A thermal management system for a phase change material coupled heat spreader and copper high thermal conductivity material

Abstract

This invention discloses a thermal management system for coupling a phase change material (PCM) heat spreader and a copper high thermal conductivity material. The system includes a subsystem comprising a first fin, a heat spreader, second fins, a finned tube, a battery cell, and the PCM. Several second fins surround the outer wall of the finned tube, with adjacent second fins parallel to each other and equidistant from each other. Several battery cells are correspondingly installed within the finned tube, forming a battery pack. The centers of the battery cell, the finned tube, and the second fins are aligned on the same axis. The PCM is honeycomb-shaped, composed of several closely arranged hexagonal prisms, each hexagonal prism having a vertical slot, and the finned tube is placed within the vertical slot. Both ends of the PCM are sealed with a honeycomb-shaped heat spreader, and the other side of the heat spreader is covered with first fins, with adjacent first fins parallel to each other and equidistant from each other. This invention features a compact structure, high thermal conductivity, and achieves fully passive thermal management, enabling rapid and effective expansion of the battery module.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of battery thermal management technology, specifically to a thermal management system that couples a phase change material heat sink with a copper high thermal conductivity material. Background Technology

[0002] High-energy-density batteries typically use chemical substances as energy storage media, such as lithium-ion or polymer electrolytes. During charging and discharging, these chemicals undergo electrochemical reactions, releasing electrical and thermal energy. Because high-energy-density batteries usually store more electrical energy, they generate more heat during charging and discharging. Excessively high internal temperatures can severely affect battery performance and lifespan, and may even cause safety issues such as fires and explosions. Therefore, to ensure the safety and performance of high-energy-density batteries, appropriate heat dissipation measures are needed to control battery temperature and keep it within the normal operating temperature range, thereby ensuring optimal battery performance and lifespan.

[0003] Phase change materials (PCMs) are materials that undergo a physical phase change when the temperature changes. In the battery field, PCMs are commonly used to control battery temperature to improve battery performance and lifespan. Traditional battery temperature control methods typically employ passive cooling methods such as fans and heat sinks, or active cooling methods such as coolant circulation. However, these methods suffer from high energy consumption, large size, and low efficiency. PCMs, on the other hand, possess characteristics such as temperature sensitivity, good thermal stability, and energy efficiency, making them an important technology for battery temperature control. Currently, many companies and research institutions both domestically and internationally are conducting research on PCMs in the battery field. For example, General Electric (GE) has developed a PCM battery energy storage system called "DuraStor" to balance grid load and improve the efficiency of energy storage systems. Furthermore, some domestic battery companies, such as BYD and JAC Motors, have also begun applying PCMs to battery temperature control. In conclusion, PCMs, as a novel battery temperature control technology, have broad application prospects.

[0004] Vapor chamber technology boasts advantages such as rapid, uniform, and stable heat conduction, quickly and evenly distributing the heat generated by the battery throughout the entire battery module. This effectively controls battery temperature, improving battery performance and lifespan. With continuous technological advancements and widespread application, vapor chamber technology has gained broad acceptance. For example, Tesla employs vapor chamber technology to control the battery temperature of its electric vehicles with excellent results. Furthermore, several battery companies and research institutions both domestically and internationally are also conducting research and applying vapor chamber technology.

[0005] High thermal conductivity materials, as a thermal management technology, can quickly transfer heat generated inside the battery to the outside, effectively controlling the battery temperature. High thermal conductivity materials have become an indispensable part of the battery industry. For example, some battery companies use high thermal conductivity materials to manufacture heat dissipation materials such as heat sinks inside batteries, thereby improving battery performance and lifespan.

[0006] The current state of phase change material cooling technology assembly is still under continuous exploration and improvement. It is necessary to comprehensively consider and improve aspects such as the expansion of the thermal management system and the manufacturing process. Therefore, this application proposes a thermal management system that couples a phase change material heat spreader with a copper high thermal conductivity material. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings and deficiencies of the prior art and provide a thermal management system that couples a phase change material heat exchanger with a copper high thermal conductivity material.

