Photovoltaic-hydrogen production and storage coupled fuel cell power generation system and construction method thereof

Abstract

The application provides a photovoltaic hydrogen production and storage coupling fuel cell power generation system and a construction method thereof. The system comprises a photovoltaic power generation module, a hydrogen production module, a hydrogen storage module and a power generation module. Electricity is generated by the photovoltaic power generation module on the abandoned mine, the generated electric energy is supplied to the hydrogen production module to produce hydrogen through the power transmission bus, the hydrogen is transported to the hydrogen storage module through the hydrogen transmission pipeline, and the hydrogen is led out to drive the power generation module to generate electricity and transmit to the power grid during the power consumption peak period. The hydrogen storage module is a mine hydrogen storage warehouse which is arranged in the abandoned mine and can realize large-scale and safe storage of hydrogen. The application can not only solve the problem of idle resources of the abandoned mine, but also utilize the energy storage characteristics of hydrogen and the flexible conversion relationship between electricity and hydrogen, so that the hydrogen energy storage can play a role in filling the valley in the power grid.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of new energy technology, and more specifically to a photovoltaic-hydrogen-storage coupled fuel cell power generation system and its construction method. Background Technology

[0002] my country is a major mineral resource country with a large number of mines that are either abandoned or about to be abandoned due to resource depletion. These mines are relatively widely distributed, especially in the northern plains where pumped-storage hydroelectric power generation is inconvenient. Utilizing abandoned mines for photovoltaic power generation can not only effectively address the economic and social problems following mine closures but also provide crucial support for grid stability and the healthy development of the mining area's ecological environment. However, photovoltaic power generation suffers from periodicity, randomness, and volatility. To maintain grid security and smooth power operation, excess or off-peak electricity can be used for water electrolysis to produce hydrogen. The hydrogen is then stored in sealed containers. During peak electricity demand, the hydrogen and oxygen are extracted separately to drive hydrogen fuel cells for power generation, improving the grid's supply capacity during peak periods. This model can convert intermittent and unstable renewable energy into chemical energy, forming an integrated electric-hydrogen energy system. By utilizing the energy storage characteristics of hydrogen and the flexible electricity-hydrogen conversion relationship, hydrogen energy storage can play a "valley filling" role in the grid.

[0003] Currently, hydrogen storage primarily relies on above-ground tank storage, which faces numerous limitations in large-scale storage and safe operation. Therefore, to better promote the development of the hydrogen energy industry, hydrogen storage can be achieved through abandoned mine shafts. Underground hydrogen storage not only improves the effective utilization rate of abandoned mine land resources and is of great significance for the transformation and upgrading of mineral resource-depleted cities, but also utilizes the vast underground space of abandoned mine shafts to achieve long-term, large-capacity hydrogen storage and release, while saving investment and operating costs, thus promoting the rapid development of my country's hydrogen energy industry. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To improve the utilization rate of abandoned mine resources and leverage the "peak shaving and valley filling" role of hydrogen energy storage in the power grid, this invention proposes a photovoltaic-hydrogen storage coupled fuel cell power generation system and its construction method. This system can not only solve the problem of effective utilization of abandoned mine land resources, but also achieve deep coupling and complementarity between hydrogen and electricity, thereby improving the overall energy utilization efficiency.

[0005] To achieve the above-mentioned technical objectives, this invention provides a photovoltaic-hydrogen production-storage coupled fuel cell power generation system. The system includes a photovoltaic power generation module, a hydrogen production module, a hydrogen storage module, and a power generation module. The photovoltaic power generation module and the hydrogen production module operate in series via a power transmission bus. The hydrogen production module, hydrogen storage module, and power generation module are connected via a hydrogen transmission pipeline. The photovoltaic power generation module consists of multiple photovoltaic panels connected in series and is installed on a restored abandoned mine using photovoltaic brackets. The hydrogen production module consists of multiple electrolyzers connected in series. The power supply terminal of the electrolyzer in the hydrogen production module is connected to the output terminal of the photovoltaic power generation module. The hydrogen output is delivered to the hydrogen storage module via a hydrogen pipeline. The hydrogen storage module is a mine-based hydrogen storage facility located inside an abandoned mine. From the outside in, it includes an initial support layer, a drainage structure, a seepage-proof concrete layer, a steel lining, and a sealing device. The sealing device is located at the entrance of the abandoned mine and is sealed to the open surface of the steel lining. An inlet and outlet channel is provided inside the sealing device. The hydrogen output of the mine-based hydrogen storage facility is connected to a hydrogen fuel cell via a hydrogen pipeline. The power generation module consists of a hydrogen fuel cell and an inverter. The hydrogen fuel cell uses hydrogen as fuel to convert hydrogen energy into electrical energy, and the inverter converts the direct current into alternating current and transmits it to the power grid.

