A planting device and method with multi-stage cultivation lighting

Abstract

This invention relates to a planting device and method with multi-stage cultivation illumination. The device includes a plant growth stage change detection module, a processing module, and an environmental control module. The plant growth stage change detection module measures plant growth stage information and includes a stage detection unit, a temperature detection unit, and a substrate humidity detection unit. This invention regulates the external environmental changes at multiple stages of plant growth and dynamically controls irradiation parameters through the illumination unit, ensuring that each stage of plant growth is in an optimal environment, shortening the plant's growth cycle, and achieving rapid yield and harvest. The environmental adjustment process dynamically adjusts preset parameters, saving labor costs and automatically detecting changes in the plant's growth environment, thus achieving automated breeding. It automatically adjusts plant growth, reproductive development, and morphogenesis, shortens the growth cycle, improves quality, and reduces energy consumption and costs.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of plant cultivation technology, and in particular to a planting device and method with multi-stage cultivation lighting. Background Technology

[0002] Wheat is one of the most important food crops today, with a large planting area and wide distribution, second only to rice and corn. Under current planting conditions, wheat's growth cycle is as long as 160-180 days, leading to reduced income for farmers and lower grain yields. In wheat production, monitoring and controlling the growth status, growing environment, and related changes are crucial technical measures. However, wheat has different light parameter requirements at different growth stages, including light intensity, photoperiod, and light quality ratio. The light parameters required by wheat are also affected by nutrient solution formulation, temperature, and substrate moisture. Properly controlling the wheat's light environment can further shorten its growth cycle. Therefore, there is a need for a multi-stage planting device and method in a plant factory environment that can shorten the wheat's growth cycle by controlling the environment in which the wheat is situated, taking into account the different characteristics of each stage.

[0003] Chinese patent application CN105706694B discloses a method for indoor cultivation of winter wheat. This patent belongs to agricultural research technology and relates to the field of crop cultivation, specifically a method suitable for indoor cultivation of winter wheat. The method for indoor cultivation of winter wheat is characterized by the following main steps: (i) indoor cultivation before sowing and tillering; (ii) artificial vernalization treatment; (iii) indoor cultivation from jointing to booting stage; and (iv) indoor cultivation from booting to maturity stage. This patent is simple to operate, has a controllable procedure, and is economical and practical. It can solve the problem of unsatisfactory indoor cultivation results for winter wheat, significantly shorten the growth time, and obtain robust and uniform plants that complete the entire growth cycle. It is a method for indoor cultivation of winter wheat that promotes the formation of large, plump seeds. However, the patent has a drawback: while it controls the natural environmental conditions for wheat growth and cultivates it indoors, providing external cultivation conditions for winter-hardy wheat and shortening its growth cycle, the reduction efficiency is low, only half the natural growth time. Compared to artificial indoor cultivation, it is not economically viable. Artificial indoor cultivation is costly, and workers need to constantly monitor the wheat's growth, requiring frequent watering, pruning of excess young tillers, and fertilization. This non-intelligent operation method cannot achieve industrialized cultivation.

[0004] Chinese patent application CN105393773B discloses a method for planting wheat, including: Step 1, irrigating the planting area thoroughly, followed by a first deep plowing, applying base fertilizer to the plowed area, and then a second deep plowing; Step 2, treating dried wheat seeds with insecticides and fungicides to obtain treated wheat seeds, and sowing the treated wheat seeds at a planting rate of 12-20 kg / mu and a planting depth of 3-6 cm; Step 3, irrigating and applying topdressing fertilizer; Step 4, spraying the wheat with growth promoters and urea; Step 5, spraying the wheat with foliar fertilizer; Step 6, irrigating the wheat during the grain-filling stage; Step 7, harvesting 180-190 days after sowing. This patent provides a wheat planting method that can shorten the wheat growth cycle, increase germination rate, reduce environmental pollution, reduce pesticide residues in wheat, and increase yield. This patent aims to shorten the wheat growth cycle, increase germination rate, and improve yield by rationally planning the irrigation, deep plowing, and fertilization processes for wheat, and by treating wheat seeds with pesticides to reduce pests and diseases and by using pesticides appropriately. However, this method is not very effective in shortening the wheat growth cycle, failing to reduce it to less than half of the natural growth cycle. Furthermore, the lack of adjustment of light exposure to the external environment of the wheat results in a low overall photosynthetic level and low yield.

[0005] Furthermore, on the one hand, there are differences in understanding among those skilled in the art; on the other hand, the inventors studied a large number of documents and patents when making this invention, but due to space limitations, not all details and contents were listed in detail. However, this does not mean that the present invention does not possess the features of these prior art. On the contrary, the present invention already possesses all the features of the prior art, and the applicant reserves the right to add relevant prior art to the background art. Summary of the Invention

[0006] Current technologies for shortening the wheat growth cycle are limited to the rational planning of irrigation, deep plowing, and fertilization processes, and seed treatment with pesticides to reduce pests and diseases. These methods aim to shorten the growth cycle, increase germination rate, and improve yield. While crop cultivation has proposed indoor cultivation by controlling the natural environmental conditions for wheat growth, the parameters used in this method are not correlated. It is impossible to adjust light parameters according to the different external conditions required for various stages of wheat growth, resulting in high costs and failing to achieve the desired cycle shortening, thus lacking a basis for widespread application.

