A sealing component and impeller device

Abstract

This invention discloses a sealing component and an impeller device, relating to the field of sealing technology. The sealing component includes an inner surface, an inner end face, and an outer end face. The inner surface faces the shaft, the inner end face faces the inside of the casing, and the outer end face faces the outside of the casing. A flow guiding area is provided on the inner end face, arranged circumferentially around the sealing component. At least two first flow guiding teeth are provided within the flow guiding area. The first flow guiding teeth are strip-shaped plates, and their length extends from near the inner surface to away from the inner surface. This invention solves the problem of severe vibration excitation in the air seal gap of existing impeller device seals.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of sealing technology, and in particular to a sealing component and impeller device. Background Technology

[0002] A turbomachinery is a type of power machinery that uses continuously rotating blades to convert energy between a fluid working medium and shaft power. Turbomachinery typically includes an impeller, an impeller shaft, and a cylinder, with seals between the impeller shaft and the cylinder. The impeller is a disc-shaped rotating component, and the impeller shaft is the central axis of the impeller and also the axis of rotation, extending out of the cylinder, also known as the casing. Existing seals between the impeller shaft and the cylinder often use labyrinth seals. Labyrinth seals consist of a row of annular sealing teeth, with a very small throttling clearance between the sealing teeth and the shaft or casing.

[0003] In the process of realizing this invention, the inventors discovered at least the following problems in the prior art: First, those skilled in the art know that labyrinth seals inevitably have leakage gaps and cannot achieve complete sealing. When the shaft is eccentric during operation, the shaft will vibrate; the greater the eccentricity, the greater the vibration. Furthermore, eccentricity is unavoidable during shaft operation, resulting in varying widths of the sealing gap flow channel between the impeller shaft and the seal. During equipment operation, the working fluid (i.e., the sealed gas) continuously enters the labyrinth seal, and due to the rotor's rotation, the airflow carries a certain circumferential velocity before entering the labyrinth seal. This circumferential airflow causes uneven pressure distribution on the impeller shaft surface, thus exacerbating the unstable vibration of the impeller shaft. This phenomenon is called gas seal gap excitation, and there have been numerous instances where impeller equipment has failed to reach its rated operating state due to gap airflow excitation. Of course, the degree of shaft eccentricity within a certain range is considered a safe operating range. As the shaft speed increases, the aforementioned gas seal gap excitation becomes more pronounced. Existing technologies can also avoid the occurrence of air seal gap vibration by increasing the frequency of shaft maintenance, but this approach will inevitably increase the cost of use.

[0004] Therefore, how to avoid the vibration phenomenon of the air seal gap of the impeller equipment seal and prevent the impeller shaft from rotating unevenly is a technical problem that urgently needs to be solved by those skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a sealing component that reduces vibration caused by the gas seal gap, so as to ensure that the shaft passing through the sealing component can operate smoothly for a long time.

[0006] To achieve this objective, a sealing component is provided, fixed within the shaft hole of a housing, comprising an inner side, an inner end face, and an outer end face. The inner side faces the shaft, the inner end face faces the interior of the housing, and the outer end face faces the exterior of the housing. A flow guiding area is provided on the inner end face, the flow guiding area being arranged circumferentially around the sealing component. At least two first flow guiding teeth are provided within the flow guiding area, the first flow guiding teeth being strip-shaped plates, the length direction of the first flow guiding teeth extending from near the inner side to away from the inner side.

[0007] Furthermore, the flow guiding area is located on the inner end face near the inner side face.

[0008] Furthermore, the spacing between the two first guide comb teeth gradually increases from the direction closer to the inner side to the direction farther from the inner side.

[0009] Furthermore, the first guide comb teeth are arc-shaped, and the centers of all the first guide comb teeth are on the same side relative to the first guide comb teeth.

[0010] Furthermore, all of the first guide comb teeth form a vortex shape.

[0011] Furthermore, it also includes at least two second guide comb teeth, the second guide comb teeth being strip-shaped sheets, and the second guide comb teeth being arranged crosswise with the first guide comb teeth.

[0012] Furthermore, the second guide comb teeth are annular and arranged circumferentially around the sealing component.

[0013] Furthermore, there are multiple second guide comb teeth, and the second guide comb teeth are nested in pairs.

[0014] Furthermore, the guide area can be a plane, an arc-shaped surface, or an inclined surface.

