Transmission configuration for target radar signals having different target radar signal densities in time domain

Abstract

In one aspect, a radar controller determines a transmission configuration for a target radar signal from a first wireless communication device to a second wireless communication device, the target radar signal for sensing at least one target, the at least one transmission configuration configuring a first time domain portion associated with a first time domain target radar signal density and a second time domain portion associated with a second time domain target radar signal density different from the first time domain target radar signal density. The radar controller sends the transmission configuration to the first wireless communication device and the second wireless communication device. The first wireless communication device sends the target radar signal to the second wireless communication device in accordance with the transmission configuration.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The various aspects of this disclosure generally relate to wireless communication, and more specifically to transmission configurations for target radar signals having different target radar signal densities in the time domain. Background Technology

[0002] Wireless communication systems have evolved through multiple generations, including first-generation analog radiotelephone service (1G), second-generation (2G) digital radiotelephone service (including temporary 2.5G and 2.75G networks), third-generation (3G) high-speed data, wireless services supporting the Internet, and fourth-generation (4G) services (e.g., Long Term Evolution (LTE) or WiMax). Currently, many different types of wireless communication systems are used, including cellular and Personal Communication Services (PCS) systems. Known examples of cellular systems include cellular analog Advanced Mobile Phone Systems (AMPS) and digital cellular systems based on Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA), Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA), Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA), Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM), etc.

[0003] The fifth-generation (5G) wireless standard, known as New Radio (NR), demands higher data transmission speeds, more connections, better coverage, and other improvements. According to the Next Generation Mobile Networks Alliance (NGC), the 5G standard is designed to provide tens of megabits per second (Mbps) of data to each of tens of thousands of users, or 1 gigabit per second (Gbps) to dozens of employees on an office floor. To support large-scale sensor deployments, it should support hundreds of thousands of simultaneous connections. Therefore, the spectral efficiency of 5G mobile communications should be significantly improved compared to the current 4G standard. Furthermore, signaling efficiency should be enhanced and latency significantly reduced compared to the current standard.

[0004] 5G enables wireless communication between network nodes such as base stations, user equipment (UE), vehicles, and factory automation machines using mmW RF signals. However, mmW RF signals can also be used for other purposes. For example, mmW RF signals can be used in weapon systems (e.g., as short-range fire control radar in tanks and aircraft), security screening systems (e.g., in scanners that detect weapons and other dangerous objects carried under clothing), and pharmaceuticals (e.g., treating diseases by altering cell growth). Summary of the Invention

[0005] In some aspects, a method of operating a radar controller includes: determining at least one transmission configuration for a target radar signal from a first wireless communication device to a second wireless communication device, the target radar signal being used to sense at least one target, the at least one transmission configuration configuring a first time-domain portion associated with a first time-domain target radar signal density and a second time-domain portion associated with a second time-domain target radar signal density different from the first time-domain target radar signal density; and transmitting the at least one transmission configuration to the first wireless communication device and the second wireless communication device.

[0006] In some respects, the first wireless communication device corresponds to a base station, a transmitting / receiving point, a relay, or a user equipment (UE).

[0007] In some respects, the second wireless communication device corresponds to a base station, a transmitting / receiving point, a relay, or a user equipment (UE).

[0008] In some aspects, the at least one transmission configuration includes a single transmission configuration that configures both the first time domain portion and the second time domain portion.

[0009] In some aspects, the at least one transmission configuration includes a first transmission configuration configuring the first time domain portion, and the at least one transmission configuration includes a second transmission configuration configuring the second time domain portion.

[0010] In some respects, the first transmission configuration and the second transmission configuration are sent at different times.

[0011] In some respects, the first time domain portion and the second time domain portion are adjacent to each other without any intermediate time gap.

[0012] In some respects, the time domain gap is arranged between the first time domain portion and the second time domain portion.

[0013] In some respects, the first time domain portion and the second time domain portion are associated with the timing of the same target radar signal used to sense the at least one target.

[0014] In some respects, the first time domain portion and the second time domain portion have the same duration.

[0015] In some respects, the first time domain portion and the second time domain portion have different durations.

[0016] In some respects, the at least one transport configuration also configures a third time domain portion.

[0017] In some respects, the third time domain portion is associated with the third time domain target radar signal density, which may be the same as or different from the first time domain target radar signal density or the second time domain target radar signal density.

[0018] In some aspects, a method of operating a first wireless communication device includes: receiving from a radar controller at least one transmission configuration for a target radar signal from the first wireless communication device to a second wireless communication device, the target radar signal being used to sense at least one target, the at least one transmission configuration configuring a first time-domain portion associated with a first time-domain target radar signal density and a second time-domain portion associated with a second time-domain target radar signal density different from the first time-domain target radar signal density; and transmitting the target radar signal to the second wireless communication device according to the at least one transmission configuration.

[0019] In some respects, the first wireless communication device corresponds to a base station, a transmitting / receiving point, a relay, or a user equipment (UE).

[0020] In some respects, the second wireless communication device corresponds to a base station, a transmitting / receiving point, a relay, or a user equipment (UE).

[0021] In some aspects, the at least one transmission configuration includes a single transmission configuration that configures both the first time domain portion and the second time domain portion.

[0022] In some aspects, the at least one transmission configuration includes a first transmission configuration configuring the first time domain portion, and the at least one transmission configuration includes a second transmission configuration configuring the second time domain portion.

[0023] In some respects, the first transmission configuration and the second transmission configuration are received at different times.

[0024] In some respects, the first time domain portion and the second time domain portion are adjacent to each other without any intermediate time gap.

[0025] In some respects, the time domain gap is arranged between the first time domain portion and the second time domain portion.

[0026] In some respects, the first time domain portion and the second time domain portion are associated with the timing of the same target radar signal used to sense the at least one target.

[0027] In some respects, the first time domain portion and the second time domain portion have the same duration.

[0028] In some respects, the first time domain portion and the second time domain portion have different durations.

[0029] In some respects, the at least one transport configuration also configures a third time domain portion.

[0030] In some respects, the third time domain portion is associated with the third time domain target radar signal density, which may be the same as or different from the first time domain target radar signal density or the second time domain target radar signal density.

[0031] In some aspects, a method of operating a second wireless communication device includes: receiving from a radar controller at least one transmission configuration for a target radar signal from a first wireless communication device to the second wireless communication device, the target radar signal being used to sense at least one target, the at least one transmission configuration configuring a first time-domain portion associated with a first time-domain target radar signal density and a second time-domain portion associated with a second time-domain target radar signal density different from the first time-domain target radar signal density; and receiving the target radar signal from the first wireless communication device according to the at least one transmission configuration.

[0032] In some respects, the first wireless communication device corresponds to a base station, a transmitting / receiving point, a relay, or a user equipment (UE).

[0033] In some respects, the second wireless communication device corresponds to a base station, a transmitting / receiving point, a relay, or a user equipment (UE).

[0034] In some aspects, the at least one transmission configuration includes a single transmission configuration that configures both the first time domain portion and the second time domain portion.

[0035] In some aspects, the at least one transmission configuration includes a first transmission configuration configuring the first time domain portion, and the at least one transmission configuration includes a second transmission configuration configuring the second time domain portion.

[0036] In some respects, the first transmission configuration and the second transmission configuration are received at different times.

[0037] In some respects, the first time domain portion and the second time domain portion are adjacent to each other without any intermediate time gap.

[0038] In some respects, the time domain gap is arranged between the first time domain portion and the second time domain portion.

[0039] In some respects, the first time domain portion and the second time domain portion are associated with the timing of the same target radar signal used to sense the at least one target.

[0040] In some respects, the first time domain portion and the second time domain portion have the same duration.

[0041] In some respects, the first time domain portion and the second time domain portion have different durations.

[0042] In some respects, the at least one transport configuration also configures a third time domain portion.

[0043] In some respects, the third time domain portion is associated with the third time domain target radar signal density, which may be the same as or different from the first time domain target radar signal density or the second time domain target radar signal density.

[0044] In some aspects, a radar controller includes: a memory; at least one transceiver; and at least one processor communicatively coupled to the memory and the at least one transceiver, the at least one processor being configured to: determine at least one transmission configuration for a target radar signal from a first wireless communication device to a second wireless communication device, the target radar signal being used to sense at least one target, the at least one transmission configuration configuring a first time-domain portion associated with a first time-domain target radar signal density and a second time-domain target radar signal density different from the first time-domain target radar signal density; and transmit the at least one transmission configuration to the first wireless communication device and the second wireless communication device.

[0045] In some respects, the first wireless communication device corresponds to a base station, a transmitting / receiving point, a relay, or a user equipment (UE).

[0046] In some respects, the second wireless communication device corresponds to a base station, a transmitting / receiving point, a relay, or a user equipment (UE).

[0047] In some aspects, the at least one transmission configuration includes a single transmission configuration that configures both the first time domain portion and the second time domain portion.

[0048] In some aspects, the at least one transmission configuration includes a first transmission configuration configuring the first time domain portion, and the at least one transmission configuration includes a second transmission configuration configuring the second time domain portion.

[0049] In some respects, the first transmission configuration and the second transmission configuration are sent at different times.

[0050] In some respects, the first time domain portion and the second time domain portion are adjacent to each other without any intermediate time gap.

[0051] In some respects, the time domain gap is arranged between the first time domain portion and the second time domain portion.

[0052] In some respects, the first time domain portion and the second time domain portion are associated with the timing of the same target radar signal used to sense the at least one target.

[0053] In some respects, the first time domain portion and the second time domain portion have the same duration.

[0054] In some respects, the first time domain portion and the second time domain portion have different durations.

[0055] In some respects, the at least one transport configuration also configures a third time domain portion.

[0056] In some respects, the third time domain portion is associated with the third time domain target radar signal density, which may be the same as or different from the first time domain target radar signal density or the second time domain target radar signal density.

[0057] In some aspects, a first wireless communication device includes: a memory; at least one transceiver; and at least one processor communicatively coupled to the memory and the at least one transceiver, the at least one processor being configured to: receive from a radar controller at least one transmission configuration for a target radar signal from the first wireless communication device to a second wireless communication device, the target radar signal being used to sense at least one target, the at least one transmission configuration configuring a first time-domain portion associated with a first time-domain target radar signal density and a second time-domain portion associated with a second time-domain target radar signal density different from the first time-domain target radar signal density; and transmit the target radar signal to the second wireless communication device according to the at least one transmission configuration.

[0058] In some respects, the first wireless communication device corresponds to a base station, a transmitting / receiving point, a relay, or a user equipment (UE).

[0059] In some respects, the second wireless communication device corresponds to a base station, a transmitting / receiving point, a relay, or a user equipment (UE).

[0060] In some aspects, the at least one transmission configuration includes a single transmission configuration that configures both the first time domain portion and the second time domain portion.

[0061] In some aspects, the at least one transmission configuration includes a first transmission configuration configuring the first time domain portion, and the at least one transmission configuration includes a second transmission configuration configuring the second time domain portion.

[0062] In some respects, the first transmission configuration and the second transmission configuration are received at different times.

[0063] In some respects, the first time domain portion and the second time domain portion are adjacent to each other without any intermediate time gap.

[0064] In some respects, the time domain gap is arranged between the first time domain portion and the second time domain portion.

[0065] In some respects, the first time domain portion and the second time domain portion are associated with the timing of the same target radar signal used to sense the at least one target.

[0066] In some respects, the first time domain portion and the second time domain portion have the same duration.

[0067] In some respects, the first time domain portion and the second time domain portion have different durations.

[0068] In some respects, the at least one transport configuration also configures a third time domain portion.

[0069] In some respects, the third time domain portion is associated with the third time domain target radar signal density, which may be the same as or different from the first time domain target radar signal density or the second time domain target radar signal density.

[0070] In some aspects, a second wireless communication device includes: a memory; at least one transceiver; and at least one processor communicatively coupled to the memory and the at least one transceiver, the at least one processor being configured to: receive from a radar controller at least one transmission configuration for a target radar signal from a first wireless communication device to the second wireless communication device, the target radar signal being used to sense at least one target, the at least one transmission configuration configuring a first time-domain portion associated with a first time-domain target radar signal density and a second time-domain target radar signal density different from the first time-domain target radar signal density; and receive the target radar signal from the first wireless communication device according to the at least one transmission configuration.

[0071] In some respects, the first wireless communication device corresponds to a base station, a transmitting / receiving point, a relay, or a user equipment (UE).

[0072] In some respects, the second wireless communication device corresponds to a base station, a transmitting / receiving point, a relay, or a user equipment (UE).

[0073] In some aspects, the at least one transmission configuration includes a single transmission configuration that configures both the first time domain portion and the second time domain portion.

[0074] In some aspects, the at least one transmission configuration includes a first transmission configuration configuring the first time domain portion, and the at least one transmission configuration includes a second transmission configuration configuring the second time domain portion.

[0075] In some respects, the first transmission configuration and the second transmission configuration are received at different times.

[0076] In some respects, the first time domain portion and the second time domain portion are adjacent to each other without any intermediate time gap.

[0077] In some respects, the time domain gap is arranged between the first time domain portion and the second time domain portion.

[0078] In some respects, the first time domain portion and the second time domain portion are associated with the timing of the same target radar signal used to sense the at least one target.

[0079] In some respects, the first time domain portion and the second time domain portion have the same duration.

[0080] In some respects, the first time domain portion and the second time domain portion have different durations.

[0081] In some respects, the at least one transport configuration also configures a third time domain portion.

[0082] In some respects, the third time domain portion is associated with the third time domain target radar signal density, which may be the same as or different from the first time domain target radar signal density or the second time domain target radar signal density.

[0083] In some aspects, a radar controller includes: components for determining at least one transmission configuration for a target radar signal from a first wireless communication device to a second wireless communication device, the target radar signal being used to sense at least one target, the at least one transmission configuration configuring a first time-domain portion associated with a first time-domain target radar signal density and a second time-domain portion associated with a second time-domain target radar signal density different from the first time-domain target radar signal density; and components for transmitting the at least one transmission configuration to the first wireless communication device and the second wireless communication device.

[0084] In some respects, the first wireless communication device corresponds to a base station, a transmitting / receiving point, a relay, or a user equipment (UE).

[0085] In some respects, the second wireless communication device corresponds to a base station, a transmitting / receiving point, a relay, or a user equipment (UE).

[0086] In some aspects, the at least one transmission configuration includes a single transmission configuration that configures both the first time domain portion and the second time domain portion.

[0087] In some aspects, the at least one transmission configuration includes a first transmission configuration configuring the first time domain portion, and the at least one transmission configuration includes a second transmission configuration configuring the second time domain portion.

[0088] In some respects, the first transmission configuration and the second transmission configuration are sent at different times.

[0089] In some respects, the first time domain portion and the second time domain portion are adjacent to each other without any intermediate time gap.

[0090] In some respects, the time domain gap is arranged between the first time domain portion and the second time domain portion.

[0091] In some respects, the first time domain portion and the second time domain portion are associated with the timing of the same target radar signal used to sense the at least one target.

[0092] In some respects, the first time domain portion and the second time domain portion have the same duration.

[0093] In some respects, the first time domain portion and the second time domain portion have different durations.

[0094] In some respects, the at least one transport configuration also configures a third time domain portion.

[0095] In some respects, the third time domain portion is associated with the third time domain target radar signal density, which may be the same as or different from the first time domain target radar signal density or the second time domain target radar signal density.

[0096] In some aspects, a first wireless communication device includes: components for receiving from a radar controller at least one transmission configuration for a target radar signal from the first wireless communication device to a second wireless communication device, the target radar signal being used to sense at least one target, the at least one transmission configuration configuring a first time-domain portion associated with a first time-domain target radar signal density and a second time-domain portion associated with a second time-domain target radar signal density different from the first time-domain target radar signal density; and components for transmitting the target radar signal to the second wireless communication device according to the at least one transmission configuration.

[0097] In some respects, the first wireless communication device corresponds to a base station, a transmitting / receiving point, a relay, or a user equipment (UE).

[0098] In some respects, the second wireless communication device corresponds to a base station, a transmitting / receiving point, a relay, or a user equipment (UE).

[0099] In some aspects, the at least one transmission configuration includes a single transmission configuration that configures both the first time domain portion and the second time domain portion.

[0100] In some aspects, the at least one transmission configuration includes a first transmission configuration configuring the first time domain portion, and the at least one transmission configuration includes a second transmission configuration configuring the second time domain portion.

[0101] In some respects, the first transmission configuration and the second transmission configuration are received at different times.

[0102] In some respects, the first time domain portion and the second time domain portion are adjacent to each other without any intermediate time gap.

[0103] In some respects, the time domain gap is arranged between the first time domain portion and the second time domain portion.

[0104] In some respects, the first time domain portion and the second time domain portion are associated with the timing of the same target radar signal used to sense the at least one target.

[0105] In some respects, the first time domain portion and the second time domain portion have the same duration.

[0106] In some respects, the first time domain portion and the second time domain portion have different durations.

[0107] In some respects, the at least one transport configuration also configures a third time domain portion.

[0108] In some respects, the third time domain portion is associated with the third time domain target radar signal density, which may be the same as or different from the first time domain target radar signal density or the second time domain target radar signal density.

[0109] In some aspects, a second wireless communication device includes: components for receiving from a radar controller at least one transmission configuration for a target radar signal from a first wireless communication device to the second wireless communication device, the target radar signal being used to sense at least one target, the at least one transmission configuration configuring a first time-domain portion associated with a first time-domain target radar signal density and a second time-domain portion associated with a second time-domain target radar signal density different from the first time-domain target radar signal density; and components for receiving the target radar signal from the first wireless communication device according to the at least one transmission configuration.

[0110] In some respects, the first wireless communication device corresponds to a base station, a transmitting / receiving point, a relay, or a user equipment (UE).

[0111] In some respects, the second wireless communication device corresponds to a base station, a transmitting / receiving point, a relay, or a user equipment (UE).

[0112] In some aspects, the at least one transmission configuration includes a single transmission configuration that configures both the first time domain portion and the second time domain portion.

[0113] In some aspects, the at least one transmission configuration includes a first transmission configuration configuring the first time domain portion, and the at least one transmission configuration includes a second transmission configuration configuring the second time domain portion.

[0114] In some respects, the first transmission configuration and the second transmission configuration are received at different times.

[0115] In some respects, the first time domain portion and the second time domain portion are adjacent to each other without any intermediate time gap.

[0116] In some respects, the time domain gap is arranged between the first time domain portion and the second time domain portion.

[0117] In some respects, the first time domain portion and the second time domain portion are associated with the timing of the same target radar signal used to sense the at least one target.

[0118] In some respects, the first time domain portion and the second time domain portion have the same duration.

[0119] In some respects, the first time domain portion and the second time domain portion have different durations.

[0120] In some respects, the at least one transport configuration also configures a third time domain portion.

[0121] In some respects, the third time domain portion is associated with the third time domain target radar signal density, which may be the same as or different from the first time domain target radar signal density or the second time domain target radar signal density.

[0122] In some aspects, a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing a set of instructions comprising one or more instructions that, when executed by one or more processors of a radar controller, cause the radar controller to: determine at least one transmission configuration for a target radar signal from a first wireless communication device to a second wireless communication device, the target radar signal being used to sense at least one target, the at least one transmission configuration configuring a first time-domain portion associated with a first time-domain target radar signal density and a second time-domain portion associated with a second time-domain target radar signal density different from the first time-domain target radar signal density; and transmit the at least one transmission configuration to the first wireless communication device and the second wireless communication device.

[0123] In some respects, the first wireless communication device corresponds to a base station, a transmitting / receiving point, a relay, or a user equipment (UE).

[0124] In some respects, the second wireless communication device corresponds to a base station, a transmitting / receiving point, a relay, or a user equipment (UE).

[0125] In some aspects, the at least one transmission configuration includes a single transmission configuration that configures both the first time domain portion and the second time domain portion.

[0126] In some aspects, the at least one transmission configuration includes a first transmission configuration configuring the first time domain portion, and the at least one transmission configuration includes a second transmission configuration configuring the second time domain portion.

[0127] In some respects, the first transmission configuration and the second transmission configuration are sent at different times.

[0128] In some respects, the first time domain portion and the second time domain portion are adjacent to each other without any intermediate time gap.

[0129] In some respects, the time domain gap is arranged between the first time domain portion and the second time domain portion.

[0130] In some respects, the first time domain portion and the second time domain portion are associated with the timing of the same target radar signal used to sense the at least one target.

[0131] In some respects, the first time domain portion and the second time domain portion have the same duration.

[0132] In some respects, the first time domain portion and the second time domain portion have different durations.

[0133] In some respects, the at least one transport configuration also configures a third time domain portion.

[0134] In some respects, the third time domain portion is associated with the third time domain target radar signal density, which may be the same as or different from the first time domain target radar signal density or the second time domain target radar signal density.

[0135] In some aspects, a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing a set of instructions comprising one or more instructions that, when executed by one or more processors of a first wireless communication device, cause the first wireless communication device to: receive from a radar controller at least one transmission configuration for a target radar signal from the first wireless communication device to a second wireless communication device, the target radar signal being used to sense at least one target, the at least one transmission configuration configuring a first time-domain portion associated with a first time-domain target radar signal density and a second time-domain portion associated with a second time-domain target radar signal density different from the first time-domain target radar signal density; and transmit the target radar signal to the second wireless communication device according to the at least one transmission configuration.

