Top-down compensation circuit and method for long pulse high voltage modulator and high voltage modulator

Abstract

The application discloses a top drop compensation circuit and method of a long-pulse high-voltage modulator and the high-voltage modulator, and belongs to the technical field of pulse power. The application comprises a high-voltage power supply, N charging isolation units, N energy storage control components, a timing controller, a main modulation timing drive, a Bouncer timing drive and a load; the high-voltage power supply is connected with the N charging isolation units and the N series-connected energy storage control components; the timing controller is connected with the main modulation timing drive and the Bouncer timing drive and then connected with the N energy storage control components; and a single energy storage control component has a pulse top drop compensation function. The application adopts modular design, has a simple circuit topological structure, can expand and develop output voltage as required, is good in flexibility, effectively reduces the design difficulty of a main loop power supply voltage and a compensation circuit resonant inductance and capacitance, is small in size and weight, and is high in safety and reliability.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of pulse power technology, specifically relating to a top drop compensation circuit, method, and high voltage modulator for a long pulse high voltage modulator. Background Technology

[0002] Pulse modulators are used to generate various modulated waveforms and control the operation of microwave amplifiers or oscillators, and are widely used in transmitters, accelerators, high-power microwave weapons, and other fields that operate in pulse mode. With the development of solid-state switching devices and the mature application of series-parallel technology, all-solid-state modulators using MOSFETs and IGBTs as switching devices have gradually become mainstream due to their advantages such as small size, light weight, high reliability, and long lifespan. Long-pulse high-voltage modulators have also emerged as a result.

[0003] Among the parameters reflecting the output waveform of a long-pulse high-voltage modulator, special attention should be paid to the high-voltage pulse drop index caused by the limited capacity of the energy storage capacitor.

[0004] In summary, various loads typically require a high voltage pulse dropout rate of 0.5% or better for the modulator output. The most traditional and simplest solution to achieve this is to directly increase the capacity of the energy storage capacitor. However, for long-pulse high-voltage modulators, large-capacity, high-voltage capacitors are too bulky and heavy to meet the requirements of small, highly mobile applications on shipboard and vehicle-mounted platforms. Furthermore, the enormous energy released during load ignition poses a significant threat to equipment safety. Taking a long-pulse high-voltage modulator with an output pulse width of 1ms and a load voltage / current of 50kV / 100A as an example, if the energy storage capacitor alone is used to guarantee a 0.5% dropout rate, then according to the following formula:

[0005] ΔU C =50000 × 0.5% = 250V

[0006] C=I×τ / ΔU C =100×0.001 / 250=400μF

[0007]

[0008] Where, ΔU C It can be the voltage change value, C is the capacitance, is the pulse width, U is the load voltage, I is the load current, and Ec is the energy on the capacitor.

[0009] It is known that the required capacitor capacity must be at least 400μF, the withstand voltage must be at least 50kV, and the energy storage must reach 500kJ. The size, cost, and safety threats are all unbearable.

[0010] To reduce the high-voltage pulse drop of the modulator and improve equipment safety, references 1 (Yang Jinghong, "Design of All-Solid-State Bouncer Modulator", Modern Radar, 2018, 40(10), 58-61) and 2 (Pfeffer H, et al, "Along pulse modulator for reduced size and cost", Twenty-First International Power Modulator Symposium Conference, 1994: 48-51) proposed a "Bouncer modulator" drop compensation technology. The technical principle is to use a series resonant circuit composed of a compensation inductor L and a compensation capacitor C connected in series with the main modulator. By reasonably selecting the values ​​of the compensation inductor L, capacitor C and compensation power supply, a sinusoidal voltage signal with a set period is generated on the compensation capacitor C. The negative approximately linear part of the sinusoidal voltage signal is used to compensate for the drop of the main energy storage capacitor.

[0011] This technology can significantly reduce the main energy storage capacitor capacity of the long-pulse high-voltage modulator system, and improve the flatness of the output pulse top, while also enhancing equipment safety. However, the drawbacks of the schemes in References 1 and 2 are that they each have one main circuit and one compensation circuit, which are highly design-specific, leading to the following disadvantages:

[0012] 1) Poor scalability for different output voltage and current requirements;

[0013] 2) The main circuit high-voltage power supply has high voltage requirements, making the design difficult;

[0014] 3) The high compensation power supply voltage makes the design of the resonant inductor in the circuit complex, and a large reverse voltage spike will be generated at both ends, making the safety design difficult.

[0015] 4) The resonant capacitors and resonant inductors required by the compensation circuit are large in size and weight, which limits their application on high-mobility platforms. Summary of the Invention

[0016] To improve the output pulse drop of long-pulse high-voltage modulators, effectively reduce energy storage threats, and address the above-mentioned shortcomings, the present invention aims to provide a pulse drop compensation circuit, method, and high-voltage modulator for long-pulse high-voltage modulators. This invention features a modular design, simple circuit topology, expandable and extendable output voltage as needed, high flexibility, effectively reduces the main circuit power supply voltage and the design difficulty of the resonant inductor and capacitor in the compensation circuit, smaller size and weight, higher safety and reliability, and applicability to various platforms.

[0017] Specifically, on the one hand, the present invention provides a top drop compensation circuit for a long pulse high voltage modulator, including a high voltage power supply, N charging isolation units, N Bouncer energy storage control components, a timing controller, a main modulation timing drive, a Bouncer timing drive, and a load;

[0018] The high-voltage power supply is connected to N charging isolation units, and the N charging isolation units are respectively connected to N Bouncer energy storage control components. The outputs of the N Bouncer energy storage control components are connected in series to provide the load with a high-voltage long pulse that meets the pulse drop requirements. The timing controller is connected to the main modulation timing driver and the Bouncer timing driver. The main modulation timing driver is connected to the N Bouncer energy storage control components. The Bouncer timing driver is connected to the N Bouncer energy storage control components. The two ends of the load are respectively connected to the high-voltage output of the first Bouncer energy storage control component and the low-voltage output of the Nth Bouncer energy storage control component.