[0015] Beneficial effects:

[0016] This solution provides a sealing component fixed within the shaft hole of a casing, including an inner side surface, an inner end surface, and an outer end surface. The inner side surface faces the shaft, the inner end surface faces the inside of the casing, and the outer end surface faces the outside of the casing. A flow guiding area is provided on the inner end surface, arranged circumferentially around the sealing component. At least two first flow guiding teeth are provided within the flow guiding area. Each first flow guiding tooth is a strip-shaped sheet, with one end extending from the inner end to the outer end of the flow guiding area. The inner end of the flow guiding area is the end closest to the inner side surface.

[0017] In this design, the sealing component has a guide zone on its inner end face with at least two first guide combs forming a flow channel between them. When the impeller shaft rotates, some leaking gas enters this flow channel. The first guide combs reduce the energy of the airflow towards the inner surface of the sealing component, thus reducing the gap between the leaking gas and the shaft. Therefore, this sealing component achieves the technical benefits of good sealing performance, reduced vibration of the gas seal gap, and smooth shaft rotation. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the sealing component of this application;

[0019] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 Axial view in;

[0020] Figure 3 yes Figure 2 Cross-sectional view of AA;

[0021] Figure 4 This is a partial schematic diagram of a sealing component installed on an impeller device.

[0022] In the diagram: 100 - inner side surface; 200 - inner end face; 210 - guide zone; 211 - first guide comb tooth; 212 - second guide comb tooth; 110 - third comb tooth; 300 - outer end face; 400 - outer side surface; 500 - shaft. Detailed Implementation

[0023] To make the technical problems solved by the present invention, the technical solutions adopted, and the technical effects achieved clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0024] In the description of this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "connected," "linked," and "fixed" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0025] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, "above" or "below" the second feature can include direct contact between the first and second features, or contact between the first and second features through another feature between them. Furthermore, "above," "over," and "on top" of the second feature includes the first feature directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. "Below," "below," and "under" the second feature includes the first feature directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.

[0026] Example 1:

[0027] like Figures 1-4 As shown, this embodiment provides a sealing component fixed inside the shaft hole of the housing, with the shaft passing through the inner hole of the sealing component. The sealing component includes an inner surface 100, an inner end surface 200, and an outer end surface 300. The inner surface 100 faces the shaft 500, the inner end surface 200 faces the inside of the housing, and the outer end surface 300 faces the outside of the housing. A flow guiding area 210 is provided on the inner end surface 200, and the flow guiding area 210 is arranged circumferentially around the sealing component. At least two first flow guiding teeth 211 are provided in the flow guiding area 210. The first flow guiding teeth 211 are strip-shaped plates, and the length direction of the first flow guiding teeth 211 extends from near the inner surface 100 to away from the inner surface 100.

[0028] When the sealing component of this solution is in use, a flow guiding area 210 is provided on its inner end face 200. At least two first flow guiding teeth 211 are provided on the flow guiding area 210, forming a flow channel between the two first flow guiding teeth 211. When the shaft 500 (e.g., an impeller shaft) rotates, some leaked gas will enter the aforementioned flow channel. Under the action of the first flow guiding teeth, the energy of the airflow flowing towards the inner surface 100 of the sealing component is reduced. Therefore, the flow of leaked airflow in the gap between the inner surface 100 of the sealing component and the shaft 500 will be reduced. Thus, the sealing component of this embodiment has the technical effect of reducing vibration of the gas seal gap and ensuring smooth rotation of the shaft.

[0029] Furthermore, such as Figures 1-2 As shown, the flow guiding area 210 is disposed near the inner side surface 100 of the inner end face 200. The flow guiding area 210 is disposed on the inner end face 200 near the shaft 500. Further, one end of the first flow guiding comb tooth 211 extends outward from the junction of the inner side surface 100 and the inner end face 200 (that is, outward to the outer side surface 400).

[0030] Furthermore, such as Figures 1-2 As shown, the spacing between the two first guide comb teeth 211 gradually increases in the direction from near the inner side 100 to away from the inner side 100 (that is, near the outer side 400).

