Antenna structure and electronic equipment
By setting dielectrics with different dielectric constants around the antenna, the problem of high coupling between antennas was solved, achieving a reduction in coupling without increasing the size of the device or affecting performance, thus reducing production costs and weight.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Patents(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- VIVO MOBILE COMM CO LTD
- Filing Date
- 2023-05-18
- Publication Date
- 2026-07-17
AI Technical Summary
Existing technologies for reducing inter-antenna coupling typically require increasing the distance between antennas, achieving orthogonal polarization, or adding isolation walls, which increases the size of electronic devices and affects antenna performance.
By placing a medium with different dielectric constants around the antenna, the electromagnetic properties of the medium can be used to change the coupling between antennas, reducing the coupling degree without increasing the size of the device or affecting its performance.
Without increasing the size of the equipment or affecting the antenna performance, the coupling between antennas can be effectively reduced, production costs can be lowered, and the weight of the antenna structure can be reduced.
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Figure CN116470278B_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This application relates to the field of communication technology, and in particular to an antenna structure and electronic device. Background Technology
[0002] With the development of electronic devices and communication technologies, in order to adapt to more and more application scenarios and meet user needs, the number of antennas in electronic devices is increasing, the antenna distribution is becoming denser, and the coupling between antennas is also increasing, which affects the communication quality of electronic devices.
[0003] In related technologies, methods such as increasing the distance between antennas, orthogonalizing antenna polarization, and adding isolation walls are mainly used to reduce the coupling between antennas. However, these methods increase the size of electronic devices and affect antenna performance. Summary of the Invention
[0004] This application provides an antenna structure and electronic device that can reduce the coupling between antennas without increasing the size of the electronic device or affecting the antenna performance.
[0005] In a first aspect, embodiments of this application provide an antenna structure, including:
[0006] Antenna ground plane, N pairs of antennas, and at least two dielectric materials with different dielectric constants;
[0007] In this configuration, N pairs of antennas are connected to the antenna ground plane, the first antenna and the second antenna are coupled, and the outer periphery of the first antenna and the second antenna is provided with a medium having different dielectric constants. The first antenna and the second antenna are two antennas included in any pair of antennas in the N pairs of antennas, where N is a positive integer.
[0008] Secondly, embodiments of this application provide an electronic device, including the antenna structure provided in the first aspect of embodiments of this application.
[0009] In the embodiments of this application, by providing at least part or all of the dielectric materials with different dielectric constants on the outer periphery of the two antennas in each pair of antennas, it is possible to reduce the coupling between antennas without increasing the distance between antennas, ensuring orthogonal polarization between antennas, or adding isolation walls, etc., without increasing the size of electronic devices or affecting antenna performance. Attached Figure Description
[0010] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments of this application will be briefly introduced below. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.
[0011] Figure 1This is a first cross-sectional view of the antenna structure provided in the embodiments of this application;
[0012] Figure 2 This is a second cross-sectional view of the antenna structure provided in the embodiments of this application;
[0013] Figure 3 This is a third cross-sectional view of the antenna structure provided in the embodiments of this application;
[0014] Figure 4 This is a first schematic diagram of antenna isolation provided in the embodiments of this application;
[0015] Figure 5 This is a first schematic diagram of the coupling current distribution provided in the embodiments of this application;
[0016] Figure 6 This is a second schematic diagram of the coupling current distribution provided in the embodiments of this application;
[0017] Figure 7 This is a fourth cross-sectional view of the antenna structure provided in the embodiments of this application;
[0018] Figure 8 This is a second schematic diagram of antenna isolation provided in the embodiments of this application;
[0019] Figure 9 This is the fifth cross-sectional view of the antenna structure provided in the embodiments of this application;
[0020] Figure 10 This is a third schematic diagram of antenna isolation provided in the embodiments of this application;
[0021] Figure 11 This is the sixth cross-sectional view of the antenna structure provided in the embodiments of this application;
[0022] Figure 12 This is the seventh cross-sectional view of the antenna structure provided in the embodiments of this application;
[0023] Figure 13 This is a fourth schematic diagram of antenna isolation provided in the embodiments of this application;
[0024] Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram of the hardware structure of an electronic device that implements the embodiments of this application. Detailed Implementation
[0025] The embodiments of this application will now be described in detail. Examples of these embodiments are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain this application, and should not be construed as limiting this application. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this application without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of this application.
