Test device, test piece and installation method thereof, and nail hole extrusion performance testing device

Abstract

The application discloses a test device, a test piece, a mounting method thereof and a nail hole extrusion performance testing device. The test piece comprises a load receiving area and a clamping area. Two load receiving areas are symmetrically distributed at two ends of the clamping area. Each load receiving area is provided with a connecting interface for connecting a loading device. The thickness of the clamping area is greater than that of the load receiving area. The test device, the test piece, the mounting method thereof and the nail hole extrusion performance testing device are provided with the structure that the load receiving areas are symmetrically distributed relative to the clamping area and the thickness of the clamping area is greater than that of the load receiving area. The clamping area on the test piece is repeatedly used, the utilization rate is improved, and the cost of processing and preparing the test piece is reduced. The test of the connecting interfaces with different sizes or the same size can be carried out twice on the same test piece. The two tests are independent and do not affect each other, the accuracy of the test data on the same test piece is ensured, the interference of different factors is reduced, and more accurate comparative experimental data are provided.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a testing apparatus, a test specimen and its installation method, and a device for testing the extrusion performance of nail holes. Background Technology

[0002] Nail hole extrusion performance is a crucial performance indicator for the design of pin-hole connection installation structures using ceramic matrix composites (CMCs), typically measured through a single-nail double-shear nail hole extrusion test. Currently, all CMC nail hole extrusion test specimens are designed with a loading hole at one end and a loading clamping section at the other. Because the load-bearing area is concentrated at the loading hole end, most of the specimen material only serves to transfer the load, meaning a specimen cannot be reused after one use, resulting in low material utilization. Furthermore, the preparation and processing costs of CMC materials are very high (over 100,000 RMB per kilogram), leading to high manufacturing and processing costs for CMC nail hole extrusion test specimens.

[0003] Therefore, by reasonably optimizing the structural form of the nail hole extrusion test specimen of CMC material, the utilization rate of the test specimen material can be improved, which is of great significance for reducing the test cost of nail hole extrusion performance of CMC material. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the defects of low utilization rate of test pieces and increased cost in the prior art, and to provide a test device, test piece and its installation method, and nail hole extrusion performance test device.

[0005] The present invention solves the above-mentioned technical problems through the following technical solution:

[0006] A test specimen includes: a load-bearing area; a clamping area, two load-bearing areas symmetrically distributed at both ends of the clamping area, each load-bearing area having a connection interface for connecting a loading device, and the thickness of the clamping area being greater than the thickness of the load-bearing area.

[0007] In this design, the test specimen is divided into three regions: a load-bearing region, a clamping region, and a load-bearing area. The load-bearing regions at both ends are symmetrically distributed relative to the clamping regions. Connection interfaces are provided in the load-bearing regions, and the thickness of the clamping regions is greater than that of the load-bearing regions. This structural design allows the test specimen to be reused after testing the load-bearing region at one end, enabling testing of the load-bearing region at the other end. The reuse of the clamping regions improves the utilization rate of the test specimen, thereby reducing the cost of manufacturing and preparing the specimen and enhancing cost-effectiveness. Furthermore, two tests of connection interfaces of different or the same size can be performed on the same test specimen, and these two tests are independent and do not interfere with each other. This ensures the accuracy of the test data from the two tests on the same specimen and reduces the interference from different factors present in different test specimens, providing more accurate comparative experimental data. Under the premise of the same performance data sample size requirement, the number of required test specimens is significantly reduced, as is the manufacturing cost of the required test specimens.

[0008] Preferably, the connection interface is a through hole that penetrates the load-bearing area along the thickness direction of the load-bearing area.

[0009] In this design, this structural form facilitates the loading device's testing of the extrusion performance of the connection interfaces of the test specimen. Furthermore, the through-hole structure allows for measurement of the through-hole performance at different aperture sizes during testing.

[0010] Preferably, the two connection interfaces on the load area are of different sizes.

