Hydrogen fuel engine power generation device and system

Abstract

The application provides a hydrogen fuel engine power generation device and system, which comprises an engine structure, a generator component, a heat insulation sealing element, a gas one-way conveying assembly, a heat recovery component and a burner; the engine structure is provided with a cavity, the two ends of the cavity are respectively provided with an expansion cavity and a compression cavity, and a back cavity is arranged in the middle; the generator component is installed in the back cavity; the heat insulation sealing element is installed between the expansion cavity and the back cavity; the gas one-way conveying assembly is communicated with the compression cavity; a one-way flow structure is arranged between the heat recovery component and the compression cavity; the heat recovery component is sequentially communicated with the burner and the expansion cavity, a one-way flow structure is arranged between the heat recovery component and the expansion cavity; and a one-way flow structure is arranged between the burner and the expansion cavity. The application realizes stable working medium flow, makes the combustion of hydrogen more safe and reliable, makes the whole combustion process easy to control, and does not appear abnormal combustion phenomenon, the heat insulation sealing element reduces high-temperature blow-by loss, and the heat recovery component improves the cycle efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of hydrogen energy utilization technology, and in particular to a hydrogen fuel cell engine power generation device and system. Background Technology

[0002] In recent decades, with the rapid development of my country's economy and science and technology, and the continuous improvement of people's living standards, energy consumption has been increasing, leading to increasingly serious environmental pollution and energy shortages. A "clean, low-carbon, safe, and efficient" energy transformation is an inevitable trend; however, the large-scale use of renewable energy as an alternative energy source is limited by its inherent intermittency, volatility, and randomness. Hydrogen energy, as a clean secondary energy carrier, can not only be easily converted into electricity and heat with high conversion efficiency, but also achieve large-scale hydrogen production through renewable energy sources.

[0003] There are two main types of existing hydrogen energy utilization methods: hydrogen fuel cells and hydrogen internal combustion engines. As a vehicle power source, fuel cells are considered one of the ideal solutions to replace petroleum-based engines due to their advantages such as high power, high efficiency, and zero pollution. However, they are expensive, inconvenient to use, have a battery lifespan far shorter than the engine lifespan, and the maximum continuous driving range of electric vehicles is limited by the number of batteries installed. Hydrogen internal combustion engines, on the other hand, can experience abnormal combustion phenomena such as pre-ignition, backfire, and detonation during fuel combustion, disrupting the normal operation of the hydrogen engine.

[0004] Therefore, how to improve the efficiency and performance of hydrogen fuel cell engines, so that hydrogen energy can be used more fully, while ensuring the efficient, stable and safe long-term operation of engine equipment, is an important issue that the industry urgently needs to address. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This invention provides a hydrogen fuel cell engine power generation device and system to address the shortcomings of existing hydrogen energy utilization methods, such as high cost, unstable hydrogen fuel combustion, and susceptibility to pre-ignition, backfire, and deflagration, which disrupt normal operation. It achieves stable working fluid flow, making hydrogen combustion safer and more reliable. The entire combustion process is easily controlled, preventing abnormal combustion and reducing high-temperature gas leakage losses. Furthermore, the use of regenerative technology further improves cycle efficiency and stability.

[0006] The present invention provides a hydrogen fuel engine power generation device, including engine structural components, generator components, heat insulation seals, gas one-way delivery components, regenerative components, and a burner; The engine structural component is provided with a cavity and a piston. An expansion cavity and a compression cavity are respectively provided at both ends of the cavity, and a back cavity is provided in the middle of the cavity. The piston is movably connected to the cavity and is located between the expansion cavity and the compression cavity. The generator components are installed in the back cavity; The heat insulation seal is movably installed between the expansion cavity and the back cavity, and the gap seal is located between the piston and the inner wall surface of the cavity; The gas one-way delivery component is connected to the compression chamber, and the gas one-way delivery component is used to deliver a certain amount of gas into the compression chamber in one direction. A first unidirectional flow structure is provided between the regenerating component and the compression chamber, so that gas flows unidirectionally from the compression chamber to the regenerating component. The regenerative component is connected in sequence to the burner and the expansion chamber. The regenerative component is used to preheat the gas in the compression chamber and recover the heat of the gas in the expansion chamber. A second unidirectional flow structure is provided between the regenerative component and the expansion chamber, so that the gas flows unidirectionally from the expansion chamber to the regenerative component. A third unidirectional flow structure is provided between the burner and the expansion chamber, so that gas flows unidirectionally from the burner into the expansion chamber.

