Multifunctional mechanical experiment teaching instrument

Abstract

The application discloses a multifunctional mechanics experiment teaching instrument, and belongs to the technical field of teaching aids. The teaching instrument comprises an experiment table, a semicircular instrument board is arranged above the experiment table, a swing ball capable of moving along the edge of the semicircular instrument board is movably arranged on the front side of the semicircular instrument board, a plurality of photoelectric gates for monitoring the instantaneous speed of the swing ball are uniformly arranged at the arc-shaped edges of the semicircular instrument board, a detachable telescopic rod and a coordinate plate are arranged on the experiment table, a flat-throw ball corresponding to the swing ball is arranged at the upper end of the telescopic rod, and the coordinate plate is arranged between the swing ball and the semicircular instrument board. Through cooperation of the semicircular instrument board, the telescopic rod and the coordinate plate, and through movement recording of the swing ball and the flat-throw ball, the teaching instrument can realize multiple different mechanics experiment teachings, is high in flexibility, convenient to use and carry, and reduces the required number of experimental aids.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of teaching aids technology, specifically a multifunctional mechanical experiment teaching instrument. Background Technology

[0002] High school physics experiments often involve numerous mechanics experiments, such as verifying the law of conservation of mechanical energy, verifying the law of conservation of momentum, studying the trajectory of projectile motion, and measuring local gravitational acceleration. Currently, each mechanics experiment corresponds to a separate set of experimental equipment. Most of these equipment derives experimental data and laws by observing the motion of a small ball, leading to duplication of equipment across multiple sets, wasting resources, and causing inconvenience in accessing and retrieving too much equipment.

[0003] Meanwhile, in traditional textbooks, when verifying the conservation of momentum in a collision, two small balls of the same size but different masses are required, and the mass of the incident ball must be greater than the mass of the ball being collided with. This limitation on the mass of the balls only verifies the case of a large-mass ball colliding with a small-mass ball, which is not entirely convincing. In addition, the incident ball may also collide with the pillar supporting the ball being collided with, affecting the experimental results. Placing the two balls on the same track will introduce friction, which will affect the experimental data.

[0004] To address this, we designed a multifunctional teaching tool. Through simple assembly and disassembly, this tool can be used for various mechanics experiments, reducing the number of experimental tools required and making it convenient to use. It also employs a suspension method to achieve the motion of the incident ball and allows for adjustable height of the collided ball, enabling the two balls to collide. This avoids the problems of collision with pillars, mass limitations, and friction present in the original experiment, making the experiment more universal and accurate. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a multifunctional mechanics experimental teaching instrument to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: A multifunctional mechanics experimental teaching instrument includes an experimental platform, a semi-circular instrument plate above the experimental platform, a pendulum bob that can move along the edge of the semi-circular instrument plate is movably mounted on the front side of the semi-circular instrument plate, and multiple photoelectric gates for monitoring the instantaneous velocity of the pendulum bob are evenly arranged along the arc-shaped edge of the semi-circular instrument plate. A detachable telescopic rod and a coordinate plate are mounted on the experimental platform, and a projectile bob corresponding to the pendulum bob is placed at the upper end of the telescopic rod. The coordinate plate is positioned between the pendulum bob and the semi-circular instrument plate.

[0007] As a further preferred embodiment of the present invention: a central crossbar is fixedly provided at the center of the upper end of the semicircular instrument plate, and a pull line is provided on the central crossbar, with the lower end of the pull line fixedly connected to the pendulum ball.

[0008] As a further preferred embodiment of the present invention: two through holes are provided on the central crossbar, and the two ends of the pull wire pass through the two through holes and are connected to the pendulum ball.

[0009] As a further preferred embodiment of the present invention: an adjusting bolt is provided on the central crossbar between two through holes, the adjusting bolt passes through the central crossbar and is threadedly connected to the central crossbar, and the upper end of the pull line rests on the upper end of the adjusting bolt.

[0010] As a further preferred embodiment of the present invention: a flat plate and a base are fixedly installed at the upper and lower ends of the telescopic rod, respectively. The base is placed on the experimental table, and the projectile is placed on the upper end of the flat plate.

[0011] As a further preferred embodiment of the present invention: a slot is provided on the experimental platform, and the lower end of the coordinate plate is inserted into the slot.

[0012] As a further preferred embodiment of the present invention: the upper end of the experimental platform is provided with a horizontal scale located in front of the card slot.

