A compact full-passive power generation device based on deep space heat sink

Abstract

The application provides a compact full-passive power generation device based on deep space heat sink, and belongs to the technical field of radiation refrigeration thermoelectric power generation. The device comprises a thermoelectric power generation module, a radiation refrigeration module, a heat absorption and temperature rising module, a phase change heat storage module and an energy storage and pressurization module. The radiation refrigeration module is above the thermoelectric power generation module, and the heat absorption and temperature rising module and the phase change heat storage module are below the thermoelectric power generation module. The positive and negative electrodes of the thermoelectric power generation module are connected with the energy storage and pressurization module. The device generates thermoelectric power through the radiation refrigeration module all-weather radiation refrigeration and the heat absorption and temperature rising module high-efficiency heat absorption and heat storage temperature rising to generate a temperature difference in the semiconductor to realize power generation. The device can be integrated and assembled in a phased array form and unified energy storage and pressurization to build a large full-passive thermoelectric power generation base station. The device has the advantages of all-day power generation, independent power supply, stable output and zero energy consumption, and can supply power for outdoor devices which are inconvenient to be centrally powered. The design idea is consistent with the concept of energy saving and emission reduction and sustainable development, and has a wide application prospect.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of radiation-cooled thermoelectric power generation technology, and in particular to a compact, fully passive power generation device based on a deep-space heat sink. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, power supply methods for field equipment and remote areas include lead-acid batteries, 220V mobile power supplies, and outdoor photovoltaic energy storage power supplies. Among these, lead-acid batteries have a low energy content and their manufacturing process easily pollutes the environment; mobile power supplies have large capacity, are easy to carry, and can be used on a wide range of devices, but charging is inconvenient for long-term use, they are expensive, and they suffer from significant energy loss; outdoor photovoltaic energy storage power supplies have no risk of depletion, are safe and reliable, and are not limited by the geographical distribution of resources, but they can only generate electricity during the day and cannot be used at night, and their cost is high. Therefore, there is an urgent need to invent a power generation system that is convenient to use, has low energy consumption, no emissions, and provides independent and sustainable power supply.

[0003] Passive radiative cooling is a relatively new cooling method. It involves selecting a coating whose thermal radiation wavelength is modulated to the atmospheric window band and processing the emitter material surface to significantly increase its emissivity within the 8-13 μm atmospheric window band. Heat from this region is released as thermal radiation through the atmospheric window into the low-temperature space, making its surface temperature lower than the ambient temperature (cold end). The other surface uses an SSA thin film to absorb solar radiation, making its temperature higher than the ambient temperature (hot end). The temperature difference between the two ends is used to generate electricity. However, current radiative cooling thermoelectric power generation devices on the market suffer from small temperature differences and low voltage, requiring improvement. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the aforementioned problems, the present invention aims to provide a compact, fully passive power generation device based on a deep-space heat sink. By selecting and processing specific coatings and emitter materials at the cold end, and preparing and treating a high-efficiency heat-absorbing film at the hot end, the temperature difference between the two ends is significantly increased. An energy storage booster module is added to increase the power generation voltage. At the same time, a phase change heat storage layer is added to solve the problem of temperature drop at the hot end due to lack of sunlight at night, so as to achieve uninterrupted heat supply to the hot end and ensure continuous and stable operation of the device.

[0005] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0006] A compact, fully passive power generation device based on a deep-space heat sink is disclosed. The device includes a thermoelectric power generation module, a radiative cooling module (cold end), a heat absorption and heating module (hot end), a phase change thermal storage module, and an energy storage and boosting module. The radiative cooling module is positioned above the thermoelectric power generation module, and the heat absorption and heating module and the phase change thermal storage module are sequentially positioned below the thermoelectric power generation module. The positive and negative terminals of the thermoelectric power generation module are connected to the energy storage and boosting module. The thermoelectric power generation module generates an electromotive force using the temperature difference between the radiative cooling module and the heat absorption and heating module, which is modulated by the energy storage and boosting module to supply power to the load electrical appliances.