[0026] The terms "first" and "second" in the specification and claims of this application may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In the description of this application, unless otherwise stated, "multiple" means two or more. Furthermore, "and / or" in the specification and claims indicates at least one of the connected objects, and the character " / " generally indicates that the preceding and following objects are in an "or" relationship.
[0027] In the description of this application, it should be understood that the terms "longitudinal", "lateral", "up", "down", "front", "middle", "rear", "left", "right", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this application.
[0028] In the description of this application, it should be noted that, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "linking" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application based on the specific circumstances.
[0029] The antenna structure and electronic equipment provided in this application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
[0030] This application provides an antenna structure comprising: an antenna ground plane, N pairs of antennas, and at least two dielectric materials with different dielectric constants; wherein, the N pairs of antennas are connected to the antenna ground plane, the first antenna and the second antenna are coupled, and the outer periphery of the first antenna and the second antenna is provided with dielectric materials with different dielectric constants, and the first antenna and the second antenna are two antennas included in any pair of antennas in the N pairs of antennas, where N is a positive integer.
[0031] In some possible implementations of the embodiments of this application, the first antenna and the second antenna can be inverted-F antennas (IFA), with one end of the branches of the first antenna and the second antenna spaced apart from each other, and the other end serving as a grounding terminal, which is located away from the ground. That is, the first antenna and the second antenna are combined to form an IFA-type antenna.
[0032] For example, such as Figure 1 As shown. Figure 1 This is a first cross-sectional view of the antenna structure provided in the embodiments of this application. Figure 1 The antenna structure shown includes an antenna ground plane 10, a pair of IFA antennas (antenna 21 and antenna 22), and two dielectrics with different dielectric constants (dielectric 31 and dielectric 32). The outer periphery of antenna 21 is entirely covered by dielectric 31, and the outer periphery of antenna 22 is entirely covered by dielectric 32.
[0033] For example, such as Figure 2 As shown. Figure 2 This is a second cross-sectional view of the antenna structure provided in the embodiments of this application. Figure 2 The antenna structure shown includes an antenna ground plane 10, two pairs of IFA antennas, and three dielectric materials (dielectric 31, dielectric 32, and dielectric 33) with different dielectric constants. One pair of IFA antennas includes antenna 21 and antenna 22, and the other pair includes antenna 23 and antenna 24. The entire outer periphery of antenna 21 is covered with dielectric 31, the entire outer periphery of antenna 22 is covered with dielectric 32, the entire outer periphery of antenna 23 is covered with dielectric 31, and the entire outer periphery of antenna 24 is covered with dielectric 33.
[0034] For example, such as Figure 3 As shown. Figure 3 This is a third cross-sectional view of the antenna structure provided in the embodiments of this application. Figure 3 The antenna structure shown includes an antenna ground plane 10, two pairs of IFA antennas, and three dielectric materials (dielectric 31, dielectric 32, and dielectric 33) with different dielectric constants. One pair of IFA antennas includes antenna 21 and antenna 22, and the other pair includes antenna 23 and antenna 24. The entire outer periphery of antenna 21 is covered with dielectric 31, and the entire outer periphery of antenna 22 is covered with dielectric 32. The entire outer periphery of antenna 23 is covered with dielectric 31, and the outer periphery of antenna 24 is covered with dielectric 33 except at its endpoints.
[0035] In some possible implementations of the embodiments of this application, isolation is typically used to characterize the strength of antenna coupling; the greater the antenna isolation, the lower the antenna coupling, and the smaller the antenna isolation, the higher the antenna coupling.
