Tunneling synchronous bottom laying construction method, rear matching device and tunnel boring machine

Abstract

The application provides a tunnel excavation synchronous bottom laying construction method, a rear matching device and a tunnel boring machine. The rear matching device comprises a rear matching slag discharging device, further comprises a material distributing device arranged on the rear matching slag discharging device, further comprises a pushing device for pushing the slag soil flat and a tamping device for tamping the pushed flat slag soil to form a bottom cushion layer, and further comprises a spraying device for spraying a hardening material on the surface of the tamped slag soil to form a hardening layer with a thickness less than that of the bottom cushion layer. In the application, the bottom cushion layer is composed of only slag soil without mixing other materials, and the hardening layer consumes other materials, but the thickness is less than that of the bottom cushion layer, so the material consumption is small and the cost is low. Meanwhile, since the bottom cushion layer is entirely composed of slag soil, the slag soil can be directly pushed flat and tamped after being distributed to the bottom of the tunnel without waiting, and the hardening layer is thin and formed by spraying, so it can be quickly solidified, and the efficiency of the bottom laying construction can be improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a method for simultaneous bottom laying construction during tunnel excavation, supporting equipment, and a tunnel boring machine, belonging to the field of tunnel excavation technology. Background Technology

[0002] A full-face tunneling machine (MTM) is a large-scale tunneling equipment integrating hydraulic, control, and electromechanical technologies, widely used in the construction of various tunnels in hard rock geology. The tunnel excavation cross-section is generally circular. After the excavation cross-section is formed, it is necessary to lay the bottom layer or assemble invert blocks at the bottom of the circular tunnel to facilitate the movement of various vehicles or the transportation of tunnel excavation materials. Conventional tunnel bottom laying typically involves mixing the excavated soil with cement and other materials using appropriate mixing equipment after the tunnel cross-section is formed, creating a flowable material for the tunnel bottom. The mixing equipment is usually located on the ground or at the starting point of tunnel excavation. This bottom laying process suffers from problems such as long-distance pumping, long piping distances, and high time and labor consumption.

[0003] In response, Chinese invention patent application CN113236279A discloses a tunnel boring machine with synchronous backfilling function. The tunnel boring machine includes a main unit and a rear support unit. The rear support unit includes a muck discharge device and a material distribution device installed on the muck discharge device. The material distribution device is used to divert and discharge part of the muck or stone debris. Downstream of the material distribution device, a mixing device is set up to mix the muck or stone debris with other raw materials to form backfill material. Downstream of the mixing device, a feeding device is set up to transport the backfill material to the backfilling area. Then, a compaction device is used to compact the backfill material to the required strength.

[0004] The aforementioned tunnel boring machine can simultaneously carry out tunnel excavation and backfilling operations. Some of the excavated slag or rock debris is diverted and discharged through a material distribution device, and directly mixed with other raw materials by a mixing device inside the tunnel to form backfill material. The resulting backfill material is then directly transported to the backfilling area, avoiding problems such as long pipeline distances, time consumption, and labor costs associated with long-distance pumping.

[0005] However, since the backfill material used for the paving is entirely made from excavated soil and other raw materials, and the paving requires a certain thickness to meet traffic needs, the amount of excavated soil and other raw materials (such as cement) consumed is relatively large. While the excavated soil is self-sufficient and cost is not a concern, the cost of cement and other raw materials is relatively high, resulting in a high overall backfill cost. Furthermore, because the prepared backfill material is in slurry form, it needs to be left to stand for 24 hours after being transported to the backfill area to solidify before it can be compacted to the required strength. This long waiting time affects the efficiency of the paving construction. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to provide a method for synchronous backfilling construction during tunnel excavation, so as to solve the problems in the prior art where the backfill material used for backfilling is made entirely from excavated soil and other raw materials, resulting in high consumption of other raw materials, high backfilling costs, and low construction efficiency. The purpose of this invention is also to provide a supporting equipment for a tunnel boring machine and a tunnel boring machine, respectively, to solve the above problems.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the tunnel excavation synchronous paving construction method of the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0008] The synchronous bottom-laying construction method for tunnel excavation involves directly separating a portion of the excavated and transported excavated soil to the bottom of the tunnel, then leveling and compacting this portion of soil to form a bottom layer of a certain thickness. Finally, a hardening material is sprayed onto the compacted soil surface to form a hardened layer with a thickness less than that of the bottom layer, thus completing the synchronous bottom-laying construction for tunnel excavation.