[0019] Each Bouncer energy storage control component includes a main energy storage capacitor, a main modulation switch, a Bouncer capacitor, a Bouncer inductor, a Bouncer modulation switch, a Bouncer switching diode, and a bypass diode. One end of the main energy storage capacitor is connected to one end of the main modulation switch, the other end of the main modulation switch is connected to the positive terminal of the bypass diode, the other end of the main energy storage capacitor is connected to one end of the Bouncer capacitor and one end of the Bouncer modulation switch, the other end of the Bouncer modulation switch is connected to one end of the Bouncer inductor, the other end of the Bouncer inductor is connected to the other end of the Bouncer capacitor and the negative terminal of the bypass diode, and the Bouncer switching diode is connected in parallel across the Bouncer modulation switch. The negative terminal of the Bouncer switching diode is connected to one end of the Bouncer capacitor, and the positive terminal is connected to one end of the Bouncer inductor.

[0020] The high-voltage power supply outputs N DC high voltages after passing through N charging isolation units, which charge the main energy storage capacitors and Bouncer capacitors in the N Bouncer energy storage control components, respectively.

[0021] The charging isolation unit provides a path when the high-voltage power supply is charging the main energy storage capacitor and the Bouncer capacitor respectively, and isolates the influence of the discharge circuit on the high-voltage power supply when the main modulation switch and the Bouncer modulation switch are turned on respectively.

[0022] The timing controller generates a main modulation timing drive signal and a Bouncer timing drive signal, and performs delay control on the main modulation timing drive signal and the Bouncer timing drive signal to compensate for the voltage drop on the main energy storage capacitor.

[0023] The main modulation timing drive divides the main modulation timing drive signal into N paths, which provide synchronous drive signals for the main modulation switches in the N Bouncer energy storage control components.

[0024] The Bouncer timing drive divides the Bouncer timing drive signal into N channels, which provide synchronous drive signals for the Bouncer modulation switches in the N Bouncer energy storage control components.

[0025] Furthermore, both the main modulation switch and the Bouncer modulation switch are all solid-state switches.

[0026] Furthermore, a series-parallel switching assembly of MOSFETs or IGBTs is selected as the main modulation switch, and a series-parallel switching assembly of MOSFETs or IGBTs or a single high-voltage IGBT is selected as the bouncer modulation switch.

[0027] Furthermore, the main modulation timing drive and the Bouncer timing drive adopt a high-frequency modulation driving method, and the high-frequency modulation driving is implemented by a high-frequency modulation driving circuit.

[0028] On the other hand, the present invention also provides a top-drop compensation method for a long-pulse high-voltage modulator, implemented by the top-drop compensation circuit of the aforementioned long-pulse high-voltage modulator. During one charge-discharge cycle, the Bouncer energy storage control component operates according to the following steps:

[0029] During the t0 to t1 stage: the Bouncer timing drive and the main modulation timing drive output zero level, the Bouncer modulation switch and the main modulation switch are both in the off state, the main energy storage capacitor and the Bouncer capacitor are charged respectively, the main energy storage capacitor is charged with a negative voltage, and the Bouncer capacitor is charged with a positive voltage. During this stage, the load voltage is zero.

[0030] t1~t2 stage: At time t1, the Bouncer timing drive goes high, the main modulation timing drive remains at the previous zero level, the Bouncer modulation switch is closed, the main modulation switch is still open, the Bouncer capacitor and the Bouncer inductor resonate, the voltage on the Bouncer capacitor decreases until it drops to zero level, and the load voltage remains zero during this stage.

[0031] During the t2-t3 phase: At time t2, the main modulation timing drive goes high, while the Bouncer timing drive remains at its previous high level. Both the main modulation switch and the Bouncer modulation switch are closed. The main energy storage capacitor and the Bouncer capacitor discharge to the load through the main modulation switch and the Bouncer inductor, forming a negative high-voltage pulse on the load. As the discharge time increases, the voltage on the main energy storage capacitor gradually decreases, and correspondingly, the amplitude of the negative high-voltage pulse on the load gradually decreases. The voltage on the Bouncer capacitor continues to decrease, becoming a negative voltage, and the amplitude keeps increasing, reaching its negative maximum value at time t3. During this period, the negative voltage on the Bouncer capacitor compensates for the voltage drop on the main energy storage capacitor, thereby compensating for the pulse drop on the load. During this phase, the load output voltage is a negative high voltage that meets the pulse drop requirement.

[0032] During the t3 to t4 phase: At time t3, the main modulation timing drive becomes zero level, while the Bouncer timing drive remains high level. The main modulation switch is open, and the Bouncer modulation switch remains closed. The negative voltage amplitude on the Bouncer capacitor gradually decreases to zero, then becomes positive voltage, and the amplitude gradually increases, reaching its extreme value at time t4. At this time, the Bouncer timing drive changes from high level to zero level, the Bouncer modulation switch is open, and the load voltage returns to zero.

[0033] Furthermore, the duration of the t1 to t2 phase is 1 / 4 of the resonant period of the Bouncer capacitor and Bouncer inductor.

[0034] Furthermore, during a charge / discharge cycle, the Bouncer energy storage control component operates according to the following steps:

[0035] t0~t1 stage:

[0036] When both the timing pulse of the main modulation switch and the timing pulse of the Bouncer modulation switch are at zero level, the main modulation switch and the Bouncer modulation switch are in the open state, the Bouncer modulation switch is charged, the main energy storage capacitor is charged with a negative voltage, and the Bouncer capacitor is charged with a positive voltage. During this stage, the voltage on the load is zero.

