A vacuum steam explosion method and system

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of vacuum steam explosion method and system, mainly including vacuum steam explosion plenum tank, vacuum steam explosion decompression tank, vacuum steam explosion tank equipment, cyclone separator and water vapor compressor;Above-mentioned equipment is by pipeline, control valve, pump body Multiple-source vacuum unit, steam explosion steam supplement unit, steam explosion plenum unit, steam explosion decompression unit, steam explosion separation unit and steam explosion energy recovery unit are formed, above Each part can be independently operated.The cell structure of the material of the application is broken, the extraction efficiency of effective component in the material and the final yield are improved;Realize the efficient energy recovery of steam explosion steam source, reduce the input and consumption of primary energy, play a good energy-saving effect;Through the way of multiple-source vacuum, reduce the influence of non-condensable gas on steam explosion steam supplement, steam explosion plenum, steam explosion decompression, steam explosion separation and steam explosion energy recovery part, increase the actual pressure difference change of steam explosion process, make steam explosion process more environmental protection, efficient, energy-saving.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a vacuum steam explosion method and system in the field of raw material pretreatment technology. The method and system enhance the material crushing process, realize efficient energy recovery of the steam explosion steam source, increase the actual pressure difference change in the steam explosion process, and make the steam explosion process more environmentally friendly, efficient, and energy-saving. Background Technology

[0002] Steam explosion involves placing materials in a high-pressure, sealed environment and introducing high-temperature, high-pressure steam into the raw material. The steam penetrates deeply into the material's tissues and cells, releasing high pressure within milliseconds. This causes the moisture in the raw material to rapidly expand and overflow, creating a powerful shear force that disrupts the cellular structure, ultimately producing an "explosion" effect. This process can promote the release of active ingredients and modify macromolecules, enhancing their functional properties and improving extraction efficiency. Steam explosion is an emerging processing method that utilizes high-temperature, high-pressure steam to cook raw materials and then instantly depressurizes and explodes them, altering their physicochemical properties. It is increasingly widely used in energy, chemical, agricultural, food, and pharmaceutical fields and has broad application prospects in raw material pretreatment.

[0003] Currently, the main focus is on exploring the effects of temperature, pressure, and holding time on the steam explosion effect. Conventional steam explosions typically use saturated steam as the gaseous medium, where temperature and pressure are directly correlated, resulting in a proportional increase in both chemical and physical effects. The steam explosion process mainly includes two stages: a high-temperature cooking stage and a momentary explosion. During the steam explosion, both the hydrothermal chemical effects determined by the cooking temperature and the physical explosion effects determined by the explosion pressure contribute substantially to the material's explosion. Steam explosion can achieve multiple effects, including component separation, structural changes, and chemical decomposition of raw materials. It can effectively disrupt cell structure and promote the degradation of components such as hemicellulose, cellulose, and lignin, increasing the effective specific surface area of ​​the reaction, enhancing reagent accessibility, and thus improving the yield of the target extract.

[0004] CN 1 14001063A relates to a material vapor explosion control device and method, which reduces the driving force requirement of the power cylinder by adding an electromagnetic device. CN 114916400A discloses a succulent plant cultivation substrate prepared by vapor explosion of camphor wood chips, which significantly improves the propagation speed of succulent plants. CN 114259063A discloses a method for preparing highly water-soluble dietary fiber soybean residue by vapor explosion treatment, which increases the yield of water-soluble dietary fiber in soybean residue. CN108450989A provides a pulsed vacuum vapor explosion processing method and device for food raw materials, realizing integrated processing of crushing, gelatinization, puffing and drying of various food raw materials such as grains, fruits and vegetables, meat and bones, and seafood. All of the above patents are completely different from this invention, with obvious essential differences, and no similar invention has been proposed.

[0005] From a techno-economic perspective, this invention proposes a vacuum steam explosion method and system that can enhance the cell structure disruption process of materials such as food, traditional Chinese medicine, and biomass, improve the extraction efficiency and final yield of effective components, achieve efficient energy recovery from the steam explosion source, reduce the impact of non-condensable gases on steam explosion replenishment, pressurization, depressurization, separation, and energy recovery, increase the actual pressure difference changes in the pressurization and depressurization sections, eliminate any waste heat emissions, and achieve more significant energy savings, while also providing good economic and environmental benefits. Therefore, this method and system are of great significance for improving the quality and efficiency of food, traditional Chinese medicine, and biomass materials, as well as for energy conservation and emission reduction. Summary of the Invention

[0006] (a) Technical problems to be solved

[0007] The technical problem to be solved by this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the existing technology, and to improve the extraction efficiency of effective components by strengthening the crushing process of materials such as food, Chinese medicinal materials, and biomass, and to realize the efficient energy recovery of steam explosion source, thereby reducing the input and consumption of primary energy. Therefore, a vacuum steam explosion method and system are proposed.

