Phased array antennas, airborne antennas and satellite communication systems

Abstract

The application discloses a phased array antenna, an airborne antenna and a satellite communication system. The phased array antenna comprises a transmitting array module, a receiving array module, a mode selection module, a beam forming control module and a signal parameter adjustment module. The mode selection module is used for switching a satellite orbit working mode. The beam forming control module is used for controlling an output beam of the transmitting array module and an input beam of the receiving array module. The signal parameter adjustment module is used for adaptively adjusting the power and the frequency of the output beam and the input beam. The phased array antenna can support the satellite working in high and low orbits simultaneously.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of communication technology, and in particular to a phased array antenna, an airborne antenna, and a satellite communication system. Background Technology

[0002] A phased array antenna is an antenna that changes its radiation pattern shape by controlling the feed phase of the radiating elements in the array. By controlling the phase, the direction of the maximum radiation value can be changed to achieve beam scanning. The required ground station performance index (G / T), EIRP (Effective Isotropic Radiated Power), and instantaneous operating bandwidth of a phased array antenna differ in different orbital operating modes. G / T reflects the performance of the ground station receiving system, where G is the receiving antenna gain and T is the equivalent noise temperature, representing the noise performance of the receiving system. EIRP is the product of the power transmitted by the antenna of the earth station or satellite and the antenna gain. For example, the required ground station performance index (G / T) and EIRP for airborne phased array antennas in low Earth orbit (LEO) operating mode are about 10 dB lower than those in high Earth orbit (LEO) operating mode, while the instantaneous operating bandwidth is several times higher.

[0003] With the continuous development of satellite communication systems such as Ka / Ku dual-band satellite communication systems, high- and low-orbit integrated satellite communication systems have become a trend. For airborne phased array antennas that integrate high- and low-orbit systems, they must not only support high-orbit and medium- and low-orbit working modes, but also low-orbit working modes.

[0004] Therefore, how to achieve a low-cost phased array antenna that supports different satellite orbit operating modes is a technical problem that needs to be solved by technicians in this field. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This application provides a phased array antenna, an airborne antenna, and a satellite communication system that can support satellites operating in orbital mode.

[0006] To address the aforementioned technical problems, the embodiments of the present invention provide the following technical solutions:

[0007] One embodiment of the present invention provides a phased array antenna, comprising:

[0008] Transmitter array module, receiver array module, mode selection module, beamforming control module, and signal parameter adjustment module;

[0009] The mode selection module is used to switch the satellite orbit working mode;

[0010] The beamforming control module is used to control the output beam of the transmitting array module and the input beam of the receiving array module based on the operating parameters of the satellite's current orbital operating mode.

[0011] The signal parameter adjustment module is used to adaptively adjust the power and frequency of the output beam and the input beam.

[0012] Optionally, the transmitting array module includes multiple T modules, and each T module includes multiple radiating array elements;

[0013] Each T module is used to process the signal to be transmitted; each radiating element is used to radiate the signal from the corresponding T module.

[0014] Accordingly, the beamforming control module includes a transmit beamforming control module; the transmit beamforming control module is used to calculate the phase of each T module based on the aircraft attitude position information and the satellite position; or to adjust the phase of the output beam by tracking the satellite downlink beam.

[0015] Optionally, the receiving array module includes multiple R modules, and each R module includes multiple conversion array elements;

[0016] Each R module is used to process the received signal; each conversion array element is used to convert the spatial electromagnetic wave signal of the corresponding R module into an electrical signal;

[0017] Accordingly, the beamforming control module includes a receiving beamforming control module for calculating the phase of each R module based on the aircraft attitude position information and the satellite position, or for calculating the phase of each R module based on the beam pointing of the transmitting beamforming control module.

[0018] Optionally, the beamforming control module is used to generate a beam control word according to the track control command and operating parameters sent by the mode selection module, and to perform beamforming on the output beam or input beam according to the beam control word.

[0019] Optionally, the beamforming control module is used to generate beam control words according to the operating frequency carried by the high orbit control command when a high orbit control command is received.

[0020] Optionally, the beamforming control module is used to generate a corresponding beam control word according to the working frequency carried by the low orbit control command when it receives a low orbit control command, if the current working bandwidth is less than the working bandwidth of the high orbit working mode, and at the same time control the signal parameter adjustment module to perform power attenuation according to the first attenuation value.