[0006] The preferred technical solution of this invention is as follows: the mine hydrogen storage tank is a hydrogen storage tank with a double circular cross-section structure. The steel lining is a double-layer sandwich structure, including an outer steel lining, an inner steel lining, and UHPC concrete filling the space between the two steel linings. The outer steel lining includes an outer steel plate, an arched steel plate, and a bottom sealing steel plate. The inner steel lining is formed by welding the inner steel plates to form two cylindrical steel lining structures, creating two independent circular hydrogen storage cavities. An air barrier layer is provided on the inner wall of each inner steel lining. The sealing device is a frustum-shaped double-layer structure made of high-alloy stainless steel. The sealing device is welded to the steel lining and seals the openings of the two circular hydrogen storage cavities. At least two inlet and outlet gas channels are provided, each communicating with one of the two circular hydrogen storage cavities.

[0007] A preferred technical solution of the present invention is as follows: a reinforcement structure for a mine hydrogen storage tank is provided at the entrance of an abandoned mine shaft. The reinforcement structure includes a reinforcement plate and anchor bolts. The reinforcement plate is a reinforced concrete structure and is set at the entrance of the abandoned mine shaft. Its area is larger than the cross-sectional area of ​​the abandoned mine shaft. Multiple anchor bolts are arranged in a circular array around the axis of the reinforcement plate and anchored by anchors in the area where the reinforcement plate extends beyond the entrance of the abandoned mine shaft. The sealing device is set inside the reinforcement plate, and the air inlet and outlet channels pass through the reinforcement plate and extend out of the abandoned mine shaft.

[0008] The preferred technical solution of the present invention is as follows: the drainage structure is set between the initial support layer and the impermeable concrete layer. The drainage structure consists of annular drainage boards, longitudinal drainage boards and drainage pipes. The annular drainage boards are arranged in an array along the depth direction of the mine hydrogen storage tank. The longitudinal drainage boards are spaced apart along the annular drainage boards. The longitudinal drainage boards and the annular drainage boards are interconnected to form a grid-like drainage structure. The two ends of the annular drainage boards are respectively connected to the drainage pipes on both sides for drainage. The drainage structure is covered with geotextile.

[0009] The preferred technical solution of the present invention is as follows: the outer lining steel plate and the inner lining steel plate are sequentially welded to form a double ring structure, and the double ring structure, the arched steel plate and the sealing steel plate are welded to form a ring-shaped integrated structure; multiple supporting steel plates are provided between the outer lining steel plate and the inner lining steel plate, and the supporting steel plates divide the area between the outer lining steel plate and the inner lining steel plate into a grid shape, and the UHPC concrete is filled in the grid.

[0010] A preferred technical solution of the present invention is asphalt mortar buffer layer provided between the impermeable concrete layer and the steel lining layer. The asphalt mortar buffer layer is bonded to the outer surface of the outer steel lining layer by epoxy resin adhesive. The gas barrier layer is an olefin-based plastic polymer, bonded to the inner wall of the inner steel lining layer, and its thickness is 5-15mm.

[0011] The preferred technical solution of the present invention is as follows: the drainage board has a trapezoidal groove shape in cross section, with a width of 30-100mm, a thickness of 5-10mm, and a spacing of 200-500mm, and the drainage pipe has a diameter of 100-200mm.

[0012] The preferred technical solution of the present invention is as follows: the outer steel lining, the inner steel lining, and the supporting steel plate are all made of high alloy stainless steel plates with a thickness of 20-60mm; the weld joints of adjacent steel plates of the steel lining are provided with bevels, so that the bevels of the two steel plates fit together to form an approximate "X" shape, with the bevel angle on the side closer to the impermeable concrete layer structure being 40-50°, and the bevel angle on the opposite side closer to the air barrier layer being 20-30°.

[0013] The preferred technical solution of the present invention is as follows: the asphalt mortar buffer layer is made by mixing asphalt and mineral powder in a certain proportion, and its thickness is 10-50mm.