[0037] t1~t2 stage:

[0038] At time t1, the timing pulse of the main modulation switch goes high. This timing signal is modulated into a high-frequency narrow pulse square wave by the high-frequency modulation drive circuit, providing a drive pulse for the Bouncer modulation switch. The Bouncer modulation switch closes. During this stage, the timing pulse of the main modulation switch remains unchanged and maintains a zero level. The main modulation switch is still in the open state. The Bouncer capacitor resonates with the Bouncer inductor. The voltage of the Bouncer capacitor decreases. At time t2, the voltage of the Bouncer capacitor drops to zero. During this stage, the voltage on the load remains zero.

[0039] t2~t3 stage:

[0040] At time t2, both the timing pulses of the main modulation switch and the timing pulse of the Bouncer modulation switch are at high levels. The high-frequency modulation drive circuit of the Bouncer modulation switch continues to work, and the Bouncer modulation switch remains closed. The timing signal corresponding to the main modulation switch is also modulated into a narrow pulse square wave to provide a drive pulse for the main modulation switch. When the main modulation switch is closed, the main energy storage capacitor and the Bouncer capacitor discharge to the load through the main modulation switch and the Bouncer inductor, forming a negative high-voltage pulse on the load. As the discharge time increases, the voltage on the main energy storage capacitor gradually decreases. Correspondingly, the amplitude of the negative high-voltage pulse on the load gradually decreases, and the voltage of the Bouncer capacitor continues to decrease, becoming a negative voltage. The amplitude keeps increasing and reaches the negative maximum value at time t3. During this stage, the negative voltage on the Bouncer capacitor compensates for the voltage drop of the main energy storage capacitor, thereby compensating for the pulse drop on the load. The output voltage on the load is a negative high voltage that meets the pulse drop requirement.

[0041] t3~t4 stage:

[0042] At time t3, the timing pulse of the main modulation switch changes from high level to zero level, and the main modulation switch is open. Before time t4, the timing pulse of the Bouncer modulation switch remains high, and the Bouncer modulation switch remains closed. During this period, the negative voltage amplitude on the Bouncer capacitor gradually decreases to zero, then becomes a positive voltage, and the amplitude gradually increases, reaching its extreme value at time t4. At time t4, the timing pulse of the Bouncer modulation switch changes from high level to zero level, and the Bouncer modulation switch is open. At the same time, the timing controller generates two tail-cutting pulses through the timing pulses of the main modulation switch and the Bouncer modulation switch, respectively, to turn off the main modulation switch and the Bouncer modulation switch, and the voltage output on the load returns to zero.

[0043] In another aspect, the present invention also provides a long pulse high voltage modulator, characterized in that it includes the top drop compensation circuit of the above-mentioned long pulse high voltage modulator.

[0044] The top drop compensation circuit and method of the long pulse high voltage modulator of the present invention, as well as the beneficial effects of the high voltage modulator, are as follows:

[0045] (1) The Bouncer energy storage control component adopts a modular design, with a simple circuit topology and output voltage that can be expanded and extended as needed, providing good flexibility;

[0046] (2) The single-stage isolation voltage of the high-voltage power supply and the output voltage of the single-stage Bouncer energy storage control component are both 1 / N of the total output voltage, which effectively reduces the design difficulty and improves the safety of the equipment.

[0047] (3) The single-stage compensation power supply voltage requirement is low, and the design of the resonant capacitor and resonant inductor is simple and highly reliable.

[0048] (4) During discharge, multiple capacitors are connected in series, which greatly reduces the withstand voltage of the energy storage capacitor;

[0049] (5) It is small in size and weight, and is suitable for use on multiple platforms. Attached Figure Description

[0050] Figure 1 This is a principle block diagram of an embodiment of the present invention.

[0051] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the composition and principle of the Bouncer energy storage control component according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0052] Figure 3 This is a timing diagram of the Bouncer timing driver and the main modulation timing driver in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0053] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of another embodiment of the present invention.

[0054] Figure 5 This is a block diagram of the main modulation timing drive circuit and the Bouncer timing drive circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0055] Figure 6 This is a timing diagram showing the driving timing relationship between the Bouncer modulation switch and the main modulation switch in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0056] Figure 7 This is a simulation diagram of the resonance compensation of the inductor L21 and capacitor C21 of a single Bouncer energy storage control component according to an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0057] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the embodiments and the accompanying drawings.

[0058] One embodiment of the present invention is a top-drop compensation circuit for a long-pulse high-voltage modulator, such as... Figure 1As shown, it includes a high-voltage power supply, N charging isolation units, N Bouncer energy storage control components, a timing controller, a main modulation timing drive, a Bouncer timing drive, and a load.

[0059] The system comprises a high-voltage power supply connected to N charging isolation units, which in turn are connected to N Bouncer energy storage control components. The outputs of these N Bouncer energy storage control components are connected in series to provide the load with a high-voltage long pulse that meets the pulse drop requirements. The output voltage of a single Bouncer energy storage control component is 1 / N of the total voltage, and all components have pulse drop compensation functionality. A timing controller is connected to both the main modulation timing driver and the Bouncer timing driver. The main modulation timing driver is connected to each of the N Bouncer energy storage control components. The load terminals are connected to the high-voltage output of one Bouncer energy storage control component and the low-voltage output of the Nth Bouncer energy storage control component, serving as the output terminals of the circuit system for system closed-loop and circuit performance testing.

[0060] like Figure 2 As shown, the Bouncer energy storage control component includes a main energy storage capacitor, a main modulation switch, a Bouncer capacitor, a Bouncer inductor, a Bouncer modulation switch, a Bouncer switching diode, and a bypass diode. One end of the main energy storage capacitor is connected to one end of the main modulation switch, and the other end of the main modulation switch is connected to the positive terminal of the bypass diode. The other end of the main energy storage capacitor is connected to one end of the Bouncer capacitor and one end of the Bouncer modulation switch. The other end of the Bouncer modulation switch is connected to one end of the Bouncer inductor. The other end of the Bouncer inductor is connected to the other end of the Bouncer capacitor and the negative terminal of the bypass diode. The Bouncer switching diode is connected in parallel across the Bouncer modulation switch, with its negative terminal connected to one end of the Bouncer capacitor and its positive terminal connected to one end of the Bouncer inductor.