[0008] The objective of this invention is achieved through the following technical solution:

[0009] A thermal management system for coupling a phase change material heat spreader and a copper high thermal conductivity material includes a subsystem, wherein the subsystem includes a first fin, a heat spreader, a second fin, a finned tube, a battery cell, and a phase change material;

[0010] Several second ribs surround the outer wall of the finned tube, with adjacent second ribs being parallel to each other and spaced equally apart; several battery cells are correspondingly installed in the finned tube to form a battery pack; the centers of the battery cells, the finned tube, and the second ribs are on the same axis; the phase change material is honeycomb-shaped, composed of several closely arranged hexagonal prisms, each hexagonal prism having a vertical through groove, and the finned tube is placed in the vertical through groove; both the upper and lower ends of the phase change material are sealed with honeycomb-shaped heat spreaders, and the other side of the heat spreader is covered with first ribs, with adjacent first ribs being parallel to each other and spaced equally apart;

[0011] Preferably, there is direct contact between the battery cell and the finned tube, between the finned tube and the second fin, and between the second fin and the phase change material;

[0012] Preferably, the finned tube is hollow inside, and the upper and lower ends of the battery cell installed inside the finned tube are covered by a heat spreader plate, so that the heat of the battery cell electrode can be transferred to the heat spreader plate.

[0013] Preferably, the battery cells are arranged in a staggered pattern;

[0014] Preferably, the subsystem has a honeycomb structure, and the thermal management system is composed of several subsystems spliced ​​together in a plane. Adjacent subsystems are spliced ​​together by fixed angles at the honeycomb corners, and adjacent subsystems on the left and right are spliced ​​together vertically and vertically, while adjacent subsystems on the top and bottom are spliced ​​together in parallel.

[0015] Preferably, the subsystem is composed of several closely arranged hexagonal prisms, with trapezoidal edges at the top and bottom. The upper end is a trapezoidal edge that is concave towards the center, and the lower end is a trapezoidal edge that is convex outward. The subsystem is symmetrical from left to right, with triangular edges formed on both sides.

[0016] When the subsystems are spliced ​​vertically, the convex trapezoidal edges are inserted into the concave trapezoidal edges to form a splice; when the subsystems are spliced ​​horizontally, the subsystems are staggered vertically, and the triangular edges are inserted into each other to form a splice, with the vertex angle of each triangle being 120 degrees.

[0017] Preferably, the heat generated by the battery cell is conducted to the second fin through the finned tube attached to its surface. The second fin transfers the heat to the phase change material. After absorbing the heat, the phase change material outputs the heat to the heat spreaders at the upper and lower ends. Finally, the heat is dissipated to the outside of the system by the first fin laid flat on the heat spreader. The heat generated by the upper and lower electrodes of the battery cell is dissipated to the heat spreader.

[0018] As a preferred embodiment, the first fin, the second fin, the heat spreader, and the finned tube are all made of copper.

[0019] As a preferred embodiment, the phase change material is an insulating composite phase change material;

[0020] Working Principle: High-energy-density batteries generate a large amount of heat during charging and discharging, causing the battery temperature to rise. Effective heat dissipation is necessary, as is maintaining temperature uniformity among the individual cells. The heat generated by the cells is conducted through finned tubes attached to their surfaces to the second fins and the phase change material (PCM). Simultaneously, the heat transferred to the finned tubes is conducted to the PCM, which absorbs the heat and then releases it to the upper and lower heat spreaders. The heat generated at the upper and lower terminals of the cells dissipates to the heat spreaders, and the heat absorbed by the heat spreaders is finally dissipated to the outside of the system through the first fin. When the PCM absorbs heat and reaches its phase change melting point, the surface temperature of the cells gradually rises, eventually approaching the phase change temperature of the PCM. The heat spreaders can absorb heat from the higher-temperature cells' terminals or release heat to the lower-temperature cells' terminals. Consistent terminal temperatures contribute to the overall temperature uniformity of the battery, ultimately ensuring that the terminal temperatures of each cell in the system become uniform.

[0021] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0022] The thermal management system proposed in this invention couples phase change material, heat spreader, and fins, resulting in a compact structure and high thermal conductivity. This achieves fully passive thermal management, eliminating the need for external energy input for the phase change material, heat spreader, or fins. It keeps the battery within its normal operating temperature range, ensuring optimal battery performance and lifespan, while also achieving energy conservation and emission reduction.

[0023] The second rib of this invention surrounds the outer wall of the finned tube. Adjacent second ribs are parallel to each other and spaced equally apart, which increases the heat dissipation area. The use of fin rings instead of a full battery enclosure is also to consider the cost of rib materials. Secondly, the number of second ribs should not be too large. Considering the molding process of phase change material, if the number is too large, the distance between the ribs will become very narrow. When the phase change material is not very fluid during casting, it cannot fill small gaps, resulting in a large air thermal resistance between the ribs and the phase change material, thus reducing the heat exchange capacity of the system.