[0021] If the current operating bandwidth is greater than the operating bandwidth of the high-orbit operating mode, the corresponding beam control word and operating bandwidth offset increment value are generated according to the operating frequency carried by the low-orbit control command, and the signal parameter adjustment module is controlled to perform power attenuation according to the second attenuation value.

[0022] Optionally, the transmitting array module includes multiple T-modules, each T-module including multiple radiating array elements; the beamforming control module is used for:

[0023] If the current operating bandwidth is greater than the operating bandwidth of the high-orbit operating mode, and the operating bandwidth at the current moment is the same as the operating bandwidth at the previous moment, then the beam control words of each T module are sent to the corresponding target T module, so that the target T module performs beamforming according to the corresponding beam control words and the operating bandwidth offset increment value that matches the previous moment.

[0024] Optionally, the transmitting array module includes multiple T-modules, each T-module including multiple radiating array elements; the beamforming control module is used for:

[0025] If the current operating bandwidth is greater than the operating bandwidth of the high-orbit operating mode, for each T module, the operating bandwidth offset increment value of the current T module is calculated based on the current operating bandwidth, the operating bandwidth of the high-orbit operating mode, the operating frequency carried by the low-orbit control command, and the total number of radiating array elements in the current T module; the phase parameter of the current moment is determined based on the operating bandwidth offset increment value of the current T module and the beam control word at the current moment; the phase difference between the phase parameter at the current moment and the phase parameter at the previous moment is sent to the corresponding target T module so that the target T module performs beamforming based on the phase difference value.

[0026] Another aspect of the present invention provides an airborne antenna, including a phased array antenna as described in any of the preceding claims.

[0027] Finally, this embodiment of the invention also provides a satellite communication system, including the airborne antenna and airborne communication terminal as described above;

[0028] The airborne communication terminal is used to determine the target orbit working mode of the satellite based on the signal communication link quality signal, and to control the airborne antenna to switch to the corresponding satellite orbit working mode according to the target orbit working mode.

[0029] The advantage of the technical solution provided in this application is that a mode selection module is set in the phased array antenna to switch the satellite orbit working mode, so that the phased array antenna matches the current orbit working mode of the satellite. The beamforming control module performs beamforming control on the satellite signals received or transmitted by the antenna based on the working parameters of the satellite in the current orbit working mode, thereby realizing a low-cost antenna that supports satellites to work in high orbit, medium and low orbit and low orbit.

[0030] Furthermore, embodiments of the present invention also provide corresponding airborne antennas and satellite communication systems for phased array antennas, further enhancing the practicality of the phased array antennas, and the airborne antennas and satellite communication systems have corresponding advantages.

[0031] It should be understood that the above general description and the following detailed description are merely exemplary and do not limit this disclosure. Attached Figure Description

[0032] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention or related technologies, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or related technologies will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0033] Figure 1 This is a structural diagram of a specific embodiment of the phased array antenna provided in this invention.

[0034] Figure 2 This is a structural diagram of another specific embodiment of the phased array antenna provided in this invention.

[0035] Figure 3 A geometric structure diagram of a uniform rectangular array provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 4 A structural diagram of a specific implementation of a satellite communication system provided in this invention;

[0037] Figure 5 This is a structural diagram of another specific embodiment of the satellite communication system provided in this invention. Detailed Implementation

[0038] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the present invention, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are merely some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0039] The terms "first," "second," "third," "fourth," etc., in the specification, claims, and accompanying drawings of this application are used to distinguish different objects, not to describe a specific order. Furthermore, the terms "comprising" and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion. For example, a process, method, system, product, or apparatus that includes a series of steps or units is not limited to the listed steps or units, but may include steps or units not listed.

[0040] After introducing the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the various non-limiting embodiments of this application will be described in detail below.

[0041] First see Figure 1 , Figure 1 In one specific implementation of the phased array antenna provided in the embodiments of the present invention, the embodiments of the present invention may include the following:

[0042] The phased array antenna may include a transmitting array module 11, a receiving array module 12, a mode selection module 13, a beamforming control module 14, and a signal parameter adjustment module 15.