[0011] In this design, this structural form allows for two performance tests of connection interfaces of different sizes to be performed on the two loaded areas at the same test piece. The two tests are independent and do not interfere with each other, ensuring the accuracy of the test data on the same test piece and reducing interference from different factors present in different test pieces. This provides more accurate comparative experimental data. Simultaneously, it improves the utilization rate of the test piece, thereby reducing its processing and manufacturing costs.

[0012] Preferably, the load-bearing area and the clamping area are made of ceramic, and reinforcing plates are provided on both sides of the clamping area, the reinforcing plates being made of metal.

[0013] In this design, both the load-bearing and clamping areas of the test specimen are made of ceramic. Therefore, during the extrusion performance test, this could lead to the specimen breaking under pressure. To address this, reinforcing plates are installed on both sides of the clamping area of ​​the test specimen. These plates adhere to the clamping area, preventing damage during the extrusion performance test. Furthermore, using metal for the reinforcing plates further ensures the integrity of the test specimen during the extrusion performance test, protecting it from crushing.

[0014] Preferably, the reinforcing sheet has chamfered structures at both ends along the connection direction of the connection interface.

[0015] In this design, not only are reinforcing plates attached to the clamping area of ​​the test specimen, but the contact surfaces between the reinforcing plates and the clamping device also feature chamfered structures. These chamfered structures are located at both ends of the reinforcing plates along the connection direction of the interface; that is, there are two reinforcing plates in the clamping area, each with two chamfered points. The purpose of the chamfered structures is to reduce stress concentration during the loading process, as the test specimen is subjected to compression in the clamping area during compression testing.

[0016] A testing apparatus comprising: a test piece, a clamping device, and a loading device as described above, wherein one of the load-bearing areas of the test piece is connected to one end of the loading device via the connection interface, the clamping area of ​​the test piece is clamped and connected by the clamping device, and the other load-bearing area of ​​the test piece is suspended between the clamping devices.

[0017] In this solution, the extrusion performance of the test specimen needs to be tested. In previous technologies, the test specimen only had one loading area and one clamping area. Therefore, after one extrusion performance test, the specimen was not reused, and the preparation and processing costs were very high. Therefore, in this solution, the test specimen has loading areas on both sides, which solves the problems of low utilization rate and high preparation cost. One end of the test specimen's loading area is connected to one end of the loading device via a connecting interface. The clamping area of ​​the test specimen is clamped and connected by the clamping device. The other end's loading area is suspended between the clamping devices. That is, both the other end's loading area and clamping area are located between the clamping devices, but the loading area has no contact with the clamping devices and is suspended for the extrusion performance test. The reason for adopting this structural form is that when performing extrusion performance tests on the test specimen, a force is applied to the load area at the end to be tested, and this force is transmitted to the specimen, thus affecting the unmeasured load area at the other end and the specimen's condition. Therefore, as mentioned above, a reinforcing plate is set on the clamping area of ​​the test specimen, making the thickness of the clamping area greater than the thickness of the load areas at both ends. This separates the load area clamped between the clamping devices from the clamping devices, preventing it from being subjected to clamping force, ensuring the integrity of the test specimen, and avoiding the impact of force on the unmeasured load area at the other end, which would affect the accuracy and reliability of the test results. Therefore, the same test specimen can be subjected to two extrusion performance tests, reusing the clamping area. Both tests require the clamping device to hold the clamping area, improving the utilization rate of the test specimen and reducing preparation and processing costs. Meanwhile, two tests can be performed on the same test piece for connection interfaces of different or the same size, and the two tests are independent and do not affect each other, ensuring the accuracy of the test data on the same test piece and reducing the interference from different factors of different test pieces, thus providing more accurate comparative experimental data.

[0018] Preferably, the loading device includes a loading plate and a loading cover plate. The loading cover plate has two nail holes along its thickness direction. One nail hole at one end of the loading cover plate is connected to the connection interface of the load-bearing area, and the nail hole at the other end of the loading cover plate is connected to the loading plate.

[0019] In this design, the loading device consists of a loading plate and a loading cover plate. The loading cover plate also has nail holes identical to the connection interface of the load-bearing area of ​​the test piece. The loading cover plate is placed on both sides of the test piece and the loading plate, with these two sides being the extension directions of the axes of the connection interface and the nail holes. The purpose of placing the loading cover plate on both sides of the test piece and the loading plate is to transfer the load and ensure the alignment of the load.