[0024] The phase change material of this invention is honeycomb-shaped, composed of several closely arranged hexagonal prisms, which not only improves heat dissipation efficiency but also has efficient temperature control and uniformity capabilities. For a single cell, the optimal operating temperature is around 15-50℃. By selecting a suitable melting point of the phase change material and absorbing latent heat, the battery temperature can be effectively kept at the material's melting point. For a battery module, the performance differences between individual cells directly affect the performance of the entire battery module, so it is necessary to control the overall temperature uniformity. The honeycomb-shaped phase change material allows for a staggered arrangement of the battery pack, significantly enhancing the heat dissipation effect. The phase change material absorbs heat from a single battery pack and maintains a consistent heat distribution over a long period, outputting the heat to the heat spreaders at the top and bottom. Simultaneously, the heat generated by the upper and lower terminals of the cell is also dissipated to the heat spreaders, and finally dissipated to the outside of the system through the first fin, ensuring the temperature consistency of the cell during operation.

[0025] The thermal management system proposed in this invention is composed of several subsystems. The subsystems have a honeycomb structure, and adjacent subsystems are spliced ​​together at fixed angles on the honeycomb corners. The left and right adjacent subsystems are spliced ​​vertically and vertically, while the top and bottom adjacent subsystems are spliced ​​in parallel. When assembling battery modules or larger battery packs, the shape of this invention can quickly and effectively expand the battery modules while maintaining the staggered arrangement of the battery pack, thus maintaining effective heat dissipation efficiency and keeping the temperature of the cells consistent during operation. This reduces calibration time when expanding battery modules and enables the application of the thermal management system in larger battery modules. Attached Figure Description

[0026] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the subsystem of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 2 This is a partial cross-sectional view of the thermal management system of the phase change material coupled finned tube and heat spreader of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 3 This is a perspective view of the thermal management system of the phase change material coupled finned tube and heat spreader of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 4This is a top view of the thermal management system of the phase change material coupled finned tube and heat spreader of the present invention.

[0030] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the battery cell, the finned tube, and the second fin of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 6 This is a perspective view of the ribbed tube of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the second rib of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 8 This is a partial cross-sectional top view of the thermal management system of the phase change material coupled finned tube and heat spreader of the present invention.

[0034] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the planar splicing of the subsystem of the present invention.

[0035] In the diagram: 1. First fin; 2. Heat spreader; 3. Second fin; 4. Finned tube; 5. Battery cell; 6. Phase change material. Detailed Implementation

[0036] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the embodiments and accompanying drawings, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.

[0037] Example 1:

[0038] Please see Figure 1-9 This embodiment provides a technical solution:

[0039] A thermal management system for coupling a phase change material heat exchanger and a copper high thermal conductivity material includes a subsystem, wherein the subsystem includes a first fin 1, a heat exchanger 2, a second fin 3, a finned tube 4, a battery cell 5, and a phase change material 6;

[0040] Several second ribs 3 surround the outer wall of the finned tube 4, with adjacent second ribs 3 being parallel to each other and spaced equally apart; several battery cells 5 are correspondingly installed in the finned tube 4 to form a battery pack; the centers of the battery cells 5, the finned tube 4, and the second ribs 3 are on the same axis; the phase change material 6 is honeycomb-shaped and consists of several closely arranged hexagonal prisms, each hexagonal prism having a vertical through groove, and the finned tube 4 is placed in the vertical through groove; both the upper and lower ends of the phase change material 6 are sealed with honeycomb-shaped heat spreaders 2, and the other side of the heat spreader 2 is covered with first ribs 1, with adjacent first ribs 1 being parallel to each other and spaced equally apart.