[0043] The system comprises several modules: a transmitting array module 11, consisting of multiple transmitting units, for transmitting data to be sent; a receiving array module 12, consisting of multiple receiving units, for transmitting received data to its destination; a mode selection module 13, for switching satellite orbit operating modes, allowing switching from the current operating mode to any supported mode, including high-Earth orbit, low-Earth orbit, and medium-low Earth orbit (LEO) modes; and a high-Earth orbit or LEO mode, typically determined by the signal communication link quality (achievable operating rate) of the satellite. A beamforming control module 14, based on the operating parameters of the satellite's current orbit operating mode, controls the output beam of the transmitting array module and the input beam of the receiving array module. Operating parameters include, but are not limited to, the attitude and position information of the spacecraft and the satellite position. The spacecraft refers to the device equipped with a phased array antenna, and the satellite refers to the device that transmits signals with the phased array antenna. Controlling the output and input beams includes, but is not limited to, determining the phase of the output and input beams. A signal parameter adjustment module 15 is used to adaptively adjust the power and frequency of the output and input beams. The signal parameter adjustment module 15 may include a transmit power adjustment module and a receive power adjustment module. The transmit power adjustment module is used to adjust the parameters of the transmit beam, i.e., the output beam, and the receive power adjustment module is used to adjust the parameters of the receive beam, i.e., the input beam.

[0044] In the technical solution provided by the embodiments of the present invention, a mode selection module is set in the phased array antenna to switch the satellite orbit working mode, so that the phased array antenna matches the current orbit working mode of the satellite. The beamforming control module performs beamforming control on the satellite signals received or transmitted by the antenna based on the working parameters of the satellite in the current orbit working mode, thereby realizing an antenna that supports satellites to work in high orbit, medium low orbit, and low orbit.

[0045] In the above embodiments, no limitations are placed on the structure of the transmitting array module 11 and the receiving array module 12. This embodiment also provides an optional structure for the transmitting array module 11 and the receiving array module 12, which may include the following:

[0046] The transmitting array module 11 may include multiple T modules or T components, and each T module includes multiple radiating array elements. For example... Figure 2As shown, the transmit array module 11 may include N T modules, each T module including M radiating elements. Each T module is used to process the signal to be transmitted, including but not limited to amplification, phase shifting, and splitting of the signal; each radiating element is used to radiate the signal of the corresponding T module. Correspondingly, the beamforming control module 14 may include a transmit beamforming control module; the transmit beamforming control module realizes the beam control of the transmit array module, that is, the transmit beamforming control module is used to calculate the phase of each T module according to the aircraft attitude position information and satellite position; or to track and adjust the phase of the output beam through the satellite downlink beam.

[0047] The receiving array module 12 may include multiple R modules, or R components, and each R module includes multiple conversion array elements; such as Figure 2 As shown, the receiving array module 12 may include P R modules, each R module including Q conversion array elements. Each R module is used to perform signal processing on the received signal, including but not limited to amplification, phase shifting, and combining of the signal; each conversion array element is used to convert the spatial electromagnetic wave signal of the corresponding R module into an electrical signal. Correspondingly, the beamforming control module 14 may include a receiving beamforming control module, which implements beam control of the receiving array module, that is, the receiving beamforming control module is used to calculate the phase of each R module according to the aircraft attitude position information and satellite position, or to calculate the phase of each R module according to the beam pointing of the transmitting beamforming control module.

[0048] In this embodiment, the number of T modules, R modules, radiation array elements, and conversion array elements can be flexibly selected according to the actual application scenario. This application does not impose any limitations on this.

[0049] The above embodiments do not limit how the beamforming control module 14 controls beamforming. This embodiment also provides an optional operating mode for the beamforming control module 14, which may include the following:

[0050] The beamforming control module 14 generates a beam control word based on the orbit control command and operating parameters sent by the mode selection module 13, and performs beamforming on the output or input beam according to the beam control word. Specifically, the beamforming control module 13 can generate a beam control word according to the operating frequency carried in the high orbit control command when it receives a high orbit control command. When it receives a low orbit control command, if the current operating bandwidth is less than the operating bandwidth of the high orbit operating mode, the beamforming control module 13 generates a corresponding beam control word according to the operating frequency carried in the low orbit control command, while the control signal parameter adjustment module performs power attenuation according to a first attenuation value; if the current operating bandwidth is greater than the operating bandwidth of the high orbit operating mode, the beamforming control module generates a corresponding beam control word and an operating bandwidth offset increment value according to the operating frequency carried in the low orbit control command, while the control signal parameter adjustment module performs power attenuation according to a second attenuation value.