[0007] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, the present invention provides a planting device with multi-stage cultivation illumination. The device includes a plant growth stage change detection module, a processing module, and an environmental control module. The plant growth stage change detection module measures plant growth stage information and includes a stage detection unit, a temperature detection unit, and a substrate moisture detection unit. The processing module includes a receiving unit, a result processing unit, and a transmitting unit. The receiving unit receives the plant growth stage information from the plant growth stage change detection module and transmits the received information to the result processing unit. The result processing unit includes detection parameters characterizing the plant growth stage and standard values ​​for temperature and substrate moisture applicable to that stage. The result processing unit compares and analyzes the plant growth stage information with the detection parameters, temperature, and substrate moisture standard values, and transmits the comparison and analysis results to the environmental control module via the transmitting unit. This invention regulates the external environmental changes at multiple stages of plant growth and dynamically controls the illumination parameters through the illumination unit, ensuring that each stage of plant growth is in an optimal growth environment, shortening the plant's growth cycle, and achieving rapid yield increase and harvest. The environmental adjustment process dynamically adjusts preset parameters, saving labor costs and automatically detecting changes in the plant growth environment to achieve automated breeding. It automatically adjusts plant growth, reproductive development, and morphogenesis, shortens the growth cycle, improves quality, and reduces energy consumption and costs. Compared to manual cultivation, this device has detection and management functions, enabling real-time control of the plant environment at multiple stages.

[0008] According to a preferred embodiment, the environmental control module dynamically adjusts the irradiation parameters of the light unit based at least on the current growth stage of the plant and the environmental parameters in the current growth environment in order to shorten the plant's growth cycle.

[0009] According to a preferred embodiment, the irradiation parameters include at least: light intensity, photoperiod, and light quality ratio. The environmental control module dynamically adjusts the irradiation parameters of the lighting unit based on at least the following formula: In the above formula, Indicates the current growth stage of the plant. This represents the environmental parameters in the current growth environment. Indicates light intensity. Indicates the optical period. This indicates the light quality ratio.

[0010] In the above formula , , , , Before conducting multi-stage cultivation of plants, settings, modifications, or savings can be made through the aforementioned environmental control module.

[0011] According to a preferred embodiment, the environmental parameters in the current growth environment include at least: the ambient temperature detected by the temperature detection unit; the soil moisture detected by the substrate moisture detection unit; and the aeroponic parameters derived by the environmental control module based on the ambient temperature, soil moisture, and the current growth stage of the plant. It should be noted that this invention uses wheat as an example to illustrate the parameters and stages, and does not imply that this invention can be used for the cultivation of other plants, such as rice.

[0012] According to a preferred embodiment, the aeroponic parameters include the formulation and ratio of the nutrient solution at the current growth stage of the plant.

[0013] According to a preferred embodiment, the stage detection unit monitors the plant leaves at least based on a visual sensor to obtain the current leaf area index (LAI) of the corresponding plant. The LAI serves as a detection parameter characterizing the plant's growth stage, and the result processing unit determines the plant's growth stage based on the LAI size. The stage detection unit is used to determine the wheat's current stage, or the wheat's current growth status can be manually determined before switching the operating parameters of various components. With the above configuration, in a plant factory environment, by controlling aeroponic parameters, environmental parameters, and irradiation parameters, wheat achieves booting in 28 days after transplanting, heading and flowering in 32 days, and harvesting in 70 days, shortening the original 160-180 day growth cycle by approximately two-thirds. The leaf area index (LAI) refers to the multiple of the total plant leaf area to the land area per unit area. In this invention, the LAI serves as a dynamic indicator for clearly defining plant development. The LAI can also determine plant growth vigor, serving as an important indicator of photosynthesis, transpiration, and various plant physiological processes, allowing for monitoring of plant growth during cultivation and implementation of targeted cultivation measures.

[0014] According to a preferred embodiment, the stage detection unit further obtains the current chlorophyll content of the corresponding plant based on digital image processing technology, and the current chlorophyll content can be used to calibrate the growth stage of the plant.

[0015] According to a preferred embodiment, the environmental control module selects the light intensity before irradiation; when the plant is in the seedling stage, the photoperiod is 12 ≤ ≤15, control the light quality ratio to red:blue = 3~5:1; when the wheat is in the nutrient stage, the photoperiod is 14≤ ≤20, control the light quality ratio to white:red:blue = 0.5~1.0:0~1.0:0.0~0.5; when the wheat is in the reproductive stage, the photoperiod is 16≤ ≤20, control the light ratio as white:red:blue = 0.5~1.0:0~1.0:0.0~0.5.

[0016] The present invention also relates to a method for a planting device with multi-stage cultivation illumination, the method comprising: measuring plant growth stage information; receiving plant growth stage information from a plant growth stage change detection module, and sending the received plant growth stage information to a result processing unit; the result processing unit is provided with detection parameters characterizing the plant growth stage and environmental parameters applicable to the stage, the result processing unit compares and analyzes the plant growth stage information with the detection parameters and environmental parameters, and transmits the comparison and analysis results to the environmental control module by the sending unit.