[0014] This invention provides a construction method for a photovoltaic-hydrogen storage coupled fuel cell power generation system, the specific construction steps of which are as follows:

[0015] S1. Photovoltaic panel layout; For the restoration and management of abandoned mines, areas with large elevation differences should be smoothed out by leveling and lowering; Photovoltaic panels are arranged on the mine surface using photovoltaic support frames, with the photovoltaic panels set at an angle to ensure that the photovoltaic panel array does not block each other;

[0016] S2. Set up a hydrogen production module; the hydrogen production module consists of multiple electrolyzers connected in series, and the DC power generated by the photovoltaic power generation module is transmitted to the electrolyzers for water electrolysis to produce hydrogen through the power transmission bus.

[0017] S3. Abandoned mine tunnel restoration: First, survey the surrounding rock conditions of the abandoned mine tunnel to identify unstable areas such as collapse, damage, and loose faults. Then, grouting is carried out to reinforce the weak areas of the abandoned mine tunnel to achieve smooth and stable mine tunnel walls.

[0018] S4. Initial support layer construction: Erect the initial support layer formwork, arrange drainage structures at designated locations and use geotextiles for isolation and filtration, and finally pour concrete and cure it.

[0019] S5. The steel lining of the hydrogen storage tank is welded and formed; an "X" shaped bevel is set at the welding point of two adjacent inner lining steel plates. The bevel and the area near the bevel are cleaned. Welding is carried out after the steel plates are preheated to the specified temperature. The outer steel lining, inner steel lining and supporting steel plate are assembled and welded. The formed steel lining is a double-layer sandwich structure. The inner steel lining forms two independent circular hydrogen storage cavities. The asphalt sand buffer layer is pasted on the outer surface of the steel lining with epoxy resin. An air barrier layer is applied to the inner wall of the two circular hydrogen storage cavities of the hydrogen storage tank to form a sealing layer.

[0020] S6. Sinking of the steel lining of the hydrogen storage facility; Sink the steel lining assembled in step S5 into the abandoned mine shaft, pour UHPC concrete into the space between the inner and outer layers of the steel lining and compact it.

[0021] S7. Construction of the anti-seepage concrete layer: A polyethylene plastic hose is used to send the concrete into the bottom of the mine through the annular space between the abandoned mine tunnel and the assembled steel lining. Finally, a truck pump is used to send the prepared anti-seepage concrete into the bottom of the tunnel through the polyethylene plastic hose. The polyethylene plastic hose is lifted while pouring the concrete until the concrete fills the entire annular space.

[0022] S8. Reinforcement structure construction; Weld sealing devices at the head of the hydrogen storage tank, then level the site, lay out the construction lines, locate the anchor bolt hole positions, use a drilling machine to drill the anchor bolt holes, then lower the anchor bolts to the design elevation, fill the entire hole with cement grout, finally construct the reinforcement plate and use anchors to anchor the anchor bolts to the reinforcement plate.

[0023] S9. Construction of the power generation module: Hydrogen is output through a hydrogen pipeline to drive a hydrogen fuel cell to generate electricity, and the DC power is converted into AC power by an inverter and transmitted to the power grid. This completes the construction of the photovoltaic-hydrogen storage coupled fuel cell power generation system.

[0024] The beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0025] (1) Photovoltaic power generation has seasonal and fluctuating characteristics, resulting in a certain degree of waste of renewable energy. This invention can use the waste electricity to electrolyze water to produce hydrogen, and extract hydrogen to drive hydrogen fuel cell power generation during peak electricity consumption periods, thereby realizing the efficient conversion between solar energy, hydrogen energy and electrical energy and improving the grid supply capacity.

[0026] (2) In this invention, the hydrogen storage facility is located in a mine, which can take advantage of the relatively stable environmental factors such as temperature and humidity in the mine to achieve safe storage. At the same time, the surrounding rock and soil can provide natural protection and improve the safety of the hydrogen storage facility structure.

[0027] (3) In this invention, the hydrogen storage tank structure is reinforced by a reinforcement structure, and the anchoring force of the reinforcement structure is increased by anchor bolts to prevent the sealing device of the hydrogen storage tank from being blown out during the circulation injection and extraction of hydrogen and causing a safety accident.

[0028] (4) In this invention, a drainage structure is used to quickly and efficiently drain water, preventing the external environment from corroding the hydrogen storage structure and affecting the durability of the hydrogen storage well.