[0008] (II) Technical Solution

[0009] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the technical solution of the present invention is as follows:

[0010] This invention provides a vacuum steam explosion system, the system equipment mainly including a vacuum steam explosion booster tank, a vacuum steam explosion depressurization tank, a vacuum steam explosion tank device, a cyclone separator, and a steam compressor; the above equipment is composed of a multi-source vacuum pumping unit, a steam explosion steam replenishment unit, a steam explosion booster unit, a steam explosion depressurization unit, a steam explosion separation unit, and a steam explosion energy recovery unit through pipelines, control valves, and pumps, and each of the above parts can be operated independently;

[0011] The multi-source vacuum unit is used to extract the air from the vacuum explosion booster tank, vacuum explosion depressurizer tank, vacuum explosion tank equipment, and cyclone separator to create a vacuum negative pressure environment.

[0012] The steam explosion replenishment unit replenishes steam at any time by inputting water vapor into the vacuum steam explosion booster tank;

[0013] The steam explosion pressurization unit inputs high-temperature saturated steam from the vacuum steam explosion pressurization tank into the vacuum steam explosion tank equipment to complete the pressurization;

[0014] The steam explosion pressure reduction unit reduces pressure by transferring steam from the vacuum steam explosion tank to the vacuum steam explosion pressure booster tank;

[0015] The vapor explosion separation unit separates gas, liquid, and solid components by conveying the steam from the vacuum vapor explosion pressure reducing tank and vacuum vapor explosion tank equipment to the cyclone separator.

[0016] The steam explosion energy recovery unit compresses the steam separated by the cyclone separator into a steam compressor, separates the gas and liquid in the vacuum steam explosion booster tank, and recycles the compressed and separated gas and liquid.

[0017] Furthermore, the multi-source vacuum pumping unit is connected to the steam explosion replenishment unit, steam explosion boosting unit, steam explosion depressurization unit, steam explosion separation unit, and steam explosion energy recovery unit, respectively, and is also connected to the vacuum steam explosion boosting tank, vacuum steam explosion tank equipment, vacuum steam explosion depressurization tank, cyclone separator, and steam compressor.

[0018] Furthermore, the multi-source vacuum pumping unit includes a cooling water inlet pipe, a vacuum pump, and a vacuum water outlet pipe connected in sequence, as well as vacuum pipes I, II, III, and IV that connect the vacuum pump to the vacuum explosion pressurization tank, the vacuum explosion depressurization tank, the vacuum explosion tank equipment, and the cyclone separator, respectively; an inlet valve is installed on the cooling water inlet pipe, and an outlet valve is installed on the vacuum water outlet pipe; vacuum valves I, II, III, and IV are installed on vacuum pipes I, II, III, and IV, respectively.

[0019] Furthermore, the steam explosion replenishment unit includes a vacuum steam explosion booster tank, a steam inlet pipe for inputting water vapor into the vacuum steam explosion booster tank, a drain pipe for draining water from the vacuum steam explosion booster tank, and a drain pump connected to the drain pipe. A steam valve is installed on the steam inlet pipe, a drain valve I is installed on the drain pipe, and a drain valve IV is installed on the outlet pipe of the drain pump.

[0020] Furthermore, the steam explosion booster unit includes a vacuum steam explosion tank device, a steam supply pipe for inputting high-temperature saturated steam from the vacuum steam explosion booster tank to the vacuum steam explosion tank device, a steam explosion valve I installed on the steam supply pipe, a drain pump for draining liquid from the vacuum steam explosion tank device by means of driving force, and a drain valve installed on the drain outlet pipe of the drain pump.