[0061] The high-voltage power supply outputs N DC high voltages after passing through N charging isolation units, which charge the main energy storage capacitors and Bouncer capacitors in the N Bouncer energy storage control components, respectively.

[0062] The charging isolation unit provides a path when the high-voltage power supply charges the main energy storage capacitor and the Bouncer capacitor respectively, and isolates the discharge circuit from the high-voltage power supply when the main modulation switch and the Bouncer modulation switch are turned on respectively.

[0063] The timing controller is used to generate the main modulation timing drive signal and the Bouncer timing drive signal, and to perform delay control on the two drive signals.

[0064] The main modulation timing drive divides the main modulation timing drive signal into N paths, which provide synchronous drive signals for the main modulation switches in the N Bouncer energy storage control components.

[0065] The Bouncer timing drive divides the Bouncer timing drive signal into N channels, which provide synchronous drive signals for the Bouncer modulation switches in the N Bouncer energy storage control components.

[0066] like Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the working principle of the Bouncer energy storage control component is as follows: the main energy storage capacitor C11 is isolated from the high-voltage power supply and obtains DC energy through a charging isolation device; the Bouncer capacitor C21 is also isolated from the high-voltage power supply and obtains DC energy through a charging isolation device. The main modulation switch K11 is controlled to turn on and off by the main modulation timing drive. Due to the long pulse width, the voltage on the main energy storage capacitor C11 experiences a large voltage drop. The Bouncer modulation switch K21 is controlled to turn on and off by the Bouncer timing drive. When the Bouncer inductor L21 and the Bouncer capacitor C21 resonate, the voltage amplitude on the Bouncer capacitor C21 increases from zero to a negative maximum value within one-quarter of the cycle. By employing precise delay control of the main modulation switch K11 and the Bouncer modulation switch K21, this approximately linear segment can effectively compensate for the voltage drop on the main energy storage capacitor. Both the main modulation switch K11 and the bouncer modulation switch K21 are all solid-state switches. Depending on the voltage value, a switching assembly consisting of MOSFETs or IGBTs connected in series and parallel can be selected, or a single high-voltage IGBT can be used as the switch. The bouncer inductor L21 is used to generate resonance with the bouncer capacitor C21. The bouncer switching diode D21 provides a path for the resonant reverse current. The bypass diode D31 provides a path for the system current when the main modulation switch K11 is not conducting.

[0067] like Figure 3 As shown, the compensation method of the top drop compensation circuit of the long pulse high voltage modulator of the present invention is characterized by a certain timing relationship between the Bouncer timing drive generated by the timing controller and the main modulation timing drive. Within one charge / discharge cycle, the Bouncer energy storage control component operates in four sequential steps:

[0068] During the t0 to t1 stage: the Bouncer timing drive and the main modulation timing drive output zero level, the Bouncer modulation switch and the main modulation switch are both in the off state, the main energy storage capacitor and the Bouncer capacitor are charged respectively, the main energy storage capacitor is charged with a negative voltage, and the Bouncer capacitor is charged with a positive voltage. During this stage, the load voltage is zero.

[0069] t1~t2 stage: At time t1, the Bouncer timing drive goes high, the main modulation timing drive remains at the previous zero level, the Bouncer modulation switch is closed, the main modulation switch is still open, the Bouncer capacitor and the Bouncer inductor resonate, the voltage on the Bouncer capacitor decreases until it drops to zero level, and the load voltage remains zero during this stage.

[0070] During the t2-t3 phase: At time t2, the main modulation timing drive goes high, while the Bouncer timing drive remains at its previous high level. Both the main modulation switch and the Bouncer modulation switch are closed. The main energy storage capacitor and the Bouncer capacitor are connected in series, and the load is discharged through the main modulation switch and the Bouncer inductor, forming a negative high-voltage pulse on the load. As the discharge time increases, the voltage on the main energy storage capacitor gradually decreases, and correspondingly, the amplitude of the negative high-voltage pulse on the load gradually decreases. At this time, the resonance process of the Bouncer inductor and the Bouncer capacitor continues, and the voltage on the Bouncer capacitor continues to decrease, becoming a negative voltage. The amplitude keeps increasing and reaches its negative maximum value at time t3. During this period, the negative voltage on the Bouncer capacitor compensates for the voltage drop on the main energy storage capacitor, thereby compensating for the pulse drop on the load. During this phase, the load output voltage is a negative high voltage with good flat-top performance.

[0071] During the t3-t4 phase: At time t3, the main modulation timing drive becomes zero, while the Bouncer timing drive remains high. The main modulation switch opens, and the Bouncer modulation switch remains closed. The negative voltage amplitude on the Bouncer capacitor gradually decreases to zero, then becomes a positive voltage with a gradually increasing amplitude, reaching its extreme value at time t4. At this point, the Bouncer timing drive changes from high to zero, and the Bouncer modulation switch opens. The load voltage returns to zero during this phase. Thus, a complete charge-discharge cycle ends.