[0029] (5) In this invention, a double-circular cross-section hydrogen storage tank structure is used for hydrogen storage. The double-circular cross-section structure can adjust the structural stress and prevent excessive stress at the arch top from causing the structure to collapse and deform. This structural form not only ensures the overall stability and safety of the mine hydrogen storage tank, but also reduces the engineering cost and construction difficulty, providing the possibility for large-scale hydrogen storage.

[0030] This invention involves remediating and treating abandoned mines, then installing photovoltaic power generation modules. These modules generate electricity, and surplus or off-peak electricity is used for water electrolysis to produce hydrogen. The hydrogen is then transported via pipeline to a hydrogen storage facility in the mine. During peak electricity demand periods, the hydrogen is extracted to power hydrogen fuel cells, ensuring grid supply capacity. This invention addresses the economic and social issues following mine closures, absorbs clean energy, mitigates intermittent fluctuations in photovoltaic power generation, and provides crucial support for grid stability and the healthy development of wind and solar power. Attached Figure Description

[0031] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure in this invention;

[0032] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the abandoned mine restoration in this invention;

[0033] Figure 3 This is a front view of the mine-hole hydrogen storage tank in this invention;

[0034] Figure 4 This is a side view of the mine hydrogen storage tank in this invention;

[0035] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the steel lining in this invention;

[0036] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the sealing device in this invention;

[0037] Figure 7 This is a front view of the drainage structure in this invention;

[0038] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the drainage structure in this invention.

[0039] In the diagram: 1—Abandoned mine, 1-1—Restored mine, 2—Photovoltaic panel, 3—Photovoltaic support, 4—Transmission busbar, 5—Electrolyzer, 6—Hydrogen pipeline, 7—Mine hydrogen storage, 8—Fuel cell, 9—Power grid, 10—Initial support layer, 11—Geotextile layer, 12—Longitudinal drainage board, 13—Asphalt mortar buffer layer, 14—Imperible concrete layer, 15—UHPC concrete, 16—Gas barrier layer, 17—Steel lining, 17-1—Arch steel plate, 17-2—Bottom steel plate, 17-3—Outer lining steel plate, 17-4—Inner lining steel plate, 18—Supporting steel plate, 19—Drainage structure, 20—Drainage pipe, 21—Annular drainage board, 22—Anchor bolt, 23—Reinforcement plate, 24—Anchor, 25—Sealing device, 26—Inlet and outlet air passage, 27—Inverter, 28—Abandoned mine shaft. Detailed Implementation

[0040] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. Figures 1 to 8 All accompanying drawings are simplified versions of embodiments and are intended only to clearly and concisely illustrate the embodiments of the present invention. The technical solutions shown in the drawings below are specific solutions of embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the claimed invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0041] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "upper," "lower," "inner," "outer," "left," "right," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, or the orientation or positional relationship commonly used when the product of this invention is in use, or the orientation or positional relationship commonly understood by those skilled in the art. They are only used to facilitate the description of this invention and to simplify the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention.

[0042] Example 1 provides a photovoltaic-hydrogen storage coupled fuel cell power generation system, such as... Figures 1 to 8As shown, the photovoltaic-hydrogen production-storage coupled fuel cell power generation system includes a photovoltaic power generation module, a hydrogen production module, a hydrogen storage module, and a power generation module. The photovoltaic power generation module and the hydrogen production module operate in series via a power transmission bus 4. The hydrogen production module, hydrogen storage module, and power generation module are connected via a hydrogen transmission pipeline 6. The photovoltaic power generation module consists of multiple photovoltaic panels 2 connected in series and installed on the restored abandoned mine 1-1 via a photovoltaic bracket 3. The hydrogen production module consists of multiple electrolyzers 5 connected in series. The power supply end of the electrolyzer 5 of the hydrogen production module is connected to the output end of the photovoltaic power generation module, and the hydrogen output end of the hydrogen production module is transported to the hydrogen storage module via the hydrogen transmission pipeline 6. The hydrogen storage module is a mine hydrogen storage tank 7. The output end of the hydrogen storage module is connected to the hydrogen fuel cell 8 via the hydrogen transmission pipeline 6. The power generation module consists of a hydrogen fuel cell 8 and an inverter 27. The hydrogen fuel cell uses hydrogen as fuel to convert hydrogen energy into electrical energy, and the inverter 27 converts the direct current into alternating current and transmits it to the power grid 9.