[0020] Preferably, one end of the loading plate is provided with a loading hole, which is connected to the nail hole of the loading cover plate, and the other end of the loading plate is connected to the clamping device.

[0021] In this design, loading holes are provided on the loading plate, which correspond to the nail holes on the loading cover plate, allowing them to connect. The other end of the loading plate, like the clamping area of ​​the test piece, is a flat surface, also used for clamping by the clamping device. This ensures the balance of the extrusion performance test and more accurately reflects the accuracy of the test data.

[0022] Preferably, the number of loading covers is at least two, and the loading covers are located on both sides of the connection interface and the nail hole and / or the loading hole and the nail hole in the axial extension direction.

[0023] In this scheme, as described above, the loading cover plate is placed on both sides of the connection interface and the nail hole in the axial extension direction, or on both sides of the loading hole and the nail hole in the axial extension direction. The purpose of placing the loading cover plate on both sides of the test piece and the loading plate is to transfer the load and ensure load alignment. Preferably, the loading device includes bolts, the test piece is connected to the loading cover plate via the bolts, and the loading plate is connected to the loading cover plate via the bolts.

[0024] In this scheme, the test piece and the loading cover plate are connected by bolts, and the loading plate and the loading cover plate are also connected by bolts. This simplifies the installation process for the staff, facilitates the disassembly and replacement of the test piece, and improves the efficiency of the extrusion performance test.

[0025] Preferably, the thickness of the loading plate is the same as the thickness of the loaded area of ​​the test specimen.

[0026] In this scheme, to ensure the accuracy of the extrusion performance test data, the equipment and media used must be consistent. Therefore, when testing the connection interface on the loaded area of ​​the test piece, the thickness of the loading plate that maintains balance with it must be consistent with the thickness of the loaded area on the test piece. Furthermore, the loading cover plates are placed on both sides of the loading plate and the loaded area. Therefore, to reduce the error of the experimental data, the loaded area of ​​the test piece, the loading plate, and the loading cover plates need to be on the same horizontal plane, that is, the thickness of the loading plate must be consistent with the thickness of the loaded area of ​​the test piece, further ensuring the accuracy and reliability of the experimental data.

[0027] Preferably, the clamping device is a clamping block, and the number of clamping blocks is at least four, with two clamping blocks jointly clamping the test piece or loading plate.

[0028] In this design, clamping blocks are used as the clamping device, with at least four clamping blocks. Two clamping blocks are used together to clamp the test piece and the loading plate. Compared to using a single clamping block, using two clamping blocks ensures greater stability and balance during clamping. Furthermore, when it is necessary to change the clamped test piece or loading plate, only two clamping blocks need to be opened, making the operation simple and highly operable.

[0029] A method for installing a test specimen, which uses the test specimen as described above, is as follows:

[0030] S11. Connect the load-bearing area and the loading device at one end of the test piece;

[0031] S12, the clamping area of ​​the test piece is clamped and connected by the clamping device, and the other loading area of ​​the test piece is suspended between the clamping devices.

[0032] Preferably, the installation order of steps S11 and S12 can be interchanged.

[0033] In this scheme, it is only necessary to install the test piece between the loading device and the clamping device, and to perform extrusion performance tests on the connection interfaces on the load-bearing areas at both ends of the test piece. Therefore, there is no mandatory requirement for which end of the test piece should be installed first and which end should be installed last. Thus, in this scheme, the installation order of the test piece does not need to be considered by the staff.

[0034] Preferably, after the test of the load-bearing area at one end of the test piece is completed, the load-bearing area at the other end of the test piece is connected to the loading device, and the clamping area is repeatedly clamped and connected by the clamping device. The load-bearing area at the end of the test piece after the test is completed is between the clamping devices and in a suspended state.

[0035] In this scheme, as described above, it is only necessary to install the test piece between the loading device and the clamping device, and perform extrusion performance tests on the connection interfaces on the load areas at both ends of the test piece. Therefore, after the test of one end of the load area of ​​the test piece is completed, the other end of the load area of ​​the test piece is installed using the same installation method as described above.