[0017] According to a preferred embodiment, the environmental control module dynamically adjusts the irradiation parameters of the light unit based at least on the current growth stage of the plant and the environmental parameters in the current growth environment in order to shorten the plant's growth cycle.

[0018] Beneficial technical effects of the present invention: (1) This invention regulates the changes in the external environment at multiple stages of plant growth, and thereby dynamically controls the irradiation parameters through the light unit, ensuring that each stage of plant growth is in the optimal environment, shortening the plant's growth cycle, and achieving rapid yield and harvest. The environmental adjustment process saves labor costs by dynamically adjusting preset parameters, automatically detects changes in the plant's growth environment, and achieves automated breeding. It automatically adjusts the plant's growth, reproductive development, and morphogenesis, shortens the growth cycle, improves quality, and reduces energy consumption and costs. Compared to artificial cultivation, this device has detection and management functions, enabling real-time control of the plant's multi-stage environment; (2) In the plant factory environment, by controlling the aeroponic parameters, environmental parameters and irradiation parameters, wheat can be incubated in 28 days after transplanting, and flower in 32 days, and can be harvested in 70 days, which shortens the original growth cycle of 160-180 days by about 2 / 3. (3) Wheat seeds are sown into 72-cell trays, which limits the planting depth and density of wheat. While maintaining the germination rate of wheat by planting depth, appropriate planting density can increase wheat yield and help photosynthesis. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This is a block flowchart of a preferred embodiment of a planting device with multi-stage cultivation lighting according to the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a preferred embodiment of the cultivation trough at the beginning of the nutrient stage of the present invention.

[0020] List of reference numerals 1: Plant growth stage change detection module; 2: Processing module; 3: Environmental control module; 4: Planting basket; 5: Cultivation trough; 6: Lighting unit; 101: Stage detection unit; 102: Temperature detection unit; 103: Substrate moisture detection unit; 201: Receiving unit; 202: Result processing unit; 203: Transmitting unit. Detailed Implementation

[0021] The following is a detailed explanation with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0022] Example This application relates to a planting device with multi-stage cultivation illumination. The device includes a plant growth stage change detection module 1, a processing module 2, and an environmental control module 3. The plant growth stage change detection module 1 measures plant growth stage information and includes a stage detection unit 101, a temperature detection unit 102, and a substrate moisture detection unit 103. The processing module 2 includes a receiving unit 201, a result processing unit 202, and a transmitting unit 203. The receiving unit 201 receives the plant growth stage information from the plant growth stage change detection module 1 and transmits the received information to the result processing unit 202. The result processing unit 202 contains detection parameters characterizing the plant growth stage and standard values ​​for temperature and substrate moisture applicable to that stage. The result processing unit 202 compares and analyzes the plant growth stage information with the detection parameters, temperature, and substrate moisture standard values, and transmits the comparison and analysis results to the environmental control module 3 via the transmitting unit 203. This invention regulates changes in the external environment at multiple stages of plant growth, and dynamically controls irradiation parameters through the light unit 6, ensuring that each stage of plant growth is in an optimal environment. This shortens the plant's growth cycle and achieves rapid yield and harvest. The environmental adjustment process, through dynamic adjustment of preset parameters, saves labor costs and automatically detects changes in the plant's growth environment, enabling automated breeding. It automatically adjusts plant growth, reproductive development, and morphogenesis, shortens the growth cycle, improves quality, and reduces energy consumption and costs. Compared to manual cultivation, this device has detection and management functions, enabling real-time control of the plant's multi-stage environment.

[0023] According to a preferred embodiment, the growth stages of the plant include at least a seedling stage, a vegetative stage, and a reproductive stage, wherein at least soaking and sowing are included before the seedling stage.

[0024] According to a preferred embodiment, the environmental control module 3 dynamically adjusts the irradiation parameters of the light unit 6 based at least on the current growth stage of the plant and the environmental parameters in the current growth environment in order to shorten the plant's growth cycle.

[0025] According to a preferred embodiment, the irradiation parameters include at least: light intensity, light period, and light quality ratio, wherein the environmental control module 3 dynamically adjusts the irradiation parameters of the irradiation unit 6 based on at least the following formula: In the above formula, Indicates the current growth stage of the plant. This represents the environmental parameters in the current growth environment. Indicates light intensity. Indicates the optical period. This indicates the light quality ratio.

[0026] In the above formula , , , , Before conducting multi-stage cultivation of plants, settings, modifications, or savings can be made through the environmental control module 3.

[0027] According to a preferred embodiment, the environmental parameters in the current growth environment include at least: the ambient temperature detected by the temperature detection unit 102; the soil moisture detected by the substrate moisture detection unit 103; and the aeroponic parameters derived by the environmental control module 3 based on the ambient temperature, soil moisture, and the current growth stage of the plant. It should be noted that this invention uses wheat as an example to illustrate the parameters and stages, and does not imply that this invention can be used for the cultivation of other plants, such as rice.