[0007] The radiation cooling module, from bottom to top, includes an aluminum-based emitter, an infrared emission enhancement film, and a radiation cooling layer, which are covered by a transparent cold-end shroud. The heat absorption and heating module includes an infrared reflector and a radiation absorption layer. The phase change thermal storage module is deposited and bonded to the bottom of the heat absorption and heating module. The bottom and sides of the phase change thermal storage module are covered with encapsulated aluminum foil.

[0008] Preferably, the infrared reflector is made by depositing a 145nm cobalt nanolayer on a 4mm aluminum substrate. Above the infrared reflector is a 150μm radiation absorption layer, which is made of a high-efficiency solar energy absorbing material and consists of a 43nm silicon dioxide layer, a 59nm low refractive index layer, a 113nm high refractive index layer, and a 360nm high-purity tungsten nanolayer from top to bottom. The mass ratio of silicon dioxide to tungsten in the low refractive index layer is 2.37:1, and the mass ratio of silicon dioxide to tungsten in the high refractive index layer is 1:1.97.

[0009] Preferably, the phase change thermal storage module is 5mm thick and is made of polyethylene glycol phase change material and three-dimensional network graphene and its oxide skeleton. It is deposited on the bottom of the infrared reflector of the heat absorption and heating module through physical blending and bonding to provide heat to the heat absorption and heating module in the form of latent heat all day long.

[0010] Preferably, the aluminum-based emitter is made by magnetron sputtering a 100nm reflective layer onto a 4mm high-purity aluminum plate using a titanium dioxide target. The aluminum-based emitter and the thermoelectric power generation module are fixed with thermally conductive silicone grease. Above the aluminum-based emitter is a 300μm radiation cooling layer, which is based on a 150μm polydimethylsiloxane infrared emission enhancement film and topped with a 150μm nanoscale barium sulfate radiation cooling coating. Above the radiation cooling layer is a cold-end transparent shroud made of low-density polyethylene.

[0011] Preferably, the thermoelectric power generation module is made based on the Seebeck effect of semiconductors. In the thermoelectric power generation module, the PN type semiconductors are connected alternately by copper gaskets, and the copper gaskets are fastened by rubber insulators at both ends. The thermoelectric power generation module is connected to the anode input terminal and cathode input terminal of the energy storage boosting module, and the load electrical appliance is connected to the anode output terminal and cathode output terminal of the energy storage boosting module. After the current passes through the energy storage capacitor and the bipolar amplifier circuit, it achieves the purpose of boosting voltage, stabilizing voltage, and storing energy for power supply.

[0012] Preferably, the device is connected by a phase array arrangement, with multiple power generation main structures connected in series to one energy storage booster module; the power generation main structure includes the thermoelectric power generation module, the radiative cooling module, the heat absorption and heating module, and the phase change thermal storage module.

[0013] Preferably, the average power of the device, calculated according to the Stefan-Boltzmann law, is 6.62 W / m. 2 .

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the technical solution provided by the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0015] This invention boasts advantages such as simple structure, anti-interference capability, continuous operation, stable output, long lifespan, strong environmental adaptability, and self-cleaning. It can provide self-powered electricity for off-grid appliances such as small discrete LED lights, outdoor lighting and monitoring equipment, wildlife trackers, and environmental monitoring sensors, which are difficult to power centrally, offering a new energy-saving and environmentally friendly independent power supply method for the field. Alternatively, it can be integrated on a large scale in a phase array configuration to build a fully passive thermoelectric power generation base station with energy storage for grid-connected power generation, optimizing the energy structure and promoting energy conservation and emission reduction. Attached Figure Description

[0016] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0017] Figure 1 This is a structural cross-sectional view of the compact, fully passive power generation device based on a deep-space heat sink provided by the present invention.