[0021] Furthermore, the steam explosion pressure reduction unit includes a vacuum steam explosion pressure reduction tank, a pipe connecting the vacuum steam explosion pressure reduction tank and the vacuum steam explosion tank equipment, a steam explosion valve II installed on the pipe, a water outlet pipe for draining water from the vacuum steam explosion pressure reduction tank, a drain valve II installed on the water outlet pipe, and the water outlet pipe is connected to a drain pump.

[0022] Furthermore, the vapor explosion separation unit comprises two parts. The first part includes a connecting pipe 1 that connects the vacuum vapor explosion pressure reducing tank to the cyclone separator, and a vapor explosion valve III installed on the connecting pipe 1. The second part includes a connecting pipe 2 that connects the vacuum vapor explosion tank equipment to the cyclone separator, and a vapor explosion valve IV installed on the connecting pipe 2. In addition, a drain pipe with a drain valve III installed is provided at the end of the cyclone separator, and the drain pipe is connected to a drain pump.

[0023] Furthermore, the steam explosion energy recovery unit includes a steam pipeline for transporting steam compressed by the steam compressor to the vacuum steam explosion booster tank, an exhaust valve and a check valve arranged sequentially in the steam pipeline according to the steam flow direction, a circulating water pump and a circulating water pipe for extracting the liquid after gas-liquid separation in the vacuum steam explosion booster tank and transporting it to the steam compressor, and a circulating water valve installed on the circulating water pipe.

[0024] The present invention also provides a method for performing vacuum steam explosion using the above-described system, comprising the following steps:

[0025] S1. Load the steam explosion material into the vacuum steam explosion tank equipment. The multi-source vacuum unit extracts the air from the vacuum steam explosion booster tank, vacuum steam explosion depressurizer tank, vacuum steam explosion tank equipment, and cyclone separator to form a vacuum negative pressure environment.

[0026] S2. Continuously input water vapor into the vacuum steam explosion pressurization tank to generate high-temperature saturated steam in the vacuum steam explosion pressurization tank, and then quickly flow into the vacuum steam explosion tank equipment for pressurization;

[0027] S3. Open the steam explosion valve between the vacuum steam explosion tank equipment and the vacuum steam explosion pressure reducing tank, quickly reduce the pressure in the vacuum steam explosion pressure reducing tank, maintain it for a short period of time, and then close the steam explosion valve to complete the instantaneous steam explosion process.

[0028] S4. During the steam explosion process, the steam from the vacuum steam explosion pressure reducing tank and the vacuum steam explosion tank equipment is transported to the cyclone separator for gas, liquid and solid separation. The separated steam then enters the steam compressor for compression and the vacuum steam explosion pressure tank for gas-liquid separation. The compressed and separated gas is recycled and the liquid enters the steam compressor for recycling.

[0029] (III) Beneficial Effects

[0030] After adopting the above technical solution, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0031] (1) This method and system greatly enhance the cell structure breaking process of food, Chinese medicinal materials, biomass and other materials, making them easier to pulverize;

[0032] (2) This method and system greatly improve the extraction efficiency and final yield of effective components in food, Chinese medicinal materials, biomass and other materials;

[0033] (3) This method and system realize the efficient energy recovery process of steam explosion steam source, reduce the input and consumption of primary energy, and achieve a good energy saving effect;

[0034] (4) This method and system reduce the impact of non-condensable gases on the steam explosion replenishment, steam explosion pressurization, steam explosion depressurization, steam explosion separation and steam explosion energy recovery by using multi-source vacuuming, and increase the actual pressure difference change of the steam explosion pressurization and steam explosion depressurization parts, making the steam explosion process more efficient and reasonable.

[0035] (5) Compared with other steam explosion methods and systems, this method and system has a wider range of applications, no waste heat is discharged, no environmental pollution is caused, the energy saving effect is more significant, the production cost is reduced, the quality of material pretreatment is improved, and it has good economic and environmental benefits. Attached Figure Description

[0036] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0037] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a vacuum steam explosion system according to the present invention.

[0038] The symbols in the diagram represent the following: 1-Exhaust valve, 2-Check valve, 3-Vacuum explosion pressure booster tank, 4-Drain valve, 5-Drain valve IV, 6-Drain pump, 7-Drain pump, 8-Drain valve I, 9-Drain valve II, 10-Drain valve III, 11-Vacuum explosion pressure reducing tank, 12-Circulating water pump, 13-Explosion valve II, 14-Circulating water valve, 15-Explosion valve III, 16-Cyclone separator, 17-Steam compressor, 18-Vacuum valve IV, 19-Vacuum valve III, 20-Explosion valve IV, 21-Vacuum valve II, 22-Vacuum explosion tank equipment, 23-Explosion valve I, 24-Vacuum valve I, 25-Outlet valve, 26-Vacuum pump, 27-Inlet valve, 28-Steam valve. Detailed Implementation

[0039] To make the content of this invention easier to understand, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments and accompanying drawings.