[0028] According to a preferred embodiment, the aeroponic parameters include the formulation and proportion of the nutrient solution at the current growth stage of the plant.

[0029] Preferably, during the soaking and sowing processes prior to the seedling stage, the environmental parameters should be maintained within the following ranges: Soaking: Soak wheat seeds in water at 20-50℃ for 8-24 hours.

[0030] Sowing: After the seeds have absorbed water and begun to sprout, sow them into 72-cell seed trays. Before sowing, first lay some peat moss substrate in the tray. After sowing, fill and level the cells with peat moss, then thoroughly wet the tray with water. The seed trays should be placed in a dark environment to allow the seeds to germinate, with the temperature controlled between 14℃ and 16℃ and the substrate moisture controlled between 60% and 90%.

[0031] Preferably, during the seedling stage, environmental parameters should be maintained within the following ranges: The seedling trays are moved to a bright environment by manual or mechanical means, and the lighting unit 6 is used to provide at least part or all of the light source to the wheat. Furthermore, the lighting unit 6 is configured to adjust multiple light parameters. The illumination parameters of the lighting unit 6 are determined by the current growth stage of the plant and the environmental parameters of the current growth environment. At this stage, the wheat is in the seedling stage. The temperature control unit receives information about the current plant growth stage (seedling stage) and controls the temperature at 15~18℃. The humidity supply unit receives information about the current plant growth stage (seedling stage) and controls the substrate humidity at 60%~80%. At this stage, the aeroponic parameters are zero. That is, =Seedling stage, = (15~18℃, 60%~80%, 0). After the environmental parameters detected by the plant growth stage change detection module 1 stabilize, the environmental control module 3 receives the control signal and adjusts the light intensity emitted by the light unit 6. Controlled within 80~120 μmol·m -2 ·s -1 Photoperiod Controlled within 12-15 hours, light quality ratio The ratio of red to blue is 3-5:1. Under this environment, the plants are cultivated for 7-10 days, resulting in wheat plant heights between 5-15 cm. The temperature mentioned in this invention should refer to at least the ambient temperature relevant to wheat growth, and the substrate humidity should refer to at least the humidity of the substrate in which the wheat is situated. When the wheat plant height is between 5-15 cm, the stage detection unit 101 determines that the wheat has entered the nutrient stage.

[0032] Preferably, during the nutrient stage, environmental parameters should be maintained within the following ranges: The wheat clumps are transferred whole from the seedling trays to planting baskets 4, which are then placed in the cultivation troughs 5. Planting baskets 4 are circular, with an inner diameter of 3.0cm-5.0cm, an outer diameter of 4.0cm-7.0cm, and a height of 3.0cm-7.0cm. At this stage, the wheat is in the nutrient stage. The temperature control unit receives the current plant growth stage information (nutrient stage) and controls the temperature at 15-25℃. The humidity supply unit receives the current plant growth stage information (nutrient stage) and controls the substrate humidity at 60%-75%. During this stage, the aeroponic parameters are not zero. The aeroponic parameters include: the method of generating atomized liquid towards the wheat to supplement its nutritional needs; the liquid raw material used is a mixture based on the Hoagland nutrient solution formula, modified by adding 3.0-4.0g of sodium metasilicate pentahydrate per 100L of nutrient solution; maintaining the EC value of the nutrient solution between 3.5 and 6.0; and maintaining the pH value between 5.5 and 6.5. During aeroponics, the aeroponic device also needs to control the size of the atomized water droplets between 5 micrometers and 0.5 millimeters, starting once every 1-2 hours, with each operation lasting 5-10 minutes. =Nutritional stage, = (15~25℃, 60%~75%, 1). After the environmental parameters detected by the plant growth stage change detection module 1 stabilize, the environmental control module 3 receives the control signal and adjusts the light intensity emitted by the light unit 6. Controlled within 150~250 μmol·m -2 ·s -1 Photoperiod Controlled within 14-20 hours, light quality ratio The light ratio of white light to red light to blue light is controlled at 0.5~1.0:0~1.0:0.0~0.5; the carbon dioxide concentration is controlled at 500~700 ppm during the light period in illumination unit 6 and at 300~450 ppm during the dark period. This stage continues until the wheat begins to develop ears, at which point stage detection unit 101 determines that the wheat has entered the reproductive stage.