[0051] Optionally, if the transmitting array module includes multiple T modules, each T module includes multiple radiating elements; the beamforming control module is used to: if the current operating bandwidth is greater than the operating bandwidth of the high-orbit operating mode, and the operating bandwidth at the current moment is the same as the operating bandwidth at the previous moment, then send the beam control word of each T module to the corresponding target T module, so that the target T module performs beamforming according to the corresponding beam control word and the operating bandwidth offset increment value matched at the previous moment. If the transmitting array module includes multiple T modules, each T module includes multiple radiating elements; the beamforming control module is used to: if the current operating bandwidth is greater than the operating bandwidth of the high-orbit operating mode, for each T module, calculate the current T module's operating bandwidth offset increment value based on the current operating bandwidth, the operating bandwidth of the high-orbit operating mode, the operating frequency carried by the low-orbit control command, and the total number of radiating elements in the current T module; determine the phase parameter at the current moment based on the current T module's operating bandwidth offset increment value and the beam control word at the current moment; send the phase difference between the current phase parameter and the phase parameter at the previous moment to the corresponding target T module, so that the target T module performs beamforming according to the phase difference value.

[0052] In this embodiment, when the mode selection module 13 is operating in high-orbit mode, it sends high-orbit control commands and the operating frequency f. w-GEO The transmit beamforming control module and the receive beamforming control module are configured to operate at a frequency f. w-GEO This generates beam control words to achieve beamforming. Assume the 3dB operating bandwidth of the transmit and receive arrays is BW. t-GEO and BW r-GEOSince the phased array antenna operating in high-Earth orbit mode naturally meets the transmission bandwidth requirements, the mode selection module 13 does not need to send operating bandwidth to the transmit beamforming control module and the receive beamforming control module. When the mode selection module 13 operates in low-Earth orbit mode, it sends low-Earth orbit control commands and the operating frequency f. w-LEO Operating bandwidth (BW) w-LEO Provide a transmit beamforming control module and a receive beamforming control module. Since the beamforming control methods for the transmit and receive beams are the same, we will take the transmit channel as an example here:

[0053] If the working bandwidth is BW w-t-LEO Less than BW t-GEO Then the transmit beamforming control module operates according to the working frequency f w-t-LEO The system generates a beam control word to achieve beamforming and simultaneously controls the transmit power adjustment module to attenuate by L dB. The L value can be obtained from the link budget and can generally be simply estimated as the difference between the low-Earth orbit link attenuation difference and the low-Earth orbit satellite receiving antenna G / T difference.

[0054] If the working bandwidth is BW w-t-LEO Greater than BW t-GEO Control the transmit power adjustment module to attenuate L-10log10(BW) w-LEO / BW t-GEO )dB. The transmit beamforming control module operates at frequency f w-t-LEO Generate the beam control word φ for the nth T module n =(φ1, φ2, ..., φ m ), m represents the total number of beam control words included in each T module, that is, the total number of array elements contained in each T module, and also the incremental value of the transmitted working bandwidth offset φ. n-delta The T module is used to implement beamforming. The method for generating and using the working bandwidth offset increment value is as follows:

[0055] As an optional implementation, the number of array elements m in the T module is typically 2, 4, or 8. Therefore, the beam control word for array elements 1 to m of the nth T module is φ. n =(φ1, φ2, ..., φ m Correspondingly, φ n-delta =(BW w-t-LEO -BW t-GEO ) / m / f w-t-LEO The T module is based on φ n =(φ1, φ2, ..., φ m ) and calculate the control word φ of the corresponding array element. n-deltas =(1-m / 2*φ) n--delta 1-(m / 2-1)*φ n-delta , …, 1+(m / 2-1)*φn-delta ,1+m / 2*φ n-delta We get: φ n，r =φ n *φ n-deltas * indicates multiplication of corresponding atom numbers, φ n，r This indicates that the phase control quantity is calculated by component T. In this embodiment, as long as the bandwidth remains constant, only the beam control word φ needs to be transmitted. n However, since the T module requires a multiplier, the requirements for the T component are relatively high.