[0043] Example 1 provides a photovoltaic-hydrogen storage coupled fuel cell power generation system, such as... Figures 3 to 6 As shown, the mine hydrogen storage 7 is located within an abandoned mine shaft 28 and includes, from the outside in, an initial support layer 10, a geotextile layer 11, a drainage structure 19, an impermeable concrete layer 14, a steel lining layer 17, a gas barrier layer 16, a sealing device 25, and a reinforcement structure. A drainage structure 19 is provided between the initial support layer 10 and the impermeable concrete layer 14, and the geotextile layer 11 covers the surface of the drainage structure 19. The steel lining layer 17 is a double-layer sandwich structure, including an outer steel lining, an inner steel lining, and UHPC concrete 15 filled between the two steel linings. The outer steel lining includes an outer steel plate 17-3, an arched steel plate 17-1, and a bottom sealing steel plate 17-2. The inner steel lining is formed by welding inner steel plates 17-4 to form two cylindrical steel lining structures, creating two independent circular hydrogen storage cavities. A gas barrier layer 16 is provided on the inner wall of each inner steel lining. The asphalt mortar buffer layer 13 is provided within the impermeable concrete layer 28. Between the permeable concrete layer 14 and the steel lining layer 17, epoxy resin is used to adhere the outer surface of the outer steel lining layer 17. The sealing device 25 has a frustum-shaped double-layer structure and is made of high-alloy stainless steel. The sealing device 25 is welded to the inlet and outlet ends of the steel lining layer 17 and seals the openings of the two circular hydrogen storage chambers. The sealing device 25 has at least two inlet and outlet channels 26, which are respectively connected to the two circular hydrogen storage chambers. The reinforcement structure is set at the entrance of the abandoned mine shaft 28. The reinforcement structure includes a reinforcement plate 23 and anchor bolts 22. The reinforcement plate 23 is a reinforced concrete structure and is set at the entrance of the abandoned mine shaft 28. Its area is larger than the cross-sectional area of ​​the abandoned mine shaft 28. Multiple anchor bolts 22 are arranged in a circular array around the axis of the reinforcement plate 23 and anchored by anchors 24 in the area where the reinforcement plate extends beyond the entrance of the abandoned mine shaft 28.

[0044] Example 1 provides a photovoltaic-hydrogen storage coupled fuel cell power generation system, such as... Figure 5 As shown, the outer lining steel plate 17-3 and the inner lining steel plate 17-4 are sequentially welded together to form a double-ring structure. The double-ring structure, the arched steel plate 17-1, and the sealing steel plate 17-2 are welded together to form a ring-shaped integrated structure. Multiple supporting steel plates 18 are provided between the outer lining steel plate 17-3 and the inner lining steel plate 17-4. The supporting steel plates 18 divide the area between the outer lining steel plate 17-3 and the inner lining steel plate 17-4 into a grid shape, and the UHPC concrete 15 is filled in the grid. The outer steel lining, the inner steel lining, and the supporting steel plates 18 are made of high-alloy stainless steel with a thickness of 20-60mm. Bevels are provided at the weld joints of adjacent steel plates so that the bevels of the two steel plates fit together to form an approximately "X" shape. The bevel angle on the side near the structure of the impermeable concrete layer 14 is 40-50°, and the bevel angle on the opposite side near the air barrier layer 16 is 20-30°.

[0045] The embodiment provides a photovoltaic-hydrogen storage coupled fuel cell power generation system, such as Figure 5 As shown, the asphalt mortar buffer layer 13 is made by mixing asphalt and mineral powder in a certain proportion, and its thickness is 10-50mm; the air barrier layer 16 is an olefin plastic polymer, and its thickness is 5-15mm.

[0046] The embodiment provides a photovoltaic-hydrogen storage coupled fuel cell power generation system, such as Figures 7 to 8 As shown, the drainage structure 19 consists of annular drainage plates 21, longitudinal drainage plates 12, and drainage pipes 20. The annular drainage plates 21 are arranged in an array along the depth of the mine hydrogen storage tank 7. The longitudinal drainage plates 12 are spaced apart along the annular drainage plates 21. The longitudinal drainage plates 12 and the annular drainage plates 21 are interconnected to form a grid-like drainage structure. The two ends of the annular drainage plates 21 are respectively connected to the drainage pipes 20 on both sides for drainage. The drainage plates have a trapezoidal groove shape in cross-section, with a width of 30-100 mm, a thickness of 5-10 mm, and a spacing of 200-500 mm. The diameter of the drainage pipes is 100-200 mm.