[0072] like Figure 4As shown, another embodiment of the present invention is a long-pulse high-voltage modulator, wherein the top-drop compensation circuit of the long-pulse high-voltage modulator includes a high-voltage power supply, five charging isolation units, five Bouncer energy storage control components, one timing controller, five main modulation timing drivers, five Bouncer timing drivers, and a load. The high-voltage power supply is connected to each of the five charging isolation units; the five charging isolation units are correspondingly connected to the five Bouncer energy storage control components; the timing controller is connected to both the five main modulation timing drivers and the five Bouncer timing drivers; the five main modulation timing drivers are correspondingly connected to the five Bouncer energy storage control components; the five Bouncer timing drivers are correspondingly connected to the five Bouncer energy storage control components; the outputs of the five Bouncer energy storage control components are connected in series sequentially; the load is connected to the high-voltage output of the first Bouncer energy storage control component and the low-voltage output of the fifth Bouncer energy storage control component; the low-voltage output of the Bouncer energy storage control component is connected to ground. The circuit in this example has a load impedance of 500Ω, an output pulse voltage of -50kV, a pulse current of 100A, and a pulse width of 1ms.

[0073] The high-voltage power supply has 5 isolated outputs, which charge the main energy storage capacitors C11 to C15 and the Bouncer capacitors C21 to C25 in the 5 Bouncer energy storage control components. Each output supplies 10kV to the main energy storage capacitor and 2.5kV to the Bouncer capacitor.

[0074] There are five charging isolation units, each consisting of one set of charging isolation diodes and one set of charging isolation resistors. The five units comprise ten sets of devices: charging isolation diodes D11-D15 and charging isolation resistors R21-R25. After the high-voltage power supply is isolated and output, the charging isolation diodes D11-D15 provide a path for charging the main energy storage capacitors C11-C15. Similarly, the charging isolation resistors R21-R25 provide a path for charging the bouncer capacitors C21-C25 after the high-voltage power supply is isolated and output. The charging isolation diodes D11-D15 also isolate the discharge circuit from the high-voltage power supply when the main modulation switches K11-K15 are on, and the charging isolation resistors R21-R25 isolate the discharge circuit from the high-voltage power supply when the bouncer modulation switches K21-K25 are on.

[0075] There are five Bouncer energy storage control components, which are connected in series to provide the load with a high-voltage, long pulse that meets the pulse drop requirements. Each Bouncer control component outputs -10kV, which is 1 / 5 of the total required voltage of -50kV, and all have pulse drop compensation functionality. The Bouncer energy storage control components include main energy storage capacitors C11-C15 (50uF), main modulation switches K11-K15 (1.11ms delay on-time, 1ms on-pulse width), Bouncer capacitors C21-C25 (50uF), Bouncer inductors L21-L25 (10mH), Bouncer modulation switches K21-K25 (5ms on-pulse width, slightly larger than the resonant period of 4.44ms), Bouncer switching diodes D21-D25, and bypass diodes D31-D35. One end of the main energy storage capacitors C11-C15 is connected to one end of the main modulation switches K11-K15. The other end of K11-K15 is connected to the positive terminal of the bypass diodes D31-D35. The other end of the main energy storage capacitors C11-C15 is connected to one end of the Bouncer capacitors C21-C25 and one end of the Bouncer modulation switches K21-K25. The other end of K21-K25 is connected to one end of the Bouncer inductor L21-L25. The other end of the Bouncer inductor L21-L25 is connected to the other end of the Bouncer capacitors C21-C25 and the negative terminal of the bypass diodes D31-D35. The Bouncer switching diode D2... Diodes D21 to D25 are connected in parallel across the two ends of the Bouncer modulation switches K21 to K25. The negative terminals of the Bouncer switching diodes D21 to D25 are connected to one end of the Bouncer capacitors C21 to C25, and the positive terminals of the Bouncer switching diodes D21 to D25 are connected to one end of the Bouncer inductors L21 to L25. The negative terminal of bypass diode D31 is connected to the positive terminal of bypass diode D32, the negative terminal of bypass diode D32 is connected to the positive terminal of bypass diode D33, the negative terminal of bypass diode D33 is connected to the positive terminal of bypass diode D34, the negative terminal of bypass diode D34 is connected to the positive terminal of bypass diode D35, and the negative terminal of bypass diode D35 is connected to the load R. L One end is connected to the ground end.

[0076] The working principle of the Bouncer energy storage control component is as follows:

[0077] The main energy storage capacitors C11-C15 (50uF) obtain DC energy from five -10kV power supplies isolated from the high-voltage power supply via charging isolation diodes D11-D15. The bouncer capacitors C21-C25 (50uF) obtain DC energy from five 2.5kV power supplies isolated from the high-voltage power supply via charging isolation resistors R21-R25. The main modulation switches K11-K15 and the bouncer modulation switches K21-K25 are each turned on by their respective timing drives. The on-time of the main modulation switches is 1ms, the output pulse width required in this embodiment of the invention. During this period, the voltage drop across the main energy storage capacitors C11-C15 reaches 2kV. The bouncer inductors L21-L25 (10mH) are used to resonate with the bouncer capacitors C21-C25 (50uF), with a resonant period of... During a quarter of the cycle, the voltage amplitude across the bouncer capacitors C21-C25 increases from zero to a negative maximum (amplitude slightly greater than 2kV). This segment effectively compensates for the voltage drop across the main energy storage capacitors C11-C15. Both the main modulation switches K11-K15 and the bouncer modulation switches K21-K25 are all solid-state switches. In this embodiment, based on the actual voltage requirements of 10kV and 2.5kV, the main modulation switches use IGBT series-parallel switching components, while the bouncer modulation switches use a single high-voltage IGBT. Five main modulation timing drives provide synchronous driving timing signals to the main modulation switches K11-K15, and five bouncer timing drives provide synchronous driving timing signals to the bouncer modulation switches K21-K25. A timing controller precisely controls the delay of these two types of timing drive signals. In this embodiment, the delay time is selected as 1 / 4 of the resonant period, i.e., 4.44ms / 4 = 1.11ms, achieving a good voltage drop compensation effect. Bouncer switching diodes D21-D25 are used to provide a path for the reverse resonant current. Bypass diodes D31-D35 are used to provide a path for the system current when the main modulation switch is not conducting.