[0136] In some respects, the first wireless communication device corresponds to a base station, a transmitting / receiving point, a relay, or a user equipment (UE).

[0137] In some respects, the second wireless communication device corresponds to a base station, a transmitting / receiving point, a relay, or a user equipment (UE).

[0138] In some aspects, the at least one transmission configuration includes a single transmission configuration that configures both the first time domain portion and the second time domain portion.

[0139] In some aspects, the at least one transmission configuration includes a first transmission configuration configuring the first time domain portion, and the at least one transmission configuration includes a second transmission configuration configuring the second time domain portion.

[0140] In some respects, the first transmission configuration and the second transmission configuration are received at different times.

[0141] In some respects, the first time domain portion and the second time domain portion are adjacent to each other without any intermediate time gap.

[0142] In some respects, the time domain gap is arranged between the first time domain portion and the second time domain portion.

[0143] In some respects, the first time domain portion and the second time domain portion are associated with the timing of the same target radar signal used to sense the at least one target.

[0144] In some respects, the first time domain portion and the second time domain portion have the same duration.

[0145] In some respects, the first time domain portion and the second time domain portion have different durations.

[0146] In some respects, the at least one transport configuration also configures a third time domain portion.

[0147] In some respects, the third time domain portion is associated with the third time domain target radar signal density, which may be the same as or different from the first time domain target radar signal density or the second time domain target radar signal density.

[0148] In some aspects, a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing a set of instructions comprising one or more instructions that, when executed by one or more processors of a second wireless communication device, cause the second wireless communication device to: receive from a radar controller at least one transmission configuration for a target radar signal from a first wireless communication device to the second wireless communication device, the target radar signal being used to sense at least one target, the at least one transmission configuration configuring a first time-domain portion associated with a first time-domain target radar signal density and a second time-domain portion associated with a second time-domain target radar signal density different from the first time-domain target radar signal density; and receive the target radar signal from the first wireless communication device according to the at least one transmission configuration.

[0149] In some respects, the first wireless communication device corresponds to a base station, a transmitting / receiving point, a relay, or a user equipment (UE).

[0150] In some respects, the second wireless communication device corresponds to a base station, a transmitting / receiving point, a relay, or a user equipment (UE).

[0151] In some aspects, the at least one transmission configuration includes a single transmission configuration that configures both the first time domain portion and the second time domain portion.

[0152] In some aspects, the at least one transmission configuration includes a first transmission configuration configuring the first time domain portion, and the at least one transmission configuration includes a second transmission configuration configuring the second time domain portion.

[0153] In some respects, the first transmission configuration and the second transmission configuration are received at different times.

[0154] In some respects, the first time domain portion and the second time domain portion are adjacent to each other without any intermediate time gap.

[0155] In some respects, the time domain gap is arranged between the first time domain portion and the second time domain portion.

[0156] In some respects, the first time domain portion and the second time domain portion are associated with the timing of the same target radar signal used to sense the at least one target.

[0157] In some respects, the first time domain portion and the second time domain portion have the same duration.

[0158] In some respects, the first time domain portion and the second time domain portion have different durations.

[0159] In some respects, the at least one transport configuration also configures a third time domain portion.

[0160] In some respects, the third time domain portion is associated with the third time domain target radar signal density, which may be the same as or different from the first time domain target radar signal density or the second time domain target radar signal density.

[0161] The following is a simplified overview relating to one or more aspects disclosed herein. Therefore, this overview should not be considered a broad overview covering all anticipated aspects, nor should it be considered an identification of key or essential elements involving all anticipated aspects or a depiction of the scope associated with any particular aspect. Thus, the sole purpose of this overview is to present, in a simplified form, certain concepts related to one or more aspects involving the mechanisms disclosed herein before the detailed descriptions that follow.

[0162] Based on the accompanying drawings and detailed description, other objects and advantages associated with the aspects disclosed herein will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Attached Figure Description

[0163] Examples of illustrations are provided to help describe one or more aspects of the disclosed subject matter, and the illustrations are provided for illustrative purposes only and not for limitation:

[0164] Figure 1 An example wireless communication system according to various aspects of this disclosure is illustrated.

[0165] Figure 2A and Figure 2B An example wireless network architecture according to various aspects of this disclosure is illustrated.

[0166] Figures 3A to 3C This is a simplified block diagram of several example aspects of components that can be adopted in wireless communication nodes and configured to support communications as taught in this article.

[0167] Figure 4A and Figure 4B This is a diagram illustrating examples of frame structures and channels within a frame structure according to various aspects of this disclosure.

[0168] Figure 5A The illustration shows an example of a monostatic radar system.

[0169] Figure 5B The illustration shows an example bistatic radar system.

[0170] Figure 5C This is an example graph showing how the radio frequency (RF) channel response changes over time.

[0171] Figure 6 The illustration shows an example single-target beam management use case for dual-station RF sensing.

[0172] Figure 7 The illustration shows an example multi-target beam management use case for dual-station RF sensing.

[0173] Figure 8A The illustration shows an example scan phase with dual-station RF sensing.

[0174] Figure 8B An example tracking phase with dual-station RF sensing is shown.

[0175] Figure 9 This is a simplified diagram illustrating the basic operation of a bistatic radar system.

[0176] Figure 10 An embodiment of a bistatic radar system in a wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is illustrated.

[0177] Figure 11 This is a block diagram of a wireless communication system that may include a radar controller, according to embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0178] Figure 12 An example of a list of radar configuration parameters provided by a radar controller to a TX base station and an RX base station for a dual-station or multi-station radar measurement session is shown according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0179] Figure 13 An example of a list of TX / RX timing sub-sequences according to an embodiment of this disclosure is shown.

[0180] Figure 14 An example of a Doppler sublist is shown according to an embodiment of this disclosure.

[0181] Figure 15 The illustration shows a cellular reference signal resource configuration for Doppler estimation according to one aspect of this disclosure.

[0182] Figure 16 The illustration depicts an interference scenario in a wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0183] Figure 17 An interference scenario in a wireless communication system according to another embodiment of the present disclosure is illustrated.

[0184] Figures 18A-18H The diagram illustrates the DL-PRS resource configuration according to various aspects of this disclosure.

[0185] Figure 19 The illustration shows the distribution of PRS resources according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0186] Figure 20 The illustration shows a PRS resource distribution according to another embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0187] Figure 21 An exemplary process of communication according to various aspects of this disclosure is illustrated.

[0188] Figure 22 An exemplary process of wireless communication according to various aspects of this disclosure is illustrated.

[0189] Figure 23 An exemplary process of wireless communication according to various aspects of this disclosure is illustrated.

[0190] Figure 24 The illustration shows a transmission configuration for target radar signal timing according to one aspect of the present disclosure, the target radar signal timing being configured with a time domain portion having a different time domain target radar signal density.

[0191] Figure 25 The illustration shows a transmission configuration for target radar signal timing according to another aspect of the present disclosure, the target radar signal timing being configured with a time domain portion having a different time domain target radar signal density.

[0192] Figure 26 The illustration shows a transmission configuration for target radar signal timing according to another aspect of the present disclosure, the target radar signal timing being configured with a time domain portion having a different time domain target radar signal density.

[0193] Figure 27 The illustration shows a transmission configuration for target radar signal timing according to another aspect of the present disclosure, the target radar signal timing being configured with a time domain portion having a different time domain target radar signal density.

[0194] Figure 28 The illustration shows a transmission configuration for target radar signal timing according to another aspect of the present disclosure, the target radar signal timing being configured with a time domain portion having a different time domain target radar signal density. Detailed Implementation

[0195] Various aspects of this disclosure are provided below in the description of various examples provided for illustrative purposes and in the accompanying drawings. Alternative aspects may be contemplated without departing from the scope of this disclosure. Furthermore, well-known elements of this disclosure will not be described in detail or will be omitted to avoid obscuring the relevant details of this disclosure.

[0196] The terms “exemplary” and / or “example” are used herein to mean “serving as an example, instance, or illustration.” Any aspect described herein as “exemplary” and / or “example” is not necessarily to be construed as preferred or advantageous over other aspects. Similarly, the term “aspects of this disclosure” does not require that all aspects of this disclosure include the features, benefits, or modes of operation discussed.

[0197] Those skilled in the art will understand that the information and signals described below can be represented using any of a variety of different techniques and skills. For example, depending partly on the specific application, partly on the desired design, and partly on the corresponding technology, the data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, and chips referenced throughout this specification can be represented by voltage, current, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or magnetic particles, optical fields or optical particles, or any combination thereof.

[0198] Furthermore, many aspects are described based on sequences of actions performed by elements of, for example, computing devices. It will be appreciated that the various actions described herein can be performed by specific circuitry (e.g., an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC)), program instructions executed by one or more processors, or a combination of both. Additionally, the sequences of actions described herein can be considered fully embodied in any form of non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing a corresponding set of computer instructions that, when executed, cause or instruct an associated processor of the device to perform the functions described herein. Therefore, various aspects of this disclosure can be implemented in a variety of different forms, all of which are considered to be within the scope of the claimed subject matter. Furthermore, for each aspect described herein, a corresponding form of any such aspect may be described herein as, for example, "logically configured" to perform the described actions.

[0199] As used herein, unless otherwise indicated, the terms “User Equipment” (UE) and “Base Station” (BS) are not intended to be specific or otherwise limited to any particular Radio Access Technology (RAT). Generally, a UE can be any wireless communication device used by a user to communicate over a wireless communication network (e.g., mobile phone, router, tablet computer, laptop computer, tracking device, wearable device (e.g., smartwatch, glasses, augmented reality (AR) / virtual reality (VR) headset, etc.), vehicle (e.g., car, motorcycle, bicycle, etc.), Internet of Things (IoT) device, etc.). A UE can be mobile or can (e.g., at certain times) be stationary and can communicate with a Radio Access Network (RAN). As used herein, the term “UE” can be used interchangeably as “Access Terminal” or “AT,” “Client Equipment,” “Wireless Equipment,” “Subscriber Equipment,” “Subscriber Terminal,” “Subscriber Station,” “User Terminal” or “UT,” “Mobile Equipment,” “Mobile Terminal,” “Mobile Station,” or variations thereof. Generally, a UE can communicate with a core network via the RAN, and through the core network, a UE can connect to external networks such as the Internet and to other UEs. Of course, other mechanisms for connecting the UE to the core network and / or the Internet are also possible, such as through wired access networks, wireless local area network (WLAN) networks (e.g., based on IEEE 802.11, etc.).

[0200] A base station can operate according to one of several RATs communicating with the UE, depending on the network in which it is deployed, and can be alternatively referred to as an Access Point (AP), Network Node, Node B, Evolved Node B (eNB), Next Generation eNB (ng-eNB), New Radio (NR) Node B (also referred to as gNB or gNodeB), etc. The base station can primarily be used to support the UE's radio access, including supporting data, voice, and / or signaling connections for the supported UE. In some systems, the base station may only provide edge node signaling functions, while in others it may provide additional control and / or network management functions. The communication link through which the UE signals to the base station is referred to as an uplink (UL) channel (e.g., reverse traffic channel, reverse control channel, access channel, etc.). The communication link through which the base station signals to the UE is referred to as a downlink (DL) or forward link channel (e.g., paging channel, control channel, broadcast channel, forward traffic channel, etc.). As used herein, the term Traffic Channel (TCH) can refer to an uplink / reverse traffic channel or a downlink / forward traffic channel.

[0201] The term "base station" can refer to a single physical transmit-receive point (TRP) or multiple physical TRPs that may or may not be co-located. For example, when the term "base station" refers to a single physical TRP, the physical TRP can be the antenna of a base station corresponding to a cell (or several cell sectors) of the base station. When the term "base station" refers to multiple co-located physical TRPs, the physical TRP can be the antenna array of the base station (e.g., as in a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system or where the base station employs beamforming). When the term "base station" refers to multiple non-co-located physical TRPs, the physical TRP can be a distributed antenna system (DAS) (a network of spatially separated antennas connected to a common source via a transmission medium) or a remote radio headend (RRH) (a remote base station connected to a serving base station). Alternatively, non-co-located physical TRPs can be the serving base station receiving measurement reports from the UE and neighboring base stations where the UE is measuring its reference RF signal (or simply "reference signal"). Because the TRP is the point from which a base station transmits and receives radio signals, as used herein, references to transmission from or reception at a base station should be understood to refer to the specific TRP of that base station.

[0202] In some implementations that support UE positioning, the base station may not support the UE's radio access (e.g., it may not support data, voice, and / or signaling connections for the UE), but may instead transmit reference signals to the UE for measurement by the UE, and / or receive and measure signals transmitted by the UE. Such a base station may be referred to as a positioning beacon (e.g., when transmitting signals to the UE) and / or a location measurement unit (e.g., when receiving and measuring signals from the UE).

[0203] An “RF signal” comprises electromagnetic waves of a given frequency that transmit information across the space between a transmitter and a receiver. As used herein, a transmitter may send a single “RF signal” or multiple “RF signals” to a receiver. However, due to the propagation characteristics of RF signals through multipath channels, a receiver may receive multiple “RF signals” corresponding to each transmitted RF signal. The same transmitted RF signal on different paths between the transmitter and receiver can be referred to as a “multipath” RF signal. As used herein, an RF signal may also be referred to as a “wireless signal” or simply a “signal,” where the term “signal” clearly refers to a wireless signal or an RF signal from the context.

[0204] refer to Figure 1An example wireless communication system 100 is illustrated. The wireless communication system 100 (which may also be referred to as a wireless wide area network (WWAN)) may include various base stations 102 and various UEs 104. Base stations 102 may include macro cells (high-power cellular base stations) and / or small cell base stations (low-power cellular base stations). In one aspect, macro cell base stations may include eNBs and / or ng-eNBs where the wireless communication system 100 corresponds to an LTE network, or gNBs where the wireless communication system 100 corresponds to an NR network, or a combination of both, and small cell base stations may include femtocells, picocells, microcells, etc.

[0205] Base stations 102 can collectively form a RAN and interface with a core network 170 (e.g., an evolved packet core (EPC) or a 5G core (5GC)) via backhaul link 122, and connect to one or more location servers 172 (which may be part of or outside the core network 170) via the core network 170. Among other functions, base stations 102 can perform one or more of the following: transmitting user data, radio channel encryption and decryption, integrity protection, header compression, mobility control functions (e.g., handover, dual connectivity), inter-cell interference coordination, connection establishment and release, load balancing, distribution of non-access stratum (NAS) messages, NAS node selection, synchronization, RAN sharing, multimedia broadcast multicast service (MBMS), subscriber and device tracking, RAN information management (RIM), paging, location, and warning message delivery. Base stations 102 can communicate with each other directly or indirectly (e.g., via EPC / 5GC) via backhaul link 134, which can be wired or wireless.

[0206] Base station 102 can wirelessly communicate with UE 104. Each base station 102 can provide communication coverage for its respective geographic coverage area 110. In one aspect, base station 102 in each geographic coverage area 110 can support one or more cells. A “cell” is a logical communication entity used to communicate with a base station (e.g., over a frequency resource, referred to as a carrier frequency, component carrier, carrier, frequency band, etc.) and can be associated with an identifier used to distinguish cells operating via the same or different carrier frequencies (e.g., Physical Cell Identifier (PCI), Virtual Cell Identifier (VCI), Cell Global Identifier (CGI)). In some cases, different cells can be configured according to different protocol types that can provide access for different types of UEs (e.g., Machine Type Communication (MTC), Narrowband IoT (NB-IoT), Enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB), or others). Because a cell is supported by a specific base station, the term “cell” can refer to either or both of the logical communication entity and the base station that supports it, depending on the context. Furthermore, because the TRP is typically the physical transmission point of a cell, the terms “cell” and “TRP” are used interchangeably. In some cases, the term "cell" can also refer to the geographic coverage area of ​​a base station (e.g., a sector), provided that the carrier frequency can be detected and used for communication within certain parts of the geographic coverage area 110.

[0207] While the geographic coverage areas 110 of adjacent macro cell base stations 102 may partially overlap (e.g., in handover areas), some geographic coverage areas 110 may substantially overlap with larger geographic coverage areas 110. For example, a small cell base station 102' may have a geographic coverage area 110' that substantially overlaps with the geographic coverage areas 110 of one or more macro cell base stations 102. A network that includes both small cell and macro cell base stations can be referred to as a heterogeneous network. A heterogeneous network may also include home eNBs (HeNBs) that can provide service to restricted groups referred to as closed subscriber groups (CSGs).

[0208] The communication link 120 between base station 102 and UE 104 may include uplink (also known as reverse link) transmission from UE 104 to base station 102 and / or downlink (also known as forward link) transmission from base station 102 to UE 104. The communication link 120 may use MIMO antenna techniques, including spatial multiplexing, beamforming, and / or transmit diversity. The communication link 120 may use one or more carrier frequencies. Carrier allocation may be asymmetric relative to the downlink and uplink (e.g., more or fewer carriers may be allocated to the downlink than to the uplink).

[0209] The wireless communication system 100 may also include a wireless local area network (WLAN) access point (AP) 150, which communicates with a WLAN station (STA) 152 via a communication link 154 in an unlicensed frequency spectrum (e.g., 5 GHz). When communicating in the unlicensed frequency spectrum, the WLAN STA 152 and / or WLAN AP 150 may perform a free channel assessment (CCA) or listen-before-talk (LBT) process before communication to determine whether the channel is available.

[0210] Small cell base station 102' can operate in licensed and / or unlicensed spectrum. When operating in unlicensed frequency spectrum, small cell base station 102' can employ LTE or NR technology and use the same 5GHz unlicensed frequency spectrum as WLAN AP 150. Small cell base station 102' employing LTE / 5G in unlicensed frequency spectrum can enhance access network coverage and / or increase access network capacity. NR in unlicensed spectrum can be referred to as NR-U. LTE in unlicensed spectrum can be referred to as LTE-U, Licensed Assisted Access (LAA), or MulteFire.

[0211] The wireless communication system 100 may also include a millimeter-wave (mmW) base station 180, which can operate at mmW and / or near-mmW frequencies when communicating with the UE 182. Extremely high frequency (EHF) is a portion of the radio frequency (RF) band in the electromagnetic spectrum. EHF has a range from 30 GHz to 300 GHz and wavelengths between 1 mm and 10 mm. Radio waves in this band can be referred to as millimeter waves. Near-mmW can extend down to frequencies of 3 GHz and wavelengths of 100 mm. Ultra-high frequency (SHF) bands extend between 3 GHz and 30 GHz and are also known as centimeter waves. Communication using mmW / near-mmW radio bands has high path loss and relatively short range. The mmW base station 180 and the UE 182 can utilize beamforming (transmit and / or receive) on the mmW communication link 184 to compensate for the extremely high path loss and short range. Furthermore, it should be understood that, in alternative configurations, one or more base stations 102 may also transmit using mmW or near-mmW and beamforming. Therefore, it should be understood that the foregoing illustrations are merely examples and should not be construed as limiting the various aspects disclosed herein.

[0212] Transmit beamforming is a technique for focusing RF signals in a specific direction. Traditionally, when a network node (e.g., a base station) broadcasts an RF signal, it broadcasts the signal in all directions (omnidirectional). Using transmit beamforming, the network node determines the location of a given target device (e.g., a UE) (relative to the transmitting network node) and projects a stronger downlink RF signal in that specific direction, thus providing the receiving device with a faster (in terms of data rate) and stronger RF signal. To change the direction of the RF signal during transmission, the network node can control the phase and relative amplitude of the RF signal at each of one or more transmitters broadcasting the RF signal. For example, the network node can use an antenna array (called a "phased array" or "antenna array") that creates an RF beam that can be "manipulated" to point in different directions without actually moving the antennas. Specifically, RF currents from the transmitters are fed to the individual antennas with the correct phase relationship, such that radio waves from the individual antennas are added together to increase radiation in the desired direction while canceling out radiation in unwanted directions.

[0213] Transmit beams can be quasi-collocated, meaning they appear to have the same parameters to the receiver (e.g., UE), regardless of whether the network node's own transmit antennas are physically co-located. In NR, there are four types of quasi-collocated (QCL) relationships. Specifically, a given type of QCL relationship means that certain parameters about the second reference RF signal on the second beam can be derived from information about the source reference RF signal on the source beam. Therefore, if the source reference RF signal is QCL type A, the receiver can use the source reference RF signal to estimate the Doppler shift, Doppler spread, average delay, and delay spread of the second reference RF signal transmitted on the same channel. If the source reference RF signal is QCL type B, the receiver can use the source reference RF signal to estimate the Doppler offset and Doppler spread of the second reference RF signal transmitted on the same channel. If the source reference RF signal is QCL type C, the receiver can use the source reference RF signal to estimate the Doppler shift and average delay of the second reference RF signal transmitted on the same channel. If the source reference RF signal is of type QCL D, the receiver can use the source reference RF signal to estimate the spatial reception parameters of a second reference RF signal transmitted on the same channel.

[0214] In receive beamforming, a receiver uses a receive beam to amplify the RF signal detected on a given channel. For example, the receiver may increase the gain setting and / or adjust the phase setting of the antenna array in a specific direction to amplify the RF signal received from that direction (e.g., to increase the gain level of that RF signal). Therefore, when it is said that a receiver beamforms in a certain direction, it means that the beam gain in that direction is high relative to the beam gain along other directions, or that the beam gain in that direction is the highest relative to all other receive beams available to the receiver in that direction. This results in a stronger received signal strength (e.g., reference signal received power (RSRP), reference signal received quality (RSRQ), signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR), etc.) of the RF signal received from that direction.