[0047] In this embodiment, the abandoned mine 1 can be an open-pit mine of abandoned coal or tin. Through the restoration and treatment methods of slope cutting and top leveling, the terrain undulation angle required by the photovoltaic site is met. After restoration and treatment, the slope of the abandoned mine 2 is controlled at 25-35° and the terrain undulation is controlled within 20°. The photovoltaic panel 2 is set at an angle, and the photovoltaic support 3 is installed on one side end face of the photovoltaic panel 2.

[0048] The embodiment provides a construction method for a photovoltaic-hydrogen storage coupled fuel cell power generation system. The specific construction steps are as follows:

[0049] S1. Photovoltaic panel layout: For the restoration and management of abandoned mines, areas with significant elevation differences should be leveled by reducing elevations and creating bases to achieve a smooth transition. Photovoltaic panels are installed on the mine surface using photovoltaic support frames, with the panels angled to ensure that the array of panels does not obstruct each other.

[0050] S2. Set up a hydrogen production module; the hydrogen production module consists of multiple electrolyzers connected in series, and the DC power generated by the photovoltaic power generation module is transmitted to the electrolyzers for water electrolysis to produce hydrogen through the power transmission bus.

[0051] S3. Abandoned mine tunnel restoration: First, survey the surrounding rock conditions of the abandoned mine tunnel to identify unstable areas such as collapse, damage, and loose faults. Then, grouting is carried out to reinforce the weak areas of the abandoned mine tunnel to achieve smooth and stable mine tunnel walls.

[0052] S4. Initial support layer construction: Erect the initial support layer formwork, arrange drainage structures at designated locations and use geotextiles for isolation and filtration, and finally pour concrete and cure it.

[0053] S5. Welding of the steel lining of the hydrogen storage tank: An "X" shaped bevel is set at the welding point of two adjacent inner lining steel plates. The bevel and the area near the bevel are cleaned. Welding is carried out after the steel plates are preheated to the specified temperature. The outer steel lining, inner steel lining and supporting steel plates are assembled and welded in sequence. The formed steel lining is a double-layer sandwich structure. The inner steel lining forms two independent circular hydrogen storage cavities. The asphalt sand buffer layer is pasted on the outer surface of the steel lining with epoxy resin. An air barrier layer is applied to the inner wall of the two circular hydrogen storage cavities of the hydrogen storage tank to form a sealing layer.

[0054] S6. Sinking of the steel liner of the hydrogen storage facility; Sink the steel liner assembled in step S5 into the abandoned mine shaft, pour UHPC concrete into the internal space of the steel liner and compact it.

[0055] S7. Construction of the anti-seepage concrete layer: A polyethylene plastic hose is used to send the concrete into the bottom of the well along the annular space between the abandoned mine shaft and the assembled steel lining. Finally, a truck pump is used to send the prepared anti-seepage concrete into the bottom of the shaft along the polyethylene plastic hose. The polyethylene plastic hose is lifted while pouring the concrete until the concrete fills the entire annular space.

[0056] S8. Reinforcement structure construction: Weld sealing devices at the head of the hydrogen storage tank, then level the site, lay out the construction lines, locate the anchor bolt hole positions, use a drilling machine to drill the anchor bolt holes, then lower the anchor bolts to the design elevation, fill the entire hole with cement grout, finally construct the reinforcement plate and use anchors to anchor the anchor bolts to the reinforcement plate.

[0057] S9. Construction of the power generation module: Hydrogen is output through a hydrogen pipeline to drive a hydrogen fuel cell to generate electricity, and the DC power is converted into AC power by an inverter and transmitted to the power grid. This completes the construction of the photovoltaic-hydrogen storage coupled fuel cell power generation system.