[0018] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached diagram: 1-Cold end transparent shroud, 2-Radiative cooling layer, 3-Infrared emission enhancement film, 4-Aluminum-based emitter, 5-Rubber insulator, 6-Copper gasket, 7-PN type semiconductor, 8-Silicon dioxide layer, 9-Low refractive index layer, 10-High refractive index layer, 11-High-purity nano-tungsten layer, 12-Infrared reflector, 13-Phase change thermal storage module, 14-Encapsulated aluminum foil, 15-Bipolar amplifier circuit, 16-Anode input terminal, 17-Cathode input terminal, 18-Energy storage capacitor, 19-Anode output terminal, 20-Cathode output terminal, 21-Load electrical appliance.

[0019] As shown in the figure, specific structures and devices are marked in the figure to clearly illustrate the structure of the embodiments of the present invention. However, this is only for illustrative purposes and is not intended to limit the present invention to the specific structure, device and environment. According to specific needs, those skilled in the art can adjust or modify these devices and environments, and such adjustments or modifications are still included in the protection scope of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0020] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the described embodiments of the present invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0021] Embodiments of the present invention provide a compact, fully passive power generation device based on a deep-space heat sink, such as... Figure 1 As shown, the device includes a thermoelectric power generation module, a radiative cooling module (cold end), a heat absorption and heating module (hot end), a phase change thermal storage module, and an energy storage and boosting module. The thermoelectric power generation module includes a thermoelectric generator, with the radiative cooling module above it and the heat absorption and heating module and the phase change thermal storage module arranged sequentially below it. The positive and negative terminals of the thermoelectric power generation module are connected to the energy storage and boosting module. The thermoelectric power generation module generates an electromotive force by utilizing the temperature difference between the radiative cooling module and the heat absorption and heating module, which is then modulated by the energy storage and boosting module to supply power to the load appliance 21.

[0022] The radiation cooling module includes, from bottom to top, an aluminum-based emitter 4, an infrared emission enhancement film 3, and a radiation cooling layer 2, which are covered inside a cold-end transparent shroud 1. The heat absorption and heating module includes an infrared reflector 12 and a radiation absorption layer. The bottom of the heat absorption and heating module is deposited with a phase change thermal storage module 13, and the bottom and sides of the phase change thermal storage module 13 are covered with encapsulated aluminum foil 14.

[0023] The infrared reflector 12 is made by depositing a 145nm nano-cobalt metal layer on a 4mm aluminum substrate. Above the infrared reflector 12 is a 150μm radiation absorption layer, which is made of a high-efficiency solar energy absorbing material. From top to bottom, it consists of a 43nm silicon dioxide layer 8, a 59nm low refractive index layer 9, a 113nm high refractive index layer 10, and a 360nm high-purity nano-tungsten layer 11. Among them, the mass ratio of silicon dioxide to tungsten in the low refractive index layer 9 is 2.37:1, and the mass ratio of silicon dioxide to tungsten in the high refractive index layer 10 is 1:1.97.

[0024] The phase change thermal storage module 13 is 5mm thick and is made of polyethylene glycol phase change material and three-dimensional network graphene and its oxide skeleton. It is deposited on the bottom of the infrared reflector 12 of the heat absorption and heating module through physical blending and bonding, so as to continuously supply heat to the heat absorption and heating module in the form of latent heat all day long.

[0025] The aluminum-based emitter 4 is made by magnetron sputtering a 100nm reflective layer onto a 4mm high-purity aluminum plate using a titanium dioxide target. The aluminum-based emitter 4 and the thermoelectric power generation module are fixed with thermally conductive silicone grease. Above the aluminum-based emitter 4 is a 300μm radiation cooling layer 2, which is based on a 150μm polydimethylsiloxane infrared emission enhancement film 3, with a 150μm nano-scale barium sulfate radiation cooling coating electrostatically sputtered on top. Above the radiation cooling layer 2 is a cold-end transparent shroud 1, which can be an infrared transparent shroud made of low-density polyethylene.