[0056] As an alternative implementation, the transmit beamforming control module generates a phase control increment φn, d = φ n，r –φ n The transmit beamforming module increments the phase control φ n，d The phase shifts transmitted to the T module are usually very small, resulting in a small amount of data and higher transmission efficiency.

[0057] The beam control word can be generated according to the following method:

[0058] The geometry of a uniform rectangular array and the definition of the array antenna angular coordinates are as follows: Figure 3 As shown, the phased array radar receiver array is located on the xoy plane, with M×N array elements. The array elements are uniformly distributed parallel to the x-axis and y-axis, and the spacing between each array element is d. x and d y The angle between the projection of the incident signal onto the xoy plane and the x-axis is the azimuth angle. Its value ranges from -90° to 90°; the angle between the incident direction and the z-axis is the elevation angle θ, which ranges from 0° to 90°. The beam control word can then be generated according to the following formula:

[0059]

[0060]

[0061] φ m =φ a +φ b

[0062] In the formula, D x Let M be the subarray spacing in the x-direction, and M be the total number of array elements in the x-direction. D y φ represents the subarray spacing in the y-direction, and N represents the total number of array elements in the y-direction. a For the y-direction phase scan control word relative to the origin, φ b The x-direction phase scan control word is relative to the origin, λ is the electromagnetic wave wavelength, and φ is the phase scan control word. m This is a two-dimensional phase scan control word.

[0063] Based on the above embodiments, this application also provides an airborne antenna that can be deployed in any aircraft, and the airborne antenna may include the phased array antenna described in any of the above embodiments.

[0064] In addition, this application also provides a satellite communication system, please refer to [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 4 It may include an airborne antenna 41 and an airborne communication terminal 42. Both the airborne antenna 41 and the airborne communication terminal 42 are deployed in the aircraft, and the airborne communication terminal 42 communicates with the airborne antenna 41.

[0065] The airborne communication terminal 42 can be used to determine the target orbit working mode of the satellite based on the signal communication link quality signal, and control the airborne antenna 41 to switch to the corresponding satellite orbit working mode according to the target orbit working mode.

[0066] Furthermore, such as Figure 5 As shown, the airborne communication terminal may include a modulation, demodulation, and management unit. This unit determines the target orbit operating mode of the satellite based on the signal communication link quality signal and sends the target orbit operating mode to the airborne antenna 41, i.e., the phased array antenna's high / low orbit mode selection module. Further, the modulation, demodulation, and management unit includes a baseband transceiver module. This module transmits data to the airborne antenna. To enable the airborne antenna to process the signal data, it undergoes up-conversion processing by an up-conversion module. The resulting data is then sent to a transmit power adjustment module for power adjustment, and finally, the power-adjusted data is sent to the transmit array module. Similarly, when the airborne antenna transmits signal data to the airborne communication terminal, the receive array module sends the signal data to a receive power adjustment module for power adjustment. The power-adjusted data is then sent to a down-conversion module, which performs frequency conversion processing to obtain a baseband signal and sends the resulting baseband signal to the baseband transceiver module.

[0067] The functions of each functional module of the airborne antenna described in this embodiment of the invention can be implemented according to the specific implementation of the phased array antenna in the above embodiments. The specific implementation process can be referred to the relevant description in the above method embodiments, which will not be repeated here.

[0068] As can be seen from the above, this embodiment can support satellites operating in orbital mode.

[0069] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner. Each embodiment focuses on the differences from other embodiments. The same or similar parts between the various embodiments can be referred to each other.

[0070] Those skilled in the art will further recognize that the units and algorithm steps of the various examples described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented in electronic hardware, computer software, or a combination of both. To clearly illustrate the interchangeability of hardware and software, the components and steps of the various examples have been generally described in terms of functionality in the foregoing description. Whether these functions are implemented in hardware or software depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Those skilled in the art can use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementations should not be considered beyond the scope of this invention.

[0071] The phased array antenna, airborne antenna, and satellite communication system provided in this application have been described in detail above. Specific examples have been used to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of the invention. The descriptions of the embodiments above are merely for the purpose of helping to understand the method and core ideas of the invention. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various improvements and modifications to this application without departing from the principles of the invention, and these improvements and modifications also fall within the protection scope of the claims of this application.