[0040] like Figure 1 As shown, a vacuum steam explosion method and system are disclosed. The vacuum steam explosion system mainly includes a vacuum steam explosion pressurization tank 3, a vacuum steam explosion depressurization tank 11, a vacuum steam explosion tank device 22, a cyclone separator 16, and a steam compressor 17. The above devices are connected by pipelines, control valves, and pumps to form a multi-source vacuum pumping unit, a steam explosion steam replenishment unit, a steam explosion pressurization unit, a steam explosion depressurization unit, a steam explosion separation unit, and a steam explosion energy recovery unit. Each of the above parts can be operated independently.

[0041] The multi-source vacuum pumping unit is connected to the steam explosion replenishment unit, steam explosion boosting unit, steam explosion depressurization unit, steam explosion separation unit, and steam explosion energy recovery unit, respectively, and is intersected with the vacuum steam explosion boosting tank 3, the vacuum steam explosion tank equipment 22, the vacuum steam explosion depressurization tank 11, the cyclone separator 16, and the steam compressor 17.

[0042] Preferably, such as Figure 1 As shown, the multi-source vacuum pumping unit includes a cooling water inlet pipe, a vacuum pump 26, and a vacuum water outlet pipe connected in sequence, as well as vacuum pipes I, II, III, and IV that connect the vacuum pump 26 to the vacuum explosion pressurization tank 3, the vacuum explosion depressurization tank 11, the vacuum explosion tank equipment 22, and the cyclone separator 16, respectively; an inlet valve 27 is installed on the cooling water inlet pipe, and an outlet valve 25 is installed on the vacuum water outlet pipe; vacuum valves I 24, II 21, III 19, and IV 18 are installed on vacuum pipes I, II, III, and IV, respectively.

[0043] The multi-source vacuum pumping unit is used to cool the intake of multiple source gases separately and then directly discharge them, and can form a near-absolute vacuum negative pressure environment to provide vacuum negative pressure conditions for the subsequent vacuum steam explosion process; specifically: before the steam explosion begins, it is mainly used to extract air from the vacuum steam explosion booster tank 3, and after the steam explosion begins, it is mainly used to extract non-condensable gases from the vacuum steam explosion booster tank 3; before the steam explosion begins, it is mainly used to extract air from the vacuum steam explosion tank equipment 22, and after the steam explosion begins, it is mainly used to extract non-condensable gases and residual steam from the vacuum steam explosion tank equipment 22; before the steam explosion begins, it is mainly used to extract air from the vacuum steam explosion pressure reducing tank 11, and after the steam explosion begins, it is mainly used to extract non-condensable gases and residual steam from the vacuum steam explosion pressure reducing tank 11; before the steam explosion begins, it is mainly used to extract air from the cyclone separator 16, and after the steam explosion begins, it is mainly used to extract non-condensable gases and residual steam from the cyclone separator 16.

[0044] The specific workflow of the multi-source vacuum pumping unit is as follows:

[0045] First, open the inlet valve 27, and the cooling water enters the vacuum pump (26) through the cooling water inlet pipe. Then open the outlet valve 25 to drain the vacuum water. Second, close the other valves between the vacuum explosion pressurization tank 3 and the outside world, and open the vacuum valve I 24 to extract air from the vacuum explosion pressurization tank 3 until the vacuum degree is stable. Then close the vacuum valve I 24. Third, close the other valves between the vacuum explosion tank equipment 22 and the outside world, and open the vacuum valve II 21 to extract air from the vacuum explosion tank equipment 22 until the vacuum degree is stable. Then close the vacuum valve II 21. Then, close the other valves between the vacuum explosion pressure reducing tank 11 and the outside world, and open the vacuum valve III 19 to extract air from the vacuum explosion pressure reducing tank 22 until the vacuum degree is stable. Then close the vacuum valve III 19. Finally, close the other valves between the cyclone separator 16 and the outside world, and open the vacuum valve IV 18 to extract air from the cyclone separator 16 until the vacuum degree is stable. Then close the vacuum valve IV 18. This completes the entire multi-source vacuuming process.