[0215] The receive beam can be spatially dependent. Spatially dependent means that the parameters of the transmit beam used for the second reference signal can be derived from information about the receive beam used for the first reference signal. For example, the UE can use a specific receive beam to receive one or more reference downlink reference signals (e.g., Position Reference Signal (PRS), Tracking Reference Signal (TRS), Phase Tracking Reference Signal (PTRS), Cell Specific Reference Signal (CRS), Channel State Information Reference Signal (CSI-RS), Primary Synchronization Signal (PSS), Secondary Synchronization Signal (SSS), Synchronization Signal Block (SSB), etc.) from the base station. The UE can then form a transmit beam based on the parameters of the receive beam to transmit one or more uplink reference signals (e.g., Uplink Position Reference Signal (UL-PRS), Sounding Reference Signal (SRS), Demodulation Reference Signal (DMRS), PTRS, etc.) to the base station.

[0216] Note that a "downlink" beam can be either a transmit or receive beam, depending on the entity forming it. For example, if a base station is forming a downlink beam to transmit a reference signal to a UE, then the downlink beam is a transmit beam. However, if a UE is forming a downlink beam to receive the downlink reference signal, then it is a receive beam. Similarly, an "uplink" beam can be either a transmit or receive beam, depending on the entity forming it. For example, if a base station is forming an uplink beam, then it is an uplink receive beam, while if a UE is forming an uplink beam, then it is an uplink transmit beam.

[0217] In 5G, the frequency spectrum operated by radio nodes (e.g., base stations 102 / 180, UE 104 / 182) is divided into multiple frequency bands: FR1 (from 450 to 6000 MHz), FR2 (from 24250 to 52600 MHz), FR3 (above 52600 MHz), and FR4 (between FR1 and FR2). In multi-carrier systems such as 5G, one of the carrier frequencies is called the "primary carrier," "anchor carrier," "primary serving cell," or "PCell (primary cell)," while the remaining carrier frequencies are called "secondary carriers," "secondary serving cells," or "SCell (secondary cell)." In carrier aggregation, the anchor carrier is the carrier operating on the primary frequency (e.g., FR1) and cell used by UE 104 / 182, in which UE 104 / 182 performs the initial radio resource control (RRC) connection establishment procedure or initiates the RRC connection re-establishment procedure. The primary carrier carries all common and UE-specific control channels and can be a carrier in a licensed frequency (however, not always). The secondary carrier is a carrier operating on a second frequency (e.g., FR2), which can be configured once an RRC connection is established between UE 104 and the anchor carrier, and can be used to provide additional radio resources. In some cases, the secondary carrier can be a carrier in an unlicensed frequency. The secondary carrier may contain only the necessary signaling information and signals; for example, UE-specific signals may not be present in the secondary carrier because the primary uplink and downlink carriers are typically UE-specific. This means that different UEs 104 / 182 within a cell can have different downlink primary carriers. The same applies to uplink primary carriers. The network can change the primary carrier of any UE 104 / 182 at any time. This is done, for example, to balance the load on different carriers. Because a “serving cell” (whether PCell or SCell) corresponds to the carrier frequency / component carrier over which a base station is communicating, the terms “cell,” “serving cell,” “component carrier,” “carrier frequency,” etc., can be used interchangeably.

[0218] For example, still refer to Figure 1 One of the frequencies used by the macro cell base station 102 can be an anchor carrier (or "PCell"), while the other frequencies used by the macro cell base station 102 and / or the mmW base station 180 can be secondary carriers ("SCell"). Simultaneous transmission and / or reception on multiple carriers allows the UE 104 / 182 to significantly increase its data transmission and / or reception rates. For example, compared to the rate achieved by a single 20MHz carrier, two aggregated 20MHz carriers in a multi-carrier system would theoretically result in a doubling of the data rate (i.e., 40MHz).

[0219] The wireless communication system 100 may also include a UE 164, which communicates with the macro cell base station 102 via communication link 120 and / or with the mmW base station 180 via mmW communication link 184. For example, the macro cell base station 102 may support PCells and one or more SCells for the UE 164, and the mmW base station 180 may support one or more SCells for the UE 164.

[0220] The wireless communication system 100 may also include one or more UEs (such as UE 190) that are indirectly connected to one or more communication networks via one or more device-to-device (D2D) peer-to-peer (P2P) links (referred to as "side links"). Figure 1 In the example, UE 190 has a D2D P2P link 192 with one of UEs 104 connected to one of base stations 102 (e.g., through which UE 190 can indirectly obtain cellular connectivity), and a D2DP2P link 194 with a WLAN STA 152 connected to a WLAN AP 150 (through which UE 190 can indirectly obtain WLAN-based internet connectivity). In one example, D2DP2P links 192 and 194 can be supported using any known D2D RAT, such as LTE Direct (LTE-D) or WiFi Direct (WiFi-D). wait.

[0221] refer to Figure 2A An example wireless network architecture 200 is illustrated. For example, the 5GC 210 (also referred to as the Next Generation Core (NGC)) can be functionally considered to operate collaboratively to form the core network's control plane functions 214 (e.g., UE registration, authentication, network access, gateway selection, etc.) and user plane functions 212 (e.g., UE gateway functions, access to data networks, IP routing, etc.). The user plane interface (NG-U) 213 and the control plane interface (NG-C) 215 connect the gNB 222 to the 5GC 210, and specifically to the control plane functions 214 and 212. In an additional configuration, the ng-eNB 224 can also be connected to the 5GC 210 via the NG-C 215 to the control plane function 214, and via the NG-U 213 to the user plane function 212. Furthermore, the ng-eNB 224 can communicate directly with the gNB 222 via a backhaul connection 223. In some configurations, the new RAN 220 may have only one or more gNB 222s, while other configurations include one or more of both ng-eNB 224 and gNB 222. Either gNB 222 or ng-eNB 224 can be used with UE 204 (e.g., Figure 1The UE 204 can communicate with any of the UEs described herein. Another optional aspect may include a location server 230, which can communicate with the 5GC 210 to provide location assistance to the UE 204. The location server 230 may be implemented as multiple separate servers (e.g., physically separate servers, different software modules on a single server, different software modules distributed across multiple physical servers, etc.), or alternatively, each may correspond to a single server. The location server 230 may be configured to support one or more location services for the UE 204, which may be connected to the location server 230 via the core network, the 5GC 210, and / or via the Internet (not shown). Furthermore, the location server 230 may be integrated into a component of the core network, or alternatively, may be located outside the core network.

[0222] refer to Figure 2B Another example wireless network architecture 250 is shown. For example, 5GC 260 can be functionally considered as a control plane function provided by Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) 264 and a user plane function provided by User Plane Function (UPF) 262, which cooperate to form the core network (i.e., 5GC 260). User plane interface 263 and control plane interface 265 connect ng-eNB 224 to 5GC 260, and specifically to UPF 262 and AMF 264, respectively. In an additional configuration, gNB 222 can also be connected to 5GC 260 via control plane interface 265 to AMF 264 and user plane interface 263 to UPF 262. Furthermore, ng-eNB 224 can communicate directly with gNB 222 via backhaul connection 223, with or without gNB direct connectivity to 5GC 260. In some configurations, the new RAN 220 may have only one or more gNB 222s, while other configurations include one or more of both ng-eNB 224 and gNB 222. The gNB 222 or ng-eNB 224 can be used with UE 204 (e.g., Figure 1 (As shown, any UE) communicates. The base station of the new RAN 220 communicates with AMF 264 via the N2 interface and with UPF 262 via the N3 interface.

[0223] The functions of AMF 264 include registration management, connection management, reachability management, mobility management, lawful interception, transmission of Session Management (SM) messages between UE 204 and Session Management Function (SMF) 266, transparent proxy service for routing SM messages, access authentication and access authorization, transmission of Short Message Service (SMS) messages between UE 204 and Short Message Service Function (SMSF) (not shown), and Security Anchoring Functionality (SEAF). AMF 264 also interacts with Authentication Server Function (AUSF) (not shown) and UE 204, and receives an intermediate key established as a result of the UE 204 authentication process. In the case of UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System) Subscriber Identity Module (USIM)-based authentication, AMF 264 retrieves security material from AUSSF. The functions of AMF 264 also include Security Context Management (SCM). SCM receives a key from SEAF, which is used to derive a network-specific key for access. The functionality of AMF 264 also includes location service management for regulatory services, transmission of location service messages between UE 204 and Location Management Function (LMF) 270 (which acts as location server 230), transmission of location service messages between new RAN 220 and LMF 270, EPS bearer identifier allocation for interoperability with Evolved Packet Systems (EPS), and UE 204 mobility event notification. Furthermore, AMF 264 also supports functionality for non-3GPP access networks.

[0224] The functions of UPF 262 include: acting as an anchor point for intra-RAT / inter-RAT mobility (when available), acting as an external Protocol Data Unit (PDU) session point for interconnection to a data network (not shown), providing packet routing and forwarding, packet inspection, user plane policy rule enforcement (e.g., gating, redirection, traffic redirection), legitimate eavesdropping (user plane collection), traffic usage reporting, user plane Quality of Service (QoS) processing (e.g., uplink / downlink rate enforcement, reflected QoS marking in the downlink), uplink traffic authentication (mapping of Service Data Flow (SDF) to QoS Flow), transport layer packet marking in the uplink and downlink, downlink packet buffering and downlink data notification triggering, and sending and forwarding one or more "end markers" to the source RAN node. UPF 262 can also support the delivery of location service messages on the user plane between UE 204 and a location server such as the Secure User Plane Location (SUPL) Location Platform (SLP) 272.

[0225] The functions of SMF 266 include session management, UE Internet Protocol (IP) address allocation and management, selection and control of user plane functions, service redirection configuration at UPF 262 to route services to appropriate destinations, control of policy enforcement and QoS, and downlink data notification. The interface through which SMF 266 communicates with AMF 264 is called the N11 interface.

[0226] Another optional aspect may include an LMF 270, which can communicate with the 5GC 260 to provide location assistance to the UE 204. The LMF 270 can be implemented as multiple separate servers (e.g., physically separate servers, different software modules on a single server, different software modules distributed across multiple physical servers, etc.), or alternatively, each may correspond to a single server. The LMF 270 can be configured to support one or more location services for the UE 204, which can connect to the LMF 270 via the core network, the 5GC 260, and / or via the Internet (not shown). The SLP 272 can support similar functionality to the LMF 270, but while the LMF 270 can communicate with the AMF 264, the new RAN 220, and the UE 204 on the control plane (e.g., using interfaces and protocols designed to transmit signaling messages rather than voice or data), the SLP 272 can communicate with the UE 204 and external clients on the user plane. Figure 2B (not shown) Communication (e.g., using protocols designed to carry voice and / or data, such as Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and / or IP).

[0227] In one respect, the LMF 270 and / or SLP 272 can be integrated into base stations such as gNB 222 and / or ng-eNB 224. When integrated into gNB 222 and / or ng-eNB 224, the LMF 270 and / or SLP 272 can be referred to as a “Location Management Component” or “LMC”. However, as used herein, references to LMF 270 and SLP 272 include cases where LMF 270 and SLP 272 are components of the core network (e.g., 5GC 260) and cases where LMF 270 and SLP 272 are components of the base station.

[0228] refer to Figure 3A , Figure 3B and Figure 3CThe diagram illustrates several example components (represented by corresponding blocks) that can be incorporated into UE 302 (which may correspond to any UE described herein), base station 304 (which may correspond to any base station described herein), and network entity 306 (which may correspond to or embody any network function described herein, including location server 230 and LMF 270) to support file transfer operations. It should be understood that these components can be implemented in different implementations in different types of devices (e.g., in an ASIC, in a system-on-a-chip (SoC), etc.). The illustrated components can also be incorporated into other devices in a communication system. For example, other devices in the system may include components similar to those described to provide similar functionality. Furthermore, a given device may include one or more of these components. For example, a device may include multiple transceiver components that enable the device to operate on multiple carriers and / or communicate via different technologies.

[0229] UE 302 and base station 304 each include Wireless Wide Area Network (WWAN) transceivers 310 and 350, respectively, configured to communicate via one or more wireless communication networks (not shown) (e.g., NR network, LTE network, GSM network, etc.). WWAN transceivers 310 and 350 may be connected to one or more antennas 316 and 356, respectively, for communicating with other network nodes (such as other UEs, access points, base stations (e.g., eNB, gNB), etc.) via at least one designated RAT (e.g., NR, LTE, GSM, etc.) through a wireless communication medium of interest (e.g., a set of time / frequency resources in a specific spectrum). WWAN transceivers 310 and 350 may be configured differently to transmit and encode signals 318 and 358 (e.g., messages, indications, information, etc.) according to a designated RAT, and conversely, to receive and decode signals 318 and 358 (e.g., messages, indications, information, pilots, etc.). Specifically, transceivers 310 and 350 include one or more transmitters 314 and 354 for transmitting and encoding signals 318 and 358, respectively, and one or more receivers 312 and 352 for receiving and decoding signals 318 and 358, respectively.

[0230] UE 302 and base station 304 also include, at least in some cases, wireless local area network (WLAN) transceivers 320 and 360, respectively. WLAN transceivers 320 and 360 can be connected to one or more antennas 326 and 366, respectively, for use via at least one designated RAT (e.g., WiFi, LTE-D, etc.) through the wireless communication medium of interest. (etc.) communicate with other network nodes such as other UEs, access points, base stations, etc. WLAN transceivers 320 and 360 can be configured differently to transmit and encode signals 328 and 368 (e.g., messages, indications, information, etc.) according to a specified RAT, and conversely, to receive and decode signals 328 and 368 (e.g., messages, indications, information, pilots, etc.) respectively. Specifically, transceivers 320 and 360 include one or more transmitters 324 and 364 for transmitting and encoding signals 328 and 368 respectively, and one or more receivers 322 and 362 for receiving and decoding signals 328 and 368 respectively.

[0231] Transceiver circuitry including at least one transmitter and at least one receiver may, in some embodiments, include integrated devices (e.g., transmitter and receiver circuitry embodied as a single communication device), in some embodiments, include separate transmitter and receiver devices, or in other embodiments, be embodied in a different manner. In one aspect, the transmitter may include or be coupled to multiple antennas (e.g., antennas 316, 326, 356, 366), such as an antenna array, which allows the corresponding device to perform transmit “beamforming,” as described herein. Similarly, the receiver may include or be coupled to multiple antennas (e.g., antennas 316, 326, 356, 366), such as an antenna array, which allows the corresponding device to perform receive beamforming, as described herein. In one aspect, the transmitter and receiver may share the same multiple antennas (e.g., antennas 316, 326, 356, 366), such that the corresponding device may receive or transmit only between given time intervals, rather than simultaneously receiving and transmitting. The wireless communication equipment of UE 302 and / or base station 304 (e.g., one or both of transceivers 310 and 320 and / or transceivers 350 and 360) may also include a network eavesdropping module (NLM) for performing various measurements, etc.

[0232] UE 302 and base station 304 also include, at least in some cases, satellite positioning system (SPS) receivers 330 and 370. SPS receivers 330 and 370 may be connected to one or more antennas 336 and 376, respectively, to receive SPS signals 338 and 378, such as Global Positioning System (GPS) signals, Global Navigation Satellite System (GLONASS) signals, Galileo signals, BeiDou signals, Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System (NAVIC), Quasi-Zenith Satellite System (QZSS), etc. SPS receivers 330 and 370 may include any suitable hardware and / or software for receiving and processing SPS signals 338 and 378, respectively. SPS receivers 330 and 370 may request information and operation from other systems as appropriate and perform calculations required to determine the positioning of UE 302 and base station 304 using measurements obtained through any suitable SPS algorithm.

[0233] Base station 304 and network entity 306 each include at least one network interface 380 and 390 for communicating with other network entities. For example, network interfaces 380 and 390 (e.g., one or more network access ports) can be configured to communicate with one or more network entities via a wired or wireless backhaul connection. In some aspects, network interfaces 380 and 390 can be implemented as transceivers configured to support wired or wireless signal-based communication. Such communication may involve, for example, sending and receiving messages, parameters, or other types of information.

[0234] UE 302, base station 304, and network entity 306 also include other components that can be used in conjunction with the operations disclosed herein. UE 302 includes processor circuitry implementing processing system 332 for providing functionality related to, for example, RF sensing, and for providing other processing functionality. Base station 304 includes processing system 384 for providing functionality related to, for example, RF sensing disclosed herein, and for providing other processing functionality. Network entity 306 includes processing system 394 for providing functionality related to, for example, RF sensing disclosed herein, and for providing other processing functionality. In one aspect, processing systems 332, 384, and 394 may include, for example, one or more general-purpose processors, multi-core processors, ASICs, digital signal processors (DSPs), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), or other programmable logic devices or processing circuitry.

[0235] UE 302, base station 304, and network entity 306 each include memory circuitry implementing memory components 340, 386, and 396 (e.g., each including a memory device) for maintaining information (e.g., information indicating reserved resources, thresholds, parameters, etc.). In some cases, UE 302, base station 304, and network entity 306 may each include radar components 342, 388, and 398. Radar components 342, 388, and 398 may be hardware circuitry that is part of or coupled to processing systems 332, 384, and 394, respectively, and when executed, causes UE 302, base station 304, and network entity 306 to perform the functionality described herein. In other aspects, radar components 342, 388, and 398 may be external to processing systems 332, 384, and 394 (e.g., part of a modem processing system, integrated with another processing system, etc.). Alternatively, radar components 342, 388, and 398 may be memory modules (e.g., stored in memory components 340, 386, and 396 respectively) Figures 3A-3C As shown), when executed by processing systems 332, 384 and 394 (or modem processing system, another processing system, etc.), it enables UE 302, base station 304 and network entity 306 to perform the functionality described herein.

[0236] UE 302 may include one or more sensors 344 coupled to processing system 332 to provide motion and / or orientation information, independent of motion data derived from signals received by WWAN transceiver 310, WLAN transceiver 320, and / or SPS receiver 330. As an example, sensor 344 may include accelerometers (e.g., microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) devices), gyroscopes, geomagnetic sensors (e.g., compasses), altimeters (e.g., barometric altimeters), and / or any other type of motion detection sensor. Furthermore, sensor 344 may include a variety of different types of devices and combine their outputs to provide motion information. For example, sensor 344 may use a combination of multi-axis accelerometers and orientation sensors to provide the ability to calculate positioning in 2D and / or 3D coordinate systems.

[0237] In addition, UE 302 includes a user interface 346 for providing instructions to the user (e.g., auditory and / or visual instructions) and / or for receiving user input (e.g., when the user actuates a sensing device such as a keyboard, touchscreen, microphone, etc.). Although not shown, base station 304 and network entity 306 may also include user interfaces.

[0238] Referring more details to processing system 384, in the downlink, IP packets from network entity 306 can be provided to processing system 384. Processing system 384 can implement functionality for the RRC layer, Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) layer, Radio Link Control (RLC) layer, and Media Access Control (MAC) layer. The processing system 384 can provide RRC layer functionality associated with broadcasting system information (e.g., Master Information Block (MIB), System Information Block (SIB)), RRC connection control (e.g., RRC connection paging, RRC connection establishment, RRC connection modification, and RRC connection release), inter-RAT mobility, and measurement configuration for UE quantity reporting; PDCP layer functionality associated with header compression / decompression, security (encryption, decryption, integrity protection, integrity verification), and handover support functions; RLC layer functionality associated with upper-layer packet data unit (PDU) transmission, error correction via Automatic Repeat Request (ARQ), concatenation, segmentation, and reassembly of RLC service data units (SDUs), resegmentation of RLC data PDUs, and reordering of RLC data PDUs; and MAC layer functionality associated with mapping between logical channels and transport channels, scheduling information reporting, error correction, priority processing, and logical channel prioritization.

[0239] Transmitter 354 and receiver 352 can implement Layer 1 functions associated with various signal processing functions. Layer 1, including the physical (PHY) layer, can include error detection on the transport channel, forward error correction (FEC) encoding / decoding of the transport channel, interleaving, rate matching, mapping to the physical channel, modulation / demodulation of the physical channel, and MIMO antenna processing. Transmitter 354 processes the mapping to the signal constellation based on various modulation schemes (e.g., binary phase shift keying (BPSK), quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK), M-phase shift keying (M-PSK), M-quadrature amplitude modulation (M-QAM)). The decoded and modulated symbols can then be split into parallel streams. Each stream can be mapped to an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) subcarrier, multiplexed with a reference signal (e.g., a pilot) in the time and / or frequency domains, and then combined using an inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) to produce a physical channel carrying a time-domain OFDM symbol stream. The OFDM symbol stream is spatially pre-decoded to produce multiple spatial streams. The channel estimate from the channel estimator can be used to determine the decoding and modulation scheme, as well as for spatial processing. The channel estimate can be derived from a reference signal transmitted by UE 302 and / or channel condition feedback. Each spatial stream can then be provided to one or more different antennas 356. Transmitter 354 can utilize the corresponding spatial stream to modulate an RF carrier for transmission.