[0036] A nail hole extrusion performance testing device includes a test piece as described above.

[0037] The significant advantages of this invention are as follows: The experimental apparatus, test specimen, and installation method, along with the nail hole extrusion performance testing device, utilize a structure where the load-bearing area is symmetrically distributed relative to the clamping area, with the clamping area being thicker than the load-bearing area. This allows the test specimen to be reused after testing the load-bearing area at one end, enabling testing of the load-bearing area at the other end. This reuse of the clamping area improves the utilization rate of the test specimen, thereby reducing the cost of manufacturing and preparing the specimen and enhancing cost-effectiveness. Furthermore, the same test specimen can be used to perform two tests on connection interfaces of different or the same size, with the two tests being independent and unaffected by each other. This ensures the accuracy of the test data from the two tests on the same specimen, reduces interference from different factors present in different test specimens, and provides more accurate comparative experimental data. Under the premise of the same performance data sample size requirement, the number of required test specimens is significantly reduced, as is the manufacturing cost of the required test specimens. Attached Figure Description

[0038] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the test device in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0039] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the test device from another perspective in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0040] Figure 3 This is a side view of the test apparatus in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0041] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the test piece in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0042] Figure 5 This is a side view of the test specimen in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0043] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the loading cover plate in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0044] Figure 7 This is a side view of the loading cover plate in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0045] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the loading plate in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0046] Figure 9 This is a side view of the loading plate in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0047] Figure 10 This is a flowchart illustrating the installation method of the test specimen in this invention.

[0048] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0049] Test Apparatus 1

[0050] Clamping device 2

[0051] Clamping block 21

[0052] Loading device 3

[0053] Loading plate 31

[0054] Loading hole 311

[0055] Loading cover 32

[0056] Nail hole 321

[0057] Bolt 33

[0058] Test piece 4

[0059] Loading area 41

[0060] Connection interface 411

[0061] Clamping area 42

[0062] Enhanced film 421

[0063] Chamfered structure 422 Detailed Implementation

[0064] The present invention will be further illustrated by way of embodiments below, but the present invention is not limited to the scope of the embodiments.

[0065] Figure 1-9 As shown, test piece 4, such as Figure 1-3 As shown, the test piece 4 includes a load-bearing area 41 and a clamping area 42, dividing the test piece 4 into three regions. These three regions are arranged sequentially on the test piece 4 as follows: load-bearing area 41, clamping area 42, and load-bearing area 41. That is, the load-bearing areas 41 at both ends are located at both ends of the test piece 4, and the clamping area 42 is located between the load-bearing areas 41 at both ends. The load-bearing areas 41 at both ends are symmetrically arranged on the test piece 4 relative to the clamping area 42.

[0066] A connection interface 411 is provided on the loading area 41, that is, two connection interfaces 411 are provided on each end of a test piece 4. Both connection interfaces 411 are used to connect with the loading device 3. That is, the connection interfaces 411 on the loading areas 41 at both ends of the test piece 4 are connected to the loading device 3 respectively, so that two tests can be performed. After the test of the loading area 41 at one end of the test piece 4 is completed, the clamping area 42 of the test piece 4 can be reused to test the loading area 41 at the other end of the test piece 4, thereby improving the utilization rate of the test piece 4 and reducing the cost of processing and preparing the test piece 4.

[0067] When testing the load area 41 on the test piece 4, one end of the load area 41 of the test piece 4 is connected to one end of the loading device 3 through the connection interface 411. The clamping area 42 of the test piece 4 is clamped and connected by the clamping device 2. The load area 41 at the other end of the test piece 4 is between the clamping devices 2 and is in a suspended state. That is, the load area 41 and the clamping area 42 at the other end of the test piece 4 are both located between the clamping devices 2, but the load area 41 has no contact with the clamping device 2 and is in a suspended state, so as to carry out the extrusion performance test.