[0009] The beneficial effects of the above technical solution are as follows: This invention proposes a pioneering method for simultaneous bottom paving construction during tunnel excavation. First, a portion of the excavated and transported excavated soil is directly transferred to the bottom of the tunnel to obtain the raw material for the bottom paving. This portion of excavated soil is then leveled and compacted to form a base layer of a certain thickness. This base layer is composed entirely of excavated soil without any other materials. Then, a hardening material is sprayed onto the compacted excavated soil surface to form a hardened layer with a thickness less than that of the base layer. Although the hardened layer consumes other materials, its thickness is less than that of the base layer, resulting in lower material consumption and lower costs. Furthermore, since the base layer is entirely composed of excavated soil, it can be directly leveled and compacted after being transferred to the tunnel bottom without waiting. The hardened layer is thin and formed directly by spraying, allowing for rapid curing, thus greatly improving the efficiency of the bottom paving construction.

[0010] To achieve the above objectives, the following technical solution is adopted for the auxiliary equipment of the tunnel boring machine in this invention:

[0011] The rear-mounted equipment for a tunnel boring machine includes a rear-mounted muck discharge device, a material distribution device for separating some of the muck from the rear-mounted muck discharge device to the bottom of the tunnel, a leveling device for leveling the muck separated to the bottom of the tunnel, a compaction device for compacting the leveled muck to form a subbase, and a spraying device for spraying a hardening material onto the surface of the compacted muck to form a hardened layer with a thickness less than that of the subbase. The compaction device and the spraying device are sequentially arranged behind the leveling device.

[0012] The beneficial effects of the above technical solution are as follows: This invention improves the supporting equipment of existing tunnel boring machines by setting up a material distribution device to separate some of the excavated soil from the excavation device to the bottom of the tunnel, thus obtaining the raw material for the foundation paving. The supporting equipment also includes a leveling device and a compaction device and a spraying device arranged sequentially behind the leveling device. The leveling device can level the excavated soil separated to the bottom of the tunnel, and the compaction device can compact the leveled excavated soil to form a foundation layer. The foundation layer is composed entirely of excavated soil without any other materials. The spraying device can spray a hardening material onto the surface of the compacted excavated soil to form a hardened layer with a thickness less than that of the foundation layer. Although the hardened layer consumes other materials, the material consumption is relatively low and the cost is relatively low because its thickness is less than that of the foundation layer. At the same time, since the foundation layer is entirely composed of excavated soil, the excavated soil can be directly leveled and compacted after being separated to the bottom of the tunnel without waiting. The hardened layer is thin and directly formed by spraying, so it can solidify quickly, thus greatly improving the efficiency of foundation paving construction.

[0013] Furthermore, the rear supporting equipment includes a rear supporting trailer, and the leveling device includes a leveling frame mounted on the rear supporting trailer via a first upper and lower telescopic mechanism, a telescopic leveling mechanism mounted on the leveling frame, and a push plate mounted at the end of the telescopic leveling mechanism.

[0014] The beneficial effects of the above technical solution are as follows: the vertical height of the pusher plate can be changed through the first vertical telescopic mechanism to control the thickness of the paving, and the telescopic pushing and leveling mechanism facilitates the pushing and leveling operation of the slag by the pusher plate.

[0015] Furthermore, a telescopic adjustment mechanism for adjusting the angle of the telescopic pushing mechanism is connected between the telescopic pushing mechanism and the pushing frame.

[0016] The beneficial effects of the above technical solution are that by adjusting the angle of the telescopic pushing mechanism, it can adapt to various working conditions such as horizontal tunneling, uphill tunneling and downhill tunneling, making it more adaptable.