[0046] Preferably, such as Figure 1 As shown, the steam explosion replenishment unit includes a vacuum steam explosion booster tank 3, a steam inlet pipe for inputting water vapor into the vacuum steam explosion booster tank 3, a drain pipe for draining water from the vacuum steam explosion booster tank 3, and a drain pump 7 connected to the drain pipe. A steam valve 28 is installed on the steam inlet pipe, a drain valve I 8 is installed on the drain pipe, and a drain valve IV 5 is installed on the outlet pipe of the drain pump 7.

[0047] The specific process for steam explosion-assisted steam replenishment is as follows:

[0048] First, steam valve 28 is opened, and steam enters the vacuum explosion pressurization tank 3 for stable steam pressurization. Once the working pressure is reached, steam valve 28 is closed. Second, after the working pressure in the vacuum explosion pressurization tank 3 drops to the set value, steam valve 28 can be automatically opened again to replenish steam and pressurize at any time. Then, if the amount of non-condensable gas in the vacuum explosion pressurization tank 3 increases over time during the steam explosion process, vacuum valve I 24 can be opened to extract the non-condensable gas. Finally, if the vacuum explosion pressurization tank 3 needs to be drained, it is sent through drain valve I 8 to drain pump 7 and then to drain valve IV 5, where it flows out to the drain outlet.

[0049] Preferably, such as Figure 1 As shown, the steam explosion pressurization unit includes a vacuum steam explosion tank device 22, a steam supply pipe for inputting high-temperature saturated steam from the vacuum steam explosion pressurization tank 3 to the vacuum steam explosion tank device 22, a steam explosion valve I 23 installed on the steam supply pipe, a drain pump 6 driven by a driving force for draining liquid from the vacuum steam explosion tank device 22, and a drain valve 4 installed on the drain outlet pipe of the drain pump 6.

[0050] The specific working process of the steam explosion booster unit is as follows:

[0051] First, the explosive material is loaded into the vacuum explosion tank 22 with a suitable loading coefficient. Second, the multi-source vacuum pumping unit extracts air from the vacuum explosion tank 22 until the vacuum level stabilizes, then the vacuum valve II21 is closed. Then, the explosion valve I23 is opened, and high-temperature saturated steam is rapidly introduced into the vacuum explosion tank 22 and maintained for a short period of time before the explosion valve I23 is closed. Finally, if the vacuum explosion tank 22 needs to be drained, it is pumped into the drain valve 4 by the drain pump 6, and then flows out to the drain outlet.

[0052] Preferably, such as Figure 1 As shown, the steam explosion pressure reduction unit includes a vacuum steam explosion pressure reduction tank 11, a pipe connecting the vacuum steam explosion pressure reduction tank 11 and the vacuum steam explosion tank equipment 22, a steam explosion valve II 13 installed on the pipe, a water outlet pipe for draining water from the vacuum steam explosion pressure reduction tank 11, a drain valve II 9 installed on the water outlet pipe, and the water outlet pipe is connected to the drain pump 7.

[0053] The specific steam explosion decompression process is as follows:

[0054] First, based on the steam explosion pressurization process, the steam explosion valve II 13 is opened to rapidly depressurize the vacuum steam explosion pressure reducing tank 11 and maintain it for a short period of time before closing the steam explosion valve II 13, thus completing the instantaneous steam explosion process. Finally, if the vacuum steam explosion pressure reducing tank 11 needs to be drained, it is sent through the drain valve II 9 and the drain pump 7 to the drain valve IV 5, thus flowing out to the drain outlet.

[0055] Preferably, such as Figure 1 As shown, the vapor explosion separation unit comprises two parts. The first part includes a connecting pipe 1 connecting the vacuum vapor explosion pressure reducing tank 11 to the cyclone separator 16 and a vapor explosion valve III15 installed on the connecting pipe 1. The second part includes a connecting pipe 2 connecting the vacuum vapor explosion tank 11 to the cyclone separator 16 and a vapor explosion valve IV20 installed on the connecting pipe 2. In addition, a drain pipe with a drain valve III10 installed at the end of the cyclone separator 16 is provided, and the drain pipe is connected to the drain pump 7.