[0068] The reason for adopting this structural form for test piece 4 is that when the extrusion performance of test piece 4 is tested, the load area 41 at the end to be tested will be subjected to force. If the load area 41 at the other end of test piece 4 that is not to be tested is in contact with the clamping device 2, the force will be transmitted to test piece 4, affecting the unmeasured load area 41 at the other end of test piece 4, and thus affecting the overall state of test piece 4. Therefore, as described above, a reinforcing piece 421 is provided on the clamping area 42 of test piece 4, so that the thickness of the clamping area 42 is greater than the thickness of the load areas 41 at both ends, so that the load area 41 clamped between the clamping device 2 is separated from the clamping device 2, so that it is not subjected to clamping force, ensuring the integrity of test piece 4, and avoiding the unmeasured load area 41 at the other end being subjected to force, which would affect the accuracy and reliability of the test results. Therefore, by adopting the above-mentioned structural form, the test piece 4 improves the accuracy and reliability of the test performance of the connection interface 411, eliminates other unstable external factors, and ensures that the test data of the connection interface 411 is only affected by one factor of the connection interface 411.

[0069] Specifically, in this embodiment, the material used for test piece 4 is ceramic, specifically ceramic matrix composite material. Ceramic matrix composite material is a type of composite material made of ceramic matrix and various fibers. It usually has the characteristics of high temperature resistance, high strength and modulus, low density, strong corrosion resistance and difficult processing, and has a wide range of application prospects in aerospace hot end structural components.

[0070] As described above, in this embodiment, both the load-bearing area 41 and the clamping area 42 are made of ceramic. When performing a compression performance test on the test piece 4, the clamping area 42 on the test piece 4 needs to be clamped by the clamping device 2. Therefore, during the clamping process, the clamping device 2 may cause problems such as compression and breakage of the test piece 4. Therefore, as Figure 4-5As shown, reinforcing plates 421 are provided on both sides of the clamping area 42 of the test piece 4, so that the reinforcing plates 421 are attached to the clamping area 42. The contact surface of the reinforcing plates 421 is the contact surface on both sides of the clamping area 42 and the clamping device 2, which avoids the test piece 4 from being damaged during the extrusion performance test. Furthermore, the reinforcing plates 421 are made of metal, which further ensures the integrity of the test piece 4 during the extrusion performance test and protects the test piece 4 from being crushed by clamping.

[0071] The extrusion performance test mentioned above refers to the general term for the mechanical behavior of nail holes on ceramic matrix composites, such as hole edge deformation and load-bearing capacity, when the surface is subjected to normal pressure in a specific direction.

[0072] Specifically, such as Figure 4-5 As shown, chamfered structures 422 are provided at both ends of the reinforcing plate 421 along the connection direction of the connection interface 411, that is, chamfered structures 422 are provided at two locations on the clamping area 42 and on the two contact surfaces of the clamped sides of the clamping device 2. The purpose of providing chamfered structures 422 is that when the test piece 4 is subjected to compression testing, it will be subjected to greater stress in the clamping area 42 due to compression when it is clamped. Therefore, providing reinforcing plates 421 in the clamping area 42 and chamfered structures 422 on reinforcing plates 421 can reduce the stress concentration during the loading process. It also further protects the integrity of the test piece 4 and prevents it from being damaged.

[0073] Meanwhile, the test piece 4 is provided with two load-bearing areas 41 and one clamping area 42, which allows for two tests of connection interfaces 411 of different or the same size to be performed on the same test piece 4. The two tests are independent of each other and do not affect each other. This structure of the test piece 4 is more suitable for comparative tests. The extrusion performance test is a comparative test conducted to compare and study the influence of the geometric parameters of the connection interface 411 opened on the CMC material on the extrusion performance of the CMC material.