[0036] The following simulation demonstrates how to improve antenna isolation and reduce antenna coupling.
[0037] For example, combined Figure 1 Assume antenna 21 is 25 mm long, antenna 22 is 75 mm long, and the distance between the metal stubs of antennas 21 and 22 (i.e., the break length) is 1 mm. Antenna 21 operates at a high frequency, and antenna 22 operates at a low frequency.
[0038] Keeping the dielectric constant of dielectric 31 constant at 1, and increasing the dielectric constant of dielectric 32 from 1 to 3, the isolation between the two antennas is as follows: Figure 4 As shown. Figure 4 This is a first schematic diagram of antenna isolation provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 4 In the diagram, curve 91 represents the isolation between the two antennas when the dielectric constant of dielectric 32 is 1; curve 92 represents the isolation between the two antennas when the dielectric constant of dielectric 32 is 2; and curve 93 represents the isolation between the two antennas when the dielectric constant of dielectric 32 is 3. Figure 4 It can be seen that as the dielectric constant of dielectric 32 increases, the isolation between the two antennas also increases, and the coupling between the two antennas decreases accordingly.
[0039] When the dielectric constant of the medium surrounding antennas 21 and 22 (i.e., mediums 31 and 32) is 1, the excitation of antenna 21 results in poor isolation between the two antennas. Taking the point of highest coupling between the two antennas (2.87 GHz) as an example, the coupling current distribution of the two antennas is as follows: Figure 5 As shown, Figure 5 This is a first schematic diagram of the coupling current distribution provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 5 In the process, the coupling current between the two antennas is very strong. When the dielectric constant of dielectric 31 is increased to 3, the coupling current between the two antennas at the same frequency is as follows: Figure 6 As shown, Figure 6 This is a second schematic diagram of the coupling current distribution provided in the embodiments of this application. Compared to Figure 5 The coupling current of antenna 22 is significantly reduced, and the coupling degree of the two antennas is reduced.
[0040] In some possible implementations of the embodiments of this application, a dielectric is provided on the outer periphery of the first antenna and the second antenna near the antenna floor.
[0041] For example, such as Figure 7 As shown, Figure 7 This is the fourth cross-sectional view of the antenna structure provided in the embodiments of this application. Figure 7The antenna structure shown includes an antenna ground plane 10, a pair of IFA antennas (antenna 21 and antenna 22), and two dielectrics with different dielectric constants (dielectric 31 and dielectric 32). Dielectric 31 is disposed on the outer periphery of antenna 21 near the antenna ground plane 10, and dielectric 32 is disposed on the outer periphery of antenna 22 near the antenna ground plane 10.
[0042] Assume antenna 21 is 25mm long, antenna 22 is 75mm long, and the distance between the metal stubs of antennas 21 and 22 is 1mm. Antenna 21 operates at a high frequency, and antenna 22 operates at a low frequency.
[0043] Keeping the dielectric constant of dielectric 31 constant at 1, and increasing the dielectric constant of dielectric 32 from 1 to 3, the isolation between the two antennas is as follows: Figure 8 As shown. Figure 8 This is a second schematic diagram of antenna isolation provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 8 In the diagram, curve 91 represents the isolation between the two antennas when the dielectric constant of dielectric 32 is 1; curve 92 represents the isolation between the two antennas when the dielectric constant of dielectric 32 is 2; and curve 93 represents the isolation between the two antennas when the dielectric constant of dielectric 32 is 3. Figure 8 It can be seen that as the dielectric constant of dielectric 32 increases, the isolation between the two antennas also increases, and the coupling between the two antennas decreases accordingly.
