Frame structure suitable for a communication environment based on a terahertz band

Abstract

The disclosure relates to a 5G or 6G communication system supporting a data transmission rate higher than that of a 4G communication system such as LTE. According to one embodiment of the disclosure, a base station of a communication system confirms a subcarrier spacing to which a signal is to be transmitted to a terminal or a signal is to be received from the terminal, transmits the signal to the terminal, the signal including information indicating allocation of an additional symbol and / or a number of the additional symbols, generates data allocation information of data based on the allocation of the additional symbol, and transmits the data allocation information and the data to the terminal, wherein the additional symbol can be allocated to a predetermined portion of a first slot at every 0.5 ms boundary.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure relates to frame structures and apparatuses for designing wireless communication in the terahertz band. Background Technology

[0002] A review of the evolution of wireless communication from generation to generation shows that development has primarily focused on human-centric service technologies, such as voice-based services, multimedia services, and data services. An exponential increase in connected devices is expected to be linked to communication networks following the commercialization of fifth-generation (5G) communication systems. Examples of things connected to the network can include vehicles, robots, drones, home appliances, displays, and smart sensors connected to various infrastructure, construction machinery, and factory equipment. Mobile devices are expected to evolve in various forms, such as augmented reality glasses, virtual reality headsets, and holographic devices. Efforts are underway to develop improved 6G communication systems to provide a wide range of services by connecting tens of billions of devices and things in the 6G era. For these reasons, 6G communication systems are referred to as quasi-5G systems.

[0003] The 6G communication system, expected to be realized around 2030, will have a maximum transmission rate in the megabit (1,000 giga) bps range and a radio latency of 100 μsec, and will therefore be 50 times faster than the 5G communication system and have 1 / 10 of its radio latency.

[0004] To achieve such high data transmission rates and ultra-low latency, 6G communication systems have been considered for implementation in the terahertz band (e.g., the 95 GHz to 3 THz band). It is anticipated that technologies capable of ensuring signal transmission distance (i.e., coverage) will become even more critical due to the more severe path loss and atmospheric absorption in the terahertz band compared to the millimeter-wave band introduced in 5G. As a primary technology for protecting coverage, it is necessary to develop multi-antenna transmission technologies, including radio frequency (RF) components, antennas, novel waveforms with better coverage than OFDM, beamforming and massive MIMO, full-dimensional MIMO (FD-MIMO), array antennas, and massive MIMO. Furthermore, new technologies for improving signal coverage in the terahertz band, such as metamaterial-based lenses and antennas, orbital angular momentum (OAM), and reconfigurable smart surfaces (RIS), have been discussed.

[0005] Furthermore, to improve frequency efficiency and system network performance, the following technologies have been developed for 6G communication systems: full-duplex technology, enabling uplink (UE transmission) and downlink (Node B transmission) to use the same frequency resources simultaneously; integrated network technologies utilizing satellites, High Altitude Platform Stations (HAPS), etc.; innovative network architecture technologies supporting mobile Node Bs, achieving network operation optimization and automation; dynamic spectrum sharing technology based on spectrum usage prediction to avoid conflicts; AI-based communication technologies, enabling system optimization and internalizing end-to-end AI support functions from the technical design stage; and next-generation distributed computing technologies, enabling services with complexity exceeding UE computing capacity limits through the use of ultra-high-performance communication and computing resources (Mobile Edge Computing (MEC), cloud, etc.). In addition, by designing new protocols for 6G communication systems, mechanisms for achieving hardware-based secure environments and secure data use have been developed, along with technologies for privacy maintenance methods. Efforts are ongoing to further enhance connectivity between devices, further optimize networks, promote software implementation of network entities, and increase the openness of wireless communication.

[0006] This research and development of 6G communication systems is expected to enable the next hyper-connected experience in a new dimension through the hyper-connectivity of 6G systems, covering connections between objects and between people and things. Specifically, services such as truly immersive XR, high-fidelity mobile holograms, and digital replicas are expected to be provided through 6G communication systems. Furthermore, with enhanced security and reliability, services such as remote surgery, industrial automation, and emergency response will be available through 6G communication systems, and these services will be applied to various fields including industry, healthcare, automotive, and home appliances.

[0007] In addition, a technique for effective signal transmission / reception in the terahertz band is being researched. Summary of the Invention

[0008] Technical issues

[0009] This invention proposes a frame structure applicable to the terahertz frequency band, and a signal transmission / reception method using the frame structure.

[0010] Technical solution

[0011] To address the aforementioned problems, this disclosure provides a method performed by a base station of a communication system, the method comprising: identifying a subcarrier interval to which a signal is to be transmitted to or received from a terminal; transmitting a signal to the terminal, the signal including information indicating whether additional symbols have been allocated and / or the number of additional symbols; generating data allocation information based on the allocation of the additional symbols; and transmitting the data allocation information and the data to the terminal, wherein the additional symbols are allocated to predetermined positions in a first time slot at 0.5 ms boundaries.