[0041] In this invention, the second rib 3 surrounds the outer wall of the rib tube 4. Adjacent second ribs 3 are parallel to each other and spaced equally apart, which increases the heat dissipation area. The use of rib rings instead of a full battery enclosure is also to consider the cost of rib materials. Secondly, the number of second ribs 3 should not be too large. Considering the molding process of phase change material 6, if the number is too large, the distance between the ribs will become very narrow. When the phase change material 6 is not very fluid during casting, it cannot fill the small gaps, resulting in a large air thermal resistance between the ribs and the phase change material 6, thus reducing the heat exchange capacity of the system. Secondly, the phase change material 6 is honeycomb-shaped, composed of several closely arranged hexagonal prisms, which not only improves heat dissipation efficiency but also has efficient temperature control and uniformity capabilities. For a single cell, the optimal operating temperature is around 15-50℃. By selecting a suitable phase change material melting point and absorbing latent heat, the battery temperature can be effectively kept at the material melting point. For the battery module, the performance differences between individual cells directly affect the performance of the entire battery module, so it is necessary to control the overall temperature uniformity. The honeycomb-shaped phase change material 6 allows the battery pack to be arranged in a staggered manner, which significantly enhances the heat dissipation effect. The phase change material 6 absorbs the heat of a single battery pack and keeps it the same for a long time, outputting the heat to the heat spreaders 2 at the top and bottom. At the same time, the heat generated by the upper and lower terminals of the cell 5 is also dissipated to the heat spreaders 2, and finally dissipated to the outside of the system through the first fin 1, ensuring the temperature consistency of the cell 5 under the working state.

[0042] Preferably, the battery cell 5 is in direct contact with the finned tube 4, the finned tube 4 is in direct contact with the second fin 3, and the second fin 3 is in direct contact with the phase change material 6; the direct contact between the battery cell 5, the finned tube 4, the second fin 3 and the phase change material 6 further enhances the heat dissipation effect.

[0043] Preferably, the finned tube 4 is hollow inside, and the upper and lower ends of the battery cell 5 installed inside the finned tube 4 are covered by the heat dissipation plate 2, so that the heat of the battery cell 5 terminals can be transferred to the heat dissipation plate 2. In addition to absorbing the temperature of the battery cell 5 terminals with higher temperatures, the heat dissipation plate 2 can also release heat to the battery cell 5 terminals with lower temperatures. The uniformity of terminal temperatures is beneficial to the uniformity of the overall battery temperature. The heat dissipation plate 2 of the present invention makes the temperature of each battery cell 5 terminal eventually tend to be uniform.

[0044] Preferably, to enhance heat dissipation, the battery cells 5 are arranged in a staggered pattern.

[0045] Preferably, the subsystem has a honeycomb structure, and the thermal management system is composed of several subsystems spliced ​​together in planar fashion. Adjacent subsystems are spliced ​​together at fixed angles on the honeycomb-shaped corners, and adjacent subsystems on the left and right are spliced ​​together vertically and vertically, while adjacent subsystems on the top and bottom are spliced ​​together in parallel. When forming a battery module or a larger battery pack, the shape of this invention can quickly and effectively expand the battery module while maintaining the staggered arrangement of the battery pack, thus maintaining effective heat dissipation efficiency and keeping the temperature of the battery cells 5 consistent during operation. This reduces calibration time during battery module expansion and enables the thermal management system to be applied to larger battery modules.

[0046] Preferably, the subsystem is composed of several closely arranged hexagonal prisms, with trapezoidal edges at the top and bottom. The upper end is a trapezoidal edge that curves inward toward the center, and the lower end is a trapezoidal edge that curves outward. The subsystem is symmetrical from left to right, with triangular edges forming on both sides. When the subsystems are joined vertically, the outwardly convex trapezoidal edges are engaged with the inwardly concave trapezoidal edges to form a joint. When the subsystems are joined horizontally, the subsystems are staggered vertically, with the triangular edges engaging to form a joint. The apex angle of each triangle is 120 degrees. Figure 9 As shown, the edges of the subsystem are composed of different sides of a hexagonal prism. The middle of the upper boundary of the subsystem is an inwardly concave equilateral trapezoid, and the middle of the lower boundary of the subsystem is an outwardly convex equilateral trapezoid. The left and right boundaries of the subsystem are symmetrical and are both triangles.

[0047] Preferably, the heat generated by the battery cell 5 is conducted to the second fin 3 through the finned tube 4 attached to its surface. The second fin 3 transfers the heat to the phase change material 6. After absorbing the heat, the phase change material 6 outputs the heat to the heat spreaders 2 at the upper and lower ends, and finally dissipates it to the outside of the system through the first fin 1 laid flat on the heat spreader 2. The heat generated by the upper and lower electrodes of the battery cell 5 is dissipated to the heat spreader 2. The thermal management system proposed in this invention couples the phase change material 6, the heat spreader 2, and the fins, resulting in a compact structure and high thermal conductivity. This achieves fully passive thermal management. Neither the phase change material 6, the heat spreader 2, nor the fins require external energy input, thus keeping the battery within the normal operating temperature range. This ensures the optimal performance and lifespan of the battery and also achieves energy saving and emission reduction.