[0026] The thermoelectric power generation module is made based on the Seebeck effect of semiconductors. In the thermoelectric power generation module, the PN type semiconductors 7 are connected alternately by copper gaskets 6, and the copper gaskets 6 are fastened by rubber insulators 5 at both ends. The thermoelectric power generation module is connected to the anode input terminal 16 and the cathode input terminal 17 of the energy storage boost module. The load electrical appliance 21 is connected to the anode output terminal 19 and the cathode output terminal 20 of the energy storage boost module. After the current passes through the energy storage capacitor 18 and the bipolar amplifier circuit 15, it achieves the purpose of boosting voltage, stabilizing voltage, and storing energy for power supply.

[0027] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the device employs a phase array arrangement for connection, with multiple power generation main structures connected in series to a single energy storage booster module; wherein, the power generation main structure includes a thermoelectric power generation module, a radiative cooling module, a heat absorption and heating module, and a phase change thermal storage module. The average power of the device is calculated to be 6.62 W / m² according to the Stefan-Boltzmann law. 2 .

[0028] Compared with existing technologies, this invention has the advantages of simple structure, anti-interference, continuous operation, stable output, long life, strong environmental adaptability, and self-cleaning. It can provide a new energy-saving and environmentally friendly independent power supply method for off-grid electrical appliances such as small discrete LED lights, outdoor lighting and monitoring equipment, wildlife trackers, and environmental monitoring sensors, which are inconvenient to centrally power. Alternatively, it can be integrated and assembled on a large scale in the form of a phase array to build a fully passive thermoelectric power generation base station energy storage device for grid-connected power generation, optimizing the energy structure and promoting energy conservation and emission reduction.

[0029] Studies have shown that under clear skies, the Earth's atmosphere has excellent transmittance for electromagnetic waves in the 8-13 μm wavelength range. To achieve a cooling effect, this device employs two methods: firstly, a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) film can tune the thermal radiation wavelength of the aluminum-based emitter to the 8-13 μm atmospheric window range; simultaneously, a BaSO4 coating further enhances the emissivity of the PDMS film in this band, releasing heat primarily through thermal radiation into the low-temperature outer space; secondly, an infrared transparent shroud at the cold end reflects most of the daytime infrared radiation, while reducing heat conduction and convection between the surrounding environment and the aluminum-based emitter, thus isolating external heat sources from the radiative cooling effect and achieving a better cooling result.

[0030] In the heat absorption and heating module, the SiO2 layer has high transmittance in most solar wavelength ranges, the tungsten metal layer has high reflectivity for infrared light with wavelengths greater than 4μm, and the radiation absorption layer has extremely high absorption in the 0.3-4μm solar spectrum range. The SiO2 layer, low refractive index layer, high refractive index layer, and tungsten metal layer are arranged sequentially from top to bottom, with the refractive index gradually increasing. This structure causes the light to be gradually deflected in the solar spectrum region, effectively improving the absorption rate of solar radiation by the device and converting incident natural light into heat energy to the maximum extent.

[0031] Phase change thermal energy storage modules convert excess heat absorbed during the day into latent heat of phase change for storage, and release heat when the temperature drops at night, ensuring the hot end temperature of the thermoelectric generator and improving energy utilization efficiency.

[0032] Thermoelectric power generation modules are made based on the Seebeck effect between different semiconductors. When the two ends of a semiconductor are at different temperatures, holes diffuse from the high-temperature end to the low-temperature end due to the higher hole concentration at the hot end. In the open circuit condition, space charges are formed at both ends of the semiconductor, and an electric field appears inside the semiconductor. When the diffusion effect and the drift effect of the electric field cancel each other out, a steady state is reached, and a thermoelectric electromotive force caused by the temperature gradient appears at both ends of the semiconductor.