[0007] According to a hydrogen fuel cell generator according to the present invention, the generator component includes a magnet and a stator assembly, the magnet is connected to a piston, and the piston is used to drive the magnet to move relative to the stator assembly and compress the gas in the compression chamber.

[0008] According to a hydrogen fuel cell engine power generation device provided by the present invention, the stator assembly includes an outer stator and an inner stator, and the magnet is located between the outer stator and the inner stator.

[0009] According to a hydrogen fuel cell engine power generation device provided by the present invention, the heat insulation seal includes at least one heat insulation cylinder, the heat insulation cylinder is movably connected to the cavity, and the heat insulation cylinder is located between the expansion cavity and the back cavity.

[0010] According to a hydrogen fuel cell generator provided by the present invention, the gas one-way delivery assembly includes a one-way valve and a gas flow meter, the gas flow meter is connected to the inlet of the one-way valve, and the outlet of the one-way valve is connected to the compression chamber.

[0011] According to a hydrogen fuel engine power generation device provided by the present invention, the hydrogen fuel engine power generation device further includes an oxygen separation component and a condensation component; The oxygen separation component is connected to the other end of the gas unidirectional delivery component. The oxygen separation component is used to separate oxygen and deliver it to the gas unidirectional delivery component. One end of the condensation component is connected to the regenerating component, and the other end of the condensation component is connected to the other end of the gas unidirectional conveying component; The gas unidirectional delivery assembly, the compression chamber, the regenerating component, the burner, the expansion chamber, and the condensation assembly form a circulation pipeline, and helium gas is provided in the circulation pipeline.

[0012] According to a hydrogen fuel engine power generation device provided by the present invention, the oxygen separation component includes at least one membrane separator, the outlet of the membrane separator being connected to the other end of the gas unidirectional delivery component.

[0013] According to a hydrogen fuel cell power generation device provided by the present invention, the condensation assembly includes at least one condenser, the inlet of the condenser is connected to the regenerative component, and the outlet of the condenser is connected to the other end of the gas unidirectional delivery assembly.

[0014] The present invention also provides a hydrogen fuel engine power generation system, comprising two mutually symmetrical hydrogen fuel engine power generation devices.

[0015] According to a hydrogen fuel cell power generation system provided by the present invention, two hydrogen fuel cell power generation devices share one burner.

[0016] According to the present invention, a hydrogen fuel cell engine power generation device and system are provided, in which a certain amount of air is delivered to the compression chamber through a gas unidirectional delivery assembly, and then a piston moves into the compression chamber to perform adiabatic compression of the air to generate high-pressure air. The high-pressure air is then unidirectionally delivered to the regenerating component through a first unidirectional flow structure. The high-pressure air enters the regenerating component from the first inlet for preheating, and then the high-pressure air, having absorbed a certain amount of heat, flows further from the first outlet of the regenerating component into the burner, where it mixes with injected high-pressure hydrogen, causing the hydrogen to burn stably in the burner to form high-temperature, high-pressure fuel gas.