[0033] Preferably, during the reproductive stage, environmental parameters should be maintained within the following ranges: After the wheat produces its first ear, it enters the reproductive stage. The temperature control unit receives information about the current plant growth stage (reproductive stage) and maintains the temperature at 25-30°C. The humidity supply unit receives information about the current plant growth stage (reproductive stage) and maintains the substrate humidity at 60%-70%. During this stage, the aeroponic parameters are not zero. These aeroponic parameters include: generating atomized liquid towards the wheat to supplement its needs; using a mixture based on the Hoagland nutrient solution formula, with an additional 3.0-4.0g of sodium metasilicate pentahydrate and 2.0g-5.0g of sodium tetraborate per 100L of nutrient solution; and modifying the nutrient solution to maintain an EC value between 3.5-6.0 and a pH value between 5.5-7.0. During aeroponics, the aeroponic device also needs to control the size of the atomized water droplets between 5 micrometers and 0.5 millimeters, starting every 1-2 hours for 5-10 minutes each time. =Reproductive stage, = (25~30℃, 60%~70%, 2) After the environmental parameters detected by the plant growth stage change detection module 1 stabilize, the environmental control module 3 receives the control signal and adjusts the light intensity emitted by the light unit 6. Controlled within 250~400 μmol·m -2 ·s -1 Photoperiod Controlled within 16-20 hours, light quality ratio The ratio of white light to red light to blue light is controlled at 0.5~1.0:0~1.0:0.0~0.5; the carbon dioxide concentration is controlled at 600~1000ppm during the light period of illumination unit 6 and at 300~450ppm during the dark period.

[0034] The stage detection unit 101 is used to determine the stage of wheat growth. Alternatively, the current growth status of the wheat can be determined manually, and then the operating parameters of each component can be switched. With the above configuration, in a plant factory environment, by controlling the aeroponic parameters, environmental parameters, and irradiation parameters, wheat can achieve booting in 28 days after transplanting, heading and flowering in 32 days, and harvesting in 70 days, shortening the original 160-180 day growth cycle by about two-thirds.

[0035] According to a preferred embodiment, the stage detection unit 101 monitors the plant leaves at least based on a visual sensor to obtain the current leaf area index (LAI) of the corresponding plant. The LAI serves as a detection parameter characterizing the plant's growth stage, and the result processing unit 202 determines the plant's growth stage based on the LAI's magnitude. The LAI refers to the multiple of the total leaf area of ​​a plant per unit area to the land area. In this invention, the LAI serves as a dynamic indicator for clearly defining plant development. The LAI can also determine the plant's growth status, for example, as an important indicator of photosynthesis, transpiration, and various plant physiological processes, allowing for monitoring of plant growth during cultivation and implementation of targeted cultivation measures. Preferably, the visual sensor obtains image information of the plant, and based on image processing technology, establishes a relationship model between the image LAI and the plant's LAI, thereby obtaining the real-time current LAI of the corresponding plant. Image processing technology improves the efficiency of obtaining the LAI. Preferably, for plants with various complex backgrounds, the data obtained through image processing can be compared and fitted with the LAI measured by direct measurement to establish a model for the plant under that background. The establishment of the new model can effectively improve the measurement accuracy of plant leaf area index. When the leaf area index is detected again in the same context, the new model can be directly called, saving a lot of calculation time. Only the leaf area index detected by the direct measurement method in the first measurement needs to be used as the calibration group data to establish the new model, which reduces the calculation error and improves the scientific indicators for plant cultivation.

[0036] According to a preferred embodiment, the stage detection unit 101 further obtains the current chlorophyll content of the corresponding plant based on digital image processing technology. Preferably, the stage detection unit 101 at least acquires images of the plant using a camera and obtains the current chlorophyll content of the corresponding plant based on digital image processing technology. The chlorophyll content can be used to calibrate the growth stage of the plant.

[0037] According to a preferred embodiment, the stage detection unit 101 acquires at least one parameter related to the current state of the plant, and acquires another parameter related to the current state of the plant that is different from the above-mentioned parameter. The acquired parameters are combined and quantitatively analyzed to determine whether a conclusion about the current plant growth stage can be drawn. If yes, the current plant growth stage information is output; otherwise, another different parameter related to the current plant state is acquired and combined quantitatively analyzed until a conclusion about the current plant growth stage can be obtained. The above-mentioned parameters include at least leaf area index, chlorophyll content, photosynthetic status, leaf shape, leaf color, growth direction, emergence height, heading status, carbon dioxide emissions, light absorption parameters, plant height, plant morphology, plant spacing, leaf shading, leaf overlap area, starch deposition, plant color, plant-specific traits, and plant-specific tissue morphology. This invention particularly focuses on using leaf area index and chlorophyll content to determine the plant's growth stage. The leaf area index can serve as a basic indicator for determining the plant's growth stage, while chlorophyll content serves as a calibration indicator. Preferably, the specific method for measuring chlorophyll content involves: acquiring an image of the plant to be tested using a visual sensor or other scanning device; and detecting the chlorophyll content based on various color features in the acquired image. Chlorophyll content has a strong correlation with leaf spectral characteristics, and non-destructive detection of chlorophyll using hyperspectral imaging technology is beneficial for establishing plant models. In this embodiment, wheat is used as a specific example for illustration, but this does not mean that the device and method of the present invention cannot be used for other plants. For wheat, different growth stages exhibit different chlorophyll content characteristics. At the time of wheat soaking and sowing, the chlorophyll content is zero. As wheat progresses from the germination stage, vegetative stage, and reproductive stage, the chlorophyll content shows a linear increase. The present invention determines the current growth stage of wheat by judging the differences in chlorophyll content at each stage. The dual discrimination method of leaf area index and chlorophyll content increases the accuracy of plant growth stage determination.