[0017] Furthermore, the compaction device includes a compaction trolley, a second vertical telescopic mechanism is installed at the front end of the compaction trolley, and a compaction block is installed at the lower end of the second vertical telescopic mechanism.

[0018] The advantages of the above technical solution are: the compaction trolley is easy to move and can cover most of the compaction area at the bottom; the second vertical telescopic mechanism can drive the compaction block to move up and down, which facilitates the compaction operation.

[0019] Furthermore, the compaction device also includes a manual hand-held compactor, which is used to compact the excavated soil in corners that cannot be covered by the compaction trolley.

[0020] The beneficial effect of the above technical solution is that it ensures the scope of compaction.

[0021] Further, a crushing device is provided at the transfer position of the mucking device of the back-up system that is configured to cooperate with the mucking device of the main machine.

[0022] The beneficial effect of the above technical solution lies in that the crushing device can crush large muck blocks, facilitate subsequent compaction operations, and improve construction efficiency.

[0023] Further, a dewatering device is provided at the transfer position of the mucking device of the back-up system that is configured to cooperate with the mucking device of the main machine.

[0024] The beneficial effect of the above technical solution lies in that the dewatering device can reduce the moisture in muck with high water content, facilitate subsequent compaction operations, and improve construction efficiency.

[0025] Further, the material distributing device includes a muck raking mechanism arranged at the side of the mucking device of the back-up system and a muck leaking structure matched with the muck raking mechanism. The muck raking mechanism is used for raking out part of the muck, and the muck leaking structure is used for receiving the muck raked out by the muck raking mechanism and guiding the muck to the tunnel bottom.

[0026] The beneficial effect of the above technical solution lies in that the material distributing device has a simple structure and is convenient to use.

[0027] To achieve the above objectives, the tunnel boring machine according to the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0028] A tunnel boring machine includes a main machine and back-up equipment. The main machine includes a main machine mucking device, the back-up equipment includes a back-up system mucking device, the back-up equipment further includes a material distributing device for distributing part of the muck on the back-up system mucking device to the tunnel bottom, the back-up equipment further includes a leveling device for leveling the muck distributed to the tunnel bottom and a compaction device for compacting the leveled muck to form a bedding layer, and the back-up equipment further includes a spraying device for spraying a hardening material on the surface of the compacted muck to form a hardened layer with a thickness smaller than that of the bedding layer. The compaction device and the spraying device are sequentially arranged at the rear side of the leveling device.

[0029] The beneficial effects of the above technical solution are as follows: This invention improves upon existing tunnel boring machines by incorporating a material distribution device that separates a portion of the excavated soil from the downstream muck removal device to the bottom of the tunnel, thus obtaining the raw material for the foundation paving. The downstream equipment also includes a leveling device and, sequentially, a compaction device and a spraying device located behind the leveling device. The leveling device can level the excavated soil separated to the bottom of the tunnel, while the compaction device can compact the leveled soil to form a foundation layer. This foundation layer is composed entirely of excavated soil without any other materials. The spraying device can spray a hardening material onto the compacted soil surface to form a hardened layer with a thickness less than that of the foundation layer. Although the hardened layer consumes other materials, its thickness is less than that of the foundation layer, resulting in lower material consumption and lower costs. Furthermore, since the foundation layer is entirely composed of excavated soil, it can be directly leveled and compacted after being distributed to the bottom of the tunnel without waiting. The hardened layer is thin and formed directly by spraying, allowing for rapid curing, thus significantly improving the efficiency of foundation paving construction.

[0030] Furthermore, the rear supporting equipment includes a rear supporting trailer, and the leveling device includes a leveling frame mounted on the rear supporting trailer via a first upper and lower telescopic mechanism, a telescopic leveling mechanism mounted on the leveling frame, and a push plate mounted at the end of the telescopic leveling mechanism.

[0031] The beneficial effects of the above technical solution are as follows: the vertical height of the pusher plate can be changed through the first vertical telescopic mechanism to control the thickness of the paving, and the telescopic pushing and leveling mechanism facilitates the pushing and leveling operation of the slag by the pusher plate.