[0031] Furthermore, such as Figures 1-2 As shown, the first guide comb teeth 211 are arc-shaped, and the centers of all the first guide comb teeth 211 are on the same side relative to the first guide comb teeth 211. Furthermore, all the first guide comb teeth 211 form a vortex shape. The vortex-shaped first guide comb teeth 211 are more conducive to guiding the fluid to the inner end face 200, so that the fluid flows along the inner end face 200 in a direction approximately perpendicular to the inner side face 100, thereby reducing the amount of fluid entering the inner side face 100, thus mitigating the excitation phenomenon of the air seal gap and ensuring the smooth rotation of the shaft.

[0032] Furthermore, such as Figures 1-3 As shown, the sealing component further includes at least two second guide comb teeth 212, each a strip-shaped sheet, arranged intersecting with the first guide comb teeth 211. The at least two first guide comb teeth and the at least two second guide comb teeth form at least one throttling cavity, which contains an expansion space. The leaking gas flow sequentially enters the expansion space of each throttling cavity, generating intense turbulent vortices. These turbulent vortices irreversibly convert the mechanical energy of the leaking gas flow into internal energy, dissipating it into the environment, thus continuously reducing the mechanical energy of the leaking gas flow, thereby reducing the leakage amount and improving the sealing performance. In this embodiment, the sealing component, by further incorporating second guide comb teeth 212 into the structure of the first guide comb teeth 211, improves the sealing performance, reduces the vibration phenomenon of the gas seal gap, and thus ensures the smooth rotation of the shaft over a long period. The above-mentioned technical effects are even more pronounced when used on high-speed rotating shafts.

[0033] Furthermore, such as Figures 1-3 As shown, the second guide comb 212 is annular and arranged circumferentially around the sealing component. The first guide comb 211 intersects with the second guide comb 212, at which point the second guide comb 212 is annular. When there are at least two sets of both the first guide comb 211 and the second guide comb 212, multiple throttling cavities are formed in the guide area 210, further improving the performance of the sealing component.

[0034] Furthermore, such as Figures 1-3 As shown, when the second guide comb teeth 212 are annular and there are multiple second guide comb teeth 212, the second guide comb teeth 212 are sequentially nested in pairs. Preferably, all the second guide comb teeth 212 are arranged concentrically, and preferably, the center of all the second guide comb teeth 212 is collinear with the central axis of the sealing component.

[0035] Furthermore, such as Figures 1-3As shown, the flow guiding area 210 is disposed on the inner end face 200 of the sealing component, located at the junction of the inner end face 200 and the inner side face 100. The flow guiding area 210 can be a plane, an arc surface or an inclined surface.

[0036] Furthermore, such as Figures 1-3 As shown, the inner surface 100 has at least two third comb teeth 110, each of which is a strip-shaped sheet. The third comb teeth are arranged circumferentially around the sealing member, preferably with their ends connected. At least two third comb teeth are arranged side-by-side sequentially from the inner end face 200 to the outer end face 300. Preferably, the inner surface 100 has multiple third comb teeth, each arranged equidistantly side-by-side.

[0037] Example 2:

[0038] like Figure 4 This embodiment discloses an impeller device, including any of the sealing components described in Embodiment 1. The impeller device further includes an impeller, an impeller shaft, and a cylinder. The impeller is mounted on the impeller shaft, which is located within the cylinder. The cylinder has a shaft hole through which the impeller shaft passes. The sealing component is located at the shaft hole, with its guide area facing the back of the impeller, i.e., the guide area of ​​the sealing component is close to the back of the impeller, i.e., the side of the impeller without working blades. The impeller device of this embodiment can be axial flow, radial flow, mixed flow, or a combination type. Preferably, the impeller device of this embodiment is radial flow or centrifugal. When any of the sealing components in Embodiment 1 is used in a radial flow impeller device, the guide area of ​​the sealing component faces the cylinder and is located on the back of the impeller. Before the shaft end sealing, it is fixed to the shaft end sealing side, and the impeller device is in a stationary state during operation. The working medium inside the cylinder of the impeller device is usually gas and has a high working pressure. However, because the working medium forms a flow channel between the two first guide combs of the sealing component, a portion of the working medium is guided into a plane perpendicular to the shaft. At this time, the amount of working medium entering the inner side will be greatly reduced, thereby reducing the vibration phenomenon of the gas seal gap, ensuring the smooth rotation of the shaft, and also improving the sealing effect.