[0038] According to a preferred embodiment, chlorophyll content is also used by the environmental control module 3 to adjust aeroponic parameters. As the most important pigment in plant photosynthesis, chlorophyll detection is not only for judging the current stage of plant growth, but also for detecting photosynthetic efficiency and nitrogen content. Photosynthetic efficiency and nitrogen content can guide scientific fertilization and cultivation, thereby improving plant yield and quality, and are also important indicators of plant physiological state. Chlorophyll content directly affects the efficiency of plant photosynthesis and the accumulation of organic matter. Negative fluctuations in chlorophyll content indicate unexpected changes in the plant's growth process, such as environmental changes. When chlorophyll content decreases, the decreasing trend can be stopped by adjusting aeroponic parameters.

[0039] According to a preferred embodiment, the environmental control module 3 selects the light intensity before irradiation; when the plant is in the seedling stage, the photoperiod is 12 ≤ ≤15, control the light quality ratio to red:blue = 3~5:1; when wheat is in the nutrient stage, the photoperiod is 14≤ ≤20, control the light quality ratio to white:red:blue = 0.5~1.0:0~1.0:0.0~0.5; when wheat is in the reproductive stage, the photoperiod is 16≤ ≤20, control the light ratio as white:red:blue = 0.5~1.0:0~1.0:0.0~0.5.

[0040] The present invention also relates to a method for a planting device with multi-stage cultivation illumination, the method comprising: measuring plant growth stage information; receiving plant growth stage information sent by a plant growth stage change detection module 1, and sending the received plant growth stage information to a result processing unit 202; the result processing unit 202 is provided with detection parameters characterizing the plant growth stage and environmental parameters applicable to the stage, the result processing unit 202 compares and analyzes the plant growth stage information with the detection parameters and environmental parameters, and transmits the comparison and analysis results to an environmental control module 3 by a sending unit 203.

[0041] According to a preferred embodiment, the environmental control module 3 dynamically adjusts the irradiation parameters of the light unit 6 based at least on the current growth stage of the plant and the environmental parameters in the current growth environment in order to shorten the plant's growth cycle.

[0042] Example 2 This embodiment is a further supplement to the above embodiments.

[0043] Current technologies for illuminating plants typically control the intensity of light emitted by lighting units or other light-emitting devices. However, due to variations in leaf size, number of leaves, chlorophyll content, light-receiving area, plant spacing, leaf shading, and leaf overlap at different growth stages, plants may not fully absorb the light emitted by the lighting units or other light-emitting devices. Some light may directly reach the ground without being absorbed by the plant, resulting in insufficient light intake or even significant discrepancies between the target and actual light levels, thus impacting the plant's growth cycle.

[0044] According to a preferred embodiment, the device further includes a light-absorbing plate disposed in the cultivation trough. The light-absorbing plate is used to detect the residual light after absorption by the plant's photosynthesis under illumination from the lighting unit. The processing module calculates the leaf shading coefficient based on the residual light detected by the light-absorbing plate and the light emitted by the lighting unit. The light-absorbing plate may be made of glass or other light-transmitting materials, and it uses thermocouples or phototubes to detect its own light intake (or has a built-in light probe) to ensure the accuracy of photon flux detection. The detection methods for the lighting unit and the light-absorbing plate are PPF and PPFD methods. PPF detects the total amount of light produced per second by a light source, i.e., the standard photon flux emitted per second by a light source, which is suitable for detecting the lighting unit. PPF measures the "photons synthesized per second emitted by the lighting system," i.e., the number of photons per second on a given surface, and can be used to detect the light intake of the light-absorbing plate.

[0045] This invention involves placing a light-absorbing plate in the plant cultivation trough and obtaining the light received by the plate in real time. The actual light received by the plant is obtained by subtracting the light received by the plate (or light intensity) from the light emitted by the illumination unit. The ratio of the actual light received by the plant to the light emitted by the illumination unit is the plant's leaf shading coefficient. This coefficient reflects the amount of light the plant can absorb under the current light intensity. Based on the leaf shading coefficient, by controlling the illuminance value emitted by the illumination unit and combining it with the plant's current leaf shading coefficient, the plant's light received can be controlled in real time to achieve optimal cultivation requirements. This shortens the plant's growth cycle, improves quality, reduces energy consumption and costs, and enables rapid yield and harvest. The leaf shading coefficient characterizes the plant's actual light received and reflects its ability to absorb light at the current stage. It should be noted that in this invention, light intensity, light received, and illuminance value all refer to photon flux. In this invention, plant cover area refers to the extent covered by plant leaves, which gradually increases during plant growth. Plant cover area is a time-dependent variable and also related to the ratio of leaf area to interleaf area. Therefore, this invention introduces a leaf shading coefficient to determine the light intensity absorbed by the plant. In this invention, the leaf shading coefficient refers to the ratio of the actual light intensity absorbed by the plant for photosynthesis to the light intensity emitted by the light-emitting unit, given a certain light intensity provided by the light-emitting unit. Light intensity is a time-dependent variable related to the leaf shading coefficient and the plant cover area. Considering that studying only the light intensity emitted by the light-emitting unit is insufficient to accurately assess the light received by the plant, this invention creatively proposes using the leaf shading coefficient as an important parameter in the plant growth process. This allows for adjusting the light emitted by the light-emitting unit according to the different leaf distribution characteristics at different plant stages, thereby ensuring the plant receives the target light intensity.