[0044] For example, such as Figure 9 As shown, Figure 9 This is the fifth cross-sectional view of the antenna structure provided in the embodiments of this application. Figure 9 The antenna structure shown includes an antenna ground plane 10, a pair of IFA antennas (antenna 21 and antenna 22), and two dielectrics with different dielectric constants (dielectric 31 and dielectric 32). Dielectric 31 is disposed on the outer periphery of antenna 21 near the antenna ground plane 10, and dielectric 32 is disposed on the outer periphery of antenna 22 near the antenna ground plane 10. Compared to Figure 7 A portion of the medium is disposed on the outer periphery of the antenna near the antenna floor 10.
[0045] Assume that antenna 21 is 25mm long, antenna 22 is 75mm long, and the distance between the metal stubs of antennas 21 and 22 is 1mm. Antenna 21 operates at a high frequency, and antenna 22 operates at a low frequency.
[0046] Keeping the dielectric constant of dielectric 31 constant at 1, and increasing the dielectric constant of dielectric 32 from 1 to 3, the isolation between the two antennas is as follows: Figure 10 As shown. Figure 10 This is a third schematic diagram of antenna isolation provided in the embodiments of this application. Figure 10In the diagram, curve 91 represents the isolation between the two antennas when the dielectric constant of dielectric 32 is 1; curve 92 represents the isolation between the two antennas when the dielectric constant of dielectric 32 is 2; and curve 93 represents the isolation between the two antennas when the dielectric constant of dielectric 32 is 3. Figure 10 It can be seen that as the dielectric constant of dielectric 32 increases, the isolation between the two antennas also increases, and the coupling between the two antennas decreases accordingly.
[0047] In the embodiments of this application, while increasing the isolation between antennas and reducing the coupling between antennas, it is possible to reduce the processing difficulty, meet the requirements of appearance consistency, reduce production costs, and reduce the weight of the antenna structure.
[0048] In some possible implementations of the embodiments of this application, a dielectric is provided on the outer periphery of the first antenna and the second antenna away from the antenna floor.
[0049] For example, such as Figure 11 As shown, Figure 11 This is the sixth cross-sectional view of the antenna structure provided in the embodiments of this application. Figure 11 The antenna structure shown includes an antenna ground plane 10, a pair of IFA antennas (antenna 21 and antenna 22), and two dielectrics with different dielectric constants (dielectric 31 and dielectric 32). Dielectric 31 is disposed on the outer periphery of antenna 21 away from antenna ground plane 10, and dielectric 32 is disposed on the outer periphery of antenna 22 away from antenna ground plane 10.
[0050] In the embodiments of this application, while increasing the isolation between antennas and reducing the coupling between antennas, it is possible to reduce production costs and the weight of the antenna structure.
[0051] In some possible implementations of the embodiments of this application, the outer periphery of the first antenna and the second antenna, excluding the portions opposite to each other, is provided with a dielectric.
[0052] For example, such as Figure 12 As shown, Figure 12 This is the seventh cross-sectional view of the antenna structure provided in the embodiments of this application. Figure 12 The antenna structure shown includes an antenna ground plane 10, a pair of IFA antennas (antenna 21 and antenna 22), and two dielectrics with different dielectric constants (dielectric 31 and dielectric 32). The outer periphery of antenna 21, except for the portion opposite to antenna 22, is provided with dielectric 31, and the outer periphery of antenna 22, except for the portion opposite to antenna 21, is provided with dielectric 32.
[0053] Assume that antenna 21 is 25mm long, antenna 22 is 75mm long, and the distance between the metal stubs of antennas 21 and 22 is 1mm. Antenna 21 operates at a high frequency, and antenna 22 operates at a low frequency.
[0054] Keeping the dielectric constant of dielectric 31 constant at 1, and increasing the dielectric constant of dielectric 32 from 1 to 3, the isolation between the two antennas is as follows: Figure 13 As shown. Figure 13 This is a fourth schematic diagram of antenna isolation provided in the embodiments of this application. Figure 13 In the diagram, curve 91 represents the isolation between the two antennas when the dielectric constant of dielectric 32 is 1; curve 92 represents the isolation between the two antennas when the dielectric constant of dielectric 32 is 2; and curve 93 represents the isolation between the two antennas when the dielectric constant of dielectric 32 is 3. Figure 13 It can be seen that as the dielectric constant of dielectric 32 increases, the isolation between the two antennas also increases, and the coupling between the two antennas decreases accordingly.