[0078] The timing controller generates 5 main modulation timing drive signals and 5 Bouncer timing drive signals, and performs delay control on these two types of drive signals.

[0079] Five main modulation timing drives provide synchronous drive signals to the main modulation switches K11 to K15 in the five Bouncer energy storage control components.

[0080] The five-channel Bouncer timing drive provides synchronous drive signals to the Bouncer modulation switches K21 to K25 in the five Bouncer energy storage control components.

[0081] The equivalent impedance of the load is 500Ω. In this embodiment of the invention, the voltage drop measured on the load is 200V, which translates to a high voltage drop index of 200 ÷ 50000 × 100% = 0.4%, indicating excellent compensation effect.

[0082] like Figure 5 As shown, in this embodiment of the invention, both the main modulation timing drive and the bouncer timing drive adopt a high-frequency modulation driving method. Generally, the coupling transmission of long pulse modulation switch drive signals can be divided into optocoupler driving method, trailing edge fixed width driving method, and high-frequency modulation driving method, depending on the pulse form and application scenario. This embodiment selects the high-frequency modulation driving method to reduce equipment complexity and effectively solve the problem of easy saturation of long pulse transformers. The high-frequency modulation driving circuit includes a high-frequency oscillator, a full-bridge driving circuit, a driving transformer T1, a high-potential shaping circuit, a trailing edge fixed width circuit, a driving circuit, a driving transformer T2, and a tail-cutting circuit. The circuit principle is to modulate the millisecond-level timing signal into a narrow pulse square wave of hundreds of kilohertz, amplify it, transmit it through the transformer isolation, and then rectify and filter it in the secondary winding of the transformer to restore it to a millisecond-level pulse for driving the solid-state modulation switch. This driving method can quickly shut off the driving pulse signal when the load experiences arcing and overcurrent, and at the same time, the tail-cutting circuit can quickly reduce the high-potential driving level to zero, effectively protecting the modulator and the load. It is widely used in practical engineering and the technology is mature.

[0083] like Figure 6 As shown, in this example, the timing of the Bouncer modulation switches K21-K25 and the main modulation switches K11-K15 generated by the timing controller has a certain timing relationship. Within one charge / discharge cycle (500ms), the operation is divided into four working steps according to the time sequence:

[0084] t0~t1 phase (lasting 495ms):

[0085] The timing pulses of the main modulation switches K11-K15 and the timing pulses of the bouncer modulation switches K21-K25 are both at zero level. The main modulation switches K11-K15 and the bouncer modulation switches K21-K25 are in the open state. The main energy storage capacitors C11-C15 and the bouncer capacitors C21-C25 are charged. The main energy storage capacitors C11-C15 are charged with a negative voltage, and the bouncer capacitors C21-C25 are charged with a positive voltage. During this stage, the load R... L The voltage is zero.

[0086] t1 to t2 phase (lasting 1.11ms):

[0087] At time t1, the timing pulses of Bouncer modulation switches K21-K25 go high. This timing signal is modulated into a 100kHz narrow pulse square wave by a high-frequency oscillator. This pulse drives the transformer via a full-bridge drive circuit. The transformer's secondary winding is rectified and filtered to restore a 5ms square wave, providing the drive pulses for Bouncer modulation switches K21-K25. Bouncer modulation switches K21-K25 close. During this stage, the timing pulses of the main modulation switches K11-K15 remain unchanged, maintaining a zero level. The main modulation switches K11-K15 are still in the open state. Bouncer capacitors C21-C25 resonate with Bouncer inductors L21-L25, respectively, causing the voltage across Bouncer capacitors C21-C25 to decrease. At time t2, the voltage across Bouncer capacitors C21-C25 drops to zero. During this stage, the load R... L The voltage remains zero.

[0088] t2~t3 phase (lasting 1ms):

[0089] At time t2, the timing pulses of the main modulation switches K11-K15 and the timing pulses of the Bouncer modulation switches K21-K25 are both high-level. The high-frequency oscillators and subsequent circuits of the Bouncer modulation switches K21-K25 continue to operate, and the Bouncer modulation switches K21-K25 remain closed. The timing signals corresponding to the main modulation switches K11-K15 are also modulated into 100kHz narrow pulse square waves by their own high-frequency oscillators. These pulses drive the corresponding transformers through the full-bridge drive circuit. The transformer secondary windings are rectified and filtered to restore the 1ms square wave, providing drive pulses for the main modulation switches K11-K15. The main modulation switches K11-K15 close, and the main energy storage capacitors C11-C15 and the Bouncer capacitors C21-C25 are connected in series. The energy is then transmitted to the load R through the main modulation switches K11-K15 and the Bouncer inductors L21-L25. L Discharge, R L A negative high-voltage pulse is formed. As the discharge time increases, the voltage across the main energy storage capacitors C11 to C15 gradually decreases. Correspondingly, R... L The amplitude of the negative high-voltage pulse gradually decreases. At this time, the resonance process between the Bouncer inductors L21-L25 and the Bouncer capacitors C21-C25 continues, and the voltage across the Bouncer capacitors C21-C25 continues to decrease, becoming a negative voltage. The amplitude of this negative voltage increases continuously, reaching its maximum negative value at time t3. During this stage, the negative voltage across the Bouncer capacitors C21-C25 compensates for the voltage drop across the main energy storage capacitors C11-C15, thereby compensating for the load R. L The pulse drop on the load R L The output voltage is a flat-top, high-quality negative high voltage;

[0090] t3~t4 phase (lasting 2.89ms):

[0091] At time t3, the timing pulses of the main modulation switches K11-K15 change from high to zero, and the main modulation switches K11-K15 are open. Before time t4, the timing pulses of the Bouncer modulation switches K21-K25 remain high, and the Bouncer modulation switches K21-K25 remain closed. During this period, the negative voltage amplitude on the Bouncer capacitors C21-C25 gradually decreases to zero, then becomes a positive voltage, and the amplitude gradually increases, reaching its extreme value at time t4. At time t4, the timing pulses of the Bouncer modulation switches K21-K25 change from high to zero, and the Bouncer modulation switches K21-K25 are open. Simultaneously, the timing controller generates two tail-trimmed pulses with a pulse width of 10µs each via the timing pulses of the main modulation switches K11-K15 and the Bouncer modulation switches K21-K25, making the switching transistor turn off more quickly. During this stage, the load R... L The voltage output returns to zero. At this point, a complete charge / discharge cycle (500ms) has ended.