[0074] In the comparative test, according to the comparison content, the two connection interfaces 411 on the two load-bearing areas 41 of the test piece 4 are designed and processed to have different geometric parameters. For example, in this embodiment, the two connection interfaces 411 are designed as through holes with different aperture sizes. In other embodiments, different hole end distances (the hole end distance is the distance from the center of the hole to the boundary at the end of the test piece 4) or different shapes of connection interfaces 411 (e.g., circular holes and ellipses) can also be used. Then, by utilizing the unique geometric parameters of the test piece 4, comparative data after testing the two connection interfaces 411 can be obtained through one test piece 4. Compared with the previous technology, where a test piece 4 has only one clamping area 42 and one load-bearing area 41, the geometric parameters of the test piece 4 in this embodiment can eliminate the influence of different test pieces 4 on different qualities, processing technology, and processing precision on the experimental data. That is, the comparative results obtained by the test in this embodiment eliminate the influence of the dispersion of material mechanical properties between the two plates used for comparative testing in the existing scheme on the comparative results, and can obtain more accurate comparative results, thereby providing more accurate guidance for engineering design. Under the premise of the same performance data sample size requirement, the number of required test pieces is significantly reduced, and the preparation and processing cost of the required test pieces is also significantly reduced.

[0075] Therefore, this embodiment ensures the accuracy of the test data from two tests on the same test piece 4, reduces the interference from different factors present in different test pieces 4, and can provide more accurate comparative experimental data.

[0076] Specifically, in this embodiment, the connection interface 411 is a through hole that penetrates the load-bearing area 41 along its thickness direction. This structure facilitates the loading device 3 in testing the compressive performance of the connection interface 411 on the test piece 4. Depending on the test design requirements, the through holes at both ends can have different diameters, end-to-end distances, edge-to-edge distances, or opening shapes. The through-hole structure facilitates the measurement of through-hole performance with different diameters during testing.

[0077] like Figure 1-3 As shown, a test device 1 is provided, which includes the test piece 4 described above, as well as a clamping device 2 and a loading device 3.

[0078] One end of the test piece 4 has a connection interface 411 on its load-bearing area 41 connected to one end of the loading device 3. The other end of the test piece 4 has a load-bearing area 41 suspended between the clamping devices 2. The clamping area 42 of the test piece 4 is reused and continues to be clamped by the clamping devices 2. In other words, the test piece 4 and the loading device 3 are movably connected and are clamped together between the clamping devices 2 at both ends to perform the extrusion performance test on the connection interface 411 on the load-bearing area 41 of the test piece 4 connected to the loading device 3. After the extrusion performance test on the connection interface 411 on the load-bearing area 41 of the test piece 4 is completed, the installation position of the test piece 4 can be changed to perform the extrusion performance test on the connection interface 411 on the other end of the load-bearing area 41 of the test piece 4. In this way, the same test piece 4 can be subjected to two extrusion performance tests, reusing the clamping area 42. Both tests require the clamping device 2 to clamp the clamping area 42, improving the utilization rate of the test piece 4 and reducing the preparation and processing costs. Meanwhile, two tests of connection interfaces 411 of different or the same size can be performed on the same test piece 4, and the two tests are independent of each other and do not affect each other, which ensures the accuracy of the test data on the same test piece 4, reduces the interference of different factors of different test pieces 4, and can provide more accurate comparative experimental data.

[0079] Specifically, such as Figure 6-9 As shown, the loading device 3 includes a loading plate 31 and a loading cover plate 32. The loading cover plate 32 has two nail holes 321 along its thickness direction. The nail holes 321 on the loading cover plate 32 correspond to the connection interface 411 on the load-bearing area 41 of the test piece 4. Therefore, the nail holes 321 at one end of the loading cover plate 32 are connected to the connection interface 411 on the load-bearing area 41 of the test piece 4, and the nail holes 321 at the other end of the loading cover plate 32 are movably connected to the loading plate 31. In this embodiment, a loading cover plate 32 includes two nail holes 321. The loading cover plate 32 covers both sides of the test piece 4 and the loading plate 31. These two sides are the extension directions of the axis of the connection interface 411 and the nail holes 321, that is, one loading device 3 includes two loading cover plates 32. The function of providing loading cover plates 32 on both sides of the test piece 4 and the loading plate 31 is that the loading cover plates 32 can transmit the loading load and ensure loading alignment. Furthermore, the loading plate 31 is also provided with a corresponding loading hole 311, which corresponds to the nail hole 321 on the loading cover plate 32. Therefore, the nail hole 321 on the loading cover plate 32 and the loading hole 311 on the loading plate 31 can be movably connected. As shown above, the nail hole 321 on the loading cover plate 32, the connection interface 411 on the load-bearing area 41 of the test piece 4, and the loading hole 311 on the loading plate 31 are all in a corresponding state.