[0055] In the embodiments of this application, while increasing the isolation between antennas and reducing the coupling between antennas, the requirements for the appearance consistency of the antenna breaks can be met, production costs can be reduced, and the weight of the antenna structure can be reduced.
[0056] In some possible implementations of the embodiments of this application, the operating frequency of the first antenna is greater than the operating frequency of the second antenna; the dielectric constant of the medium surrounding the second antenna is greater than the dielectric constant of the medium surrounding the first antenna.
[0057] For example, in conjunction with the above Figure 1 When the operating frequency of antenna 21 is greater than the operating frequency of antenna 22, the dielectric constant of the medium surrounding antenna 22 is greater than the dielectric constant of the medium surrounding antenna 21.
[0058] In some possible implementations of the embodiments of this application, the length of the second antenna is greater than the length of the first antenna.
[0059] For example, in conjunction with the above Figure 1 When the operating frequency of antenna 21 is greater than the operating frequency of antenna 22, the length of antenna 22 is greater than the length of antenna 21.
[0060] In some possible implementations of the embodiments of this application, when the third harmonic of the operating frequency of the antenna 22 falls within the fundamental frequency range of the antenna 21, the length of the antenna 22 is three times the length of the antenna 21.
[0061] In some possible implementations of the embodiments of this application, the break lengths of the first antenna and the second antenna are within a preset distance range.
[0062] The break length of the first antenna and the second antenna is the distance between the metal stubs of the first antenna and the second antenna.
[0063] In some possible implementations of the embodiments of this application, the preset distance range can be set according to actual needs, for example, from 0.5mm to 1.5mm. Accordingly, the cut length of the first antenna and the second antenna can be 1mm.
[0064] In some possible implementations of the embodiments of this application, the antenna structure may further include electronic components connected in parallel or series with the second antenna. These electronic components may be inductors or capacitors.
[0065] In this embodiment, by connecting the second antenna in series or in parallel with electronic components, the fundamental resonant frequencies of the first and second antennas can be kept relatively constant.
[0066] This application also provides an electronic device, including the antenna structure provided in this application embodiment.
[0067] The electronic device provided in this application embodiment can be a terminal, or it can be any other device besides a terminal. For example, the electronic device can be a mobile phone, tablet computer, laptop computer, handheld computer, in-vehicle electronic device, mobile internet device (MID), augmented reality (AR) / virtual reality (VR) device, robot, wearable device, ultra-mobile personal computer (UMPC), netbook, or personal digital assistant (PDA), etc. It can also be a server, network attached storage (NAS), personal computer (PC), television (TV), ATM, or self-service machine, etc. This application embodiment does not make specific limitations.
[0068] Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram of the hardware structure of an electronic device that implements the embodiments of this application.
[0069] The electronic device 1400 includes, but is not limited to, components such as: radio frequency unit 1401, network module 1402, audio output unit 1403, input unit 1404, sensor 1405, display unit 1406, user input unit 1407, interface unit 1408, memory 1409, and processor 1410.
[0070] Those skilled in the art will understand that the electronic device 1400 may also include a power supply (such as a battery) for supplying power to various components. The power supply may be logically connected to the processor 1410 through a power management system, thereby enabling functions such as managing charging, discharging, and power consumption through the power management system. Figure 14 The electronic device structure shown does not constitute a limitation on the electronic device. The electronic device may include more or fewer components than shown, or combine certain components, or have different component arrangements, which will not be elaborated here.
[0071] The radio frequency unit 1401 and / or network module 1402 include the antenna structure provided in the embodiments of this application.