[0240] At UE 302, receiver 312 receives signals via its corresponding antenna 316. Receiver 312 recovers the information modulated onto the RF carrier and provides this information to processing system 332. Transmitter 314 and receiver 312 implement Layer 1 functionality associated with various signal processing functions. Receiver 312 can perform spatial processing on the information to recover any spatial stream destined for UE 302. If multiple spatial streams are destined for UE 302, they can be combined by receiver 312 into a single OFDM symbol stream. Receiver 312 then uses a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) to transform this OFDM symbol stream from the time domain to the frequency domain. The frequency domain signal comprises separate OFDM symbol streams for each subcarrier of the OFDM signal. Symbols and reference signals on each subcarrier are recovered and demodulated by determining the most probable signal constellation points transmitted by base station 304. These soft decisions can be based on channel estimates calculated by a channel estimator. The soft decision is then decoded and deinterleaved to recover the data and control signals originally transmitted by base station 304 on the physical channel. The data and control signals are then provided to processing system 332, which implements layer 3 and layer 2 functionality.

[0241] In the uplink, processing system 332 provides demultiplexing, packet reassembly, decryption, header decompression, and control signal processing between the transport and logical channels to recover IP packets from the core network. Processing system 332 is also responsible for error detection.

[0242] Similar to the functionality described in conjunction with downlink transmission of base station 304, processing system 332 provides RRC layer functionality associated with system information (e.g., MIB, SIB) acquisition, RRC connectivity, and measurement reporting; PDCP layer functionality associated with header compression / decompression and security (encryption, decryption, integrity protection, integrity verification); RLC layer functionality associated with transmission of upper-layer PDUs, error correction via ARQ, concatenation, segmentation and reassembly of RLC SDUs, resegmentation of RLC data PDUs, and reordering of RLC data PDUs; and MAC layer functionality associated with mapping between logical channels and transport channels, multiplexing MAC SDUs onto transport blocks (TBs), demultiplexing MAC SDUs from TBs, scheduling information reporting, error correction via Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request (HARQ), priority processing, and logical channel prioritization.

[0243] Transmitter 314 can use the channel estimate derived by the channel estimator from the reference signal or feedback transmitted by base station 304 to select an appropriate decoding and modulation scheme and facilitate spatial processing. The spatial stream generated by transmitter 314 can be provided to different antennas 316. Transmitter 314 can utilize the corresponding spatial stream to modulate an RF carrier for transmission.

[0244] Uplink transmissions are processed at base station 304 in a manner similar to that described in conjunction with the receiver function at UE 302. Receiver 352 receives signals via its corresponding antenna 356. Receiver 352 recovers the information modulated onto the RF carrier and provides this information to processing system 384.

[0245] In the uplink, processing system 384 provides demultiplexing, packet reassembly, decryption, header decompression, and control signal processing between the transport and logical channels to recover IP packets from UE 302. IP packets from processing system 384 can be provided to the core network. Processing system 384 is also responsible for error detection.

[0246] For convenience, UE 302, base station 304 and / or network entity 306 are in Figures 3A to 3C The blocks shown are illustrated as including various components that can be configured according to the various examples described herein. However, it should be understood that the blocks shown may have different functionalities in different designs.

[0247] Various components of UE 302, base station 304 and network entity 306 can communicate with each other via data buses 334, 382 and 392 respectively. Figures 3A-3C The components can be implemented in various ways. In some implementations, Figures 3A-3CThe components can be implemented in one or more circuits, such as, for example, one or more processors and / or one or more ASICs (which may include one or more processors). Each circuit may use and / or incorporate at least one memory component for storing information or executable code used by the circuit to provide that functionality. For example, some or all of the functionality represented by blocks 310 to 346 can be implemented by the processor and memory components of UE 302 (e.g., by executing appropriate code and / or by appropriate configuration of the processor components). Similarly, some or all of the functionality represented by blocks 350 to 388 can be implemented by the processor and memory components of base station 304 (e.g., by executing appropriate code and / or by appropriate configuration of the processor components). Furthermore, some or all of the functionality represented by blocks 390 to 398 can be implemented by the processor and memory components of network entity 306 (e.g., by running appropriate code and / or by appropriate configuration of the processor components). For simplicity, various operations, actions, and / or functions are described herein as being performed "by the UE," "by the base station," "by the positioning entity," etc. However, as will be understood, such operations, actions and / or functions can actually be performed by specific components or combinations of components of the UE, base station, positioning entity, etc. (e.g., processing systems 332, 384, 394, transceivers 310, 320, 350 and 360, memory components 340, 386 and 396, radar components 342, 388 and 398, etc.).

[0248] Figure 4A Figure 400 is an example of a DL frame structure according to various aspects of this disclosure. Figure 4B Figure 430 is an example of a channel within a DL frame structure according to various aspects of this disclosure. Other wireless communication technologies may have different frame structures and / or different channels.

[0249] LTE, and in some cases NR, uses OFDM on the downlink and single-carrier frequency division multiplexing (SC-FDM) on the uplink. However, unlike LTE, NR also has the option to use OFDM on the uplink. OFDM and SC-FDM divide the system bandwidth into multiple (K) orthogonal subcarriers, which are often referred to as tones, bins, etc. Each subcarrier can be modulated with data. Typically, OFDM is used to transmit modulation symbols in the frequency domain, and SC-FDM is used to transmit modulation symbols in the time domain. The spacing between adjacent subcarriers can be fixed, and the total number of subcarriers (K) can depend on the system bandwidth. For example, the subcarrier spacing can be 15 kHz, and the minimum resource allocation (resource block) can be 12 subcarriers (or 180 kHz). Therefore, for system bandwidths of 1.25, 2.5, 5, 10, or 20 MHz, the nominal FFT size can be equal to 128, 256, 512, 1024, or 2048, respectively. The system bandwidth can also be divided into subbands. For example, a subband can cover 1.08MHz (i.e., 6 resource blocks), and for system bandwidths of 1.25MHz, 2.5MHz, 5MHz, 10MHz, or 20MHz, there can be 1, 2, 4, 8, or 16 subbands, respectively.

[0250] LTE supports a single set of parameters (numerology) (subcarrier spacing, symbol length, etc.). In contrast, NR can support multiple sets of parameters; for example, subcarrier spacings of 15kHz, 30kHz, 60kHz, 120kHz, and 204kHz or greater are available. Table 1 below lists some of the various parameters used for different NR parameter sets.

[0251]

[0252] Table 1

[0253] exist Figure 4A and Figure 4B In the example, a parameter set of 15kHz is used. Therefore, in the time domain, a frame (e.g., 10ms) is divided into 10 equal-sized subframes, each 1ms in size, and each subframe includes one time slot. Figure 4A and Figure 4B In this representation, time is shown horizontally (e.g., on the X-axis), with time increasing from left to right, while frequency is shown vertically (e.g., on the Y-axis), with frequency increasing (or decreasing) from bottom to top.

[0254] A resource grid can be used to represent time slots, each of which includes one or more concurrent resource blocks (RBs) (also known as physical RBs (PRBs)) in the frequency domain. The resource grid is further divided into multiple resource elements (REs). An RE can correspond to a symbol length in the time domain and a subcarrier in the frequency domain. Figure 4A and Figure 4B In the parameter set, for a normal cyclic prefix, the RB can contain 12 consecutive subcarriers in the frequency domain and 7 consecutive symbols in the time domain (for DL, OFDM symbols; for UL, SC-FDMA symbols), for a total of 84 REs. For an extended cyclic prefix, the RB can contain 12 consecutive subcarriers in the frequency domain and 6 consecutive symbols in the time domain, for a total of 72 REs. The number of bits carried by each RE depends on the modulation scheme.

[0255] like Figure 4A As shown, some REs carry DL reference (pilot) signals (DL-RS) for channel estimation at the UE. The DL-RS may include demodulation reference signals (DMRS) and channel state information reference signals (CSI-RS), which are exemplarily located in... Figure 4A The middle part is marked with "R".

[0256] Figure 4B The diagram illustrates examples of various channels within a DL subframe of a frame. The Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH) carries DL Control Information (DCI) within one or more Control Channel Elements (CCEs). Each CCE comprises nine RE Groups (REGs), and each REG includes four consecutive REs in OFDM symbols. The DCI carries information about UL resource allocation (persistent and non-persistent) and a description of the DL data being sent to the UE. Multiple (e.g., up to eight) DCIs can be configured in the PDCCH, and these DCIs can have one of several formats. For example, different DCI formats exist for UL scheduling, for non-MIMO DL scheduling, for MIMO DL scheduling, and for UL power control.

[0257] The UE uses the Primary Synchronization Signal (PSS) to determine subframe / symbol timing and physical layer identifiers. The UE uses the Secondary Synchronization Signal (SSS) to determine the physical layer cell identifier group number and radio frame timing. Based on the physical layer identifier and physical layer cell identifier group number, the UE can determine the PCI. Based on the PCI, the UE can determine the location of the aforementioned DL-RS. The Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH) carrying the MIB can be logically grouped with the PSS and SSS to form an SSB (also known as SS / PBCH). The MIB provides the number of RBs and the system frame number (SFN) in the DL system bandwidth. The Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH) carries user data, broadcast system information (such as System Information Blocks (SIBs)) not transmitted via the PBCH, and paging messages. In some cases, Figure 4A The DL RS shown can be a positioning reference signal (PRS).

[0258] Wireless communication signals transmitted between the UE and the base station (e.g., RF signals configured to carry OFDM symbols) can be reused for environmental sensing (also known as "RF sensing" or "radar"). Using wireless communication signals for environmental sensing can be considered as consumer-grade radar with advanced detection capabilities, particularly enabling touchless / device-free interaction with devices / systems. Wireless communication signals can be cellular communication signals, such as LTE or NR signals, WLAN signals, etc. As a specific example, the wireless communication signal can be an OFDM waveform utilized in LTE and NR. High-frequency communication signals, such as mmW RF signals, are particularly advantageous for use as radar signals because higher frequencies provide at least more accurate range (distance) detection.

[0259] Typically, there are different types of radar, especially monostatic and bistatic radar. Figure 5A and Figure 5B The illustration shows two of these various types of radar. Specifically, Figure 5A This is illustration 500 of a single-station radar scene, and... Figure 5B This is illustration 530, depicting a bistatic radar scenario. Figure 5A In this configuration, base station 502 can be configured for full-duplex operation, thus the transmitter (Tx) and receiver (Rx) are co-located. For example, the transmitted radio signal 506 can be reflected from a target object such as building 504, and the receiver on base station 502 is configured to receive and measure the reflected beam 508. This is a typical use case for conventional or traditional radar. Figure 5BIn this example, base station 505 can be configured as a transmitter (Tx), and UE 532 can be configured as a receiver (Rx). In this example, the transmitter and receiver are not co-located; that is, they are separate. Base station 505 can be configured to transmit a beam, such as a full downlink RF signal 506 that can be received by UE 532. A portion of the RF signal 506 can be reflected or refracted by building 504, and UE 532 can receive the reflected signal 534. This is a typical use case for RF sensing based on wireless communication (e.g., WiFi-based, LTE-based, NR-based). Note that although... Figure 5B The diagram illustrates the use of downlink RF signal 506 as an RF sensing signal, but uplink RF signals can also be used as RF sensing signals. In the downlink scenario, as shown in the figure, the transmitter is base station 505 and the receiver is UE 532, while in the uplink scenario, the transmitter is UE and the receiver is base station.

[0260] For more detailed information, please refer to [link / reference]. Figure 5B Base station 505 sends RF sensing signals (e.g., PRS) to UE 532, but some RF sensing signals are reflected away from a target object such as building 504. UE 504 can measure the ToA of the RF signal 506 received directly from the base station, as well as the ToA of the reflected signal 534 reflected from the target object (e.g., building 504).

[0261] Base station 505 can be configured to transmit a single RF signal 506 or multiple RF signals to a receiver (e.g., UE 532). However, due to the propagation characteristics of RF signals through multipath channels, UE 532 can receive multiple RF signals corresponding to each transmitted RF signal. Each path can be associated with a cluster of one or more channel taps. Typically, the time when the receiver detects the first cluster of channel taps is considered to be the ToA of the RF signal on the line-of-site (LOS) path (i.e., the shortest path between the transmitter and receiver). Subsequent clusters of channel taps are considered to have been reflected from objects between the transmitter and receiver, and therefore have followed a non-LOS (NLOS) path between the transmitter and receiver.

[0262] Therefore, return to the reference. Figure 5B RF signal 506 travels along the LOS path between base station 505 and UE 532, and reflected signal 534 represents the RF sensing signal traveling along the NLOS path between base station 505 and UE 532 due to reflection away from building 504 (or another target object). Base station 505 may have transmitted multiple RF sensing signals. Figure 5B(Not shown in the image), some of these signals follow the LOS path, and others follow the NLOS path. Alternatively, base station 505 may have transmitted a single RF sensing signal in a sufficiently wide beam such that a portion of the RF sensing signal follows the LOS path and a portion follows the NLOS path.

[0263] Based on the difference between the ToA of the LOS path, the ToA of the NLOS path, and the speed of light, UE 532 can determine the distance to building 504. Furthermore, if UE 532 can receive beamforming, it can determine the general direction to building 504 as the direction of the reflected signal 534, which is the RF sensing signal following the received NLOS path. UE 532 can then optionally report this information to transmitting base station 505, an application server associated with the core network, an external client, a third-party application, or another entity. Alternatively, UE 532 can report the ToA measurement to base station 505 or other entities, and base station 505 can determine the distance and (optionally) direction to the target object.

[0264] Note that if the RF sensing signal is an uplink RF signal sent from UE 532 to base station 505, then base station 505 will perform object detection based on the uplink RF signal, just as UE 532 will perform it based on the downlink RF signal.

[0265] Reference Figure 5C Figure 550 illustrates an example of how the RF channel response at a receiver (e.g., any UE or base station described herein) changes over time. Figure 5C In the example, the receiver receives a cluster of multiple (four) channel taps. Each channel tap represents the multipath followed by the RF signal between the transmitter (e.g., any UE or base station described herein) and the receiver. That is, the channel tap represents the arrival of the RF signal on the multipath. The cluster of each channel tap indicates that the corresponding multipath follows substantially the same path. Different clusters may exist because the RF signal is transmitted on different transmit beams (and therefore at different angles), or because of the propagation characteristics of the RF signal (which may follow widely different paths due to reflection), or both.

[0266] exist Figure 5C Under the channel shown, the receiver receives a first cluster of two RF signals at the channel tap at time T1, a second cluster of five RF signals at the channel tap at time T2, a third cluster of five RF signals at the channel tap at time T3, and a fourth cluster of four RF signals at the channel tap at time T4. Figure 5CIn the example, because the first cluster of RF signals arrives first at time T1, it is assumed to be a LOS data stream (i.e., a data stream arriving via LOS or the shortest path), and can correspond to Figure 5B The LOS path is illustrated in the diagram (e.g., RF signal 506). The third cluster at time T3 consists of the strongest RF signal and can correspond to... Figure 5B The NLOS path is illustrated in the diagram (e.g., reflected signal 534). Note that although... Figure 5C Clusters with two to five channel taps are shown, but it is understood that these clusters may have more or fewer channel taps than those shown.

[0267] refer to Figure 6 This document illustrates an example single-target beam management use case 600 for bi-site radio frequency sensing. Use case 600 includes a base station 602 (such as a 5G NR gNB configured to transmit multiple beamforming signals along different azimuth and / or elevation angles) and a UE 610 configured to utilize receive beamforming to improve signal gain based on the angle of arrival. Base station 602 can be configured to generate N different reference beams and various azimuth, elevation, and / or beamwidths. In one example, the beams transmitted by base station 602 can be based on SS blocks, CSI-RS, TRS, or PRS resource sets. Other sensing and tracking reference signals can also be used. UE 610 can be configured to utilize phase shifters and other software and hardware techniques to generate receive beams, such as a first receive beam 612, a second receive beam 614, and a third receive beam 616. UE 610 can also be configured to utilize beamforming on the transmitted beams. Base station 602 can transmit a first reference signal 604 in the direction of a target object such as building 504, which can be reflected, and UE 610 can receive the reflected signal 606 using a first receive beam 612. The reflected signal 606 represents the NLOS path from the first reference signal 604 to UE 610. Base station 602 also transmits a second reference signal 608 on a second beam. In one example, the second reference signal 608 can be quasi-co-located (QCL) with the first reference signal 604. UE 610 receives the second reference signal 608 using a second receive beam 614. The second reference signal 608 is the LOS path to UE 610.

[0268] In operation, UE 610 can be configured to report the channel response of each of the first and second reference signals 604, 608 to base station 602 or another serving cell, and base station 602 can be configured to manage transmit and receive beam pairs for object sensing. For example, base station 602 can be configured to provide UE 610 with transmit and receive beam identification information to track objects such as building 504. The beam identification information can be a Transmission Configuration Indicator (TCI) sent in a DCI message, which includes configurations such as the QCL relationship between the transmit and receive beams.

[0269] refer to Figure 7 For further reference Figure 6 This illustrates an example multi-objective use case 700 for dual-station RF sensing. Use case 700 is expanded by including a second objective. Figure 6 Use case 600 is a single target. As an example and not a limitation, the second target could be a second building 704. The number and nature of targets can vary depending on the environment and radio sensing application. In use case 700, base station 602 transmits a third reference signal 702 reflected by the second building 704, and the resulting reflected signal 708 is detected by the second receive beam 614 of UE 610. UE 610 can report a channel response for the third reference signal 702, which has an indication of a measurement obtained using the second receive beam 614. Base station 602 is configured to manage beam pairs associated with the second target (i.e., the third reference signal 702 and the second receive beam 614). Additional targets and corresponding beam pairs can also be managed by base station 602. Base station 602 can be configured to track one or more targets and thus can provide the corresponding beam pair information as the QCL / TCI of the respective target to UE 610.

[0270] refer to Figure 8AAn example scan phase 800 with bi-station RF sensing is shown. Base station 802 is an example of base station 304 and is configured to transmit multiple beamforming reference signals with varying azimuth, elevation, and / or beamwidth. The reference signals may be SS blocks, CSI-RS, TRS, PRS, or sense-scan reference signals (SSRS) configured for RF sensing applications. UE 810 is an example of UE 302 and may be configured to perform receive beam scanning relative to the direction of UE 810 along different azimuth, elevation, and / or beamwidths. In operation, base station 802 may transmit one or more reference signals sequentially (i.e., beam scanning), and UE 810 is configured to perform beam scanning with different receive beams. Scan phase 800 can be used to initially detect potential objects to be tracked via RF sensing. For example, a first reference signal 804 may be reflected by a first object 820a, and the first reflected reference signal 804a may be detected by UE 810. UE 810 can cycle through different receive beams, such as the first receive beam 812, the second receive beam 814, and the third receive beam 816. For example... Figure 8A As shown, the first reflected reference signal 804a can be received using the first receiving beam 812. UE 810 can also detect the second reference signal 805 via the LOS path using the second receiving beam 814. Beam scanning on base station 802 can generate a third reference signal 806 reflected on the second object 820b, and UE 810 receives the third reflected reference signal 806a on the third receiving beam 816.

[0271] In one embodiment, UE 810 can be configured to detect a target based on the RSRP of the received signal. For example, UE 810 can report RSRP values ​​associated with the first reference signal 804 and the third reference signal 806 that are higher than a threshold. The threshold can be a fixed value, or it can be scaled based on the RSRP of a LOS signal such as the second reference signal 805. UE 810 is configured to report one or more channel measurements (e.g., RSRP, RSRQ, SINR) associated with the received reference signals to base station 802 or other network nodes. Measurements obtained during the scan phase 800 can be used in the subsequent tracking phase.

[0272] refer to Figure 8B For further reference Figure 8A An example tracking stage 850 with dual-station RF sensing is shown. (Continued) Figure 8AFor example, base station 802 (or another network node in communication system 100) can determine to track one or more objects detected during scan phase 800. For instance, base station 802 may choose to track a first object 820a and will send beam configuration information to UE 810 to enable UE 810 to track the first object 820a. The beam configuration information may include reference signal information and receive beam configuration information for UE 810. Base station 802 may utilize a sense-tracking reference signal (STRS) based on a first reference signal 804 to track or refine measurements associated with the first object. In one example, the STRS may be QCL with the corresponding SSRS (i.e., the first reference signal 804). SS blocks, CSI-RS, TRS, and PRS can be used as STRS. Other reference signals may also be developed and used as STRS. The beam configuration information sent to UE 810 may be sent via RRC, Media Access Control Control Element (MAC-CE), DCI, or other signaling protocols. Once the beam configuration information is received, the UE 810 can, for example, use the first receive beam 812 with SRS to detect the first object 820a.

[0273] Base station 802 can be configured to track multiple targets based on the number of reference signals that base station 802 can generate. In one embodiment, base station 802 can be configured to track one object for each reference signal. For example, base station 802 can track a second object 820b by generating a second SRS based on a third reference signal 806. Beam configuration information sent to UE 810 may include corresponding receive beam information (e.g., a third receive beam 816) provided by UE 810 during scan phase 800 and beam parameters for the second SRS. Therefore, UE 810 can be configured to track a first object 820a and a second object 820b. Additional objects can be tracked up to the number of reference signals generated by base station 802.