[0080] Among them, such as Figure 1-3As shown, in this embodiment, the loading device 3 further includes bolts 33. The nail holes 321 on the loading cover plate 32 are movably connected to the loading holes 311 on the loading plate 31 via bolts 33. The nail holes 321 on the loading cover plate 32 are movably connected to the connection interface 411 on the load-bearing area 41 of the test piece 4 via bolts 33. In other embodiments, the connection method can be selected as needed.

[0081] In this embodiment, compared with other connection methods, the bolt 33 connection method can simplify the installation steps for workers and facilitate the disassembly and replacement of the test piece 4, thereby improving the efficiency of the extrusion performance test.

[0082] Specifically, during testing, the thickness of the loading plate 31, which maintains balance with the connection interface 411 on the load-bearing area 41 of the test piece 4, must be consistent with the thickness of the load-bearing area 41 on the test piece 4. Furthermore, the loading cover plates 32 are installed on both sides of the loading plate 31 and the load-bearing area 41, and the loading cover plates can transfer the load and ensure load alignment.

[0083] like Figure 1-3 As shown, in this embodiment, the clamping device 2 is connected by two clamping blocks 21 clamping together, and the number of clamping blocks 21 is at least four, which are used to clamp the test piece 4 and the loading plate 31 respectively.

[0084] Two clamping blocks 21 clamp the clamping area 42 of the test specimen 4, and the untested load-bearing area 41 of the test specimen 4 is also located between the two clamping blocks 21, with no contact between the load-bearing area 41 and the clamping blocks 21. The other two clamping blocks 21 jointly clamp the loading plate 31 to ensure stable and balanced clamping. Furthermore, when it is necessary to change the clamped test specimen 4 or the loading plate 31, only the two clamping blocks 21 need to be opened, making the operation simple and highly operable.

[0085] A method for installing a test specimen, such as Figure 10 As shown, the test piece 4 above was used, and its installation method can be summarized as follows:

[0086] S11. Connect the load-bearing area at one end of the test piece 4 to the loading device;

[0087] S12, the clamping area 42 of the test piece 4 is clamped and connected by the clamping device 2, and the other load area 41 of the test piece 4 is between the clamping devices 2 and is in a suspended state.

[0088] S13. After the test of one end of the load area 41 of the test piece 4 is completed, the other end of the load area 41 of the test piece 4 is connected to the loading device 3, and the clamping area 42 is repeatedly clamped and connected by the clamping device 2. The load area 41 of the test piece 4 after the test is completed is between the clamping devices 2 and is in a suspended state.

[0089] Specifically, in this embodiment, the installation method of the test piece is as follows: First step: Connect the connection interface 411 on one end of the load area 41 of the test piece 4 and the nail hole 321 on the loading cover plate 32 together by bolts 33.

[0090] Step 2: Connect the loading hole 311 on the loading plate 31 and the nail hole 321 on the loading cover plate 32 together using bolts 33;

[0091] Step 3: Clamp the other end of the test piece 4, the load area 41 and the clamping area 42, between the clamping device 2, that is, between the two clamping blocks 21 mentioned above.

[0092] Step 4: Clamp the other end of the loading plate 31 between the clamping devices 2, that is, between the two clamping blocks 21 mentioned above;

[0093] Step 5: After the test of one end of the load area 41 of the test piece 4 is completed, connect the other end of the load area 41 of the test piece 4 to the loading device 3, repeat the above steps to install the other end of the load area 41 of the test piece 4 and test again. Then, place the other load area 41 of the test piece 4 between the clamping devices 2 and in a suspended state. The clamping area 42 of the test piece 4 is clamped and connected by the clamping devices 2.

[0094] In the above steps, the installation order of the first to fourth steps of the installation method for test piece 4 can be customized and interchanged according to the actual situation.