[0058] The embodiments of the present invention have been described above with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above. The specific embodiments described above are merely illustrative and not restrictive. Those skilled in the art can make many other forms under the guidance of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the claims. All of these forms are within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A photovoltaic-hydrogen storage coupled fuel cell power generation system, characterized in that: The photovoltaic-hydrogen production-storage coupled fuel cell power generation system includes a photovoltaic power generation module, a hydrogen production module, a hydrogen storage module, and a power generation module. The photovoltaic power generation module and the hydrogen production module are connected in series via a power transmission bus (4), and the hydrogen production module, hydrogen storage module, and power generation module are connected via a hydrogen transmission pipeline (6). The photovoltaic power generation module is composed of multiple photovoltaic panels (2) connected in series and installed on the restored abandoned mine (1-1) via a photovoltaic bracket (3). The hydrogen production module is composed of multiple electrolyzers (5) connected in series. The power supply end of the electrolyzer (5) of the hydrogen production module is connected to the output end of the photovoltaic power generation module, and the hydrogen output end of the hydrogen production module is transported to the hydrogen storage module via a hydrogen transmission pipeline (6). The hydrogen storage module is a mine hydrogen storage tank (7), which is set up in the abandoned mine. Inside the abandoned mine shaft (28), from the outside to the inside, there are an initial support layer (10), a drainage structure (19), an impermeable concrete layer (14), a steel lining layer (17), and a sealing device (25). The sealing device (25) is set at the entrance of the abandoned mine shaft (28) and is sealed to the open surface of the steel lining layer (17). An air inlet and outlet channel (26) is set inside the sealing device (25). The hydrogen output end of the mine shaft hydrogen storage tank (7) is connected to the hydrogen fuel cell (8) through a hydrogen pipeline (6). The power generation module consists of a hydrogen fuel cell (8) and an inverter (27). The hydrogen fuel cell uses hydrogen as fuel to convert hydrogen energy into electrical energy, and the inverter (27) converts DC power into AC power and transmits it to the power grid (9). The mine hydrogen storage tank (7) is a hydrogen storage tank with a double circular cross-section structure. An asphalt mortar buffer layer (13) is provided between the impermeable concrete layer (14) and the steel lining layer (17). The asphalt mortar buffer layer (13) is bonded to the outer surface of the outer steel lining layer (17) with epoxy resin adhesive. The gas barrier layer (16) is an olefin plastic polymer and is bonded to the inner wall of the inner steel lining layer (17). Its thickness is 5-15mm. The asphalt mortar buffer layer (13) is made by mixing asphalt and mineral powder in a certain proportion. Its thickness is 10-50mm. The steel lining (17) is a double-layer sandwich structure, including an outer steel lining, an inner steel lining, and UHPC concrete (15) filled between the two steel linings. The outer steel lining includes an outer steel plate (17-3), an arched steel plate (17-1), and a bottom sealing steel plate (17-2). The inner steel lining is formed by welding two cylindrical steel lining structures from the inner steel plate (17-4), forming two independent circular hydrogen storage cavities. A gas barrier layer (16) is provided on the inner wall of each inner steel lining. The sealing device (25) is a frustum-shaped double-layer structure made of high alloy stainless steel. The sealing device (25) is welded to the steel lining (17) and seals the openings of the two circular hydrogen storage cavities. At least two gas inlet and outlet channels (26) are provided, which are respectively connected to the two circular hydrogen storage cavities. The drainage structure (19) is located between the initial support layer (10) and the impermeable concrete layer (14), and consists of annular drainage boards (21), longitudinal drainage boards (12), and drainage pipes (20). The annular drainage boards (21) are arranged in an array along the depth direction of the mine hydrogen storage tank (7), and the longitudinal drainage boards (12) are spaced apart along the annular drainage boards (21). The longitudinal drainage boards (12) and the annular drainage boards (21) are interconnected to form a grid-like drainage structure. The two ends of the annular drainage boards (21) are respectively connected to Drainage is carried out by drainage pipes (20) on both sides; a geotextile layer (11) is wrapped around the drainage structure (19); the outer steel lining, inner steel lining and supporting steel plate (18) are all made of high alloy stainless steel plate with a thickness of 20-60mm; bevels are set at the weld joints of adjacent steel plates of the steel lining, so that the bevels of the two steel plates fit together to form an approximate "X" shape, the bevel angle on the side near the structure of the impermeable concrete layer (14) is 40-50°, and the bevel angle on the opposite side near the air barrier layer (16) is 20-30°.

2. The photovoltaic-hydrogen storage coupled fuel cell power generation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: A reinforced structure for a mine hydrogen storage tank (7) is provided at the entrance of the abandoned mine shaft (28). The reinforced structure includes a reinforced plate (23) and anchor rods (22). The reinforced plate (23) is a reinforced concrete structure and is set at the entrance of the abandoned mine shaft (28). Its area is larger than the cross-sectional area of ​​the abandoned mine shaft (28). There are multiple anchor rods (22), which are arranged in a circular array with the axis of the reinforced plate (23) as the center and anchored by anchors (24) in the area where the reinforced plate (23) extends beyond the entrance of the abandoned mine shaft (28). The sealing device (25) is set inside the reinforced plate (23), and the air inlet and outlet channel (26) passes through the reinforced plate (23) and extends out of the abandoned mine shaft (28).