[0032] Furthermore, a telescopic adjustment mechanism for adjusting the angle of the telescopic pushing mechanism is connected between the telescopic pushing mechanism and the pushing frame.

[0033] The beneficial effects of the above technical solution are that by adjusting the angle of the telescopic pushing mechanism, it can adapt to various working conditions such as horizontal tunneling, uphill tunneling and downhill tunneling, making it more adaptable.

[0034] Furthermore, the compaction device includes a compaction trolley, a second vertical telescopic mechanism is installed at the front end of the compaction trolley, and a compaction block is installed at the lower end of the second vertical telescopic mechanism.

[0035] The advantages of the above technical solution are: the compaction trolley is easy to move and can cover most of the compaction area at the bottom; the second vertical telescopic mechanism can drive the compaction block to move up and down, which facilitates the compaction operation.

[0036] Furthermore, the compaction device also includes a manual hand-held compactor, which is used to compact the excavated soil in corners that cannot be covered by the compaction trolley.

[0037] The beneficial effect of the above technical solution is that it ensures the scope of compaction.

[0038] Further, a crushing device is arranged at the transfer position of the rear matching mucking device that is configured to cooperate with the main machine mucking device.

[0039] The beneficial effect of the above technical solution lies in that the crushing device can crush large muck blocks, facilitate the subsequent compaction operation, and improve the construction efficiency.

[0040] Further, a dewatering device is arranged at the transfer position of the rear matching mucking device that is configured to cooperate with the main machine mucking device.

[0041] The beneficial effect of the above technical solution lies in that the dewatering device can reduce the moisture in the muck with high water content, facilitate the subsequent compaction operation, and improve the construction efficiency.

[0042] Further, the material distributing device comprises a muck raking mechanism arranged at the side of the rear matching mucking device and a muck leaking structure matched with the muck raking mechanism, wherein the muck raking mechanism is used for raking out part of muck, and the muck leaking structure is used for receiving the muck raked out by the muck raking mechanism and guiding the muck to the tunnel bottom.

[0043] The beneficial effect of the above technical solution lies in that the material distributing device has a simple structure and is convenient to use. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0044] Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the main machine of the tunnel boring machine according to the present invention;

[0045] Figure 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the rear matching equipment of the tunnel boring machine according to the present invention;

[0046] Figure 3 is Figure 2 a side view of the material distributing device;

[0047] Figure 4 is Figure 2 a side view of the leveling device;

[0048] Figure 5 is Figure 2 a schematic structural diagram of the leveling device (for horizontal boring);

[0049] Figure 6 is Figure 2 a schematic structural diagram of the leveling device (for uphill boring);

[0050] Figure 7 is Figure 2 a schematic structural diagram of the leveling device (for downhill boring).

[0051] In the diagram: 1. Cutter head system; 2. Main unit slag discharge device; 3. Rear auxiliary slag discharge device; 4. Crushing and draining device; 5. Manual hand-held compactor; 6. Spraying device; 7. Mixing device; 8. Transport vehicle; 9. Leveling device; 9-1. Leveling frame; 9-2. First vertical telescopic mechanism; 9-3. Push plate; 9-4. Telescopic leveling mechanism; 9-5. Telescopic adjustment mechanism; 10. Compactor trolley; 10-1. Second vertical telescopic mechanism; 10-2. Compactor block; 11. Rear auxiliary trailer; 12. Material distribution device; 12-1. Support structure; 12-2. Slag removal mechanism; 12-3. Slag leakage structure. Detailed Implementation

[0052] The features and performance of the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to embodiments.

[0053] Embodiment 1 of the tunnel boring machine in this invention:

[0054] This embodiment improves upon existing tunnel boring machines by adding a material distribution device, a leveling device, a compaction device, and a spraying device as supporting equipment. The material distribution device can separate a portion of the excavated soil to the bottom of the tunnel. The leveling device can level the soil that has been separated to the bottom of the tunnel. The compaction device can compact the leveled soil to form a subbase. The spraying device can spray concrete onto the compacted soil surface to form a concrete layer with a thickness less than that of the subbase, thereby reducing the amount of cement and other materials consumed in the concrete layer, saving costs, and improving the efficiency of the subbase construction.