[0017] High-temperature, high-pressure gas flows unidirectionally into the expansion chamber through the third unidirectional flow structure, pushing the thermal insulation seal and piston towards the compression chamber. The thermal insulation seal effectively reduces the temperature and pressure gradient at the sealing gap, preventing heat from the gas from flowing into the generator components, thus maximizing the conversion of the gas's internal energy into the piston's mechanical energy. Part of the piston's mechanical energy is used to compress the air in the compression chamber, and the other part is used for power generation. The gas then flows through the second unidirectional flow structure into the regenerator component. The gas enters the regenerator component through the second inlet, releasing heat, and then exits through the second outlet, completing a full Brayton cycle. This achieves stable working fluid flow, making hydrogen combustion safer and more reliable. The entire combustion process is easily controlled, preventing abnormal combustion, reducing high-temperature gas leakage losses, and further improving cycle efficiency. Attached Figure Description

[0018] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in this invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of this invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0019] Figure 1 This is one of the structural schematic diagrams of the hydrogen fuel engine power generation device provided by the present invention; Figure 2 This is the second schematic diagram of the structure of the hydrogen fuel engine power generation device provided by the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the hydrogen fuel cell engine power generation system provided by the present invention; Figure label: 1: Engine structural components; 2: Generator components; 3: Thermal insulation and sealing components; 4: Gas unidirectional delivery component; 5: Regenerating components; 6: Burner; 7: Oxygen separation assembly; 12: Expansion chamber; 15: Second unidirectional flow structure; 22: Magnet; 41: One-way valve; 231: Outer stator; 8: Condensation assembly; 13: Compression chamber; 16: Third unidirectional flow structure; 23: Stator assembly; 71: Membrane separator; 231: Inner stator. 11: Back cavity; 14: First unidirectional flow structure; 21: Piston; 31: Insulated cylinder; 81: Condenser; Detailed Implementation

[0020] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the technical solutions of this invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of this invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this invention.

[0021] The following is combined Figures 1 to 3 The present invention describes a hydrogen fuel cell engine power generation device and system.

[0022] As attached Figure 1 As shown, the hydrogen fuel cell engine power generation unit includes an engine structural component 1, a generator component 2, a heat insulation seal 3, a gas one-way delivery assembly 4, a regenerating component 5, and a burner 6.

[0023] Specifically, the engine structural component 1 is provided with a cavity and a piston 21. The two ends of the cavity are respectively provided with an expansion cavity 12 and a compression cavity 13, and the middle of the cavity is provided with a back cavity 11. The piston 21 is movably connected to the cavity and is located between the expansion cavity 12 and the compression cavity 13. Generator component 2 is installed in the back cavity 11; The heat insulation seal 3 is movably installed between the expansion chamber 12 and the back chamber 11, and the gap seal is located between the piston 21 and the inner wall surface of the chamber. The gas one-way delivery component 4 is connected to the compression chamber 13. The gas one-way delivery component 4 is used to deliver a certain amount of gas into the compression chamber 13 in one direction. A first unidirectional flow structure 14 is provided between the regenerating component 5 and the compression chamber 13, so that gas flows unidirectionally from the compression chamber 13 to the regenerating component 5. The regenerating component 5 is connected to the burner 6 and the expansion chamber 12 in sequence. The regenerating component 5 is used to preheat the gas in the compression chamber 13 and recover the heat of the gas in the expansion chamber 12. A second unidirectional flow structure 15 is provided between the regenerating component 5 and the expansion chamber 12, so that the gas flows unidirectionally from the expansion chamber 12 to the regenerating component 5. A third unidirectional flow structure 16 is provided between the burner 6 and the expansion chamber 12, so that the gas flows unidirectionally from the burner 6 into the expansion chamber 12.

[0024] In operation, the gas unidirectional delivery assembly 4 delivers a certain amount of air, proportional to the amount of hydrogen, into the compression chamber 13. Then, the piston 21 moves into the compression chamber 13 to perform adiabatic compression of the air, generating high-pressure air. The high-pressure air is then unidirectionally delivered to the regenerating component 5 through the first unidirectional flow structure 14. The high-pressure air enters the regenerating component 5 from the first inlet for preheating. After absorbing a certain amount of heat, the high-pressure air flows further from the first outlet of the regenerating component 5 into the burner 6 to mix with the hydrogen, allowing the hydrogen to burn stably in the burner 6 to form a high-temperature, high-pressure fuel gas.