[0048] As a preferred option, to enhance heat dissipation, the first fin 1, the second fin 3, the heat spreader 2, and the finned tube 4 are all made of copper.

[0049] As a preferred option, to enhance heat dissipation, the phase change material 6 is an insulating composite phase change material.

[0050] Working Principle: High-energy-density batteries generate a large amount of heat during charging and discharging, causing the battery temperature to rise. Effective heat dissipation is necessary, while maintaining temperature consistency among the individual cells 5 is also crucial. The heat generated by cell 5 is conducted through the finned tubes 4 attached to its surface to the second fins 3 and the phase change material 6. Simultaneously, the heat transferred to the finned tubes 4 is conducted to the phase change material 6. After absorbing heat, the phase change material 6 outputs the heat to the upper and lower heat spreaders 2. The heat generated at the upper and lower terminals of cell 5 dissipates to the heat spreaders 2, and the heat absorbed by the heat spreaders 2 is finally dissipated to the outside of the system through the first fins 1. When the phase change material 6 absorbs heat and reaches its phase change melting point, the surface temperature of cell 5 gradually rises, eventually approaching the phase change temperature of the phase change material 6. The heat spreaders 2 can absorb heat from the higher-temperature terminals of cell 5 or release heat to the lower-temperature terminals of cell 5. Consistent terminal temperatures contribute to the overall temperature consistency of the battery, and the terminal temperatures of each cell 5 in the system eventually tend to be uniform.

[0051] Example 2:

[0052] This embodiment provides a phase change material coupled heat dissipation plate and copper high thermal conductivity material thermal management system, including a power battery pack and a thermal management system. The power battery pack is specifically composed of several cells 5 installed in finned tubes 4, and the battery pack is connected in parallel to form a battery module.

[0053] The thermal management system consists of subsystems, each including:

[0054] The first rib 1, used to assist in heat dissipation, is welded to the outside of the heat spreader 2. Adjacent first ribs 1 are parallel to each other and spaced at equal intervals.

[0055] The heat spreader 2 is a flat plate with a honeycomb structure. It has a cover at the top and bottom that fits tightly together. It is supported by copper pillars inside. The heat spreader 2 absorbs the heat emitted by the upper and lower poles of the battery cell 5.

[0056] The second rib 3 is a circular ring structure that surrounds the rib tube 4. Adjacent second ribs 3 are parallel to each other and are spaced at equal intervals. The number of second ribs 3 should not be too large. The connection between the second rib 3 and the rib tube 4 is achieved by resistance welding.

[0057] The finned tube 4 wraps around each battery cell 5 and is in direct contact with the battery cell 5.

[0058] The phase change material 6 is composed of nine hexagonal prisms, each with a regular hexagonal cross-section. The nine regular hexagons are divided into three columns, with three in each column. The regular hexagons in the first and third columns are on the same horizontal line, while the regular hexagons in the second column are staggered vertically from the first and third columns. Each hexagonal prism has a hollow vertical through groove, which is cylindrical, and the rib tube 4 is placed in the vertical through groove.

[0059] The battery cell 5, finned tube 4, second fin 3, and vertical through groove include, but are not limited to, cylinders, and can also be cuboids or cubes.

[0060] Each cell 5 includes two terminals, positive and negative. Adjacent cells 5 are connected end to end. The diameter of a single cell 5 is slightly smaller than the diameter of the finned tube 4.

[0061] The thermal management system consists of several subsystems that are spliced ​​together in a plane to achieve large-scale battery thermal management. Adhesive thermal conductive sheets or thermally conductive silicone grease with high thermal conductivity can be used to bond the surfaces between the subsystems. When no adhesive material is added to the surface, the large system can also be fixed in the horizontal and vertical directions with fixing plates or custom-made shells.

[0062] This invention has good temperature uniformity and control capabilities. The second fin 3 and the fin tube 4 absorb the heat generated by the battery cell 5, and the phase change material 6 absorbs the heat transferred by the second fin 3 and the fin tube 4. At the same time, the heat from the battery cell 5 terminals and the heat absorbed by the phase change material 6 are transferred to the heat dissipation plate 2 to ensure the consistency of battery temperature. Finally, the heat dissipation system is assisted by the first fin 1, resulting in better heat dissipation.