[0039] Furthermore, when the flow guiding area of ​​the sealing component includes the first flow guiding comb and the second flow guiding comb, the two first flow guiding combs and the two second flow guiding combs form at least one throttling cavity. After the working medium of the impeller enters the throttling cavity, it will generate a huge turbulent vortex. In this process, the turbulent vortex irreversibly converts the mechanical energy of the fluid into internal energy and dissipates it to the environment, causing the mechanical energy of the fluid to continuously decrease, which further reduces the excitation phenomenon of the gas seal gap.

[0040] When the sealing component is structured such that the first guide teeth 211 are arc-shaped, and the centers of all the first guide teeth 211 are on the same side relative to the first guide teeth 211; further, when all the first guide teeth 211 form a vortex shape; preferably, the rotation direction of the vortex formed by the first guide teeth on the sealing component is opposite to the rotation direction of the impeller shaft. For example... Figure 4 As shown, when the impeller shaft 500 rotates clockwise, the bending direction of the first guide comb 211 is counterclockwise. The impeller shaft 500 rotates clockwise (as shown in the image). Figure 4 The direction A in the middle will cause the surrounding working medium to rotate clockwise. When the working medium encounters the first guide comb tooth, its flow direction will change. At this time, the working medium entering the inner surface 100 of the sealing component will be in the opposite direction to the rotation of the impeller shaft (e.g., Figure 4 In the direction of B), the flow direction of the working medium entering the inner surface 100 of the sealing component is opposite to the direction of the airflow driven by the shaft 500, which reduces the circumferential flow energy of the working medium. The mechanical energy of the working medium entering the inner surface 100 of the sealing component will be irreversibly converted into internal energy, further reducing the working medium in the inner surface 100 of the sealing component, thereby improving the sealing performance of the sealing component and reducing the vibration phenomenon of the gas seal gap.

[0041] Obviously, the above embodiments of the present invention are merely examples for clearly illustrating the present invention, and are not intended to limit the implementation of the present invention. Those skilled in the art can make other variations or modifications based on the above description. It is neither necessary nor possible to exhaustively describe all embodiments here. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A sealing component, characterized in that, Fixed in the shaft hole of the casing, including an inner side surface, an inner end surface and an outer end surface, wherein the inner side surface faces the shaft, the inner end surface faces the inside of the casing, and the outer end surface faces the outside of the casing; A flow guiding area is provided on the inner end face, and the flow guiding area is arranged around the circumference of the sealing component; The flow guiding area is provided with at least two first flow guiding teeth, each of which is a strip-shaped sheet, and the length direction of the first flow guiding teeth extends from near the inner side to away from the inner side; it also includes at least two second flow guiding teeth, each of which is a strip-shaped sheet, and the second flow guiding teeth are arranged intersecting with the first flow guiding teeth; the at least two first flow guiding teeth and the at least two second flow guiding teeth form at least one throttling cavity, and the throttling cavity has an expansion space; The inner side has at least two third comb teeth, which are arranged side by side from the inner end face to the outer end face. All of the first guide comb teeth form a vortex, and the direction of rotation of the vortex formed by the first guide comb teeth on the sealing component is opposite to the direction of rotation of the impeller shaft.

2. The sealing component according to claim 1, characterized in that, The flow guiding area is located on the inner end face near the inner side face.

3. The sealing component according to claim 1, characterized in that, The spacing between the two first guide comb teeth gradually increases from the direction closer to the inner side to the direction farther away from the inner side.

4. The sealing component according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first guide comb teeth are arc-shaped, and the centers of all the first guide comb teeth are on the same side relative to the first guide comb teeth.

5. The sealing component according to claim 1, characterized in that, The second guide comb teeth are annular and arranged circumferentially around the sealing component.

6. The sealing component according to claim 5, characterized in that, There are multiple second guide comb teeth, and the second guide comb teeth are nested in pairs.

7. The sealing component according to claim 1, characterized in that, The guide zone is a plane, an arc surface, or an inclined surface.

8. An impeller device, characterized in that, The sealing component according to any one of claims 1-7 further includes an impeller, an impeller shaft, and a cylinder body, wherein the impeller is disposed on the impeller shaft, the impeller shaft is located in the cylinder body, the cylinder body is provided with a shaft hole, the impeller shaft passes through the shaft hole, the sealing component is disposed at the shaft hole, and the flow guiding area faces the back of the impeller.

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