[0092] like Figure 7 As shown in the example, a single Bouncer energy storage control component utilizes the resonance of Bouncer inductor L21 and Bouncer capacitor C21, with a resonance period of 4.44 ms. During a quarter of this period (1.11 ms), the voltage amplitude across Bouncer capacitor C21 increases from zero to a negative maximum of approximately -2 kV to compensate for the 2 kV voltage drop across the main energy storage capacitor C11 of the Bouncer energy storage control component. Waveform 1 shows the voltage waveform of Bouncer capacitor C21, waveform 2 shows the voltage waveform of the main energy storage capacitor C11, and waveform 3 shows the output pulse waveform of the Bouncer energy storage control component.

[0093] The top drop compensation circuit and method of the long pulse high voltage modulator of the present invention, as well as the beneficial effects of the high voltage modulator, are as follows:

[0094] (1) The Bouncer energy storage control component adopts a modular design, with a simple circuit topology and output voltage that can be expanded and extended as needed, providing good flexibility;

[0095] (2) The single-stage isolation voltage of the high-voltage power supply and the output voltage of the single-stage Bouncer energy storage control component are both 1 / N of the total output voltage, which effectively reduces the design difficulty and improves the safety of the equipment.

[0096] (3) The single-stage compensation power supply has low voltage requirements, and the design of the resonant capacitor and resonant inductor is simple and highly reliable.

[0097] (4) During discharge, multiple capacitors are connected in series, which greatly reduces the withstand voltage of the energy storage capacitor;

[0098] (5) It is small in size and weight, and is suitable for use on multiple platforms.

[0099] While the present invention has been disclosed above with reference to preferred embodiments, these embodiments are not intended to limit the invention. Any equivalent changes or modifications made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention are also within the scope of protection of the invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be determined by the claims of this application.

Claims

1. A top-drop compensation circuit for a long-pulse high-voltage modulator, characterized in that, It includes a high-voltage power supply, N charging isolation units, N Bouncer energy storage control components, a timing controller, a main modulation timing drive, a Bouncer timing drive, and a load; The high-voltage power supply is connected to N charging isolation units, and the N charging isolation units are respectively connected to N Bouncer energy storage control components. The outputs of the N Bouncer energy storage control components are connected in series to provide the load with a high-voltage long pulse that meets the pulse drop requirements. The timing controller is connected to the main modulation timing driver and the Bouncer timing driver. The main modulation timing driver is connected to the N Bouncer energy storage control components. The Bouncer timing driver is connected to the N Bouncer energy storage control components. The two ends of the load are respectively connected to the high-voltage output of the first Bouncer energy storage control component and the low-voltage output of the Nth Bouncer energy storage control component. Each Bouncer energy storage control component includes a main energy storage capacitor, a main modulation switch, a Bouncer capacitor, a Bouncer inductor, a Bouncer modulation switch, a Bouncer switching diode, and a bypass diode. One end of the main energy storage capacitor is connected to one end of the main modulation switch, the other end of the main modulation switch is connected to the positive terminal of the bypass diode, the other end of the main energy storage capacitor is connected to one end of the Bouncer capacitor and one end of the Bouncer modulation switch, the other end of the Bouncer modulation switch is connected to one end of the Bouncer inductor, the other end of the Bouncer inductor is connected to the other end of the Bouncer capacitor and the negative terminal of the bypass diode, and the Bouncer switching diode is connected in parallel across the Bouncer modulation switch. The negative terminal of the Bouncer switching diode is connected to one end of the Bouncer capacitor, and the positive terminal is connected to one end of the Bouncer inductor. The high-voltage power supply outputs N DC high voltages after passing through N charging isolation units, which charge the main energy storage capacitors and Bouncer capacitors in the N Bouncer energy storage control components, respectively. The charging isolation unit provides a path when the high-voltage power supply is charging the main energy storage capacitor and the Bouncer capacitor respectively, and isolates the influence of the discharge circuit on the high-voltage power supply when the main modulation switch and the Bouncer modulation switch are turned on respectively. The timing controller generates a main modulation timing drive signal and a Bouncer timing drive signal, and performs delay control on the main modulation timing drive signal and the Bouncer timing drive signal to compensate for the voltage drop on the main energy storage capacitor. The main modulation timing drive divides the main modulation timing drive signal into N paths, which provide synchronous drive signals for the main modulation switches in the N Bouncer energy storage control components. The Bouncer timing drive divides the Bouncer timing drive signal into N channels, which provide synchronous drive signals for the Bouncer modulation switches in the N Bouncer energy storage control components.

2. The top drop compensation circuit of the long pulse high voltage modulator according to claim 1, characterized in that, Both the main modulation switch and the Bouncer modulation switch are all solid-state switches.

3. The top drop compensation circuit of the long pulse high voltage modulator according to claim 2, characterized in that, Select a series-parallel switching assembly of MOSFETs or IGBTs as the main modulation switch, and select a series-parallel switching assembly of MOSFETs or IGBTs or a single high-voltage IGBT as the bouncer modulation switch.

4. The top drop compensation circuit of the long pulse high voltage modulator according to claim 3, characterized in that, The main modulation timing driver and the Bouncer timing driver adopt a high-frequency modulation driving method, which is implemented by a high-frequency modulation driving circuit.