[0095] By using this method, after the load area 41 at one end of the test piece 4 is tested, the load area 41 at the other end can be switched to be tested. This allows the clamping area 42 of the test piece 4 to be reused, improving the utilization rate of the test piece 4, thereby reducing the cost of processing and preparing the test piece 4 and improving its cost-effectiveness.

[0096] Simultaneously, two tests of connection interfaces 411 of different or the same size can be performed on the same test piece 4, and the two tests are independent and do not affect each other, ensuring the accuracy of the test data on the same test piece 4 and reducing the interference from different factors of different test pieces, thus providing more accurate comparative experimental data. Under the premise of the same performance data sample size requirement, the number of test pieces required is significantly reduced, and the preparation and processing costs of the required test pieces are also significantly reduced.

[0097] While specific embodiments of the present invention have been described above, those skilled in the art should understand that these are merely illustrative examples, and the scope of protection of the present invention is defined by the appended claims. Those skilled in the art can make various changes or modifications to these embodiments without departing from the principles and essence of the present invention, but all such changes and modifications fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A testing apparatus, characterized in that, The test apparatus includes: Clamping device; Loading device; The test piece includes a load-bearing area and a clamping area. The two load-bearing areas are symmetrically distributed at both ends of the clamping area. Each load-bearing area has a connection interface for the loading device to connect to. The thickness of the clamping area is greater than the thickness of the load-bearing area. One of the load-bearing areas of the test piece is connected to one end of the loading device through the connection interface, the clamping area of ​​the test piece is clamped and connected by the clamping device, and the other load-bearing area of ​​the test piece is suspended between the clamping devices.

2. The test apparatus as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The loading device includes a loading plate and a loading cover plate. The loading cover plate has two nail holes along its thickness direction. One nail hole at one end of the loading cover plate is connected to the connection interface of the load-bearing area, and the nail hole at the other end of the loading cover plate is connected to the loading plate.

3. The test device of claim 2, wherein, One end of the loading plate is provided with a loading hole, which is connected to the nail hole of the loading cover plate, and the other end of the loading plate is connected to the clamping device.

4. The test apparatus as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The number of loading cover plates is at least two, and the loading cover plates are located on both sides of the connection interface and the nail hole and / or the loading hole and the nail hole in the axial extension direction.

5. The test apparatus as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The loading device includes bolts, the test piece is connected to the loading cover plate by the bolts, and the loading plate is connected to the loading cover plate by the bolts.

6. The test apparatus as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The thickness of the loading plate is the same as the thickness of the loaded area of ​​the test specimen.

7. The test apparatus as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The clamping device is a clamping block, and the number of clamping blocks is at least four, with two clamping blocks jointly clamping the test piece or loading plate.

8. The test apparatus as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The connection interface is a through hole that penetrates the load-bearing area along the thickness direction of the load-bearing area.

9. The test apparatus as described in claim 8, characterized in that, The two connection interfaces on the load area are of different sizes.

10. The test apparatus as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The load-bearing area and the clamping area are made of ceramic, and reinforcing plates are provided on both sides of the clamping area. The reinforcing plates are made of metal.

11. The test apparatus as described in claim 10, characterized in that, The reinforcing plate has chamfered structures at both ends along the connection direction of the connection interface.

12. A method for installing a test specimen, characterized in that, It employs the testing apparatus as described in claim 1, and the specific installation method is as follows: S11. Connect the load-bearing area at one end of the test piece to the loading device; S12, The clamping area of ​​the test piece is clamped and connected by the clamping device, and the load-bearing area at the other end of the test piece is suspended between the clamping devices.

13. The method for installing the test specimen as described in claim 12, characterized in that, The installation order of steps S11 and S12 can be interchanged.

14. The method for installing the test specimen as described in claim 12, characterized in that, After the test is completed at one end of the load-bearing area of ​​the test piece, the other end of the load-bearing area of ​​the test piece is connected to the loading device, and the clamping area is repeatedly clamped and connected by the clamping device. The load-bearing area at the end of the test piece after the test is completed is between the clamping devices and in a suspended state.

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