[0055] Specifically, such as Figure 1 As shown, the tunnel boring machine includes a main unit and supporting equipment. The main unit includes a cutterhead system 1 and a main unit muck removal device 2. The cutterhead system 1 is responsible for excavation, and the main unit muck removal device 2 is a belt conveyor used to transport the excavated soil from the cutterhead system 1.

[0056] like Figure 2 As shown, the supporting equipment includes a rear slag discharge device 3, a crushing and dewatering device 4, a leveling device 9, a compaction device, a spraying device 6, a mixing device 7, a transport vehicle 8, a rear trailer 11, and electromechanical and hydraulic control equipment, operating equipment, and execution equipment. The rear slag discharge device 3 is mounted on the rear trailer 11 and is specifically a belt conveyor, used to transfer the slag conveyed by the main slag discharge device 2 to the transport vehicle 8, and then transport it out of the tunnel.

[0057] The supporting equipment also includes a material distribution device 12 installed on the supporting trailer 11 and used to separate some of the excavated soil from the supporting muck discharge device 3 to the bottom of the tunnel, such as... Figure 3As shown, the material distributing device 12 includes a support structure 12-1 fixed on the back-up trailer 11, a slag raking mechanism 12-2 mounted on the support structure 12-1, and a slag leaking structure 12-3 fixed on the back-up trailer 11 and matched with the slag raking mechanism 12-2. The slag raking mechanism 12-2 is arranged at a certain angle to the support structure 12-1, the slag raking mechanism 12-2 is located at the side of the back-up slag discharging device 3, and consists of a bucket, a luffing oil cylinder, a telescopic device, and a telescopic oil cylinder. The luffing oil cylinder is used to control the up and down angle of the bucket, the telescopic device is used to control the overall extension and retraction of the bucket, the telescopic oil cylinder is used to control the slag raking action of the bucket, and the entire slag raking process can be remotely controlled. The slag leaking structure 12-3 is used to receive the muck raked out by the slag raking mechanism 12-2 and guide the muck to the tunnel bottom. The slag leaking structure 12-3 is specifically a cylindrical structure, and includes two vertical sections and an inclined section connected between the two vertical sections. The inclined section functions to slide the muck, guiding the muck to a proper position for tunnel bottom paving.

[0058] As Figure 2 shown, the leveling device 9 is located at the rear side of the material distributing device 12, and is used for leveling the muck distributed to the tunnel bottom. As Figure 4 , Figure 5 , Figure 6 and Figure 7 shown, the leveling device 9 includes a leveling frame 9-1 mounted on the back-up trailer 11 via a first up-down telescopic mechanism 9-2, a telescopic leveling mechanism 9-4 mounted on the leveling frame 9-1, and a push plate 9-3 mounted at the end of the telescopic leveling mechanism 9-4. The up-down height of the push plate 9-3 can be changed through the first up-down telescopic mechanism 9-2 to control the leveling height, and further control the paving thickness. Meanwhile, the telescopic action of the telescopic leveling mechanism 9-4 facilitates the leveling operation of the push plate 9-3 on the muck. A telescopic adjustment mechanism 9-5 for adjusting the angle of the telescopic leveling mechanism 9-4 is connected between the telescopic leveling mechanism 9-4 and the leveling frame 9-1. By adjusting the angle of the telescopic leveling mechanism 9-4, it can adapt to horizontal tunneling ( Figure 5 shown), uphill tunneling ( Figure 6 shown) and downhill tunneling ( Figure 7 shown) and other working conditions, with stronger adaptability.

