and is also superimposed by the vehicle's own motion, the rotation is also preferably controlled in such a way that the rotational speed of the grinding body 4 can be increased in the region of the reversal point of the reversal motion. In particular, the rotational speed and the translational motion are reziprokably matched. Furthermore, by additionally superimposing the translational motion on the vehicle's own motion along the profile 2, the translational speed in the travel direction is added, and the translational speed in the reverse travel direction is subtracted, so the rotational speed of the grinding body 4 is also adjusted differently depending on the preceding or following stage.

[0092] List of reference numerals

[0093] 1 device

[0094] 2 profiles

[0095] 3 operating surfaces

[0096] 4 Grinding body

[0097] 5 grinding surfaces

[0098] 6 rotating axes

[0099] 7. Central longitudinal plane

[0100] 8 styles

[0101] 9 Surface Sections

[0102] 10 Side Views

[0103] 11 supports

[0104] 12 guiding devices

[0105] 13 Contact Elements

[0106] 14 Contact Elements

[0107] b, width of B

[0108] Angles α, β, φ

[0109] F Preload

Claims

1. A device (1) designed for movement of a rail vehicle for grinding a profile (2) having a running surface (3) and a side (10) defining a profile (2), the device (1) having at least one profiled grinding body (4) rotatably and / or oscillatingly driven about a rotation axis (6), wherein the rotation axis (6) is tiltably positioned by means of an orientation angle (α, β) relative to a vertical plane and / or relative to a horizontal plane, and wherein the support (11) is arranged on the device (1) by means of a guide device (12) in a transverse plane relative to the profile (2) and / or in a transverse plane relative to the feed direction, and wherein the support (11) is coupled with at least one contact element (13, 14) capable of abutting relative to the profile (2) in the region of the contact surface of the profile (2), by means of said contact element, the support (11) together with the grinding body (4) being automatically aligned in the transverse plane relative to the profile (2) and relative to the device (1), characterized in that, The rotation axis (6) of the grinding body (4) forms a plane with the transverse axis relative to the longitudinal axis of the profile (2), the plane intersecting with at least one contact surface of at least one contact element (13, 14) on the profile (2).

2. The apparatus (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that, The plane of the rotation axis (6) of the grinding body (4) is parallel to the cross section of the profile (2).

3. The apparatus (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that, The plane of the rotation axis (6) of the grinding body (4) forms an acute angle with the cross-sectional plane of the profile (2), such that the rotation axis (6) of the grinding body (4) has a trailing or leading orientation relative to the profile (2) with reference to the feed direction of the device.

4. The apparatus (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, At least one contact element (13, 14) and at least one rotating shaft (6) are kinematically coupled such that, during the grinding process, when the relative orientation of the rotating shaft (6) relative to the contact element (13, 14) changes, the relative orientation of the rotating shaft (6) relative to the profile (2) remains constant.

5. The apparatus (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, In order to adjust the different orientation angles (α, β) of the rotation axis (6) relative to the vertical plane and / or relative to the horizontal plane, the rotation axis (6) can move around a virtual axis of rotation whose instantaneous center is located on the side of the running surface (3) to be machined away from the grinding body (4) and / or on the side (10) of the profile (2).

6. The apparatus (1) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, Multiple grinding bodies (4) are movable relative to each other on a common support (11) in the same cross section of the profile (2), and the support (11) is movable relative to the device (1) in the transverse plane for supplying relative to the side (10) and / or the running surface (3).

7. The apparatus (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, The bracket (11) is automatically aligned with the profile (2) and with respect to the device (1) due to the adjustable preload (F) in the transverse plane.

8. The apparatus (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, The grinding body (4) can be pre-tightened relative to the profile (2) in a controlled manner.

9. The apparatus (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, The rotation axis (6) of the grinding body (4) is laterally offset within the cross section of the profile (2) such that the rotation axis (6) does not intersect with the profile (2).

10. The apparatus (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, Multiple grinding bodies (4) are arranged sequentially on their respective supports (11) in the feed direction, wherein the rotation axes (6) of the grinding bodies (4) are oriented at an angle (φ) to each other, and each grinding body (4) is assigned at least one contact element (13, 14).