5. A method for top drop compensation in a long pulse high voltage modulator, characterized in that, Implemented by the top-drop compensation circuit of the long-pulse high-voltage modulator according to claim 1, the Bouncer energy storage control component operates according to the following steps within one charge-discharge cycle: During the t0 to t1 stage: the Bouncer timing drive and the main modulation timing drive output zero level, the Bouncer modulation switch and the main modulation switch are both in the off state, the main energy storage capacitor and the Bouncer capacitor are charged respectively, the main energy storage capacitor is charged with a negative voltage, and the Bouncer capacitor is charged with a positive voltage. During this stage, the load voltage is zero. t1~t2 stage: At time t1, the Bouncer timing drive goes high, the main modulation timing drive remains at the previous zero level, the Bouncer modulation switch is closed, the main modulation switch is still open, the Bouncer capacitor and the Bouncer inductor resonate, the voltage on the Bouncer capacitor decreases until it drops to zero level, and the load voltage remains zero during this stage. During the t2-t3 phase: At time t2, the main modulation timing drive goes high, while the Bouncer timing drive remains at its previous high level. Both the main modulation switch and the Bouncer modulation switch are closed. The main energy storage capacitor and the Bouncer capacitor discharge to the load through the main modulation switch and the Bouncer inductor, forming a negative high-voltage pulse on the load. As the discharge time increases, the voltage on the main energy storage capacitor gradually decreases, and correspondingly, the amplitude of the negative high-voltage pulse on the load gradually decreases. The voltage on the Bouncer capacitor continues to decrease, becoming a negative voltage, and the amplitude keeps increasing, reaching its negative maximum value at time t3. During this period, the negative voltage on the Bouncer capacitor compensates for the voltage drop on the main energy storage capacitor, thereby compensating for the pulse drop on the load. During this phase, the load output voltage is a negative high voltage that meets the pulse drop requirement. During the t3 to t4 phase: At time t3, the main modulation timing drive becomes zero level, while the Bouncer timing drive remains high level. The main modulation switch is open, and the Bouncer modulation switch remains closed. The negative voltage amplitude on the Bouncer capacitor gradually decreases to zero, then becomes positive voltage, and the amplitude gradually increases, reaching its extreme value at time t4. At this time, the Bouncer timing drive changes from high level to zero level, the Bouncer modulation switch is open, and the load voltage returns to zero.

6. The top drop compensation method for a long pulse high voltage modulator according to claim 5, characterized in that, The duration of the t1 to t2 phase is 1 / 4 of the resonant period of the Bouncer capacitor and Bouncer inductor.

7. The top drop compensation method for a long pulse high voltage modulator according to claim 5, characterized in that, Implemented by the top-drop compensation circuit of the long-pulse high-voltage modulator according to claim 4, the Bouncer energy storage control component operates according to the following steps within one charge-discharge cycle: t0~t1 stage: When both the timing pulse of the main modulation switch and the timing pulse of the Bouncer modulation switch are at zero level, the main modulation switch and the Bouncer modulation switch are in the open state, the Bouncer modulation switch is charged, the main energy storage capacitor is charged with a negative voltage, and the Bouncer capacitor is charged with a positive voltage. During this stage, the voltage on the load is zero. t1~t2 stage: At time t1, the timing pulse of the main modulation switch goes high. This timing signal is modulated into a high-frequency narrow pulse square wave by the high-frequency modulation drive circuit, providing a drive pulse for the Bouncer modulation switch. The Bouncer modulation switch closes. During this stage, the timing pulse of the main modulation switch remains unchanged and maintains a zero level. The main modulation switch is still in the open state. The Bouncer capacitor resonates with the Bouncer inductor. The voltage of the Bouncer capacitor decreases. At time t2, the voltage of the Bouncer capacitor drops to zero. During this stage, the voltage on the load remains zero. t2~t3 stage: At time t2, both the timing pulses of the main modulation switch and the timing pulse of the Bouncer modulation switch are at high levels. The high-frequency modulation drive circuit of the Bouncer modulation switch continues to work, and the Bouncer modulation switch remains closed. The timing signal corresponding to the main modulation switch is also modulated into a narrow pulse square wave to provide a drive pulse for the main modulation switch. When the main modulation switch is closed, the main energy storage capacitor and the Bouncer capacitor discharge to the load through the main modulation switch and the Bouncer inductor, forming a negative high-voltage pulse on the load. As the discharge time increases, the voltage on the main energy storage capacitor gradually decreases. Correspondingly, the amplitude of the negative high-voltage pulse on the load gradually decreases, and the voltage of the Bouncer capacitor continues to decrease, becoming a negative voltage. The amplitude keeps increasing and reaches the negative maximum value at time t3. During this stage, the negative voltage on the Bouncer capacitor compensates for the voltage drop of the main energy storage capacitor, thereby compensating for the pulse drop on the load. The output voltage on the load is a negative high voltage that meets the pulse drop requirement. t3~t4 stage: At time t3, the timing pulse of the main modulation switch changes from high level to zero level, and the main modulation switch is open. Before time t4, the timing pulse of the Bouncer modulation switch remains high, and the Bouncer modulation switch remains closed. During this period, the negative voltage amplitude on the Bouncer capacitor gradually decreases to zero, then becomes a positive voltage, and the amplitude gradually increases, reaching its extreme value at time t4. At time t4, the timing pulse of the Bouncer modulation switch changes from high level to zero level, and the Bouncer modulation switch is open. At the same time, the timing controller generates two tail-cutting pulses through the timing pulses of the main modulation switch and the Bouncer modulation switch, respectively, to turn off the main modulation switch and the Bouncer modulation switch, and the voltage output on the load returns to zero.

8. A long-pulse high-voltage modulator, characterized in that, Includes the top drop compensation circuit of the long pulse high voltage modulator according to any one of claims 1-4.

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