[0274] Figure 9 This is a simplified diagram illustrating the basic operation of a bistatic radar system 900. A transmitter 902 and a receiver 904 are used to transmit and receive radar signals for sensing a target 906. While an example of a bistatic radar is shown, the same operating principle can be applied to multistatic radars that utilize more than two transmitters / receivers. For example, a multistatic radar may utilize one transmitter and two receivers. In another example, a multistatic radar may utilize two transmitters and one receiver. A greater number of transmitters and / or receivers are also possible.

[0275] In the bistatic radar system 900, transmitter 902 emits a transmit signal 908 that travels across a distance RT to reach target 906. The transmit signal 908 is reflected from target 906 and becomes an echo signal 910, which travels across a distance RR to reach receiver 904. The primary function served by the bistatic radar system 900 is to sense the range or distance RR from target 906 to receiver 904. The system primarily achieves this by sensing the total distance RR traveled by the transmit signal 908 and the echo signal 910. sum The amount of time spent determines the range RR, and the total distance R. sum It is the sum of RT and RR:

[0276] R sum =R T +R R (Formula 1)

[0277] Total distance R sum An ellipsoidal surface (also called an equidistant profile) is defined with foci at the locations of transmitter 902 and receiver 904, respectively. Given a total distance R... sum The ellipsoidal surface represents all possible positions of target 906. Radar system 900 is capable of measuring range R. sum For example, if perfect timing synchronization between transmitter 902 and receiver 904 can be assumed, it is easy to simply measure the duration T between the moment transmitter 902 transmits the transmission signal 908 and the moment receiver 904 receives the echo signal 910. sum The duration T sum Multiplying this by the speed of the signal through free space, for example, approximately c = 3 * 908 m / s, will produce R. sum Therefore, the "time of flight" T of the bistatic radar signal can be measured. sum To find the ellipsoidal surface of all possible locations of target 906.

[0278] According to some embodiments, distance R can be measured even without strict time synchronization between transmitter 902 and receiver 904. sum In one embodiment, the line-of-sight (LOS) signal 912 can be emitted from the transmitter 902 to the receiver 904. That is, while the transmitter 902 is emitting the transmission signal 908 toward the target 906, the transmitter 902 can also emit the LOS signal 912 toward the receiver 904. According to a particular embodiment, the transmission signal 908 may correspond to the main lobe of the transmit antenna beam pattern emitted from the transmitter 902, while the LOS signal 912 corresponds to the sidelobe of the same transmit antenna beam pattern emitted from the transmitter 902.

[0279] Receiver 904 receives both echo signal 910 and LOS signal 912, and the total distance R can be measured using the timing of the reception of these two signals using the following expression. sum :

[0280]

[0281] Here, TRx_echo is the reception time of echo signal 910. TRxLOS is the reception time of LOS signal 912. As mentioned, c = 3 * 10⁸ m / s is the velocity of the signal passing through free space. L is the distance between transmitter 902 and receiver 904. Once Rsum is found, it can be used to calculate the target distance RR, i.e., the distance between target 906 and receiver 904, using the following expression:

[0282]

[0283] The bistatic radar system 900 can also be used to determine the angle of arrival (AoA)θ of the echo signal 910 received by the receiver 904. R This can be done in various ways. One way is to estimate θ by using an antenna array at receiver 904. R An antenna array comprising multiple antenna elements can operate as a programmable directional antenna capable of sensing the angle of the received signal. Therefore, receiver 904 can employ the antenna array to sense the angle of arrival of the echo signal 910, used to estimate θ. R Another approach involves polygonal positioning. Polygonal positioning refers to determining the intersection of two or more curves or surfaces that represent the possible locations of a target. For example, Figure 9 The bistatic radar system 900 shown can define a first ellipsoidal surface representing the possible location of target 906, as previously described. A second bistatic radar system with transmitters and / or receivers having different locations can define a different second ellipsoidal surface also representing the possible location of target 906. The intersection of the first and second ellipsoidal surfaces can narrow down the possible locations of target 906. In three-dimensional space, typically four such ellipsoidal surfaces are needed to reduce the possible locations to a single point, thereby identifying the location of target 906. In two-dimensional space (e.g., assuming all transmitters, receivers, and targets are confined to the ground), typically three such ellipsoidal surfaces (for two-dimensional space, the ellipsoidal surface simplifies to an elliptic curve) are needed to reduce the possible locations to a single point, thereby identifying the location of target 906. Multi-station radar systems can also be used instead of multiple bistatic radar systems to achieve multilateral localization in a similar manner.

[0284] Furthermore, the bistatic radar system 900 can also be used to determine the Doppler frequency associated with target 906. From the perspective of receiver 904, the Doppler frequency represents the relative velocity of target 906, i.e., the rate at which target 906 approaches / moves away from receiver 904. For a fixed transmitter 902 and a fixed receiver 904, the Doppler frequency of target 906 can be calculated as follows:

[0285]

[0286] Here, f D ν is the Doppler frequency, v is the velocity of target 906 relative to a fixed reference frame defined by the fixed transmitter 902 and receiver 904. β is the angle formed between the transmitted signal 908 and the echo signal 910 at target 906. δ is the angle between the velocity vector ν and the central ray (half-angle) defined within angle β.

[0287] exist Figure 9 In this system, a fixed reference frame is defined relative to a fixed transmitter 902 and a fixed receiver 904. Specifically, a baseline of length L can be drawn between the transmitter 902 and the receiver 904. The baseline can extend beyond the transmitter 902 and the receiver 904. One or more normals can be drawn perpendicular to the baseline. The transmission angle θ can be defined relative to the normal drawn from the position of the transmitter 902. T Reception angle θ R (The above is called the angle of arrival) can be defined relative to the normal drawn from the position of the receiver 904.

[0288] As mentioned earlier, a bistatic radar system 900 can be operated to sense targets in two-dimensional or three-dimensional space. In the case of three-dimensional space, additional degrees of freedom are introduced. However, the same basic principles can be applied, and similar calculations can be performed.

[0289] Figure 10 An embodiment of a bistatic radar system 900 in a wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is illustrated. The wireless communication system may include a wireless communication system 1000, such as... Figure 10As shown. Wireless communication system 1000 may include numerous transmit / receive points (TRPs) that provide signal transmission and / or reception with other devices. Examples of TRPs within wireless communication system 1000 include base stations 1002 and 1004, which are used to provide wireless communication for user equipment (UE) such as vehicles, wireless phones, wearable devices, personal access points, and various other types of UEs in the vicinity that require wireless data communication. For example, base stations 1002 and 1004 may be configured to support data communication with UE devices by transmitting data symbols to or receiving data symbols from UE devices. Resources within wireless communication system 1000, such as base stations 1002 and 1004, can therefore be utilized for "dual-tasking" to support not only wireless communication operation but also bi-station and / or multi-station radar operation. Wireless communication system 900 may be a cellular communication system.

[0290] For example, base station 1002 and base station 1004 can be used as... Figure 9 The bistatic radar system 900 shown includes a transmitter 902 and a receiver 904. Base station 1002 can transmit a transmit signal 1008, which is reflected from target 906 and becomes an echo signal 1010 received by base station 1004. Base station 1004 can also receive a line-of-sight (LOS) signal 1012 from base station 1002. By receiving both the LOS signal 1012 and the echo signal 1010, RX base station 1004 can measure a value associated with the time difference between the reception time TRx_echo and TRxLOS, respectively, associated with the received LOS signal 1012 and the echo signal 1010. For example, RX base station 1004 can cross-correlate the received LOS signal 1012 with the received echo signal 1010, such as by mixing the two signals in analog or digital form, to produce a value representing the time difference (TRx_echo - TRxLOS). The time difference can be used to find the total range Rsum. The total distance Rsum can then be used to define the ellipsoidal surface, which, along with other information, can be used with previously obtained information about the ellipsoidal surface. Figure 9 One or more techniques are discussed to find the target range RR and angle of arrival (AoA) θ associated with target 1006. R And / or Doppler frequency.

[0291] Here, target 906 may be, but does not necessarily have to be, a UE supported by wireless communication system 1000. In some cases, target 906 may be a UE configured to use the base station of wireless communication system 1000 to transmit and receive wireless signals carrying voice, text, and / or wireless data. In other cases, target 906 may simply be a remote object within the bistatic radar range of base stations 1002 and 1004, but otherwise unrelated to the wireless communication capabilities of system 1000.

[0292] exist Figure 10 In the illustrated dual-station example, the transmitter is referred to as TX base station 1002, and the receiver as RX base station 1004. More generally, TX base station 1002 may be referred to as TX TRP, and RX base station 1004 may be referred to as RX TRP. Here, "TX" and "RX" refer only to the fact that base station 1002 is used to transmit radar signal 1008 and base station 1004 is used to receive radar echo signal 1010. The terms "TX" and "RX" in this context do not limit the operation of base stations 1002 and 1004 to other functions, such as acting as transmitters and / or receivers in other dual-station or multi-station radar operations (beyond...). Figure 9 (As shown), or used as a base station for transmitting and receiving data communications during normal operation of the wireless communication system 1000. Although Figure 10 The illustration shows a simple bistatic radar system, but multistatic radar systems can also be implemented in a similar manner within a wireless communication system. Furthermore, although... Figure 10 The illustration shows a simple example in two-dimensional space, but the same operation can be extended to three-dimensional space.

[0293] Implementing a bi-station or multi-station radar system within a wireless communication system according to embodiments of this disclosure can yield numerous benefits. One particular benefit is the flexible utilization of bandwidth allocated for wireless communication. An example of the wireless communication system 1000 is a cellular communication system. For example, according to one embodiment, the wireless communication system 1000 may conform to the “5G” standard introduced in Release 15 of the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) specification. The ever-increasing bandwidth allocated to current and future wireless communication systems, including 5G and others, can be used for the transmission of bi-station and multi-station radar signals. Thus, radio frequency (RF) sensing (e.g., radar) can be enabled by utilizing available wireless RF spectrum resources. For example, one or more of the transmitted signal 1008, echo signal 1010, and / or LOS signal 1012 may occupy bandwidth within a portion of the radio frequency (RF) spectrum allocated to the wireless communication system 1000 for data communication. Another example of the wireless communication system 1000 is a Long Term Evolution (LTE) wireless communication system. Other examples of the wireless communication system 1000 include wireless local area networks (WLANs), wireless wide area networks (WWANs), small cell-based wireless communication systems, millimeter wave-based communication systems, and other types of communication-based systems including TRPs.

[0294] Furthermore, the inherent advantages of bistatic and multistatic radar systems can be realized through a widespread network of well-positioned transmitters and receivers, existing in the form of wireless base stations. Compared to monostatic radar systems, bistatic or multistatic radar systems mitigate self-interference by having physically separated transmitter and receiver equipment. Wireless base stations, such as... Figure 10 Base stations 1002 and 1004 shown already exist and cover a vast geographical area where users, vehicles, and other objects of interest may be present. Such well-distributed wireless base stations provide the opportunity to select appropriately positioned base stations for use as transmitters and receivers in bi-station and multi-station radar operations.

[0295] A significant challenge in the development of bistation or multistation radar systems is the coordination between the transmitter and receiver. Embodiments of this disclosure present various techniques for addressing this coordination problem, as discussed in the following sections.

[0296] According to certain embodiments, a "radar controller" can be implemented to support the operation of one or more bistatic and / or multistatic radar systems implemented within a wireless communication system. Here, a "radar controller" can be implemented as a combination of hardware and / or software resources residing within a wireless communication network. Thus, a radar controller can be defined as a functional block, facility, or node for, for example, configuring and / or controlling parameters that are depended upon by the TX and RX base stations involved in bistatic and / or multistatic radar operation.

[0297] Figure 11 This is a block diagram of a wireless communication system 1100 that may include a radar controller, according to embodiments of the present disclosure. The wireless communication system 1100 includes a core network (CN) 1102, a radio access network (RAN) 1104, and one or more user equipment (UE) units 1106. In one embodiment, a radar controller 1108 may be implemented within the CN 1102. The CN 1102 provides system 1100 with connectivity to the Internet and application services. The CN 1102 may be implemented using various computing resources, including memory and one or more processors that execute an operating system and execute applications including programmed instructions. In a particular embodiment, the radar controller 1108 may be implemented within the computing resources of the CN 1102.

[0298] In another embodiment, the radar controller 1110 may be implemented within RAN 1104. For example, RAN 1104 may include base stations 1002-1004. Each base station 1002-1004 may include transmitter and receiver hardware, such as antennas, antenna elements, cables, physical tower structures, modems, encoders / decoders, networking devices, computing resources, and other components. The computing resources associated with each base station may include memory and one or more processors that execute an operating system and run applications including programmed instructions. In a particular embodiment, the radar controller 1110 may be implemented within the computing resources of one or more base stations 1002-1004.

[0299] The radar controller 1108 (or 1110) may be implemented elsewhere in the radio access network (RAN), core network (CN) 1110, or wireless communication system (e.g., cellular communication system 1100). The radar controller 1108 (or 1110) need not be a dedicated server. For example, the radar controller 1108 (or 1110) may be a general-purpose server, a positioning server, a driver assistance server, a tracking server, or another server providing different functions. Furthermore, the radar controller 1108 (or 1110) may, but does not need to, be operated or owned by a network operator. The radar controller 1108 (or 1110) may be a network-independent server (e.g., a third-party server).

[0300] Regardless of its implementation location, the radar controller 1108 (or 1110) can be communicatively coupled to a transmit / receive point (TRP) within RAN 1104, such as base stations 1002 and 1004, via one or more interfaces. One or more interfaces may include point-to-point interfaces. An example of such a point-to-point interface is an interface that implements the Internet Protocol (IP) communication protocol over a wired network (e.g., a "backhaul" network).

[0301] In some embodiments, the wireless communication system 1100 may conform to the “5G” standard. In this case, CN 1102 may be a 5G core network (5G CN), RAN 1104 may be a 3GPP next-generation radio access network (NG RAN), and each of base stations 1002 and 1004 may be a “gNodeB” or a “gNB”.

[0302] Figure 12An example of a radar configuration parameter list 1200 provided by radar controller 1108 (or 1110) to TX base station 1002 and RX base station 1004 for a dual-station or multi-station radar measurement session according to an embodiment of this disclosure is shown. Here, a radar measurement session may include one or more radar signal transmissions / receptions associated with obtaining target range, Doppler, or angle estimations. An example of such a radar measurement session may be a sequence of “chirps” of frequency-modulated continuous wave (FMCW) radar signals transmitted by the TX base station and a corresponding echo “chirp” sequence of FMCW radar signals received by the RX base station.

[0303] like Figure 12 As shown, the radar configuration parameter list 1200 may include multiple entries, which may include values ​​for parameters such as radar session ID, TX base station ID, RX base station ID, TX / RX timing parameters, Doppler parameters, radar waveform type, radar signal center frequency, radar signal bandwidth (BW), radar period, radar repetition factor, and linear frequency modulation (LFM) frequency slope. These parameters are presented for illustrative purposes, and the entries in the configuration parameter list of any given radar system implemented within a wireless communication system may differ. Figure 12 The example shown.

[0304] Refer again Figure 12 The radar session ID identifies a specific radar measurement session. The TX base station ID identifies a specific base station in the wireless communication system as a transmitter of radar signals. The RX base station ID identifies a specific base station in the wireless communication system as a receiver of radar echo signals reflected from a target. Figure 12 The example shown assumes a basic bistatic radar measurement session using one transmitter and one receiver. Additional transmitter and / or receiver IDs can be included for multistatic radar measurement sessions. The TX / RX timing parameters can contain multiple entries and include sublists (described in more detail later). Links or pointers can be provided to these sublists. Similarly, the Doppler parameters can contain multiple entries and include sublists, for which links or pointers can be provided. The radar waveform type specifies the waveform type to use. Different tuple values ​​can correspond to different waveform types. As an example only, the following values ​​and corresponding waveforms can be provided:

[0305] “0” = FMCW

[0306] "1" = Positioning Reference Signal (PRS)

[0307] "2" = Single Sideband Modulation (SSB)

[0308] “3” = Tracking Reference Signal (TRS)

[0309] “4” = Demodulation Reference Signal (DMRS)

[0310] "5" = Channel State Information Reference Signal (CSI-RS)

[0311] Various waveforms can be selected. Some waveforms, such as FMCW, can be specifically associated with radar system operation. However, other waveforms, such as PRS, SSB, TRS, DMRS, and CSI-RS, can be associated with wireless system operation. Therefore, according to embodiments of this disclosure, waveforms already existing in a wireless communication system can be used as radar signal waveforms on an opportune basis.

[0312] The radar controller 1108 (or 1110) can specify one or more parameters associated with a selected reference signal. The reference signal can be defined by selecting waveform types such as those listed above. Furthermore, the reference signal can be defined by specifying one or more other attributes. For example, radar configuration parameter list 1200 or other configuration parameters can be used to specify these attributes. Return to Reference Figure 12 The radar signal center frequency specifies the center frequency of the signal transmitted by the radar. As an example, Figure 12 The example shows a center frequency of 79 GHz. Therefore, the center frequency in this example falls within the spectrum allocated to the wireless communication system 1000 (e.g., within the 5G spectrum ranging from 300 MHz to 100 GHz). The center frequency of a radar echo signal can exhibit a Doppler shift far from the radar center frequency. This Doppler shift is discussed in more detail in later sections. The radar signal bandwidth (BW) specifies the bandwidth of the transmitted radar signal. This is only for example. Figure 12 The diagram shows a bandwidth of 2 GHz. It is expected that the radar echo signal will have the same bandwidth. The radar repetition factor specifies the number of times the radar waveform can be repeated in a given radar session (e.g., radar session 12345678). In this example, the waveform is repeated 10 times. The LFM frequency slope specifies the slope or rate of change of the frequency of the linear frequency modulation (LFM) radar waveform. Here, the slope is 100 MHz / microsecond. One type of LFM waveform is the FMCW waveform mentioned earlier.

[0313] In short, Figure 12The radar session specified herein may utilize an FMCW waveform that forms a “chirp”, repeated 10 times over a total duration of 200 microseconds. Each chirp may have a duration of 20 microseconds, during which the center frequency of the continuous wave (CW) signal increases linearly from 79 GHz to 81 GHz at a rate of 100 MHz / microsecond. Even though the CW signal has a very narrow bandwidth, the effective bandwidth of the entire scan of the FMCW signal is 2 GHz. These and other characteristics of the reference signal (in this case, the FMCW reference signal) may be specified as one or more parameters provided by the radar controller 1108 (or 1110).

[0314] Embodiments of this disclosure can utilize a wireless communication system 1000 to estimate certain physical characteristics of a radar system. For example, the distance L between TX base station 1002 and RX base station 1004 is an important figure that can be used to calculate target distance RR and other values. The resources available within the wireless communication system 1000 can provide different ways to determine L. One possibility is to use the known locations of TX base station 1002 and RX base station 1004. Such location information can be available, for example, in an almanac of collected physical descriptions available to all base stations within the wireless communication system 1000. Another possibility is to use GNSS (e.g., GPS) reports from base stations such as TX base station 1002 and RX base station 1004. Typically, GNSS reports include the locations of the base stations. Using precise longitude and latitude information available for the base station locations, the distance L between TX base station 1002 and RX base station 1004 can be calculated. Yet another possibility is to use inter-base station positioning signals to obtain the azimuth of TX base station 1002 and RX base station 1004. For example, positioning signals such as Positioning Reference Signals (PRS) can be transmitted and received between base stations using positioning technologies applicable to new radio / 5G standards. Such inter-base station positioning signals can be used to determine the orientation of TX base station 1002 and RX base station 1004, and thus determine the distance L between them.

[0315] Figure 13 An example of a TX / RX timing sublist 1300 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown. In one particular embodiment, the TX / RX timing sublist 1300 may simply be incorporated as an additional entry into the radar configuration parameter list 1200. In another particular embodiment, the TX / RX timing sublist 1300 may be a separate but linked sublist.

[0316] The timing parameters specified in the TX / RX timing sublist 1300 depend on a certain level of timing synchronization between the TX base station 1002 and the RX base station 1004. This TX / RX timing synchronization is important for many reasons. If the RX base station 1004 starts "listening" precisely at the right time (i.e., when the first expected signal arrives, which could be the LOS signal 1012 or the echo signal 1010 (or just shortly before such arrival)), the performance of the radar system can be greatly improved. If the RX base station 1004 starts listening too early, the system will prematurely activate devices such as intermediate frequency (IF) receiver hardware, wasting power and computational resources and increasing the probability of false alarms in the radar system. If the RX base station 1004 starts listening too late, the system may miss receiving the LOS signal 1012 or the echo signal 1010. If a certain level of timing synchronization can be achieved between TX base station 1002 and RX base station 1004, then, knowing when the transmit signal 1008 is sent from TX base station 1002, calculations can be performed to predict the arrival time (with a certain degree of acceptable uncertainty) of LOS signal 1012 or echo signal 1010 at RX base station 1004. In this way, RX base station 1004 can be controlled to start "listening" only at the correct time, thereby reducing unnecessary power and computational resource waste and minimizing false alarms, while ensuring that LOS signal 1012 and echo signal 1010 are not missed.