Claims

1. A phased array antenna, characterized in that, include: Transmitter array module, receiver array module, mode selection module, beamforming control module, and signal parameter adjustment module; The mode selection module is used to switch the satellite orbit working mode; The beamforming control module is used to control the output beam of the transmitting array module and the input beam of the receiving array module based on the operating parameters of the satellite's current orbital operating mode. The signal parameter adjustment module is used to adaptively adjust the power and frequency of the output beam and the input beam; The beamforming control module is also used to: when receiving a low orbit control command, compare the current working bandwidth with the working bandwidth of the high orbit working mode; if the current working bandwidth is less than the working bandwidth of the high orbit working mode, generate a corresponding beam control word according to the working frequency carried by the low orbit control command, and at the same time control the signal parameter adjustment module to perform power attenuation according to the first attenuation value. The first attenuation value is the difference between the low-Earth orbit link attenuation difference and the low-Earth orbit satellite receiving antenna G / T difference; If the current operating bandwidth is greater than the operating bandwidth of the high-orbit operating mode, then a corresponding beam control word and operating bandwidth offset increment value are generated according to the operating frequency carried by the low-orbit control command. Simultaneously, the signal parameter adjustment module is controlled to perform power attenuation according to a second attenuation value, where the second attenuation value is L-10log10(BW). w-LEO / BW t-GEO dB, L is the first attenuation value, BW w-LEO For the low Earth orbit operating mode, BW t-GEO The operating bandwidth for high-orbit operation mode.

2. The phased array antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, The transmitting array module includes multiple T modules, and each T module includes multiple radiating array elements; Each T module is used to process the signal to be transmitted; each radiating element is used to radiate the signal from the corresponding T module. Accordingly, the beamforming control module includes a transmit beamforming control module; The transmit beamforming control module is used to calculate the phase of each T module based on the aircraft attitude position information and the satellite position; or to adjust the phase of the output beam by tracking the satellite downlink beam.

3. The phased array antenna according to claim 2, characterized in that, The receiving array module includes multiple R modules, and each R module includes multiple conversion array elements; Each R module is used to process the received signal; each conversion array element is used to convert the spatial electromagnetic wave signal of the corresponding R module into an electrical signal; Accordingly, the beamforming control module includes a receiving beamforming control module for calculating the phase of each R module based on the aircraft attitude position information and the satellite position, or for calculating the phase of each R module based on the beam pointing of the transmitting beamforming control module.

4. The phased array antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, The beamforming control module is used to generate beam control words according to the track control commands and operating parameters sent by the mode selection module, and to perform beamforming on the output beam or the input beam according to the beam control words.

5. The phased array antenna according to claim 4, characterized in that, The beamforming control module is used to generate beam control words according to the operating frequency carried by the high orbit control command when a high orbit control command is received.

6. The phased array antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, The transmitting array module includes multiple T-modules, and each T-module includes multiple radiating array elements; the beamforming control module is used for: If the current operating bandwidth is greater than the operating bandwidth of the high-orbit operating mode, and the operating bandwidth at the current moment is the same as the operating bandwidth at the previous moment, then the beam control words of each T module are sent to the corresponding target T module, so that the target T module performs beamforming according to the corresponding beam control words and the operating bandwidth offset increment value that matches the previous moment.

7. The phased array antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, The transmitting array module includes multiple T-modules, and each T-module includes multiple radiating array elements; the beamforming control module is used for: If the current operating bandwidth is greater than the operating bandwidth of the high-orbit operating mode, for each T module, the operating bandwidth offset increment value of the current T module is calculated based on the current operating bandwidth, the operating bandwidth of the high-orbit operating mode, the operating frequency carried by the low-orbit control command, and the total number of radiating array elements in the current T module; the phase parameters at the current moment are determined based on the operating bandwidth offset increment value of the current T module and the beam control word at the current moment. The phase difference between the phase parameter at the current moment and the phase parameter at the previous moment is sent to the corresponding target T module so that the target T module performs beamforming based on the phase difference.

8. An airborne antenna, characterized in that, Includes the phased array antenna as described in any one of claims 1 to 7.

9. A satellite communication system, characterized in that, Includes the airborne antenna and airborne communication terminal as described in claim 8; The airborne communication terminal is used to determine the target orbit working mode of the satellite based on the signal communication link quality signal, and to control the airborne antenna to switch to the corresponding satellite orbit working mode according to the target orbit working mode.

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