[0059] The compaction device and the spraying device 6 are sequentially arranged at the rear side of the leveling device 9. The compaction device is used to compact the leveled muck to form a bedding layer. As Figure 2As shown, the thickness of the subbase is H, and the subbase is composed entirely of slag and soil, without any other materials. Further, the compaction device includes a compaction trolley 10, with a second vertical telescopic mechanism 10-1 installed at the front end of the trolley 10. A compaction block 10-2 is installed at the lower end of the second vertical telescopic mechanism 10-1. The compaction trolley 10 is easy to move and can cover most of the compacted area at the bottom. The aforementioned second vertical telescopic mechanism 10-1, first vertical telescopic mechanism 9-2, telescopic pushing mechanism 9-4, and telescopic adjustment mechanism 9-5 are all hydraulic cylinders, which can be connected and controlled using the original hydraulic system of the tunnel boring machine. Figure 2 As shown, the compaction device also includes a manual hand-held compactor 5, which is used to compact the slag in corners that cannot be covered by the compaction trolley 10. The combination of the manual hand-held compactor 5 and the compaction trolley 10 can ensure the compaction area.

[0060] In addition, such as Figure 1 As shown, a crushing and draining device 4 is provided at the junction of the rear slag discharge device 3 and the main slag discharge device 2. The crushing and draining device 4 includes a crushing device and a draining device. The crushing device can crush large pieces of slag and soil, and the draining device can reduce the moisture in slag and soil with high water content. On the one hand, it facilitates efficient slag discharge, and on the other hand, it facilitates subsequent compaction operations and improves construction efficiency.

[0061] like Figure 2 As shown, the spraying device 6 and the mixing device 7 are respectively mounted on the rear-mounted trailer 11. Since the material distribution device 12 is mounted on the rear-mounted trailer 11, the spraying device 6 and the mixing device 7 are located on the last rear-mounted trailer 11. This rearward placement facilitates arrangement and does not affect the arrangement and normal operation of the various equipment in front. The spraying device 6 is used to spray a hardening material onto the compacted excavated soil surface to form a hardened layer. In this embodiment, the hardening material is concrete. Therefore, the mixing device 7 generates concrete and provides it to the spraying device 6. The thickness of the hardened layer formed by the spraying device 6 is less than the thickness of the subbase layer, and the thickness of the hardened layer is h, where h < H / 2. Since the subbase layer is entirely composed of excavated soil, specifically soil excavated by the tunnel boring machine, it is self-sufficient with minimal material costs. While the hardened layer consumes other materials, its thickness is less than that of the subbase layer, resulting in lower material consumption and lower costs. Furthermore, the excavated soil forming the subbase can be directly leveled and compacted after being distributed to the bottom of the tunnel without waiting. The hardened layer is thin and is formed directly by spraying, so it can solidify quickly, which can greatly improve the efficiency of the subbase construction.

[0062] An embodiment of the tunnel excavation synchronous paving construction method of the present invention is as follows:

[0063] The construction method relies on the aforementioned tunnel boring machine. Specifically, it involves directly separating a portion of the excavated and transported excavated soil to the bottom of the tunnel, then leveling and compacting this portion of soil to form a base layer of a certain thickness. Finally, hardening materials, such as concrete or cement, are sprayed onto the compacted soil surface to form a hardened layer with a thickness less than that of the base layer, thus completing the synchronous paving construction for tunnel excavation.

[0064] The subbase is composed entirely of excavated soil without any other materials. While the hardening layer requires other materials, its thickness is less than that of the subbase, resulting in lower material consumption and lower costs. Furthermore, because the subbase is entirely composed of excavated soil, it can be directly leveled and compacted after being distributed to the tunnel bottom without waiting. The hardening layer, being thin and formed directly by spraying, hardens quickly, significantly improving the efficiency of the subbase construction.

[0065] In other embodiments of the tunnel boring machine: the material distribution device can also be a plow-type unloader, in which case the material distribution device is set on the rear-mounted muck discharge device, such as the material distribution device disclosed in CN113236279A. In other embodiments, the material distribution device can also be a vacuum suction device, which distributes material by suction.

[0066] In other embodiments of the tunnel boring machine: at the junction of the rear muck discharge device and the main muck discharge device, only a drainage device or only a crushing device may be installed, or of course, nothing may be installed.