[0072] It should be understood that, in this embodiment, the input unit 1404 may include a graphics processing unit (GPU) 14041 and a microphone 14042. The GPU 14041 processes image data of still images or videos obtained by an image capture device (such as a camera) in video capture mode or image capture mode. The display unit 1406 may include a display panel 14061, which may be configured in the form of a liquid crystal display, an organic light-emitting diode, or the like. The user input unit 1407 includes at least one of a touch panel 14071 and other input devices 14072. The touch panel 14071 is also called a touch screen. The touch panel 14071 may include a touch detection device and a touch controller. Other input devices 14072 may include, but are not limited to, physical keyboards, function keys (such as volume control buttons, power buttons, etc.), trackballs, mice, and joysticks, which will not be described in detail here.
[0073] The memory 1409 can be used to store software programs and various data. The memory 1409 may primarily include a first storage area for storing programs or instructions and a second storage area for storing data. The first storage area may store the operating system, application programs or instructions required for at least one function (such as sound playback, image playback, etc.). Furthermore, the memory 1409 may include volatile memory or non-volatile memory, or both. The non-volatile memory may be read-only memory (ROM), programmable read-only memory (PROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), or flash memory. Volatile memory can be random access memory (RAM), static random access memory (SRAM), dynamic random access memory (DRAM), synchronous dynamic random access memory (SDRAM), double data rate synchronous dynamic random access memory (DDRSDRAM), enhanced synchronous dynamic random access memory (ESDRAM), synchronous link dynamic random access memory (SLDRAM), and direct memory bus RAM (DRRAM). The memory 1409 in this embodiment includes, but is not limited to, these and any other suitable types of memory.
[0074] Processor 1410 may include one or more processing units; optionally, processor 1410 integrates an application processor and a modem processor, wherein the application processor mainly handles operations involving the operating system, user interface, and applications, and the modem processor mainly handles wireless communication signals, such as a baseband processor. It is understood that the aforementioned modem processor may also not be integrated into processor 1410.
[0075] The embodiments of this application have been described above with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, this application is not limited to the specific embodiments described above. The specific embodiments described above are merely illustrative and not restrictive. Those skilled in the art can make many other forms under the guidance of this application without departing from the spirit and scope of the claims, and all of these forms are within the protection scope of this application.
Claims
1. An antenna structure, characterized in that, The antenna structure includes: Antenna ground plane, N pairs of antennas, and at least two dielectric materials with different dielectric constants; Wherein, the N pairs of antennas are connected to the antenna ground plane, the first antenna and the second antenna are coupled, and the outer periphery of the first antenna and the second antenna is provided with a medium with different dielectric constants. The first antenna and the second antenna are two antennas included in any pair of antennas in the N pairs of antennas, where N is a positive integer. The operating frequency of the first antenna is greater than the operating frequency of the second antenna. The dielectric constant of the medium surrounding the second antenna is greater than that of the medium surrounding the first antenna.
2. The antenna structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, A dielectric material is disposed on the outer periphery of the first antenna and the second antenna near the antenna floor.
3. The antenna structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, A dielectric material is disposed on the outer periphery of the first antenna and the second antenna away from the antenna floor.
4. The antenna structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The outer periphery of the first antenna and the second antenna, excluding the portions opposite each other, is provided with a dielectric material.
5. The antenna structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The length of the second antenna is greater than the length of the first antenna.
6. The antenna structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The break lengths of the first antenna and the second antenna are within a preset distance range.
7. The antenna structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The antenna structure also includes: Electronic components connected in parallel or in series with the second antenna.
8. The antenna structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first antenna and the second antenna are inverted F antennas. One end of the first antenna and the second antenna are arranged at a distance from each other, and the other end is used as a grounding terminal. The grounding terminal is located away from the ground.
9. An electronic device, characterized in that, The electronic device includes: The antenna structure according to any one of claims 1-8.