[0025] High-temperature, high-pressure gas flows unidirectionally into the expansion chamber 12 through the third unidirectional flow structure 16, pushing the heat-insulating seal 3 and piston 21 towards the compression chamber 13. The heat-insulating seal 3 effectively reduces the temperature and pressure gradient at the gap seal, i.e., reduces the temperature and pressure gradient at the contact surface between the generator component 2 and the inner wall of the chamber, preventing the heat of the gas from flowing into the interior of the generator component 2, thus maximizing the conversion of the gas's internal energy into the piston's mechanical energy. Part of the piston's mechanical energy is used to compress the air in the compression chamber 13, and the other part is used for power generation. Then, the gas flows into the regenerator component 5 through the second unidirectional flow structure 15. The gas enters the regenerator component 5 from the second inlet, releases heat, and then exits from the second outlet, thus completing a complete Brayton cycle. This achieves stable working fluid flow, making hydrogen combustion safer and more reliable, the entire combustion process easier to control, preventing abnormal combustion, reducing high-temperature gas leakage losses, and further improving cycle efficiency.

[0026] Further details are attached. Figure 1As shown, generator component 2 includes a magnet 22 and a stator assembly 23. The magnet 22 is connected to a piston 21, which drives the magnet 22 to move relative to the stator assembly 23 and compress the gas in the compression chamber 13. During operation, high-temperature, high-pressure gas flows unidirectionally into the expansion chamber 12 through the third unidirectional flow structure 16, pushing the heat-insulating seal 3 and the piston 21. After undergoing adiabatic expansion, the internal energy of the gas is converted into the mechanical energy of the piston 21. Part of the mechanical energy of the piston 21 is used to compress the air in the compression chamber 13, and the other part drives the magnet 22 to move relative to the stator assembly 23, outputting electrical power through the stator assembly 23. Compared to a hydrogen internal combustion engine, by using a piston 21 located between the expansion chamber 12 and the compression chamber 13 as a free piston, since the piston does not require control from the crankshaft connecting rod assembly, no lateral friction force is generated on the inner wall of the chamber. Furthermore, this volumetric compressor structure can effectively improve the compression ratio of the working fluid, thereby improving engine efficiency and the service life of the device.

[0027] Among them, as attached Figure 1 As shown, the stator assembly 23 includes an outer stator 231 and an inner stator 232, with a magnet 22 located between the outer stator 231 and the inner stator 232. In operation, the magnet 22 moves between the outer stator 231 and the inner stator 232 under the drive of the piston 21, thereby outputting electrical power through the outer stator 231 and the inner stator 232, thus realizing the generation of electricity using hydrogen energy.

[0028] Further details are attached. Figure 1 As shown, the heat insulation seal 3 includes at least one heat insulation cylinder 31, which is movably connected to the cavity and is located between the expansion cavity 12 and the back cavity 11. In use, the heat insulation cylinder 31 can effectively reduce the temperature and pressure gradient at the gap seal between the generator component 2 and the cavity, thereby reducing high-temperature gas leakage loss and heat loss.

[0029] Further details are attached. Figure 1 As shown, the gas one-way delivery assembly 4 includes a one-way valve 41 and a gas flow meter. The gas flow meter is connected to the inlet of the one-way valve 41, and the outlet of the one-way valve 41 is connected to the compression chamber 13. In use, based on the amount of hydrogen injected into the burner 6, air in proportion to the amount of hydrogen is sequentially delivered to the compression chamber 13 through the gas flow meter and the one-way valve 41. The gas flow meter continuously monitors the amount of air delivered to the compression chamber 13. When a preset value is reached, the delivery of air to the compression chamber 13 stops, ensuring that the amount of air and hydrogen delivered to the compression chamber 13 is in a fixed ratio. Furthermore, the one-way valve 41 prevents gas backflow within the compression chamber 13, thus making hydrogen combustion safer and more reliable. The entire combustion process is easily controlled, and abnormal combustion phenomena will not occur.

[0030] In an optional embodiment of the invention, the heat recovery component 5 is, for example, a heat exchanger. However, it should be understood that the heat recovery component 5 can also be any other suitable structure.