[0317] Various aspects of this disclosure advantageously utilize a wireless communication system 1000 to meet such radar TX / RX timing synchronization requirements. For example, the wireless communication system 1000 may include a 5G system (e.g., system 1100) that guarantees the timing synchronization error between any two base stations does not exceed a specific amount of time. By way of example only, the 5G system may use orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) signals for data communication and can guarantee that the timing synchronization error between any two base stations does not exceed the duration of the cyclic prefix (CP) of the OFDM signal. The CP is a time guard band that separates consecutive data symbols and provides protection against inter-symbol interference (ISI). For example, for a 60 kHz subcarrier channel, the CP duration may be 1.69 microseconds. Therefore, in this case, the wireless communication system 1000 can guarantee that the timing error between any two base stations does not exceed 1.69 microseconds. By utilizing this time synchronization guarantee, radar controller 1108 (or 1110) can more effectively control the timing of when TX base station 1002 transmits signal 1008 and when RX base station starts listening to LOS signal 1012 and echo signal 1010.

[0318] Return to reference Figure 13The TX / RX timing sublist 1300 may include the radar session ID (discussed previously), TX transmission time, expected reception time, and expected reception time uncertainty. The radar controller 1108 (or 1110) may provide all or relevant portions of the TX / RX timing sublist 1300 to the TX base station 1002 and the RX base station 1004. For example, the radar controller 1108 (or 1110) may provide the TX transmission time to the TX base station 1002, specified in this example as 20000.00 microseconds. In response, the TX base station begins transmitting the transmission signal 1008 at time 20000.00 microseconds. As an example only, the value of "20000.00 microseconds" may correspond to the time elapsed since the last "tick" of a periodic reference event / signal used for synchronizing timing across entities (e.g., all base stations and other devices) within the wireless communication network 1000.

[0319] The radar controller 1108 (or 1110) can also provide the expected reception time to the RX base station 1002, specified in this example as 20133.33 microseconds. The radar controller 1108 (or 1110) may be able to calculate the expected reception time in different ways. In one embodiment, the expected reception time can be estimated by assuming that the LOS signal 1012 is likely to arrive at the RX base station before the echo signal 1010, which is a valid assumption in many cases. Given this assumption, the expected reception time can be estimated as the TX transmission time plus the amount of time it is expected for the LOS signal 1012 to travel the distance L:

[0320] Expected reception time = L / c + TX transmission time (Equation 5)

[0321] The radar controller 1108 (or 1110) can also provide the expected reception time uncertainty, specified in this example as a pair of values: [upper bound, lower bound]. The lower bound can simply be a negative number of the network synchronization error. For example only, the network synchronization error could be 1.69 microseconds. The upper bound can include two components. The first component of the upper bound can correspond to the signal propagation time associated with the maximum possible distance to the detectable target. In one embodiment, such a maximum distance L_Max can be specified as part of the link budget. Therefore, the first component of the upper bound can be expressed as L_Max / c = L / c. The second component of the upper bound can simply be a positive number of the network synchronization error, specified in this example as 1.69 microseconds. Therefore, the expected reception time uncertainty can be expressed as:

[0322] Uncertainty about expected reception time

[0323] = [lower bound, upper bound]

[0324] = [- Network synchronization uncertainty, L_max / c - L / c + Network synchronization error] (Equation 6)

[0325] There can also be flexibility in how these and other configuration parameters are specified and communicated. For example, to specify an upper bound on the expected reception time uncertainty, it may be sufficient for the radar controller 1108 (or 1110) to simply send the value of “L_max / c + network synchronization error” to the RX base station 1004, especially if the term L / c is known locally at the RX base station 1004.

[0326] In response, RX base station 1004 may begin "listening" within the following specified time window, i.e., begin sensing LOS signal 1012 and echo signal 1010:

[0327] Expected reception time + Expected reception time uncertainty

[0328] = Expected reception time + [lower bound, upper bound]

[0329] = [Lc + TX transmission time - network synchronization uncertainty]

[0330] L_max / c + TX transmission time + network synchronization error] (Equation 7)

[0331] The above describes the TX / RX timing parameters for a bistatic radar session involving one TX base station and one RX base station. In practice, many such bistatic radar sessions (and multistatic radar sessions) can be specified in a similar manner. For each unique path L, i.e., a unique pair of TX and RX stations, the radar controller 1108 (or 1110) can specify different sets of TX / RX timing parameters. In a simple multistatic case with one transmitter and multiple receivers, the unique pair can share a common TX base station but have different RX base stations. In this case, a TX transmission time and multiple sets of expected reception times and expected reception time uncertainties can be specified.

[0332] Figure 14 An example of a Doppler sublist 1400 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown. In one particular embodiment, the Doppler sublist 1400 may simply be incorporated as an additional entry into the radar configuration parameter list 1200. In another particular embodiment, the Doppler sublist 1400 may be a separate but linked sublist.

[0333] The Doppler sublist 1400 is primarily used to estimate Doppler frequency shift and Doppler spread for the benefit of RX base station 1004. For example... Figure 14As shown, the Doppler sublist 1400 may include the radar session ID (discussed previously), the expected Doppler shift value, and the expected Doppler spread value. The radar controller 1108 (or 1110) typically provides these frequency domain parameters to enhance the performance of the RX base station 1004. The target 906 may move rapidly, which could introduce large Doppler shifts and / or Doppler spreads. By providing the Doppler sublist 1400, the radar controller 1108 (or 1110) can dynamically configure the assumed "expected Doppler shift" and "expected Doppler spread" of the RX base station 1004.

[0334] For example, in capture mode, the Doppler sublist 1400 can specify larger values ​​for the expected Doppler shift and expected Doppler spread. This allows the RX base station 1004 to receive signals over a wider range of Doppler frequencies, which improves the detection rate. (This is just an example.) Figure 14 The expected Doppler shift value is shown as 80,000 m / s and the expected Doppler spread is shown as 10,000 m / s.

[0335] Conversely, in tracking mode, the Doppler sublist 1400 can specify finer and narrower values. These values ​​can be based on the history of measurements already taken. The finer set of Doppler parameters can be focused on a specific target. An instance of the Doppler sublist 1400 can be specified for each tracked target. Therefore, a particular RX base station 1004 can receive multiple Doppler sublists 1400 corresponding to multiple targets.

[0336] Figure 12 , Figure 13 and Figure 14 The specific parameters shown are described for illustrative purposes. Depending on the implementation, certain parameters may be deleted or added, and different parameters may be specified together. However, according to embodiments of this disclosure, the configuration parameters for the TX base station and / or RX base station in a dual-station or multi-station radar system may be provided by the radar controller located within an entity in the wireless communication network (such as the core network (CN) or radio access network (RAN)).

[0337] Figure 15 The illustration shows a cellular reference signal resource configuration 1500 for Doppler estimation according to one aspect of this disclosure. Specifically, the cellular reference signal resource configuration 1500 is associated with observations of reference signals spanning sixteen (16) 0.5 ms time slots, some of which correspond to downlink “D” time slot format, while others correspond to a special “S” time slot format. In the cellular reference signal resource configuration 1500, one RS is transmitted every 14 symbols. The Doppler resolution can be characterized as 1000 / X Hz across X ms. Figure 15In the example, the Doppler resolution is 125 Hz (e.g., across 16 0.5 ms slots X = 8 ms, and 1000 / 8 = 125), and the maximum resolvable Doppler is 2000 Hz (e.g., across a single 0.5 ms slot X = 0.5 ms, and 1000 / 0.5 = 2000).

[0338] Implementations of RF radar signals also used as reference signals (e.g., DL-PRS, CSI-RS, etc.) can be difficult to implement. For example, radar signals used for target tracking may require relatively long durations in each timing or instance (e.g., due to high path loss on the NLOS path to the Rx gNB). In some designs, radar signals may only be available sporadically (e.g., non-periodicly). In some designs, it may be necessary to track or detect multiple targets, and delay estimation and Doppler estimation may be coupled.

[0339] In terms of time slot configuration, downlink (DL) time slots, uplink (UL) time slots, or flexible (FL) time slots can be used to communicate multi-station radar signals. In some designs, the Tx gNB transmitting multi-station radar signals can use DL time slots, while the Rx gNB receiving and measuring multi-station radar signals can use UL time slots.

[0340] Figure 16 An interference scenario 1600 in a wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is illustrated. In addition to further depicting UE 302, Figure 16 Similar to Figure 10 .exist Figure 16 Since LOS signal 1012 and echo signal 1010 are received in the UL time slot, there is a chance of concurrent interference with UL transmission from UE 302, as shown with respect to UL signal 1605. In this case, UL signal 1605 can increase interference to LOS signal 1012 and / or echo signal 1010 at base station 1004, or both. In some designs, base station 1004 may attempt to avoid scheduling UL signal 1605 to mitigate potential interference.

[0341] Figure 17 An interference scenario 1700 in a wireless communication system according to another embodiment of the present disclosure is illustrated. In addition to further depicting UE 302, Figure 17 Similar to Figure 10 .exist Figure 17Since LOS signal 1012 and echo signal 1010 are transmitted on the DL time slot, there is a chance of concurrent interference from base stations 1002 and / or 1004 with DL signals 1705-1710, as illustrated with respect to DL signals 1705-1710. In this case, DL signals 1705-1710 may increase interference with LOS signal 1012 and / or echo signal 1010 at UE 302, or both. In some designs, base stations 1002 and / or 1004 may attempt to avoid scheduling DL signals 1705-1710 to mitigate potential interference.

[0342] DL-PRS resources can be issued by TRP using various transport schedules (also known as transport patterns), for example:

[0343] Comb-2 {0,1} {0,1,0,1} {0,1,0,1,0,1} {0,1,0,1,0,1,0,1,0,1,0,1} Comb-4 NA {0,2,1,3} NA {0,2,1,3,0,2,1,3,0,2,1,3}} Comb-6 NA NA {0,3,1,4,2,5} {0,3,1,4,2,5,0,3,1,4,2,5} Comb-12 NA NA NA {0,6,3,9,1,7,4,10,2,8,5,11}

[0344] Table 2: PRS Resource Configuration Examples

[0345] Figures 18A-18H The diagram illustrates DL-PRS resource configurations according to various aspects of this disclosure. Figures 18A-18H In the DL-PRS resource configuration, columns represent different symbols, rows represent different subcarriers, and bolded boxes indicate resource elements (symbol-subcarrier combinations) used for TRP probing. Unprobeged resource elements can be probed by one or more other TRPs.

[0346] Figure 18A The DL-PRS resource configuration 1802 for comb-2, 2-symbol resources is shown, which has a symbol offset of three symbols in a time slot containing 14 symbols, with each symbol having 12 subcarriers. Figure 18B The DL-PRS resource configuration 1804 for comb-4, 4-symbol resources is shown. Figure 18C The DL-PRS resource configuration 1806 for comb-6, 6-symbol resources is shown. Figure 18D The DL-PRS resource configuration 1812 for comb-12, 12-symbol resources is shown. Figure 18E The DL-PRS resource configuration 1814 for comb-2, 12-symbol resources is shown. Figure 18F The DL-PRS resource configuration 1816 for comb-4 and 12-symbol resources is shown. Figure 18G The DL-PRS resource configuration 1818 for comb-2, 6-symbol resources is shown. Figure 18H The DL-PRS resource configuration 1820 for comb-6 and 12-symbol resources is shown. Figures 18A-18H Each transmission mode in the configuration has at least one probed RE in each subcarrier and is therefore a fully interleaved transmission mode. Each PRS resource is a fully interleaved resource if each DL-PRS resource configuration (or mode) corresponds to a PRS resource. DL-PRS resources can be configured in any higher-layer DL or FL symbol configuration in the time slot. The per-resource element constant energy (EPRE) of all REs for a given DL-PRS resource can be used.

[0347] PRS can include PRS resources, PRS resource sets, or PRS resources of a frequency layer. A DL PRS positioning frequency layer (or simply a frequency layer) is a collection of DL PRS resource sets with common parameters configured by the parameter DL-PRS-PositioningFrequencyLayer. Each frequency layer has the same DL PRS subcarrier spacing (SCS) for both the DL PRS resource set and the DL PRS resources within the frequency layer. Each frequency layer has the same DL PRS cyclic prefix (CP) type for both the DL PRS resource set and the DL PRS resources within the frequency layer. Furthermore, the DL PRS point A parameter defines the frequency of a reference resource block, where DL PRS resources belonging to the same DL PRS resource set have the same point A, and all DL PRS resource sets belonging to the same frequency layer have the same point A. The PRS resource sets of a frequency layer also have the same starting PRB (and center frequency) and the same comb size value.

[0348] As used herein, a positioning session may include multiple PRS instances, each PRS instance comprising a set of PRS resources. The PRS resource set, in turn, comprises multiple PRS resources. For example, in some implementations, a positioning session may span approximately 20 seconds, while each PRS instance may span approximately 160 ms. DL PRS resources may be repeated to facilitate Rx beam scans across different repetitions, combine gains for coverage extension, and / or silence within an instance. In some designs, the PRS configuration may support multiple repetition counts (PRS - ResourceRepetitionFactor) and multiple time gaps (PRS - ResourceTimeGap), as shown in Table 2:

[0349]

[0350] Table 2

[0351] Figure 19The illustration shows a PRS resource distribution 1900 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The PRS resource distribution 1900 reflects a DL-PRS resource set having 4 resources, a PRS-ResourceRepetitionFactor of 4, and a PRS-ResourceTimeGap of 1 time slot.

[0352] Figure 20 The illustration shows a PRS resource distribution 2000 according to another embodiment of the present disclosure. The PRS resource distribution 2000 reflects a DL-PRS resource set having 4 resources, a PRS-ResourceRepetitionFactor of 4, and a PRS-ResourceTimeGap of 4 time slots.

[0353] In some designs, two different PRS configurations can be used as part of a so-called two-stage PRS instance. For example, a first PRS configuration for the first stage can be used for coarse localization but without aliasing ambiguities (e.g., comb-1 or effective comb-1 after deinterlacing). For example, the first PRS configuration for the first stage can have a lower BW and a longer cycle time compared to the second PRS configuration for the second stage to reduce overhead (e.g., it can be based on SSB in some designs). For example, the first PRS configuration for the first stage can be designed to provide a localization estimate sufficient to resolve the aliasing ambiguities associated with the second PRS configuration.

[0354] In some designs, a second PRS configuration for the second stage of a two-stage PRS instance can allow aliasing ambiguities while still allowing for precise localization. For example, ambiguities associated with the second PRS configuration can be resolved using a coarse (or coarser) estimate based on the first PRS configuration. In some designs, using a two-stage PRS instance can allow the reuse of existing waveforms, such as CSI-RS or TRS. In some designs, the use of a two-stage PRS instance can implicitly indicate ambiguity resolution parameters (e.g., instructing the UE to resolve ambiguities from comb-N (N>1) in the second configuration based on the first PRS configuration). In some designs, parameters in one of the PRS configurations can be implicit or indirectly indicated based on parameters explicitly configured in the other PRS configuration (e.g., the BW of the second PRS configuration can be twice the BW of the first PRS configuration, both PRS configurations are assumed to be associated with the same periodicity, etc.). Alternatively, the first and second PRS configurations can be merged into a single PRS configuration (e.g., M OFDM symbol PRS, where the first M1 OFDM symbols are valid comb-1, and the remaining OFDM symbols are comb-N, after deinterleaving).

[0355] Refer again Figure 15As described above, transmission configurations such as Cellular Reference Signal Resource Configuration 1500 can be used to utilize Doppler-based estimations from multi-station radar. In some designs, the Doppler estimation can be based on 2D-FFT, and interpolation can be used to fill in any missing observations (e.g., due to S-slots, etc.). In Cellular Reference Signal Resource Configuration 1500, one RS is transmitted every 14 symbols; this can be referred to herein as the RS density. A higher RS ​​density (i.e., a higher target radar signal density) can facilitate more accurate target tracking at the cost of higher overhead.

[0356] In other designs, Doppler estimation can be based on the power delay distribution (PDP). In this case, the comb structure can be utilized in the frequency domain with linear preprocessing for the delay. Nonlinear processing can be performed only in the time domain to handle aperiodic RS modes. For example, all symbols can be transformed to the time domain, the Loss of Speed ​​(LoS) path and the corresponding delay for each path can be detected, and the Doppler frequency for each path can be estimated by measuring the phase rotation over time. However, two objects with the same distance but different velocities may be difficult to distinguish (e.g., therefore multi-target Doppler estimation may be required).

[0357] One or more aspects of this disclosure relate to implementations of transmission configurations for target radar signals with different target radar signal densities in the time domain. Figure 15 In contrast to the cellular reference signal resource configuration 1500, the target radar signal density can be customized within a specific time-domain portion of a particular target radar signal burst or timing. These aspects can provide various technical advantages, such as facilitating high-precision target tracking in the higher target radar signal density time portion while reducing overhead in the lower target radar signal density time portion (e.g., instead of being forced to select a target radar signal density for all time-domain portions of a particular target radar signal burst or timing, where one of target tracking accuracy or overhead is sacrificed).

[0358] Figure 21 An exemplary communication process 2100 according to various aspects of this disclosure is illustrated. In one aspect, process 2100 may be performed by a radar controller, which, as described above, may be integrated with a RAN component such as BS 304, or a core network component such as network entity 306, or an external server. In some designs, the radar controller may be integrated with a first or second wireless communication device as described above, in which case any data exchange between the radar controller and the corresponding wireless communication device will correspond to internal data transmission rather than signals for cross-network communication.

[0359] At 2110, the radar controller (e.g., processing system 384 or 394, radar component 388 or 389, etc.) determines at least one transmission configuration for a target radar signal used to sense at least one target from a first wireless communication device to a second wireless communication device. This target radar signal is used to sense at least one target. The at least one transmission configuration configures a first time-domain portion associated with a first time-domain target radar signal density and a second time-domain portion associated with a second time-domain target radar signal density different from the first time-domain target radar signal density. In some designs, the first wireless communication device may correspond to a network component (e.g., a BS 304 that can be configured as a relay, or a specific TRP associated with BS 304, etc.). In other designs, the first wireless communication device may correspond to a UE such as UE 302. In some designs, the second wireless communication device may correspond to a network component (e.g., a BS 304 that can be configured as a relay, or a specific TRP associated with BS 304, etc.). In other designs, the second wireless communication device may correspond to a UE such as UE 302. Furthermore, various arrangements of device types for the first and second wireless communication devices used to transmit target radar signals are involved (e.g., UE to BS / TRP / relay, BS / TRP / relay to UE, BS / TRP / relay to another BS / TRP / relay, etc.). In some designs, the determination at 2110 can be based on time-varying target tracking accuracy requirements (e.g., high accuracy required at the beginning, middle, or end of a sensing burst, etc.), whereby the time-domain target radar signal density is proportional to the target tracking accuracy requirements across sensing bursts.

[0360] At 2120, the radar controller (e.g., data bus 382, ​​network interface 380 or 390, etc.) sends at least one transmission configuration of the first wireless communication device and the second wireless communication device to the first wireless communication device.

[0361] Figure 22 An exemplary communication process 2200 according to various aspects of this disclosure is illustrated. In one aspect, process 2200 may be performed by a first wireless communication device. In some designs, the first wireless communication device may correspond to a network component (e.g., a BS 304 that may be configured as a relay, or a specific TRP associated with BS 304, etc.). In other designs, the wireless communication device may correspond to a UE such as UE 302. For example, regarding Figure 22 The first wireless communication device described can correspond to the above regarding Figure 21The first wireless communication device described is (e.g., a Tx gNB or UE that transmits radar signals to an Rx gNB or UE). In some designs, the radar controller may be integrated with the first wireless communication device as described above, in which case any data exchange between the radar controller and the first wireless communication device will correspond to internal data transmission rather than signals communicated across the network.

[0362] At 2210, the first wireless communication device (e.g., receiver 312 or 322, network interface 380, data bus 382, ​​etc.) receives from the radar controller at least one transmission configuration for a target radar signal from the first wireless communication device to a second wireless communication device, the target radar signal being used to sense at least one target, the at least one transmission configuration configuring a first time-domain portion associated with a first time-domain target radar signal density and a second time-domain portion associated with a second time-domain target radar signal density different from the first time-domain target radar signal density. In some designs, the second wireless communication device may correspond to a network component (e.g., a BS 304 that can be configured as a relay, or a specific TRP associated with BS 304, etc.). In other designs, the second wireless communication device may correspond to a UE such as UE 302. Furthermore, aspects relate to various arrangements of device types for the first and second wireless communication devices used to transmit the target radar signal (e.g., UE to BS / TRP / relay, BS / TRP / relay to UE, BS / TRP / relay to another BS / TRP / relay, etc.).

[0363] At 2220, the first wireless communication device (e.g., transmitter 314 or 314 or 354 or 364, radar component 342 or 388, processing system 332 or 384, etc.) transmits the target radar signal to the second wireless communication device according to the at least one transmission configuration.

[0364] Figure 23 An exemplary communication process 2300 according to various aspects of this disclosure is illustrated. In one aspect, process 2300 may be performed by a second wireless communication device. In some designs, the second wireless communication device may correspond to a network component (e.g., a BS 304 that may be configured as a relay, or a specific TRP associated with BS 304, etc.). In other designs, the second wireless communication device may correspond to a UE such as UE 302. For example, regarding Figure 23 The second wireless communication device described above can correspond to the above-mentioned Figure 21The second wireless communication device described is (e.g., an Rx gNB or UE that receives radar signals from a Tx gNB or UE). In some designs, the radar controller may be integrated with the second wireless communication device as described above. In this case, any data exchange between the radar controller and the second wireless communication device will correspond to internal data transmission, rather than signals communicated across the network.