[0013] As a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, a height mark is provided on the front side of the semicircular instrument plate.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: By combining the semicircular instrument plate, pendulum, projectile ball, and coordinate plate, various mechanics experiments can be taught through the motion of the ball. By assembling and disassembling the telescopic rod and coordinate plate, individual mechanics experiments can be taught. It is convenient to use and carry, highly flexible, and avoids the waste of resources caused by using multiple teaching tools. By setting adjustment bolts and telescopic rods, the height of the pendulum and the projectile can be flexibly adjusted according to experimental requirements, which facilitates the measurement of various experimental data and teaching. In the momentum conservation experiment, an adjustable telescopic rod was used to make the position of the projectile adjustable. Since the platform on which the projectile was placed was very small, it ensured that the two balls collided head-on and avoided the collision with the column in the original experiment, thus ensuring the accuracy of the experiment. In the momentum conservation experiment, the pendulum bob was suspended so that neither of the two balls experienced friction during the collision, thus avoiding the influence of friction in the original experiment. When conducting the experiment to verify the conservation of momentum, the video recording function of a mobile phone was used to record the video, and then the playback and slow-motion function was used to determine the maximum angle of the incident ball after the collision (the initial angle was recorded before the collision). The velocities before and after the collision were calculated based on the conservation of mechanical energy. Therefore, there are no requirements on the mass of the two balls, which breaks through the original experimental requirement that the mass of the incident ball must be greater than the mass of the ball being hit, making the experiment more universal. The string suspending the pendulum ball is a double pendulum string. Compared with a single-string pendulum, the double-string pendulum makes the pendulum ball move more stably, avoids swaying in other directions, ensures that the two balls collide head-on, and makes the test data more accurate.

[0015] In summary, this teaching instrument, through the combination of a semicircular plate, a telescopic rod, and a coordinate plate, can achieve multiple different mechanics experiments by recording the motion of pendulum and projectile spheres. Specifically, it can: verify the conservation of mechanical energy, verify the conservation of momentum, measure local gravitational acceleration (this device can also be modified into a standard simple pendulum), and study the trajectory of projectile motion (using the coordinate plate). It is highly flexible, easy to use and carry, reduces the number of experimental tools required, and overcomes the problems existing in traditional momentum conservation experiments, improving the accuracy and universality of the experiments. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the front view of the multifunctional mechanics experimental teaching instrument of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a top view schematic diagram of the multifunctional mechanics experimental teaching instrument of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a side view of the multifunctional mechanics experimental teaching instrument of the present invention. Figure 4 for Figure 3 Enlarged structural diagram of the center adjustment bolt; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure when the semicircular instrument plate and the pendulum bob are used together. Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the telescopic rod of the multifunctional mechanics experimental teaching instrument of the present invention.

[0017] In the diagram: 1. Experimental table; 2. Semicircular instrument plate; 3. Photoelectric gate; 4. Pendulum; 5. Pull string; 6. Central crossbar; 7. Adjustment bolt; 8. Height mark; 9. Projectile ball; 10. Telescopic rod; 11. Support rod; 12. Coordinate plate; 13. Horizontal scale; 14. Slot; 15. Perforation; 16. Base; 17. Flat plate. Implementation

[0018] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention. Example

[0019] Please see Figure 1-6This embodiment provides a multifunctional mechanics experimental teaching instrument, including an experimental platform 1. A semicircular instrument plate 2 is arranged above the experimental platform 1. A height mark 8 is arranged on the front side of the semicircular instrument plate 2. A pendulum ball 4 that can move along the edge of the semicircular instrument plate 2 is movably arranged on the front side of the semicircular instrument plate 2. Multiple photoelectric gates 3 for monitoring the instantaneous velocity of the pendulum ball 4 are evenly arranged along the arc-shaped edge of the semicircular instrument plate 2. In this embodiment, four photoelectric gates 3 are arranged accordingly. A central horizontal bar 6 is fixedly arranged at the center of the upper end of the semicircular instrument plate 2. A pull line 5 is arranged on the central horizontal bar 6 to ensure the stability of the pendulum ball 4. To ensure stability during oscillation, two through holes 15 are made on the central crossbar 6. The two ends of the pull wire 5 pass through the two through holes 15 and are connected to the pendulum ball 4. In order to adjust the height of the pendulum ball 4, an adjusting bolt 7 is set on the central crossbar 6 between the two through holes 15. The adjusting bolt 7 passes through the central crossbar 6 and is threadedly connected to the central crossbar 6. The upper end of the pull wire 5 rests on the upper end of the adjusting bolt 7, that is, the pull wire 5 and the adjusting bolt 7 are in contact and engaged. By rotating the adjusting bolt 7, the height of the pull wire 5 at the upper end of the central crossbar 6 can be adjusted, thereby adjusting the height of the pendulum ball 4.

[0020] To facilitate the teaching of various mechanics experiments, a detachable telescopic rod 10 and a coordinate plate 12 are also provided on the experimental platform 1. The telescopic rod 10 is readily available and is a conventional design familiar to those skilled in the art, so it will not be described in detail. A flat plate 17 and a base 16 are fixedly mounted at the upper and lower ends of the telescopic rod 10, respectively. The base 16 is placed on the experimental platform 1. A projectile 9 corresponding to the pendulum 4 is placed on the upper end of the flat plate 17. A slot 14 is provided on the experimental platform 1, and the lower end of the coordinate plate 12 is inserted into the slot 14. The coordinate plate 12 is positioned between the pendulum 4 and the semicircular plate 2. A horizontal scale 13 is provided on the upper end of the experimental platform 1, located in front of the slot 14, to record the horizontal displacement of the projectile 9 during its horizontal projection. Figure 1 As shown, as is common knowledge in the art, the coordinate plate 12 is set on the side of the projectile 9 away from the initial position of the pendulum 4 to record the motion of the projectile 9.