[0031] In an optional embodiment of the present invention, the first unidirectional flow structure 14, the second unidirectional flow structure 15, and the third unidirectional flow structure 16 are, for example, one-way valves. However, it should be understood that the first unidirectional flow structure 14, the second unidirectional flow structure 15, and the third unidirectional flow structure 16 can also be any other suitable structure for controlling the unidirectional flow of gas.

[0032] Further details are attached. Figure 2 As shown, the hydrogen fuel cell power generation unit also includes an oxygen separation assembly 7 and a condensation assembly 8; The oxygen separation component 7 is connected to the other end of the gas one-way conveying component 4. The oxygen separation component 7 is used to separate oxygen and convey it to the gas one-way conveying component 4. One end of the condensing component 8 is connected to the heat recovery component 5, and the other end of the condensing component 8 is connected to the other end of the gas one-way conveying component 4. A gas unidirectional delivery component 4, a compression chamber 13, a regenerating component 5, a burner 6, an expansion chamber 12, and a condensing component 8 form a circulation pipeline, which is filled with helium. In operation, a certain amount of helium is first injected into the circulation pipeline. The oxygen separation component 7 separates the oxygen from the air, removing helium and other gases, leaving only oxygen. This oxygen is then delivered to the other end of the gas unidirectional delivery component 4, allowing it to flow unidirectionally into the compression chamber 13 and mix with the helium in the circulation pipeline, thus maintaining a stable amount of helium in the pipeline. The oxygen and helium then flow into the burner 6 and mix with hydrogen to form a mixed working fluid. Since the adiabatic index of helium is greater than that of hydrogen and also greater than that of the hydrogen-oxygen mixture, the helium increases the adiabatic index of the working fluid, thereby enhancing the system's work capacity. After the mixed working fluid is burned in the burner 6, it forms high-temperature and high-pressure gas, which is then transported to the expansion chamber 12 to drive the heat insulation seal 3 and the generator component 2. The gas is then transported to the heat recovery component 5, which recovers the heat from the gas. The gas is then transported from the heat recovery component 5 to the condensation component 8, where the water vapor produced by the complete combustion of hydrogen fuel is condensed and discharged. At this point, only helium remains in the gas. The helium is then transported to the other end of the gas unidirectional transport component 4 to mix with oxygen, thus realizing the helium cycle.

[0033] Among them, as attached Figure 2As shown, the oxygen separation assembly 7 includes at least one membrane separator 71, the outlet of which is connected to the other end of the gas unidirectional delivery assembly 4. In use, air is first delivered to the membrane separator 71, which separates the oxygen and delivers it to the gas unidirectional delivery assembly 4. The oxygen then flows unidirectionally through the gas unidirectional delivery assembly 4 into the compression chamber 13. The membrane separator 71 removes helium and other gases, ensuring that the amount of helium in the circulation pipeline remains stable. This continuously improves the adiabatic index of the working fluid in the circulation pipeline, thereby enhancing the device's work capacity.

[0034] Among them, as attached Figure 2 As shown, the condensing assembly 8 includes at least one condenser 81. The inlet of the condenser 81 is connected to the regenerating component 5, and the outlet of the condenser 81 is connected to the other end of the gas unidirectional conveying assembly 4. In operation, the high-temperature and high-pressure gas produced by the combustion of hydrogen is transported to the expansion chamber 12. The gas then flows from the expansion chamber 12 to the regenerating component 5 to release heat. The gas then flows from the regenerating component 5 to the condenser 81, where the condenser 81 condenses and discharges the water vapor produced by the complete combustion of hydrogen fuel in the gas, leaving only helium in the circulation pipeline. This prevents water vapor from affecting the operation of the device, ensuring that the adiabatic index of the working fluid in the circulation pipeline remains stable, thus achieving a continuous improvement in the device's work capacity.