3. The photovoltaic-hydrogen storage coupled fuel cell power generation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer lining steel plate (17-3) and the inner lining steel plate (17-4) are welded together in sequence to form a double ring structure. The double ring structure, the arched steel plate (17-1), and the bottom sealing steel plate (17-2) are welded together to form a ring-shaped integrated structure. Multiple supporting steel plates (18) are provided between the outer lining steel plate (17-3) and the inner lining steel plate (17-4). The supporting steel plates (18) divide the area between the outer lining steel plate (17-3) and the inner lining steel plate (17-4) into a grid shape. The UHPC concrete (15) is filled in the grid.

4. The photovoltaic-hydrogen storage coupled fuel cell power generation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The drainage board has a trapezoidal groove shape in cross section, with a width of 30-100mm, a thickness of 5-10mm, and a spacing of 200-500mm. The drainage pipe has a diameter of 100-200mm.

5. A construction method for a photovoltaic-hydrogen-storage coupled fuel cell power generation system as described in any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, The specific construction steps are as follows: S1. Photovoltaic panel layout; For the restoration and management of abandoned mines, areas with large elevation differences should be smoothed out by leveling and lowering; Photovoltaic panels are arranged on the mine surface using photovoltaic support frames, with the photovoltaic panels set at an angle to ensure that the photovoltaic panel array does not block each other; S2. Set up a hydrogen production module; the hydrogen production module consists of multiple electrolyzers connected in series, and the DC power generated by the photovoltaic power generation module is transmitted to the electrolyzers for water electrolysis to produce hydrogen through the power transmission bus. S3. Abandoned mine tunnel restoration: First, survey the surrounding rock conditions of the abandoned mine tunnel to identify unstable areas such as collapse, damage, and loose faults. Then, grouting is carried out to reinforce the weak areas of the abandoned mine tunnel to achieve smooth and stable mine tunnel walls. S4. Initial support layer construction: Erect the initial support layer formwork, arrange drainage structures at designated locations and use geotextiles for isolation and filtration, and finally pour concrete and cure it. S5. Welding of the steel lining of the hydrogen storage tank: An "X" shaped bevel is set at the welding point of two adjacent inner lining steel plates. The bevel and the area near the bevel are cleaned. Welding is carried out after the steel plates are preheated to the specified temperature. The outer steel lining, inner steel lining and supporting steel plate are assembled and welded in sequence. The formed steel lining is a double-layer sandwich structure. The inner steel lining forms two independent circular hydrogen storage cavities. The asphalt sand buffer layer is attached to the outer surface of the steel lining with epoxy resin. An air barrier layer is applied to the inner wall of the two circular hydrogen storage cavities of the hydrogen storage tank to form a sealing layer. S6. Sinking of the steel lining of the hydrogen storage facility; Sink the steel lining assembled in step S5 into the abandoned mine shaft, pour UHPC concrete into the space between the inner and outer layers of the steel lining and compact it. S7. Construction of the anti-seepage concrete layer: A polyethylene plastic hose is used to send the concrete into the bottom of the mine through the annular space between the abandoned mine tunnel and the assembled steel lining. Finally, a truck pump is used to send the prepared anti-seepage concrete into the bottom of the tunnel through the polyethylene plastic hose. The polyethylene plastic hose is lifted while pouring the concrete until the concrete fills the entire annular space. S8. Reinforcement structure construction; Weld sealing devices at the head of the hydrogen storage tank, then level the site, lay out the construction lines, locate the anchor bolt hole positions, use a drilling machine to drill the anchor bolt holes, then lower the anchor bolts to the design elevation, fill the entire hole with cement grout, finally construct the reinforcement plate and use anchors to anchor the anchor bolts to the reinforcement plate. S9. Construction of the power generation module: Hydrogen is output through a hydrogen pipeline to drive a hydrogen fuel cell to generate electricity, and the DC power is converted into AC power by an inverter and transmitted to the power grid. This completes the construction of the photovoltaic-hydrogen storage coupled fuel cell power generation system.

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