[0365] At 2310, the second wireless communication device (e.g., receiver 312 or 322, network interface 380, data bus 382, ​​etc.) receives from the radar controller at least one transmission configuration for a target radar signal from the first wireless communication device to the second wireless communication device, the target radar signal being used to sense at least one target, the at least one transmission configuration configuring a first time-domain portion associated with a first time-domain target radar signal density and a second time-domain portion associated with a second time-domain target radar signal density different from the first time-domain target radar signal density. In some designs, the first wireless communication device may correspond to a network component (e.g., a BS 304 that may be configured as a relay, or a specific TRP associated with BS 304, etc.). In other designs, the wireless communication device may correspond to a UE such as UE 302. Furthermore, aspects relate to various arrangements of device types for the first and second wireless communication devices used to transmit the target radar signal (e.g., UE to BS / TRP / relay, BS / TRP / relay to UE, BS / TRP / relay to another BS / TRP / relay, etc.).

[0366] At 2320, the second wireless communication device (e.g., receiver 312 or 322 or 352 or 362, radar component 342 or 388, processing system 332 or 384, etc.) transmits the target radar signal to the second wireless communication device according to the at least one transmission configuration.

[0367] refer to Figures 21-23 In some designs, the target radar signal may have an OFDM waveform. In some designs, the target radar signal may be transmitted via the PHY channel or signals from cellular or sidelink technologies (e.g., PDSCH, PDCCH, CSIRS, DMRS, TRS, PSSCH, PSCCH) or new reference signal types defined within the NR RAT.

[0368] refer to Figures 21-23In some designs, the at least one transmission configuration includes a single transmission configuration configuring both the first time-domain portion and the second time-domain portion (e.g., as described above with respect to PRS configurations having different effective combs for different OFDM symbols, rather than a separate two-stage PRS configuration). In other designs, similar to the two-stage PRS configuration described above, the at least one transmission configuration may include a first transmission configuration configuring the first time-domain portion and a second transmission configuration configuring the second time-domain portion. In some designs, the first and second transmission configurations are transmitted by the radar controller to the first and second wireless communication devices at different times. In other designs, the first and second transmission configurations are transmitted by the radar controller to the first and second wireless communication devices at the same time.

[0369] refer to Figures 21-23 In some designs, the first time-domain portion and the second time-domain portion are adjacent to each other without an intermediate time gap. In other designs, a time gap is arranged between the first time-domain portion and the second time-domain portion. As will be explained in more detail below, the time gap may or may not be defined according to the discrete number of OFDM symbols. In some designs, the first time-domain portion and the second time-domain portion are associated with the timing (or burst) of the same target radar signal used to sense the at least one target.

[0370] refer to Figures 21-23 In some designs, the first time-domain portion and the second time-domain portion have the same duration. In other designs, the first time-domain portion and the second time-domain portion have different durations. In some designs, the at least one transmission configuration also includes a third time-domain portion (e.g., in some designs, any number of additional time-domain portions may also be configured). In some designs, the third time-domain portion is associated with a third time-domain target radar signal density, which may be the same as or different from the first time-domain target radar signal density or the second time-domain target radar signal density. For example, the third time-domain target may correspond to the first time-domain target radar signal density while being offset from the first time-domain portion in the time domain. The third time-domain portion may also be configured to have the same duration as one or both of the first and second time-domain portions, or alternatively, it may be configured to have a completely different duration.

[0371] Figure 24 The illustration shows a transmission configuration 2400 for target radar signal timing according to one aspect of this disclosure, the target radar signal timing being configured with a time-domain portion having different time-domain target radar signal densities. Figure 24In the transmission configuration 2400, a first time-domain portion 2402, having a duration X1 (X1 = 1.0 ms, or two 0.5 ms OFDM time slots) and a time-domain target radar signal density D1 (D1 = 4 target radar symbols per time slot), is followed by a second time-domain portion 2404, having a duration X2 (X2 = 4.0 ms, or eight 0.5 ms OFDM time slots) and a time-domain target radar signal density D2 (D2 = 1 target radar symbol per time slot). There is no time gap between the first and second time-domain portions 2402-2404 in the transmission configuration 2400.

[0372] Figure 25 The illustration shows a transmission configuration 2500 for target radar signal timing according to another aspect of this disclosure, the target radar signal timing being configured with a time-domain portion having different time-domain target radar signal densities. Figure 25 In the transmission configuration 2500, a first time-domain portion 2502, having a duration X1 (X1 = 1.0 ms, or two 0.5 ms OFDM time slots) and a time-domain target radar signal density D1 (D1 = 4 target radar symbols per time slot), is followed by a second time-domain portion 2506, having a duration X2 (X2 = 4.0 ms, or eight 0.5 ms OFDM time slots) and a time-domain target radar signal density D2 (D2 = 1 target radar symbol per time slot). In the transmission configuration 2500, a time gap (T) 2504 is arranged between the first and second time-domain portions 2502 and 2506. Figure 25 In the example, the time gap (T) 2504 has a duration of 1.0 ms or two 0.5 ms OFDM symbols.

[0373] Figure 26 The illustration shows a transmission configuration 2600 for target radar signal timing according to another aspect of this disclosure, the target radar signal timing being configured with a time-domain portion having different time-domain target radar signal densities. Figure 26 In the transmission configuration 2600, a first time-domain portion 2602, having a duration X1 (X1 = 1.0 ms, or two 0.5 ms OFDM time slots) and a time-domain target radar signal density D1 (D1 = 4 target radar symbols per time slot), is followed by a second time-domain portion 2606, having a duration X2 (X2 = 4.0 ms, or eight 0.5 ms OFDM time slots) and a time-domain target radar signal density D2 (D2 = 1 target radar symbol per time slot). In the transmission configuration 2600, a time gap (T) 2604 is arranged between the first and second time-domain portions 2602 and 2606. Figure 26In the example, the time slot (T) 2604 is less than a single 0.5 ms OFDM symbol (i.e., not defined as a discrete number of OFDM symbols). In some designs, the time slot (T) 2604 can be specified as a constant (e.g., starting in the next DL time slot after the first time domain portion 2602, or starting at a subframe boundary, or starting at a frame boundary, etc.). In some designs, the resources configured for the first and second time domain portions 2602 and 2606 can be within the same resource set, or it means that the ports transmitted in the first and second time domain portions 2602 and 2606 are the same configuration, or QCL (e.g., spatial, Doppler shift, Doppler spread, delay spread, delay shift, or a combination thereof).

[0374] Figure 27 The illustration shows a transmission configuration 2700 for target radar signal timing according to another aspect of this disclosure, the target radar signal timing being configured with a time-domain portion having different time-domain target radar signal densities. Figure 27 In the first time domain portion 2702, which has a duration X1 (X1 = 1.0 ms, or two 0.5 ms OFDM time slots) and a time domain target radar signal density D1 (D1 = 4 target radar symbols per time slot), is followed by a second time domain portion 2706, which has a duration X2 (X2 = 2.0 ms, or four 0.5 ms OFDM time slots) and a time domain target radar signal density D2 (D2 = 1 target radar symbol per time slot), followed by a third time domain portion 2710, which has a duration X1 (X1 = 1.0 ms, or two 0.5 ms OFDM time slots) and a time domain target radar signal density D1 (D1 = 4 target radar symbols per time slot). In transmission configuration 2700, a first time slot (T) 2704 is arranged between the first and second time domain portions 2702 and 2706, and a second time slot (T) 2708 is arranged between the second and third time domain portions 2706 and 2710. Figure 27 In the example, time slots (T) 2704 and 2708 each have a duration of 1.0 ms or two 0.5 ms OFDM symbols. In some designs, time slots (T) 2704 and 2708 can be specified as constants (e.g., starting in the next DL time slot after the corresponding time domain portion, or starting at a subframe boundary, or starting at a frame boundary, etc.). As an example, according to transmission configuration 2700, the second wireless communication device can know that all pilots transmitted across the first to third time portions within the corresponding configuration resources for the timing of the target radar signal are QCL or associated with the same port.

[0375] Figure 28The illustration shows a transmission configuration 2800 for target radar signal timing according to another aspect of this disclosure, the target radar signal timing being configured with a time-domain portion having different time-domain target radar signal densities. Figure 28 In the first time domain portion 2802, which has a duration X1 (X1 = 1.0 ms, or two 0.5 ms OFDM time slots) and a time domain target radar signal density D1 (D1 = 4 target radar symbols per time slot), is followed by a second time domain portion 2806, which has a duration X2 (X2 = 2.0 ms, or four 0.5 ms OFDM time slots) and a time domain target radar signal density D2 (D2 = 1 target radar symbol per time slot), followed by a third time domain portion 2810, which has a duration X1 (X1 = 1.0 ms, or two 0.5 ms OFDM time slots) and a time domain target radar signal density D3 (D3 = 2 target radar symbols per time slot). In transmission configuration 2800, a first time slot (T) 2804 is arranged between the first and second time domain portions 2802 and 2806, and a second time slot (T) 2808 is arranged between the second and third time domain portions 2806 and 2810. Figure 28 In the example, time slots (T) 2804 and 2808 each have a duration of 1.0 ms or two 0.5 ms OFDM symbols. In some designs, time slots (T) 2804 and 2808 can be specified as constants (e.g., starting in the next DL time slot after the corresponding time domain portion, or starting at a subframe boundary, or starting at a frame boundary, etc.). For example, according to transmission configuration 2800, the second wireless communication device can know that all pilots transmitted across the first to third time portions within the corresponding configuration resources for the timing of the target radar signal are QCL or associated with the same port.

[0376] As from Figures 24-28 As will be understood from the examples depicted, various combinations of time-domain target radar signal density, duration, time intervals, etc., can be implemented for various time-domain portions of various transmission configurations, according to aspects of this disclosure.

[0377] As can be seen in the detailed description above, different features are combined together in the examples. This manner of disclosure should not be construed as an intention to include more features in the example clauses than are expressly mentioned in each clause. Rather, aspects of this disclosure may include fewer features than all the features of a single disclosed example clause. Therefore, the following clauses should be considered as being incorporated herein by reference, with each clause serving as a separate example. Although each dependent clause may refer in its own way to a particular combination with one of the other clauses, aspects of that dependent clause are not limited to that particular combination. It should be understood that other example clauses may also include combinations of one or more aspects of a dependent clause with the subject matter of any other dependent or independent clause, or any feature combined with other dependent and independent clauses. These combinations are expressly included in the aspects disclosed herein unless expressly stated or readily inferred that a particular combination was not intentional (e.g., contradictory aspects, such as defining an element as both an insulator and a conductor). Furthermore, it is intended that aspects of a clause may be included in any other independent clause, even if that clause is not directly subordinate to an independent clause.

[0378] Examples of implementation methods are described in the following numbered clauses:

[0379] Clause 1. A method of operating a radar controller, comprising: determining at least one transmission configuration for a target radar signal from a first wireless communication device to a second wireless communication device, the target radar signal being used to sense at least one target, the at least one transmission configuration configuring a first time-domain portion associated with a first time-domain target radar signal density and a second time-domain portion associated with a second time-domain target radar signal density different from the first time-domain target radar signal density; and transmitting the at least one transmission configuration to the first wireless communication device and the second wireless communication device.

[0380] Clause 2. The method according to Clause 1, wherein the first wireless communication device corresponds to a base station, a transmitting / receiving point, a relay, or a user equipment (UE).

[0381] Clause 3. The method according to any one of Clauses 1 to 2, wherein the second wireless communication device corresponds to a base station, a transmitting / receiving point, a relay, or a user equipment (UE).

[0382] Clause 4. The method according to any one of Clauses 1 to 3, wherein the at least one transmission configuration includes a single transmission configuration configuring both the first time domain portion and the second time domain portion.

[0383] Clause 5. The method according to any one of Clauses 1 to 4, wherein the at least one transmission configuration includes a first transmission configuration configuring the first time domain portion, and the at least one transmission configuration includes a second transmission configuration configuring the second time domain portion.

[0384] Clause 6. The method according to Clause 5, wherein the first transmission configuration and the second transmission configuration are sent at different times.

[0385] Clause 7. The method according to any one of Clauses 1 to 6, wherein the first time domain portion and the second time domain portion are adjacent to each other without any intermediate time gap.

[0386] Clause 8. The method according to any one of Clauses 1 to 7, wherein the time domain gap is arranged between the first time domain portion and the second time domain portion.

[0387] Clause 9. The method according to any one of Clauses 1 to 8, wherein the first time domain portion and the second time domain portion are associated with the timing of the same target radar signal used to sense the at least one target.

[0388] Clause 10. The method according to any one of Clauses 1 to 9, wherein the first time-domain portion and the second time-domain portion have the same duration.

[0389] Clause 11. The method according to any one of Clauses 1 to 10, wherein the first time domain portion and the second time domain portion have different durations.

[0390] Clause 12. The method according to any one of Clauses 1 to 11, wherein the at least one transport configuration further configures a third time-domain portion.

[0391] Clause 13. The method according to Clause 12, wherein the third time-domain portion is associated with a third time-domain target radar signal density, which may be the same as or different from the first time-domain target radar signal density or the second time-domain target radar signal density.

[0392] Clause 14. A method of operating a first wireless communication device, comprising: receiving from a radar controller at least one transmission configuration for the target radar signal from the first wireless communication device to a second wireless communication device, the target radar signal being used to sense at least one target, the at least one transmission configuration configuring a first time-domain portion associated with a first time-domain target radar signal density and a second time-domain portion associated with a second time-domain target radar signal density different from the first time-domain target radar signal density; and transmitting the target radar signal to the second wireless communication device according to the at least one transmission configuration.

[0393] Clause 15. The method according to Clause 14, wherein the first wireless communication device corresponds to a base station, a transmitting / receiving point, a relay, or a user equipment (UE).

[0394] Clause 16. The method according to any one of Clauses 14 to 15, wherein the second wireless communication device corresponds to a base station, a transmitting / receiving point, a relay, or a user equipment (UE).

[0395] Clause 17. The method according to any one of Clauses 14 to 16, wherein the at least one transmission configuration includes a single transmission configuration configuring both the first time domain portion and the second time domain portion.

[0396] Clause 18. The method according to any one of Clauses 14 to 17, wherein the at least one transmission configuration includes a first transmission configuration configuring the first time domain portion, and the at least one transmission configuration includes a second transmission configuration configuring the second time domain portion.

[0397] Clause 19. The method according to Clause 18, wherein the first transmission configuration and the second transmission configuration are received at different times.

[0398] Clause 20. The method according to any one of Clauses 14 to 19, wherein the first time domain portion and the second time domain portion are adjacent to each other without any intermediate time gap.

[0399] Clause 21. The method according to any one of Clauses 14 to 20, wherein the time domain gap is arranged between the first time domain portion and the second time domain portion.

[0400] Clause 22. The method according to any one of Clauses 14 to 21, wherein the first time domain portion and the second time domain portion are associated with the timing of the same target radar signal used to sense the at least one target.

[0401] Clause 23. The method according to any one of Clauses 14 to 22, wherein the first time-domain portion and the second time-domain portion have the same duration.

[0402] Clause 24. The method according to any one of Clauses 14 to 23, wherein the first time domain portion and the second time domain portion have different durations.

[0403] Clause 25. The method according to any one of Clauses 14 to 24, wherein the at least one transport configuration further configures a third time-domain portion.

[0404] Clause 26. The method according to Clause 25, wherein the third time-domain portion is associated with a third time-domain target radar signal density, which may be the same as or different from the first time-domain target radar signal density or the second time-domain target radar signal density.

[0405] Clause 27. A method of operating a second wireless communication device, comprising: receiving from a radar controller at least one transmission configuration for a target radar signal from a first wireless communication device to the second wireless communication device, the target radar signal being used to sense at least one target, the at least one transmission configuration configuring a first time-domain portion associated with a first time-domain target radar signal density and a second time-domain portion associated with a second time-domain target radar signal density different from the first time-domain target radar signal density; and receiving the target radar signal from the first wireless communication device according to the at least one transmission configuration.

[0406] Clause 28. The method according to Clause 27, wherein the first wireless communication device corresponds to a base station, a transmitting / receiving point, a relay, or a user equipment (UE).

[0407] Clause 29. The method according to any one of Clauses 27 to 28, wherein the second wireless communication device corresponds to a base station, a transmitting / receiving point, a relay, or a user equipment (UE).

[0408] Clause 30. The method according to any one of Clauses 27 to 29, wherein the at least one transmission configuration includes a single transmission configuration configuring both the first time domain portion and the second time domain portion.

[0409] Clause 31. The method according to any one of Clauses 27 to 30, wherein the at least one transmission configuration includes a first transmission configuration configuring the first time domain portion, and the at least one transmission configuration includes a second transmission configuration configuring the second time domain portion.

[0410] Clause 32. The method according to Clause 31, wherein the first transmission configuration and the second transmission configuration are received at different times.

[0411] Clause 33. The method according to any one of Clauses 27 to 32, wherein the first time domain portion and the second time domain portion are adjacent to each other without any intermediate time gap.

[0412] Clause 34. The method according to any one of Clauses 27 to 33, wherein the time domain gap is arranged between the first time domain portion and the second time domain portion.

[0413] Clause 35. The method according to any one of Clauses 27 to 34, wherein the first time domain portion and the second time domain portion are associated with the timing of the same target radar signal used to sense the at least one target.

[0414] Clause 36. The method according to any one of Clauses 27 to 35, wherein the first time-domain portion and the second time-domain portion have the same duration.

[0415] Clause 37. The method according to any one of Clauses 27 to 36, wherein the first time-domain portion and the second time-domain portion have different durations.

[0416] Clause 38. The method according to any one of Clauses 27 to 37, wherein the at least one transport configuration further configures a third time-domain portion.

[0417] Clause 39. The method according to Clause 38, wherein the third time-domain portion is associated with a third time-domain target radar signal density, which may be the same as or different from the first time-domain target radar signal density or the second time-domain target radar signal density.

[0418] Clause 40. An apparatus comprising a memory and at least one processor communicatively coupled to the memory, the memory and the at least one processor being configured to perform a method according to any one of Clauses 1 to 39.

[0419] Clause 41. An apparatus comprising components for performing the method pursuant to any one of Clauses 1 to 39.

[0420] Clause 42. A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing computer-executable instructions, the computer-executable instructions including at least one instruction for causing a computer or processor to perform a method according to any one of Clauses 1 to 39.

[0421] Those skilled in the art will understand that information and signals can be represented using any of a variety of different techniques and skills. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, and chips that may be referenced throughout the above description can be represented by voltage, current, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or particles, light fields or particles, or any combination thereof.

[0422] Furthermore, those skilled in the art will appreciate that the various illustrative logic blocks, modules, circuits, and algorithmic steps described in conjunction with the aspects disclosed herein can be implemented as electronic hardware, computer software, or a combination of both. To clearly illustrate this interchangeability between hardware and software, various illustrative components, blocks, modules, circuits, and steps have been described above in general terms of their functionality. Whether this functionality is implemented as hardware or software depends on the specific application and the design constraints imposed on the system as a whole. Those skilled in the art may implement the described functionality in different ways for each specific application, but such implementation decisions should not be construed as departing from the scope of this disclosure.

[0423] The various illustrative logic blocks, modules, and circuits described in connection with the aspects disclosed herein can be implemented or executed using a general-purpose processor, DSP, ASIC, FPGA, or other programmable logic device designed to perform the functions described herein, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof. The general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor, but alternatively, the processor may be any conventional processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine. The processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices, such as a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, multiple microprocessors, one or more microprocessors combined with a DSP core, or any other such configuration.

[0424] The methods, sequences, and / or algorithms described in conjunction with the aspects disclosed herein can be implemented directly in hardware, in a software module executed by a processor, or a combination of both. The software module can reside in random access memory (RAM), flash memory, read-only memory (ROM), erasable programmable ROM (EPROM), electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM), registers, hard disks, removable disks, CD-ROMs, or any other form of storage medium known in the art. An exemplary storage medium is coupled to a processor such that the processor can read information from and write information to the storage medium. Alternatively, the storage medium can be integrated into the processor. The processor and storage medium can reside in an ASIC. The ASIC can reside in a user terminal (e.g., a UE). Alternatively, the processor and storage medium can reside as discrete components in the user terminal.

[0425] In one or more exemplary aspects, the described functionality can be implemented in hardware, software, firmware, or any combination thereof. If implemented in software, these functions can be stored as one or more instructions or code on or transmitted over a computer-readable medium. A computer-readable medium includes both computer storage media and communication media, encompassing any medium that facilitates the transfer of a computer program from one place to another. A storage medium can be any available medium accessible to a computer. By way of example and not limitation, such a computer-readable medium can include RAM, ROM, EEPROM, CD-ROM or other optical disc storage, disk storage media or other magnetic storage devices, or any other medium that can be used to carry or store desired program code in the form of instructions or data structures and is accessible to a computer. Furthermore, any connection is appropriately referred to as a computer-readable medium. For example, if software is transmitted from a website, server, or other remote source using coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, digital subscriber line (DSL), or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio, and microwave, then coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, DSL, or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio, and microwave are included in the definition of medium. As used herein, disks and optical discs include compact discs (CDs), laser discs, optical discs, digital versatile discs (DVDs), floppy disks, and Blu-ray discs, where disks typically reproduce data magnetically, while optical discs reproduce data optically using lasers. Combinations of these should also be included within the scope of computer-readable media.