[0035] On the other hand, as attached Figure 3 As shown, the present invention also provides a hydrogen fuel cell engine power generation system, comprising two symmetrically arranged hydrogen fuel cell engine power generation devices. In use, the two hydrogen fuel cell engine power generation devices are installed side-by-side symmetrically, which can reduce the noise and vibration of the entire system, making the system operate more quietly and ideally suited for applications with high noise requirements, such as vehicle-mounted or underwater applications.

[0036] Among them, as attached Figure 3 As shown, the two hydrogen fuel cell generators share a single burner 6. During operation, a certain amount of liquid hydrogen fuel is injected into the burner 6, supplying oxygen to the two symmetrical gas delivery components 4. The total amount of oxygen supplied to the two gas delivery components 4 is proportional to the amount of hydrogen, ensuring that the amount of hydrogen and oxygen in the shared burner 6 is proportional. This makes hydrogen combustion safer and more reliable, the entire combustion process easier to control, and prevents abnormal combustion.

[0037] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features; and these modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A hydrogen fuel cell generator, characterized in that, It includes engine structural components, generator components, heat insulation and sealing components, gas one-way delivery components, regenerating components and burners, in which hydrogen is stably burned to form high-temperature and high-pressure gas; The engine structural component is provided with a cavity and a piston. An expansion cavity and a compression cavity are respectively provided at both ends of the cavity, and a back cavity is provided in the middle of the cavity. The piston is movably connected to the cavity and is located between the expansion cavity and the compression cavity. The generator components are installed in the back cavity; The heat insulation seal is movably installed between the expansion cavity and the back cavity, and the gap seal is located between the piston and the inner wall surface of the cavity. The heat insulation seal includes at least one heat insulation cylinder. The gas one-way delivery component is connected to the compression chamber, and one end of the gas one-way delivery component is used to deliver a certain amount of gas into the compression chamber in one direction. A first unidirectional flow structure is provided between the regenerating component and the compression chamber, so that gas flows unidirectionally from the compression chamber to the regenerating component. The regenerative component is connected in sequence to the burner and the expansion chamber. The regenerative component is used to preheat the gas in the compression chamber and recover the heat of the gas in the expansion chamber. A second unidirectional flow structure is provided between the regenerative component and the expansion chamber, so that the gas flows unidirectionally from the expansion chamber to the regenerative component. A third unidirectional flow structure is provided between the burner and the expansion chamber, so that gas flows unidirectionally from the burner into the expansion chamber. The hydrogen fuel cell power generation unit also includes an oxygen separation component and a condensation component; The oxygen separation component is connected to the other end of the gas one-way delivery component, and the oxygen separation component is used to separate oxygen and deliver oxygen to the gas one-way delivery component. One end of the condensation component is connected to the regenerating component, and the other end of the condensation component is connected to the other end of the gas unidirectional conveying component; The gas unidirectional delivery assembly, the compression chamber, the regenerating component, the burner, the expansion chamber, and the condensation assembly form a circulation pipeline, and helium is provided in the circulation pipeline; The oxygen separation assembly includes at least one membrane separator, the outlet of which is connected to the other end of the gas unidirectional delivery assembly. The condensation assembly includes at least one condenser, the air inlet of which is connected to the heat recovery component, and the air outlet of which is connected to the other end of the gas unidirectional delivery assembly.

2. The hydrogen fuel cell power generation device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The generator component includes a magnet and a stator assembly. The magnet is connected to the piston, which drives the magnet to move relative to the stator assembly and compress the gas in the compression chamber.

3. The hydrogen fuel cell generator according to claim 2, characterized in that, The stator assembly includes an outer stator and an inner stator, with the magnet located between the outer stator and the inner stator.

4. The hydrogen fuel cell power generation device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The gas unidirectional delivery assembly includes a one-way valve and a gas flow meter. The gas flow meter is connected to the inlet of the one-way valve, and the outlet of the one-way valve is connected to the compression chamber.

5. A hydrogen fuel cell engine power generation system, characterized in that, It includes two mutually symmetrical hydrogen fuel cell power generation devices as described in any one of claims 1-4.

6. The hydrogen fuel cell engine power generation system according to claim 5, characterized in that, The two hydrogen fuel cell generators share one burner.

Images