[0056] The specific workflow of the vapor explosion separation unit is as follows:

[0057] First, the steam explosion valve III15 is opened, and the steam from the vacuum steam explosion pressure reducing tank 11 enters the cyclone separator 16 for gas-liquid-solid separation. Second, the steam explosion valve IV20 is opened, and the steam from the vacuum steam explosion tank equipment 22 enters the cyclone separator 16 for gas-liquid-solid separation. Then, the steam separated by the cyclone separator 16 enters the steam compressor 17. Finally, the liquid separated by the cyclone separator 16 flows through the drain valve III10, through the drain pump 7, and out of the drain outlet through the drain valve IV5.

[0058] Preferably, such as Figure 1 As shown, the steam explosion energy recovery unit includes a steam pipeline for transporting steam compressed by the steam compressor 17 to the vacuum steam explosion booster tank 3; an exhaust valve 1 and a check valve 2 arranged sequentially in the steam flow direction on the steam pipeline; a circulating water pump 12 and a circulating water pipe for extracting the liquid after gas-liquid separation in the vacuum steam explosion booster tank 3 and transporting it to the steam compressor 17; and a circulating water valve 14 installed on the circulating water pipe. The specific steam explosion energy recovery process is as follows:

[0059] First, the steam separated by the cyclone separator 16 enters the steam compressor 17; second, after compression, it enters the exhaust valve 1; third, after passing through the check valve 2, it directly enters the vacuum steam explosion booster tank 3 for gas-liquid separation, and the separated gas is recycled; then, the separated liquid flows through the circulating water pump 12 and the circulating water valve 14, and then enters the steam compressor 17 for recycling; finally, the excess liquid enters the drain pump 7 through the drain valve I 8, and flows out of the drain outlet through the drain valve IV 5.

[0060] The specific embodiments described above further illustrate the technical problems, technical solutions, and beneficial effects of the present invention. It should be understood that the above descriptions are merely specific embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A vacuum steam explosion system, characterized in that: The system equipment mainly includes a vacuum steam explosion booster tank (3), a vacuum steam explosion depressurization tank (11), a vacuum steam explosion tank device (22), a cyclone separator (16), and a steam compressor (17); the above equipment is composed of a multi-source vacuum pumping unit, a steam explosion replenishment unit, a steam explosion booster unit, a steam explosion depressurization unit, a steam explosion separation unit, and a steam explosion energy recovery unit through pipelines, control valves, and pumps. Each of the above parts can be operated independently. The multi-source vacuum pumping unit is used to extract the air inside the vacuum explosion booster tank (3), vacuum explosion depressurization tank (11), vacuum explosion tank equipment (22), and cyclone separator (16) to form a vacuum negative pressure environment; The steam explosion replenishment unit replenishes steam at any time by inputting water vapor into the vacuum steam explosion booster tank (3); The steam explosion pressurization unit inputs high-temperature saturated steam from the vacuum steam explosion pressurization tank (3) to the vacuum steam explosion tank equipment (22) to complete the pressurization; The steam explosion pressure reduction unit reduces pressure by transporting the steam in the vacuum steam explosion tank equipment (22) to the vacuum steam explosion pressure booster tank (3); The vapor explosion separation unit separates gas, liquid, and solid by transporting the steam from the vacuum vapor explosion pressure reducing tank (11) and the vacuum vapor explosion tank equipment (22) to the cyclone separator (16). The steam explosion energy recovery unit puts the steam separated by the cyclone separator (16) into the steam compressor (17) for compression, and separates the gas and liquid in the vacuum steam explosion booster tank (3). The compressed and separated gas is recycled, and the liquid is recycled into the steam compressor (17). The multi-source vacuum pumping unit is connected to the steam explosion replenishment unit, steam explosion boosting unit, steam explosion depressurization unit, steam explosion separation unit, and steam explosion energy recovery unit, respectively, and is intersected with the vacuum steam explosion boosting tank (3), vacuum steam explosion tank equipment (22), vacuum steam explosion depressurization tank (11), cyclone separator (16), and steam compressor (17). The steam explosion booster unit includes a vacuum steam explosion tank device (22), a steam transmission pipe for inputting high-temperature saturated steam from the vacuum steam explosion booster tank (3) to the vacuum steam explosion tank device (22), a steam explosion valve I (23) installed on the steam transmission pipe, a drain pump (6) for draining liquid from the vacuum steam explosion tank device (22) by driving force, and a drain valve (4) installed on the drain outlet pipe of the drain pump (6). The vapor explosion pressure reduction unit includes the vacuum vapor explosion pressure reduction tank (11), a pipe connecting the vacuum vapor explosion pressure reduction tank (11) and the vacuum vapor explosion tank equipment (22), a vapor explosion valve II (13) installed on the pipe, a water outlet pipe for draining water from the vacuum vapor explosion pressure reduction tank (11), a drain valve II (9) installed on the water outlet pipe, and the water outlet pipe is connected to the drain pump (7).