[0067] In other embodiments of the tunnel boring machine: the compaction device may include only a compaction trolley and not a manually operated compactor; alternatively, the compaction device may include only a manually operated compactor and not a compaction trolley. In other embodiments, the compaction device may also be mounted on a rear-mounted trailer, for example, including an upper and lower telescopic mechanism connected to the rear-mounted trailer and a compaction block connected to the lower end of the upper and lower telescopic mechanism.

[0068] In other embodiments of the tunnel boring machine: the telescopic pushing mechanism and the pushing frame may no longer be connected by a telescopic adjustment mechanism, in which case the angle of the telescopic pushing mechanism is not adjustable.

[0069] In other embodiments of the tunnel boring machine: the leveling frame in the leveling device can be directly and fixedly connected to the rear trailer, without including the first vertical telescopic mechanism. In this case, the vertical height of the push plate is not adjustable, that is, the thickness of the paving cannot be changed.

[0070] In other embodiments of the tunnel boring machine: the second vertical telescopic mechanism, the first vertical telescopic mechanism, the telescopic pushing mechanism, and the telescopic adjustment mechanism can all be cylinders or electric push rods.

[0071] In other embodiments of the tunnel boring machine: the thickness h of the hardened layer can also be smaller, for example, h < H / 3. In other embodiments of the tunnel boring machine: cement can be used as the hardening material.

[0072] In other embodiments of the tunnel boring machine: the material distribution device can also be arranged in front, provided that it does not affect the layout and normal operation of the downstream equipment, but it should at least be arranged on the downstream equipment.

[0073] The embodiment of the rear-supporting equipment of the tunnel boring machine in this invention is as follows: the specific structure of the rear-supporting equipment of the tunnel boring machine is the same as that of the rear-supporting equipment in any of the above embodiments of the tunnel boring machine, and will not be repeated here.

[0074] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. The scope of patent protection of the present invention shall be determined by the claims. Similarly, any equivalent structural changes made based on the description and drawings of the present invention shall also be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for simultaneous bottom laying during tunnel excavation, characterized in that, The excavated soil from the cutterhead system is conveyed to the rear via the rear-mounted muck discharge device. A portion of this soil is directly separated by the material distribution device and placed below the rear-mounted trailer at the bottom of the tunnel. This portion of soil is then leveled by a leveling device and compacted by a tamping device to form a base layer of a certain thickness, consisting purely of excavated soil without any other materials. A hardening material is then sprayed onto the surface of the base layer by a spraying device to form a hardened layer with a thickness less than that of the base layer. This allows for simultaneous paving construction during tunnel excavation. The tamping device and the spraying device are sequentially located behind the leveling device.

2. The auxiliary equipment for a tunnel boring machine, comprising a rear-mounted muck removal device (3), characterized in that, The supporting equipment also includes a material distribution device (12) for directly distributing a portion of the slag conveyed from the rear supporting slag discharge device (3) to the bottom of the tunnel below the rear supporting trailer. The supporting equipment also includes a leveling device (9) for leveling the slag distributed to the bottom of the tunnel and a compaction device for compacting the leveled slag to form a base layer of a certain thickness made of slag without any other materials. The supporting equipment also includes a spraying device (6) for spraying hardening material on the surface of the base layer to form a hardened layer with a thickness less than that of the base layer. The compaction device and the spraying device (6) are arranged sequentially on the rear side of the leveling device (9).

3. The auxiliary equipment for the tunnel boring machine according to claim 2, characterized in that, The rear supporting equipment includes a rear supporting trailer (11), and the leveling device (9) includes a leveling frame (9-1) installed on the rear supporting trailer (11) via a first upper and lower telescopic mechanism (9-2), a telescopic leveling mechanism (9-4) installed on the leveling frame (9-1), and a push plate (9-3) installed at the end of the telescopic leveling mechanism (9-4).

4. The auxiliary equipment for the tunnel boring machine according to claim 3, characterized in that, A telescopic adjustment mechanism (9-5) for adjusting the angle of the telescopic pushing mechanism (9-4) is connected between the telescopic pushing mechanism (9-4) and the pushing frame (9-1).