[0033] The energy storage booster module amplifies and stabilizes the output voltage of the thermoelectric generator to the voltage range required for normal load operation, thereby realizing the rational storage and utilization of electrical energy.

[0034] The following description, in conjunction with specific embodiments, illustrates the present invention. The following embodiments calculate the theoretical power generation of a large-scale integrated fully passive thermoelectric power generation base station.

[0035] An aluminum-based transmitter emits radiation into outer space while receiving partial solar and atmospheric radiation. Neglecting heat conduction and convection at the cold end, it is assumed that the emittance of the aluminum-based transmitter in the 8-13μm wavelength band is 100%. During the day, the temperature T of the radiation-cooled module is... cool =288.85K, temperature T of the heat absorption and heating module hot =358.15K, ambient temperature T amb =300K, the device output power is 6.62W / m 2 At night, the temperature T of the radiant cooling module cool =284.95K, temperature T of the heat absorption and heating module hot =298.15K, the device output power is 1.99W / m 2 Average daily power generation: 4.58 W / m 2 The average daily power generation per unit area is approximately 0.11 kWh, and the average annual power generation is approximately 40.23 kWh. Based on an average base area of ​​1 square kilometer, the average annual power generation is approximately 0.39 billion kWh.

[0036] It should be noted that, in this document, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or terminal device that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or terminal device. Unless otherwise specified, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or terminal device that includes said element.

[0037] The use of terms such as "an embodiment," "an embodiment," "an exemplary embodiment," and "some embodiments" in the specification indicates that the described embodiment may include a specific feature, structure, or characteristic, but not every embodiment necessarily includes that specific feature, structure, or characteristic. Furthermore, when a specific feature, structure, or characteristic is described in connection with an embodiment, implementing such a feature, structure, or characteristic in conjunction with other embodiments (whether explicitly described or not) should be within the knowledge of those skilled in the art.

[0038] Generally, terms can be understood at least partly from their use in context. For example, depending at least partly on the context, the term "one or more" as used herein can be used to describe any feature, structure, or characteristic in a singular sense, or a combination of features, structures, or characteristics in a plural sense. Additionally, the term "based on" can be understood not necessarily to convey an exclusive set of factors, but rather, alternatively, depending at least partly on the context, to allow for the presence of other factors that are not necessarily explicitly described.

[0039] It is understood that the meanings of “on”, “above” and “above” in this disclosure should be interpreted in the broadest sense, such that “on” means not only “directly on” something, but also includes something with an intermediary feature or layer, and that “above” or “above” means not only “on” something, but also includes something “above” or “above” without an intermediary feature or layer.

[0040] Furthermore, spatially related terms such as “below,” “under,” “lower,” “above,” and “upper” are used herein for convenience to describe the relationship of one element or feature to one or more other elements or features, as illustrated in the accompanying drawings. Spatially related terms are intended to cover different orientations in the use or operation of the device other than those depicted in the accompanying drawings. The device may be oriented in other ways, and the spatially related descriptive terms used herein can be interpreted similarly.

[0041] This invention encompasses any substitutions, modifications, equivalent methods, and solutions made within the spirit and scope of this invention. To provide the public with a thorough understanding of this invention, specific details are described in detail in the following preferred embodiments; however, those skilled in the art will fully understand the invention even without these details. Furthermore, to avoid unnecessary misunderstanding of the essence of this invention, well-known methods, processes, procedures, components, and circuits are not described in detail.

[0042] Those skilled in the art will understand that all or part of the steps in the methods of the above embodiments can be implemented by a program instructing related hardware. The program can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, such as ROM / RAM, magnetic disk, optical disk, etc.