[0046] According to a preferred embodiment, the processing module obtains a leaf shading coefficient variation curve based at least on a single cultivation process of the plant, and uses the variation curve for the next one or more cultivation processes to adjust the light intensity emitted by the illumination unit. This invention can detect the variation curve of the leaf shading coefficient of the plant along the time axis during a single cultivation process, and use this curve as a reference curve for subsequent cultivation processes, thereby adjusting the light intensity emitted by the illumination unit so that the light received by the plant is within a target range.

[0047] According to a preferred embodiment, the processing module further adjusts the photoperiod of the light unit based on the total light intensity and leaf shading coefficient required by the plant at the current stage. Preferably, the processing module calculates the actual total light received by the plant based on the change curve of the leaf shading coefficient to avoid delays in light intensity adjustment by the light unit. The aforementioned delay refers to the fact that when the leaf shading coefficient undergoes a sudden change, the light unit requires a certain response time and adjustment time to adjust the light intensity to the required light intensity after the change in leaf shading coefficient; this process is the delay. The aforementioned short-term change refers to the fact that the leaf shading coefficient changes two or more times within a short period of time, requiring the light unit to make another adjustment before it can adjust to the corresponding light intensity. Specifically, the processing module 2 adjusts the photoperiod of the light unit 6 based at least on the short-term changes in the leaf shading coefficient. The total light intensity required by the plant each day at each stage is a constant. The amount of light emitted by the light unit 6 at that stage changes with the change in the leaf shading coefficient. However, the leaf shading coefficient curve can experience sudden increases or decreases. For example, external factors (natural wind) can cause leaves to sway, leading to changes in leaf shading shadows and leaf overlap, resulting in short-term changes in the leaf shading coefficient. These short-term changes may also exhibit a rebound effect, meaning the curve may return to normal after the initial short-term change. Preferably, the processing module calculates the actual total light intensity of the plant during this stage and for that day based on the leaf shading coefficient curve to eliminate the rebound effect of short-term changes, and adjusts the photoperiod of the lighting unit accordingly to ensure the plant's total light intensity meets the target value. The adjustment of the light emitted by lighting unit 6 during this stage is not instantaneous; it requires a certain amount of time and is linear. For example, the emitted light intensity may be linearly increased or decreased to the target value. This adjustment takes several seconds or even tens of seconds. If the leaf shading coefficient returns to the normal curve within this time, the light emitted by lighting unit 6 during this stage must be adjusted back to the normal value. Therefore, the actual amount of light received by the plant during this time is difficult to calculate from the light emitted by lighting unit 6. The total light intensity of the plant on that day and at that stage experienced a short-term error, causing it to fall short of the target value and thus affecting the plant's growth and development. The aforementioned "correction" refers to the short-term change in the leaf shading coefficient when the leaves are affected by external factors. After this change, the leaf shading coefficient returns to its normal value, but the change still results in a change in light intensity. To address this, this invention calculates the actual total light intensity of the plant on that day and at that stage based on the leaf shading coefficient curve, and adjusts the photoperiod of the light unit 6 accordingly to ensure the total light intensity meets the target value. Preferably, the total light intensity is calculated by multiplying the light intensity emitted through the light unit 6 by the light duration. Since the light intensity emitted by the light unit 6 is equal to the light intensity required by the plant multiplied by the leaf shading coefficient, the calculation of the total light intensity can be converted to: the light intensity required by the plant multiplied by the leaf shading coefficient multiplied by the light duration, as shown in the following formula: The leaf shading variation curve of this invention is a curve of the leaf shading coefficient on the time axis. By differentiating the leaf shading coefficient, we can obtain the value of the leaf shading coefficient multiplied by the light duration, thereby calculating the total light intensity of the plant on that day during that stage. The formula is as follows: It should be noted that the total light intensity calculated using the above method is error-free because it is derived directly from the change in the plant's leaf shading coefficient. This calculated total light intensity determines the photoperiod of illumination unit 6. When the calculated total light intensity reaches the target value, the photoperiod of illumination unit 6 ends. If the calculated total light intensity is lower than the target value, illumination unit 6 continues to provide light. This invention calculates the plant's total light intensity for that day at that stage based on the leaf shading coefficient change curve, eliminating errors caused by sudden changes in light intensity due to abrupt changes in the leaf shading coefficient, thus ensuring the plant's total light intensity remains within the target range.

[0048] Throughout the text, the features referred to by “preferred” are only optional and should not be construed as mandatory. Therefore, the applicant reserves the right to abandon or delete the relevant preferred features at any time.