[0426] While the foregoing disclosure illustrates illustrative aspects of this disclosure, it should be noted that various changes and modifications may be made herein without departing from the scope of this disclosure as defined by the appended claims. The functions, steps, and / or actions of the method claims according to the aspects of this disclosure described herein need not be performed in any particular order. Furthermore, although elements of this disclosure may be described or claimed in the singular, the plural form is contemplated unless expressly stated to be limited to the singular.

Claims

1. A method for operating a radar controller, comprising: Determine at least one transmission configuration for a target radar signal used to sense at least one target from a first wireless communication device to a second wireless communication device. The at least one transmission configuration configures a periodic time-domain portion, the periodic time-domain portion including a first time-domain portion associated with a first periodicity and a first time-domain target radar signal density, and a second time-domain portion associated with a second periodicity and a second time-domain target radar signal density different from the first time-domain target radar signal density. The first time-domain target radar signal density includes a first set of target radar signals, and the second time-domain target radar signal density includes a second set of target radar signals. as well as Send the at least one transmission configuration to the first wireless communication device and the second wireless communication device.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the first wireless communication device corresponds to a base station, a transmitting / receiving point, a relay, or a user equipment (UE).

3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the second wireless communication device corresponds to a base station, a transmitting / receiving point, a relay, or a user equipment (UE).

4. The method of claim 1, wherein the at least one transmission configuration includes a single transmission configuration configuring both the first time domain portion and the second time domain portion.

5. The method according to claim 1, The at least one transmission configuration includes a first transmission configuration that configures the first time domain portion, and The at least one transmission configuration includes a second transmission configuration that configures the second time domain portion.

6. The method of claim 5, wherein the first transmission configuration and the second transmission configuration are sent at different times.

7. The method of claim 1, wherein the first time domain portion and the second time domain portion are adjacent to each other without any intermediate time gap.

8. The method of claim 1, wherein the time domain gap is arranged between the first time domain portion and the second time domain portion.

9. The method of claim 1, wherein the first time domain portion and the second time domain portion are associated with the timing of the same target radar signal used to sense the at least one target.

10. The method of claim 1, wherein the first time-domain portion and the second time-domain portion have the same duration.

11. The method of claim 1, wherein the first time-domain portion and the second time-domain portion have different durations.

12. The method of claim 1, wherein the at least one transmission configuration further configures a third time-domain portion.

13. The method of claim 12, wherein the third time-domain portion is associated with a third time-domain target radar signal density, the third time-domain target radar signal density being the same as or different from the first time-domain target radar signal density or the second time-domain target radar signal density.

14. A method of operating a first wireless communication device, comprising: The radar controller receives at least one transmission configuration for a target radar signal from the first wireless communication device to the second wireless communication device, the target radar signal being used to sense at least one target. The at least one transmission configuration configures a periodic time-domain portion, the periodic time-domain portion including a first time-domain portion associated with a first periodicity and a first time-domain target radar signal density, and a second time-domain portion associated with a second periodicity and a second time-domain target radar signal density different from the first time-domain target radar signal density, the first time-domain target radar signal density containing a first set of target radar signals, and the second time-domain target radar signal density containing a second set of target radar signals. as well as The target radar signal is transmitted to the second wireless communication device according to the at least one transmission configuration.

15. The method of claim 14, wherein the first wireless communication device corresponds to a base station, a transmitting / receiving point, a relay, or a user equipment (UE).

16. The method of claim 14, wherein the second wireless communication device corresponds to a base station, a transmitting / receiving point, a relay, or a user equipment (UE).

17. The method of claim 14, wherein the at least one transmission configuration includes a single transmission configuration configuring both the first time domain portion and the second time domain portion.

18. The method according to claim 14, The at least one transmission configuration includes a first transmission configuration that configures the first time domain portion, and The at least one transmission configuration includes a second transmission configuration that configures the second time domain portion.

19. The method of claim 18, wherein the first transmission configuration and the second transmission configuration are received at different times.

20. The method of claim 14, wherein the first time domain portion and the second time domain portion are adjacent to each other without any intermediate time gap.

21. The method of claim 14, wherein the time domain gap is arranged between the first time domain portion and the second time domain portion.

22. The method of claim 14, wherein the first time-domain portion and the second time-domain portion are associated with the timing of the same target radar signal used to sense the at least one target.

23. The method of claim 14, wherein the first time-domain portion and the second time-domain portion have the same duration.

24. The method of claim 14, wherein the first time-domain portion and the second time-domain portion have different durations.

25. The method of claim 14, wherein the at least one transmission configuration further configures a third time-domain portion.

26. The method of claim 25, wherein the third time-domain portion is associated with a third time-domain target radar signal density, the third time-domain target radar signal density being the same as or different from the first time-domain target radar signal density or the second time-domain target radar signal density.

27. A method of operating a second wireless communication device, comprising: The radar controller receives at least one transmission configuration for receiving target radar signals from a first wireless communication device to a second wireless communication device, the target radar signals being used to sense at least one target. The at least one transmission configuration configures a periodic time-domain portion, the periodic time-domain portion including a first time-domain portion associated with a first periodicity and a first time-domain target radar signal density, and a second time-domain portion associated with a second periodicity and a second time-domain target radar signal density different from the first time-domain target radar signal density, the first time-domain target radar signal density containing a first set of target radar signals, and the second time-domain target radar signal density containing a second set of target radar signals. as well as The target radar signal is received from the first wireless communication device according to the at least one transmission configuration.

28. The method of claim 27, wherein the first wireless communication device corresponds to a base station, a transmitting / receiving point, a relay, or a user equipment (UE).

29. The method of claim 27, wherein the second wireless communication device corresponds to a base station, a transmitting / receiving point, a relay, or a user equipment (UE).

30. The method of claim 27, wherein the at least one transmission configuration includes a single transmission configuration configuring both the first time domain portion and the second time domain portion.

31. The method according to claim 27, The at least one transmission configuration includes a first transmission configuration that configures the first time domain portion, and The at least one transmission configuration includes a second transmission configuration that configures the second time domain portion.

32. The method of claim 31, wherein the first transmission configuration and the second transmission configuration are received at different times.

33. The method of claim 27, wherein the first time domain portion and the second time domain portion are adjacent to each other without any intermediate time gap.

34. The method of claim 27, wherein the time domain gap is arranged between the first time domain portion and the second time domain portion.

35. The method of claim 27, wherein the first time-domain portion and the second time-domain portion are associated with the timing of the same target radar signal used to sense the at least one target.

36. The method of claim 27, wherein the first time-domain portion and the second time-domain portion have the same duration.

37. The method of claim 27, wherein the first time-domain portion and the second time-domain portion have different durations.

38. The method of claim 27, wherein the at least one transmission configuration further configures a third time-domain portion.

39. The method of claim 38, wherein the third time-domain portion is associated with a third time-domain target radar signal density, the third time-domain target radar signal density being the same as or different from the first time-domain target radar signal density or the second time-domain target radar signal density.

40. A radar controller, comprising: Memory; At least one transceiver; as well as At least one processor communicatively coupled to the memory and the at least one transceiver, the at least one processor being configured to: Determine at least one transmission configuration for a target radar signal used to sense at least one target from a first wireless communication device to a second wireless communication device. The at least one transmission configuration configures a periodic time-domain portion, the periodic time-domain portion including a first time-domain portion associated with a first periodicity and a first time-domain target radar signal density, and a second time-domain portion associated with a second periodicity and a second time-domain target radar signal density different from the first time-domain target radar signal density. The first time-domain target radar signal density includes a first set of target radar signals, and the second time-domain target radar signal density includes a second set of target radar signals. as well as Send the at least one transmission configuration to the first wireless communication device and the second wireless communication device.

41. The radar controller of claim 40, wherein the first wireless communication device corresponds to a base station, a transmitting / receiving point, a relay, or a user equipment (UE).

42. The radar controller of claim 40, wherein the second wireless communication device corresponds to a base station, a transmitting / receiving point, a relay, or a user equipment (UE).

43. The radar controller of claim 40, wherein the at least one transmission configuration includes a single transmission configuration configuring both the first time domain portion and the second time domain portion.

44. The radar controller according to claim 40, The at least one transmission configuration includes a first transmission configuration that configures the first time domain portion, and The at least one transmission configuration includes a second transmission configuration that configures the second time domain portion.

45. The radar controller of claim 44, wherein the first transmission configuration and the second transmission configuration are transmitted at different times.

46. ​​The radar controller of claim 40, wherein the first time domain portion and the second time domain portion are adjacent to each other without an intermediate time gap.

47. The radar controller of claim 40, wherein the time domain gap is arranged between the first time domain portion and the second time domain portion.

48. The radar controller of claim 40, wherein the first time-domain portion and the second time-domain portion are associated with the timing of the same target radar signal used to sense the at least one target.

49. The radar controller of claim 40, wherein the first time domain portion and the second time domain portion have the same duration.

50. The radar controller of claim 40, wherein the first time domain portion and the second time domain portion have different durations.

51. The radar controller of claim 40, wherein the at least one transmission configuration further comprises a third time-domain portion.

52. The radar controller of claim 51, wherein the third time-domain portion is associated with a third time-domain target radar signal density, the third time-domain target radar signal density being the same as or different from the first time-domain target radar signal density or the second time-domain target radar signal density.

53. A first wireless communication device, comprising: Memory; At least one transceiver; as well as At least one processor communicatively coupled to the memory and the at least one transceiver, the at least one processor being configured to: The radar controller receives at least one transmission configuration for a target radar signal from the first wireless communication device to the second wireless communication device, the target radar signal being used to sense at least one target. The at least one transmission configuration configures a periodic time-domain portion, the periodic time-domain portion including a first time-domain portion associated with a first periodicity and a first time-domain target radar signal density, and a second time-domain portion associated with a second periodicity and a second time-domain target radar signal density different from the first time-domain target radar signal density, the first time-domain target radar signal density containing a first set of target radar signals, and the second time-domain target radar signal density containing a second set of target radar signals. as well as The target radar signal is transmitted to the second wireless communication device according to the at least one transmission configuration.

54. The first wireless communication device according to claim 53, wherein the first wireless communication device corresponds to a base station, a transmitting / receiving point, a relay, or a user equipment (UE).

55. The first wireless communication device according to claim 53, wherein the second wireless communication device corresponds to a base station, a transmitting / receiving point, a relay, or a user equipment (UE).

56. The first wireless communication device of claim 53, wherein the at least one transmission configuration includes a single transmission configuration configuring both the first time-domain portion and the second time-domain portion.

57. The first wireless communication device according to claim 53, The at least one transmission configuration includes a first transmission configuration that configures the first time domain portion, and The at least one transmission configuration includes a second transmission configuration that configures the second time domain portion.

58. The first wireless communication device according to claim 57, wherein the first transmission configuration and the second transmission configuration are received at different times.

59. The first wireless communication device according to claim 53, wherein the first time domain portion and the second time domain portion are adjacent to each other without an intermediate time gap.

60. The first wireless communication device of claim 53, wherein a time domain gap is arranged between the first time domain portion and the second time domain portion.

61. The first wireless communication device of claim 53, wherein the first time domain portion and the second time domain portion are associated with the timing of the same target radar signal used to sense the at least one target.

62. The first wireless communication device according to claim 53, wherein the first time-domain portion and the second time-domain portion have the same duration.

63. The first wireless communication device according to claim 53, wherein the first time-domain portion and the second time-domain portion have different durations.

64. The first wireless communication device according to claim 53, wherein the at least one transmission configuration further comprises a third time-domain portion.

65. The first wireless communication device according to claim 64, wherein the third time-domain portion is associated with a third time-domain target radar signal density, the third time-domain target radar signal density being the same as or different from the first time-domain target radar signal density or the second time-domain target radar signal density.

66. A second wireless communication device, comprising: Memory; At least one transceiver; as well as At least one processor communicatively coupled to the memory and the at least one transceiver, the at least one processor being configured to: The radar controller receives at least one transmission configuration for receiving target radar signals from a first wireless communication device to a second wireless communication device, the target radar signals being used to sense at least one target. The at least one transmission configuration configures a periodic time-domain portion, the periodic time-domain portion including a first time-domain portion associated with a first periodicity and a first time-domain target radar signal density, and a second time-domain portion associated with a second periodicity and a second time-domain target radar signal density different from the first time-domain target radar signal density, the first time-domain target radar signal density containing a first set of target radar signals, and the second time-domain target radar signal density containing a second set of target radar signals. as well as The target radar signal is received from the first wireless communication device according to the at least one transmission configuration.

67. The second wireless communication device according to claim 66, wherein the first wireless communication device corresponds to a base station, a transmitting / receiving point, a relay, or a user equipment (UE).

68. The second wireless communication device according to claim 66, wherein the second wireless communication device corresponds to a base station, a transmitting / receiving point, a relay, or a user equipment (UE).

69. The second wireless communication device of claim 66, wherein the at least one transmission configuration includes a single transmission configuration configuring both the first time domain portion and the second time domain portion.

70. The second wireless communication device according to claim 66, The at least one transmission configuration includes a first transmission configuration that configures the first time domain portion, and The at least one transmission configuration includes a second transmission configuration that configures the second time domain portion.

71. The second wireless communication device according to claim 70, wherein the first transmission configuration and the second transmission configuration are received at different times.

72. The second wireless communication device according to claim 66, wherein the first time domain portion and the second time domain portion are adjacent to each other without an intermediate time gap.

73. The second wireless communication device of claim 66, wherein a time domain gap is arranged between the first time domain portion and the second time domain portion.

74. The second wireless communication device of claim 66, wherein the first time-domain portion and the second time-domain portion are associated with the timing of the same target radar signal used to sense the at least one target.

75. The second wireless communication device according to claim 66, wherein the first time-domain portion and the second time-domain portion have the same duration.

76. The second wireless communication device of claim 66, wherein the first time-domain portion and the second time-domain portion have different durations.

77. The second wireless communication device according to claim 66, wherein the at least one transmission configuration further comprises a third time-domain portion.

78. The second wireless communication device according to claim 77, wherein the third time-domain portion is associated with a third time-domain target radar signal density, the third time-domain target radar signal density being the same as or different from the first time-domain target radar signal density or the second time-domain target radar signal density.

79. A radar controller, comprising: Components for determining at least one transmission configuration for a target radar signal from a first wireless communication device to a second wireless communication device, the target radar signal being used to sense at least one target, the at least one transmission configuration configuring a periodic time-domain portion, the periodic time-domain portion including a first time-domain portion associated with a first periodicity and a first time-domain target radar signal density, and a second time-domain portion associated with a second periodicity and a second time-domain target radar signal density different from the first time-domain target radar signal density, the first time-domain target radar signal density containing a first set of target radar signals, and the second time-domain target radar signal density containing a second set of target radar signals; as well as A component for transmitting the at least one transmission configuration to the first wireless communication device and the second wireless communication device.

80. The radar controller of claim 79, wherein the at least one transmission configuration includes a single transmission configuration configuring both the first time domain portion and the second time domain portion.

81. The radar controller according to claim 79, The at least one transmission configuration includes a first transmission configuration that configures the first time domain portion, and The at least one transmission configuration includes a second transmission configuration that configures the second time domain portion.

82. The radar controller of claim 79, wherein the first time domain portion and the second time domain portion are adjacent to each other without any intermediate time gap.

83. The radar controller of claim 79, wherein the time domain gap is arranged between the first time domain portion and the second time domain portion.

84. The radar controller of claim 79, wherein the first time-domain portion and the second time-domain portion are associated with the timing of the same target radar signal used to sense the at least one target.

85. A first wireless communication device, comprising: Components for receiving from a radar controller at least one transmission configuration for a target radar signal from a first wireless communication device to a second wireless communication device, the target radar signal being used to sense at least one target, the at least one transmission configuration configuring a periodic time-domain portion, the periodic time-domain portion including a first time-domain portion associated with a first periodicity and a first time-domain target radar signal density, and a second time-domain portion associated with a second periodicity and a second time-domain target radar signal density different from the first time-domain target radar signal density, the first time-domain target radar signal density containing a first set of target radar signals, and the second time-domain target radar signal density containing a second set of target radar signals; as well as A component for transmitting the target radar signal to the second wireless communication device according to the at least one transmission configuration.

86. The first wireless communication device of claim 85, wherein the at least one transmission configuration includes a single transmission configuration configuring both the first time-domain portion and the second time-domain portion.

87. The first wireless communication device according to claim 85, The at least one transmission configuration includes a first transmission configuration that configures the first time domain portion, and The at least one transmission configuration includes a second transmission configuration that configures the second time domain portion.

88. The first wireless communication device according to claim 85, wherein the first time domain portion and the second time domain portion are adjacent to each other without an intermediate time gap.

89. The first wireless communication device of claim 85, wherein a time domain gap is arranged between the first time domain portion and the second time domain portion.

90. The first wireless communication device of claim 85, wherein the first time-domain portion and the second time-domain portion are associated with the timing of the same target radar signal used to sense the at least one target.

91. A second wireless communication device, comprising: Components for receiving from a radar controller at least one transmission configuration for a target radar signal from a first wireless communication device to a second wireless communication device, the target radar signal being used to sense at least one target, the at least one transmission configuration configuring a periodic time-domain portion, the periodic time-domain portion including a first time-domain portion associated with a first periodicity and a first time-domain target radar signal density, and a second time-domain portion associated with a second periodicity and a second time-domain target radar signal density different from the first time-domain target radar signal density, the first time-domain target radar signal density containing a first set of target radar signals, and the second time-domain target radar signal density containing a second set of target radar signals; as well as A component for receiving the target radar signal from the first wireless communication device according to the at least one transmission configuration.

92. The second wireless communication device of claim 91, wherein the at least one transmission configuration includes a single transmission configuration configuring both the first time domain portion and the second time domain portion.

93. The second wireless communication device according to claim 91, The at least one transmission configuration includes a first transmission configuration that configures the first time domain portion, and The at least one transmission configuration includes a second transmission configuration that configures the second time domain portion.

94. The second wireless communication device according to claim 91, wherein the first time domain portion and the second time domain portion are adjacent to each other without an intermediate time gap.

95. The second wireless communication device according to claim 91, wherein the time domain gap is arranged between the first time domain portion and the second time domain portion.

96. The second wireless communication device of claim 91, wherein the first time-domain portion and the second time-domain portion are associated with the timing of the same target radar signal used to sense the at least one target.

97. A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing an instruction set, the instruction set comprising one or more instructions, which, when executed by one or more processors of a radar controller, cause the radar controller to: Determine at least one transmission configuration for target radar signals from a first wireless communication device to a second wireless communication device, the target radar signals being used to sense at least one target, the at least one transmission configuration configuring a periodic time-domain portion, the periodic time-domain portion including a first time-domain portion associated with a first periodicity and a first time-domain target radar signal density, and a second time-domain portion associated with a second periodicity and a second time-domain target radar signal density different from the first time-domain target radar signal density, the first time-domain target radar signal density containing a first set of target radar signals, the second time-domain target radar signal density containing a second set of target radar signals; and Send the at least one transmission configuration to the first wireless communication device and the second wireless communication device.

98. A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing a set of instructions, the set of instructions comprising one or more instructions, which, when executed by one or more processors of a first wireless communication device, cause the first wireless communication device to: The radar controller receives at least one transmission configuration for target radar signals from the first wireless communication device to the second wireless communication device, the target radar signals being used to sense at least one target. The at least one transmission configuration configures a periodic time-domain portion, the periodic time-domain portion including a first time-domain portion associated with a first periodicity and a first time-domain target radar signal density, and a second time-domain portion associated with a second periodicity and a second time-domain target radar signal density different from the first time-domain target radar signal density. The first time-domain target radar signal density includes a first set of target radar signals, and the second time-domain target radar signal density includes a second set of target radar signals. The target radar signal is transmitted to the second wireless communication device according to the at least one transmission configuration.

99. A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing an instruction set, the instruction set comprising one or more instructions, which, when executed by one or more processors of a second wireless communication device, cause the second wireless communication device to: The radar controller receives at least one transmission configuration for receiving target radar signals from a first wireless communication device to a second wireless communication device, the target radar signals being used to sense at least one target. The at least one transmission configuration configures a periodic time-domain portion, the periodic time-domain portion including a first time-domain portion associated with a first periodicity and a first time-domain target radar signal density, and a second time-domain portion associated with a second periodicity and a second time-domain target radar signal density different from the first time-domain target radar signal density, the first time-domain target radar signal density containing a first set of target radar signals, and the second time-domain target radar signal density containing a second set of target radar signals; and The target radar signal is received from the first wireless communication device according to the at least one transmission configuration.

100. A computer program product comprising computer-readable instructions, which, when executed by a processor of a radar controller, cause the processor to perform the method of any one of claims 1-13.

101. A computer program product comprising computer-readable instructions, which, when executed by a processor of a first wireless communication device, cause the processor to perform the method of any one of claims 14-26.

102. A computer program product comprising computer-readable instructions, which, when executed by a processor of a second wireless communication device, cause the processor to perform the method of any one of claims 27-39.

Images