[0043] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A compact, fully passive power generation device based on a deep-space heat sink, characterized in that, The device includes a thermoelectric power generation module, a radiative cooling module, a heat absorption and heating module, a phase change thermal storage module, and an energy storage and boosting module; the radiative cooling module is arranged above the thermoelectric power generation module, and the heat absorption and heating module and the phase change thermal storage module are arranged in sequence below the thermoelectric power generation module; the positive and negative terminals of the thermoelectric power generation module are connected to the energy storage and boosting module, and the thermoelectric power generation module generates an electromotive force by utilizing the temperature difference between the radiative cooling module and the heat absorption and heating module, which is then modulated by the energy storage and boosting module to supply power to the load electrical appliance (21); The radiation cooling module includes, from bottom to top, an aluminum-based emitter (4), an infrared emission enhancement film (3), and a radiation cooling layer (2), which are covered inside a cold-end transparent shroud (1); the heat absorption and heating module includes an infrared reflector (12) and a radiation absorption layer, and the phase change heat storage module (13) is deposited and bonded to the bottom of the heat absorption and heating module. The bottom and sides of the phase change heat storage module (13) are covered with encapsulated aluminum foil (14); The infrared reflector (12) is made by depositing a 145 nm nano-cobalt metal layer on a 4 mm aluminum substrate. Above the infrared reflector (12) is a 150 µm radiation absorption layer, which is made of a high-efficiency solar energy absorption material. From top to bottom, it consists of a 43 nm silicon dioxide layer (8), a 59 nm low refractive index layer (9), a 113 nm high refractive index layer (10), and a 360 nm high-purity nano-tungsten layer (11). Among them, the mass ratio of silicon dioxide to tungsten in the low refractive index layer (9) is 2.37:1, and the mass ratio of silicon dioxide to tungsten in the high refractive index layer (10) is 1:1.

97. The aluminum-based emitter (4) is made by magnetron sputtering a 100 nm reflective layer onto a 4 mm high-purity aluminum plate using a titanium dioxide target. The aluminum-based emitter (4) and the thermoelectric power generation module are fixed by thermally conductive silicone grease. Above the aluminum-based emitter (4) is a 300 µm radiation cooling layer (2). The radiation cooling layer (2) is based on a 150 µm polydimethylsiloxane infrared emission enhancement film (3), and a 150 µm nanoscale barium sulfate radiation cooling coating is electrostatically sputtered on top. Above the radiation cooling layer (2) is a cold-end transparent shroud (1) made of low-density polyethylene.

2. The compact, fully passive power generation device based on a deep-space heat sink according to claim 1, characterized in that, The phase change thermal storage module (13) is 5 mm thick and is made of polyethylene glycol phase change material and three-dimensional mesh graphene and its oxide skeleton. It is deposited on the bottom of the infrared reflector (12) of the heat absorption and heating module by physical blending and bonding, so as to continuously supply heat to the heat absorption and heating module in the form of latent heat all day long.

3. The compact, fully passive power generation device based on a deep-space heat sink according to claim 1, characterized in that, The thermoelectric power generation module is made based on the Seebeck effect of semiconductors. In the thermoelectric power generation module, PN type semiconductors (7) are connected in an alternating manner through copper gaskets (6), and the copper gaskets (6) are fastened by rubber insulators (5) at both ends. The thermoelectric power generation module is connected to the anode input terminal (16) and cathode input terminal (17) of the energy storage boosting module. The load electrical appliance (21) is connected to the anode output terminal (19) and cathode output terminal (20) of the energy storage boosting module. After the current passes through the energy storage capacitor (18) and the bipolar amplifier circuit (15), it achieves the purpose of boosting voltage, stabilizing voltage, and storing energy for power supply.

4. The compact, fully passive power generation device based on a deep-space heat sink according to claim 1, characterized in that, The device uses a phase array arrangement for connection, with multiple power generation main structures connected in series to one energy storage booster module; the power generation main structure includes the thermoelectric power generation module, the radiative cooling module, the heat absorption heating module, and the phase change thermal storage module.

5. The compact, fully passive power generation device based on a deep-space heat sink according to claim 1, characterized in that, The average power of the device, calculated according to the Stefan-Boltzmann law, is 6.62 W / m. 2 .

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