[0063] Example 3:

[0064] This embodiment provides a thermal management system for a phase change material coupled with a heat spreader and a copper high thermal conductivity material. The thermal management system consists of subsystems, each of which includes a first fin 1, a heat spreader 2, a second fin 3, a finned tube 4, a battery cell 5, and a phase change material 6.

[0065] The phase change material 6 used in this embodiment is an organic phase change material or an inorganic phase change material, such as: expanded graphite, carbon nanotubes, graphene and other materials with high thermal conductivity, phase change materials composed of common organic phase change materials (such as paraffin, fatty acids), microcapsule-type phase change materials, or flexible composite phase change materials composed of styrene-butadiene-styrene block copolymer / paraffin / expanded graphite (SBS / PA / EG).

[0066] The second fin 3 and the finned tube 4 are made of foamed metal materials such as foamed nickel and foamed copper. Foamed metals are corrosion resistant, inexpensive, have good thermal stability, and dissipate heat quickly, which can effectively improve heat dissipation.

[0067] The first rib 1 is made of copper or other thermally conductive metals. Copper has a high thermal conductivity and good heat dissipation effect.

[0068] The above are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited to the above content. Any changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, or simplifications made without departing from the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be considered equivalent substitutions and shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A thermal management system for coupling a phase change material heat exchanger and a copper high thermal conductivity material, characterized in that, The device includes a subsystem comprising a first fin, a heat spreader, a second fin, a finned tube, a battery cell, and a phase change material. Several second fins surround the outer wall of the finned tube, with adjacent second fins being parallel and equally spaced. Several battery cells are correspondingly installed within the finned tube to form a battery pack. The centers of the battery cell, the finned tube, and the second fins are aligned on the same axis. The phase change material is honeycomb-shaped, composed of several closely arranged hexagonal prisms, each hexagonal prism having a vertical slot. The finned tube is placed within the vertical slot. Both the upper and lower ends of the phase change material are sealed with honeycomb-shaped heat spreaders, and the other side of the heat spreaders is covered with first fins, with adjacent first fins being parallel and equally spaced. The finned tube is hollow inside, and the upper and lower ends of the battery cell installed inside the finned tube are covered by a heat spreader, so that the heat of the battery cell electrode can be transferred to the heat spreader. The heat generated by the battery cell is conducted to the second fin through the finned tube attached to its surface. The second fin transfers the heat to the phase change material. After absorbing the heat, the phase change material outputs the heat to the heat spreaders at the top and bottom ends. Finally, the heat is dissipated to the outside of the system by the first fin laid flat on the heat spreader. The heat generated by the upper and lower terminals of the battery cell is dissipated to the heat spreader. The subsystem has a honeycomb structure. The thermal management system is composed of several subsystems spliced ​​together in a plane. Adjacent subsystems are spliced ​​together by fixed angles at the honeycomb corners. The left and right adjacent subsystems are spliced ​​together vertically and vertically, and the top and bottom adjacent subsystems are spliced ​​together in parallel. The subsystem is composed of several closely arranged hexagonal prisms, with trapezoidal edges at the top and bottom. The upper end is a trapezoidal edge that is concave towards the center, and the lower end is a trapezoidal edge that is convex outward. The subsystem is symmetrical from left to right, with triangular edges formed on both sides. When the subsystems are spliced ​​vertically, the convex trapezoidal edges are inserted into the concave trapezoidal edges to form a splice; when the subsystems are spliced ​​horizontally, the subsystems are staggered vertically, and the triangular edges are inserted into each other to form a splice, with the apex angle of the triangles being 120 degrees.

2. The thermal management system for coupling a phase change material heat exchanger and a copper high thermal conductivity material according to claim 1, characterized in that, The battery cell is in direct contact with the finned tube, the finned tube is in direct contact with the second fin, and the second fin is in direct contact with the phase change material.

3. The thermal management system for coupling a phase change material heat exchanger and a copper high thermal conductivity material according to claim 1, characterized in that, The battery cells are arranged in a staggered pattern.

4. The thermal management system for coupling a phase change material heat exchanger and a copper high thermal conductivity material according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first fin, the second fin, the heat spreader, and the finned tube are all made of copper.

5. The thermal management system for coupling a phase change material heat exchanger and a copper high thermal conductivity material according to claim 1, characterized in that, The phase change material is an insulating composite phase change material.

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