11. The apparatus (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, The profile (2) has a convex or flat surface in its cross section divided into multiple surface segments (9) to be processed, and different grinding bodies for processing different surface segments (9) are arranged at different tilt angles (α, β) of their respective rotation axes (6), and / or equipped with different grinding bodies (4), wherein at least some of the grinding bodies have concave profiles.

12. The apparatus (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, At least part of the rotation axis (6) is tilted relative to the cross section of the profile (2) for orientation as a reference for the feed direction to follow or lead.

13. The apparatus (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, At least part of the grinding body (4) has a machined surface on the end side, which has a geometrically undefined cutting edge.

14. The apparatus (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, The pressing force of the grinding body (4) can be adjusted by means of a control device based on the torque acting on the rotating shaft (6) and / or the feed speed of the device (1) relative to the profile (2).

15. The apparatus (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, During the rotation and / or oscillation of the grinding body (4), the support (11) is capable of directional translation in a plane parallel to the main extension of the profile (2).

16. The apparatus (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, The rotation axis (6) of at least one grinding body (4) forms an acute angle (φ) with the longitudinal axis of the profile (2).

17. The apparatus (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, The grinding body (4) and / or support (11) can be driven rotatably or translationally by at least one electric and / or hydraulic drive of the device (1).

18. The apparatus (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, The rotational or oscillating motion of at least one grinding body (4) and the translational motion of the support (11) are synchronized through motion coupling.

19. The apparatus (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that, The grinding body (4) is at least partially concave.

20. The apparatus (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that, The bracket (11) is translatably arranged on the device (1) in the transverse plane relative to the profile (2) and / or in the transverse plane relative to the feed direction by means of the guide device (12).

21. The apparatus (1) according to claim 13, characterized in that, At least part of the grinding body (4) has a concave machining surface on the end side, which has a geometrically undefined cutting edge.

22. A method for grinding a profile (2), wherein at least one shaped grinding body (4) disposed on a support (11) is rotatably and / or oscillatingly driven about a rotation axis (6), characterized in that, The grinding body (4) applies force to the profile (2) in a controlled manner, wherein at least one contact element (13, 14) is aligned with the grinding body (4) as a support in the common force flow plane that serves as the reaction force when grinding the profile (2).

23. The method according to claim 22, characterized in that, The orientation angles (α, β) of the vertical and / or horizontal planes of the rotation axis (6) relative to the rotation axis (6) of the grinding body (4) are changed during the processing of the profile (2).

24. The method according to claim 22 or 23, characterized in that, Grinding of the profile (2) is carried out in the same direction or in the opposite direction.

25. The method according to claim 22 or 23, characterized in that, During the rotation or oscillation of at least one grinding body (4), the support (11) is driven at least from time to time in a reversed translational manner to introduce superimposed motion in a plane parallel to the longitudinal axis of the profile (2).

26. The method according to claim 25, characterized in that, The rotational speed and / or frequency of the rotational or oscillating motion of at least one grinding body (4) changes in the region of the reversal point of the reversible motion of the translational movement of the support (11).

27. The method according to claim 22 or 23, characterized in that, At least one grinding body (4) is driven at a lower speed or frequency in the traveling direction than in the reverse traveling direction during co-current operation, or at least one grinding body (4) is driven at a higher speed or frequency in the traveling direction than in the reverse traveling direction during reverse operation.

28. The method according to claim 22 or 23, characterized in that, On the one hand, the rotation or oscillation of at least one grinding body (4) and on the other hand, the translational motion of the support (11) are coupled in motion.

29. The method according to claim 22 or 23, characterized in that, First, the profile (2) is removed by milling at least in a portion of the transverse profile of the profile (2), wherein the removal is carried out until an excess relative to the target size is achieved, and then the excess is removed at least partially by grinding.

30. The method according to claim 22 or 23, characterized in that, The grinding body (4) is applied to the profile (2) in a controlled manner with an adjustable preload force.

31. The method according to claim 30, characterized in that, The preload (F) is set based on the measured values ​​of the detected rotational speed, feed rate, pressing force and / or torque of the grinding body (4).

32. The method according to claim 22 or 23, characterized in that, The method is used to grind and determine the track for rail vehicles.

33. The method according to claim 26, characterized in that, The rotational speed and / or frequency of the rotational or oscillating motion of at least one grinding body (4) is increased in the region of the reversible point of the translational reversible motion of the support (11).

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