2. The vacuum steam explosion system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The multi-source vacuum pumping unit includes a cooling water inlet pipe, a vacuum pump (26) and a vacuum water outlet pipe connected in sequence, and vacuum pipes I, II, III and IV respectively connecting the vacuum pump (26) to the vacuum explosion booster tank (3), the vacuum explosion depressurization tank (11), the vacuum explosion tank equipment (22) and the cyclone separator (16); an inlet valve (27) is installed on the cooling water inlet pipe and an outlet valve (25) is installed on the vacuum water outlet pipe; vacuum valves I (24), II (21), III (19) and IV (18) are respectively installed on vacuum pipes I, II, III and IV.

3. The vacuum steam explosion system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The steam explosion replenishment unit includes a vacuum steam explosion booster tank (3), a steam inlet pipe for inputting water vapor into the vacuum steam explosion booster tank (3), a drain pipe for draining water from the vacuum steam explosion booster tank (3), and a drain pump (7) connected to the drain pipe. A steam valve (28) is installed on the steam inlet pipe, a drain valve I (8) is installed on the drain pipe, and a drain valve IV (5) is installed on the outlet pipe of the drain pump (7).

4. The vacuum steam explosion system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The vapor explosion separation unit comprises two parts. The first part includes a connecting pipe 1 that connects the vacuum vapor explosion pressure reducing tank (11) to the cyclone separator (16) and a vapor explosion valve III (15) installed on the connecting pipe 1. The second part includes a connecting pipe 2 that connects the vacuum vapor explosion tank equipment (11) to the cyclone separator (16) and a vapor explosion valve IV (20) installed on the connecting pipe 2. In addition, a drain pipe with a drain valve III (10) is installed at the end of the cyclone separator (16), and the drain pipe is connected to a drain pump (7).

5. The vacuum steam explosion system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The steam explosion energy recovery unit includes a steam pipe that transports the steam compressed by the steam compressor (17) to the vacuum steam explosion booster tank (3), an exhaust valve (1) and a check valve (2) arranged in sequence according to the steam flow direction, a circulating water pump (12) and a circulating water pipe that extracts the liquid after gas-liquid separation in the vacuum steam explosion booster tank (3) and transports it to the steam compressor (17), and a circulating water valve (14) installed on the circulating water pipe.

6. A method for performing vacuum steam explosion using the system described in any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, The method includes the following steps: S1. Load the steam explosion material into the vacuum steam explosion tank equipment (22). The multi-source vacuum pumping unit extracts the air from the vacuum steam explosion booster tank (3), the vacuum steam explosion pressure reducing tank (11), the vacuum steam explosion tank equipment (22), and the cyclone separator (16) to form a vacuum negative pressure environment. S2. Continuously input water vapor into the vacuum steam explosion booster tank (3) to generate high-temperature saturated steam in the vacuum steam explosion booster tank (3), and then quickly flow into the vacuum steam explosion tank equipment (22) for pressurization; S3. Open the steam explosion valve between the vacuum steam explosion tank equipment (22) and the vacuum steam explosion pressure reducing tank (11), quickly reduce the pressure in the vacuum steam explosion pressure reducing tank (11), maintain it for a short period of time, and then close the steam explosion valve to complete the instantaneous steam explosion process. S4. During the steam explosion process, the steam from the vacuum steam explosion pressure reducing tank (11) and the vacuum steam explosion tank equipment (22) is transported to the cyclone separator (16) for gas, liquid and solid separation. The separated steam enters the water steam compressor (17) for compression and the vacuum steam explosion pressure tank (3) for gas-liquid separation. The compressed and separated gas is recycled and the liquid enters the water steam compressor (17) for recycling.

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