[0021] In the experiment verifying the conservation of momentum during a collision, the telescopic rod 10 is adjusted to the correct height and placed in front of the semicircular instrument plate 2, so that the pendulum bob 4 collides head-on with the projectile 9 as it falls. A camera is placed in front of the test platform 1 to record the event, and the initial angle of the incident ball (pendulum bob 4) and the maximum angle of its swing after the collision are observed using the slow-motion playback function. The velocities of the incident ball before and after the collision are calculated from this. Based on the height and horizontal displacement of the projectile 9, the velocity of the collided ball after the collision is calculated. This verifies the conservation of momentum. This application only describes the operational method; the calculation of the experimental data is common knowledge familiar to students and will not be elaborated upon further.

[0022] By removing the telescopic rod 10 and the coordinate plate 12, the pendulum 4 is swung down from a certain angle. The instantaneous velocity of the pendulum 4 is recorded by multiple photoelectric gates 3, and the computer program automatically calculates the kinetic energy (the algorithm is pre-programmed in the computer, which is a conventional technique). Combined with the angle of the photoelectric gate 3, the computer program automatically calculates the potential energy of the pendulum 4, thereby verifying the law of conservation of mechanical energy.

[0023] A simple pendulum about 1 meter long can be made using the central horizontal bar 6 on the semicircular instrument plate 2. When the pendulum bob 4 swings, it passes through the photogate 3 at the lowest point. The photogate 3 is then switched to the pendulum period measurement mode, which can measure the pendulum period. This allows the local gravitational acceleration to be calculated further using the pendulum period formula.

[0024] By installing the coordinate plate 12, the ball can undergo projectile motion after being hit. The video can be recorded by a mobile phone and played back frame by frame. The coordinate plate 12 can be used to find the position of the ball in each frame and plot the trajectory of the ball to further study the trajectory of projectile motion.

[0025] It should be noted that the above embodiments are only specific and clear descriptions of the technical solutions and features of this application. Solutions or features that are prior art or common knowledge to those skilled in the art will not be described in detail in the above embodiments.

[0026] Furthermore, the technical solutions of this application are not limited to the above embodiments. Those skilled in the art should consider the specification as a whole, and the technical solutions in each embodiment can also be appropriately combined to form other implementation methods that can be understood by those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. A multifunctional mechanics experimental teaching instrument, comprising an experimental platform (1), characterized in that, A semicircular instrument plate (2) is set above the experimental platform (1). A pendulum ball (4) that can move along the edge of the semicircular instrument plate (2) is movably set on the front side of the semicircular instrument plate (2). Multiple photoelectric gates (3) for monitoring the instantaneous speed of the pendulum ball (4) are evenly set on the arc-shaped edge of the semicircular instrument plate (2). A detachable telescopic rod (10) and a coordinate plate (12) are set on the experimental platform (1). A projectile ball (9) corresponding to the pendulum ball (4) is placed on the upper end of the telescopic rod (10). The coordinate plate (12) is set between the pendulum ball (4) and the semicircular instrument plate (2). A central crossbar (6) is fixedly installed at the center of the upper end of the semicircular instrument plate (2), and a pull line (5) is installed on the central crossbar (6). The lower end of the pull line (5) is fixedly connected to the pendulum ball (4). Two through holes (15) are provided on the central crossbar (6), and the two ends of the pull wire (5) pass through the two through holes (15) and are connected to the pendulum ball (4); The central crossbar (6) is provided with an adjusting bolt (7) located between two through holes (15). The adjusting bolt (7) passes through the central crossbar (6) and is threadedly connected to the central crossbar (6). The upper end of the pull wire (5) is placed on the upper end of the adjusting bolt (7). The telescopic rod (10) has a flat plate (17) and a base (16) fixedly installed at its upper and lower ends respectively. The base (16) is placed on the experimental table (1), and the projectile (9) is placed on the upper end of the flat plate (17).

2. The multifunctional mechanics experimental teaching instrument according to claim 1, characterized in that, The experimental platform (1) has a slot (14) and the lower end of the coordinate plate (12) is inserted into the slot (14).

3. The multifunctional mechanics experimental teaching instrument according to claim 2, characterized in that, The experimental platform (1) has a horizontal scale (13) located in front of the slot (14) at the upper end.

4. The multifunctional mechanics experimental teaching instrument according to claim 1, characterized in that, The front side of the semicircular instrument plate (2) is provided with a height mark (8).

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