5. The auxiliary equipment for the tunnel boring machine according to any one of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that, The compaction device includes a compaction trolley (10), a second vertical telescopic mechanism (10-1) is installed at the front end of the compaction trolley (10), and a compaction block (10-2) is installed at the lower end of the second vertical telescopic mechanism (10-1).

6. The auxiliary equipment for the tunnel boring machine according to claim 5, characterized in that, The compaction device also includes a manual hand-held compactor (5), which is used to compact the slag in corners that cannot be covered by the compaction trolley (10).

7. The auxiliary equipment for the tunnel boring machine according to any one of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that, A crushing device is provided at the transition position of the slag discharge device (3) to cooperate with the slag discharge device (2) of the main unit.

8. The auxiliary equipment for the tunnel boring machine according to any one of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that, A draining device is provided at the transition position of the slag discharge device (3) to cooperate with the slag discharge device (2) of the main unit.

9. The auxiliary equipment for the tunnel boring machine according to any one of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that, The material distribution device (12) includes a slag removal mechanism (12-2) installed next to the rear slag discharge device (3) and a slag leakage structure (12-3) matched with the slag removal mechanism (12-2). The slag removal mechanism (12-2) is used to remove part of the slag, and the slag leakage structure (12-3) is used to receive the slag removed by the slag removal mechanism (12-2) and guide the slag to the bottom of the tunnel.

10. A tunnel boring machine, comprising a main unit and supporting equipment, the main unit including a main unit muck removal device (2), characterized in that, The supporting equipment includes a rear slag discharge device (3), a material distribution device (12) for directly distributing a portion of the slag conveyed backward from the rear slag discharge device (3) to the bottom of the rear trailer and the tunnel, a leveling device (9) for leveling the slag distributed to the bottom of the tunnel, a compaction device for compacting the leveled slag to form a base layer of a certain thickness made of slag without any other materials, and a spraying device (6) for spraying hardening material on the surface of the base layer to form a hardened layer with a thickness less than that of the base layer. The compaction device and the spraying device (6) are arranged sequentially on the rear side of the leveling device (9).

11. The tunnel boring machine according to claim 10, characterized in that, The rear supporting equipment includes a rear supporting trailer (11), and the leveling device (9) includes a leveling frame (9-1) installed on the rear supporting trailer (11) via a first upper and lower telescopic mechanism (9-2), a telescopic leveling mechanism (9-4) installed on the leveling frame (9-1), and a push plate (9-3) installed at the end of the telescopic leveling mechanism (9-4).

12. The tunnel boring machine according to claim 11, characterized in that, A telescopic adjustment mechanism (9-5) for adjusting the angle of the telescopic pushing mechanism (9-4) is connected between the telescopic pushing mechanism (9-4) and the pushing frame (9-1).

13. The tunnel boring machine according to any one of claims 10 to 12, characterized in that, The compaction device includes a compaction trolley (10), a second vertical telescopic mechanism (10-1) is installed at the front end of the compaction trolley (10), and a compaction block (10-2) is installed at the lower end of the second vertical telescopic mechanism (10-1).

14. The tunnel boring machine according to claim 13, characterized in that, The compaction device also includes a manual hand-held compactor (5), which is used to compact the slag in corners that cannot be covered by the compaction trolley (10).

15. The tunnel boring machine according to any one of claims 10 to 12, characterized in that, A crushing device is provided at the transition position of the slag discharge device (3) to cooperate with the slag discharge device (2) of the main unit.

16. The tunnel boring machine according to any one of claims 10 to 12, characterized in that, A draining device is provided at the transition position of the slag discharge device (3) to cooperate with the slag discharge device (2) of the main unit.

17. The tunnel boring machine according to any one of claims 10 to 12, characterized in that, The material distribution device (12) includes a slag removal mechanism (12-2) installed next to the rear slag discharge device (3) and a slag leakage structure (12-3) matched with the slag removal mechanism (12-2). The slag removal mechanism (12-2) is used to remove part of the slag, and the slag leakage structure (12-3) is used to receive the slag removed by the slag removal mechanism (12-2) and guide the slag to the bottom of the tunnel.

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