[0049] It should be noted that the specific embodiments described above are exemplary, and those skilled in the art can devise various solutions inspired by the disclosure of this invention. These solutions all fall within the scope of this invention and its protection. Those skilled in the art should understand that this specification and its accompanying drawings are illustrative and not intended to limit the scope of the claims. The scope of protection of this invention is defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A planting device with multi-stage cultivation lighting, characterized in that, The device includes a plant growth stage change detection module (1), a processing module (2), and an environmental control module (3); Among them, the plant growth stage change detection module (1) measures the plant growth stage information. The plant growth stage change detection module (1) includes a stage detection unit (101), a temperature detection unit (102), and a substrate moisture detection unit (103). The processing module (2) includes a receiving unit (201), a result processing unit (202), and a sending unit (203). The receiving unit (201) receives plant growth stage information sent by the plant growth stage change detection module (1) and sends the received plant growth stage information to the result processing unit (202). The result processing unit (202) is equipped with detection parameters characterizing the plant growth stage and temperature and substrate humidity standard values ​​applicable to the plant growth stage. The result processing unit (202) compares and analyzes the plant growth stage information with the detection parameters, temperature and substrate humidity standard values, and transmits the comparison and analysis results to the environmental control module (3) by the sending unit (203). The environmental control module (3) dynamically adjusts the irradiation parameters of the light unit (6) based at least on the current growth stage of the plant and the environmental parameters in the current growth environment in order to shorten the plant's growth cycle. The environmental parameters in the current growth environment include at least: The ambient temperature detected by the temperature detection unit (102); Soil moisture detected by the substrate moisture detection unit (103); and The aeroponic parameters are derived by the environmental control module (3) based on the ambient temperature, soil moisture and the current growth stage of the plant; The device also includes a light-absorbing plate installed in the cultivation trough. The light-absorbing plate is used to detect the amount of light remaining after the plant's photosynthesis has absorbed the light from the illumination unit. The processing module calculates the leaf shading coefficient based on the amount of light remaining detected by the light-absorbing plate and the amount of light emitted by the illumination unit. Based on the leaf shading coefficient, the processing module controls the amount of light received by the plant in real time by controlling the illuminance value emitted by the illumination unit and combining it with the current leaf shading coefficient of the plant. The processing module (2) also adjusts the photoperiod of the light unit (6) based on the total light intensity and leaf shading coefficient required by the plant at the current stage. The light intensity emitted by the light unit (6) is equal to the light intensity required by the plant multiplied by the leaf shading coefficient.

2. The planting device with multi-stage cultivation lighting as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The irradiation parameters include at least: light intensity, light period, and light quality ratio, wherein the environmental control module (3) dynamically adjusts the irradiation parameters of the irradiation unit (6) based on at least the following formula: ， In the above formula, Indicates the current growth stage of the plant. This represents the environmental parameters in the current growth environment. Indicates light intensity. Indicates the optical period. Indicates the light quality ratio, In the above formula , , , , Before multi-stage cultivation of plants, the environmental control module (3) can be used to set, modify or save the settings.

3. The planting device with multi-stage cultivation lighting as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The aeroponic parameters include the formula and ratio of the nutrient solution at the current growth stage of the plant.

4. The planting device with multi-stage cultivation lighting as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The stage detection unit (101) monitors the plant leaves at least based on a visual sensor to obtain the current leaf area index of the corresponding plant. The leaf area index is used as a detection parameter to characterize the plant growth stage, and the result processing unit (202) determines the growth stage of the plant based on the size of the leaf area index.

5. The planting device with multi-stage cultivation lighting as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The stage detection unit (101) also obtains the current chlorophyll content of the corresponding plant based on digital image processing technology. The current chlorophyll content can be used to calibrate the growth stage of the plant.

6. The planting device with multi-stage cultivation lighting as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The environmental control module (3) selects the light intensity before illuminating; When plants are in the seedling stage, the photoperiod is 12≤ ≤15, control the light quality ratio to red light: blue light = 3~5:1; When the plant is in its vegetative stage, the photoperiod is 14≤ ≤20, control the light quality ratio to white light: red light: blue light = 0.5~1.0: 0~1.0: 0.0~0.5; When the plant is in its reproductive stage, the photoperiod is 16≤ ≤20, control the light quality ratio as white light: red light: blue light = 0.5~1.0: 0~1.0: 0.0~0.

5.

7. A method for operating the planting device with multi-stage cultivation lighting as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The method includes: Determine information about plant growth stages; Receive plant growth stage information from the plant growth stage change detection module (1) and send the received plant growth stage information to the result processing unit (202). The result processing unit (202) is equipped with detection parameters characterizing the plant growth stage and environmental parameters applicable to the plant growth stage. The result processing unit (202) compares and analyzes the plant growth stage information with the detection parameters and environmental parameters, and transmits the comparison and analysis results to the environmental control module (3) by the sending unit (203). The processing module (2) also adjusts the photoperiod of the light unit (6) based on the total light intensity and leaf shading coefficient required by the plant at the current stage. The light intensity emitted by the light unit (6) is equal to the light intensity required by the plant multiplied by the leaf shading coefficient.

8. The method as described in claim 7, characterized in that, The environmental control module (3) dynamically adjusts the irradiation parameters of the light unit (6) based at least on the current growth stage of the plant and the environmental parameters in the current growth environment in order to shorten the plant's growth cycle.

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