[0012] Furthermore, a method performed by a terminal of a communication system is provided, the method comprising: identifying a subcarrier interval to which a signal is to be transmitted to or received from a base station; receiving a signal from the base station, the signal including information indicating at least one of whether an additional symbol has been allocated or the number of additional symbols; receiving data allocation information from the base station; and receiving data about the additional symbols from the base station based on the data allocation information, wherein the additional symbols are allocated to predetermined positions in a first time slot at 0.5 ms boundaries.

[0013] Furthermore, the base station of the communication system includes a transceiver and a controller, the controller being configured to perform control to identify the subcarrier interval to be transmitted to or received from the terminal, to transmit a signal to the terminal, the signal including information indicating at least one of whether an additional symbol is allocated to the terminal or the number of the additional symbols, data allocation information based on the allocation of the additional symbols to generate data, and to transmit the data allocation information and the data to the terminal, wherein the additional symbols are allocated to predetermined positions in a first time slot every 0.5ms boundary.

[0014] Furthermore, the terminal of the communication system includes a transceiver and a controller configured to perform control to identify the subcarrier interval to be transmitted to or received from the base station, receive signals from the base station, the signals including information indicating at least one of whether additional symbols have been allocated or the number of additional symbols from the base station, data allocation information for receiving data from the base station, and data about additional symbols received from the base station based on the data allocation information, wherein the additional symbols are allocated to predetermined positions of the first time slot at 0.5 ms boundaries.

[0015] Beneficial effects

[0016] According to embodiments of this disclosure, radio resources can be used to efficiently transmit or receive signals using a frame structure suitable for the terahertz band. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 The transmission structure in the time-frequency domain is shown, which is the radio resource domain of a 5G or NR system; Figure 2 The PDCCH 201 for transmitting the downlink physical channel of the LTE system DCI is shown; Figure 3 An example of a basic unit for configuring the time and frequency resources of the downlink control channel that can be used in a 5G system is shown; Figure 4 An example of transmitting the control resource set (CORESET) of the downlink control channel in a 5G communication system is shown; Figure 5 An example of a data channel for sending or receiving data is shown; Figure 6A shows an example of the frame structure of an NR system; Figure 6B shows an example of symbol length when the SCS is extended; Figure 7 This shows when the SCS is extended to 15kHz × 2 n Example of OFDM symbol at time; Figure 8A shows an example of the structure of the first symbol every 0.5 ms according to this disclosure; Figure 8B illustrates the SCS according to this disclosure. Examples of time slots and symbol structures in the time domain at kHz (n >= 8); Figure 9 An example of the operations performed by the base station when assigning additional symbols is shown; Figure 10 This shows an example of the operations performed by the terminal when an append symbol is assigned; Figure 11 An example of a frame structure using the remaining samples every 0.5ms as a complementary sequence is shown; Figure 12 An example of base station operation is shown when a complementary sequence is sent / received every 0.5ms depending on the value of n; Figure 13 An example of terminal operation is shown when a complementary sequence is sent / received every 0.5ms depending on the value of n; Figure 14 An example is shown where additional and complementary symbols are assigned according to each SCS; Figure 15 An example of slot alignment is shown; Figure 16 An example of a frame structure that satisfies conditions A, B, and C is shown; Figure 17 An example of a frame structure that satisfies conditions A, B, C, and D is shown; Figure 18 An example of a frame structure that satisfies conditions A, C, and D is shown; Figure 19 Another example of a frame structure that satisfies conditions A, C, and D is shown; Figure 20 Another example of a frame structure that satisfies conditions A, C, and D is shown; Figure 21 Another example of a frame structure that satisfies conditions A, C, and D is shown; Figure 22 Another example of a frame structure that satisfies conditions A, C, and D is shown; Figure 23 Another example of a frame structure that satisfies conditions A, C, and D is shown; Figure 24 Another example of a frame structure that satisfies conditions A, C, and D is shown; Figure 25 This is a block diagram illustrating the internal structure of a terminal according to an embodiment of the present disclosure; and Figure 26 This is a block diagram illustrating the internal structure of a base station according to an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0018] Wireless communication systems are evolving into broadband wireless communication systems, which provide high-speed and high-quality packet data services using communication standards such as 3GPP High-Speed ​​Packet Access (HSPA), LTE {Long Term Evolution or Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA)}, LTE-Advanced (LTE-A), LTE-Pro, 3GPP2 High-Rate Packet Data (HRPD), Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB), IEEE 802.16e, and typical voice-based services.

[0019] As a typical example of a broadband wireless communication system, the LTE system employs an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) scheme in the downlink (DL) and a Single-Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) scheme in the uplink (UL). The uplink refers to the radio link through which the User Equipment (UE) (or Mobile Station (MS)) transmits data or control signals to the Base Station (BS) (eNode B), while the downlink refers to the radio link through which the Base Station transmits data or control signals to the UE. These multiple access schemes separate the data or control information of each user by allocating and operating time-frequency resources for transmitting data or control information to each user, thus avoiding overlap and establishing orthogonality.

[0020] As a communication system following LTE, 5G communication systems must freely reflect the various needs of users, service providers, and others, and therefore must support services that meet these diverse requirements. Services considered in 5G communication systems include enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB) communication, massive machine-type communication (mMTC), and ultra-reliable low-latency communication (URLLC).

[0021] eMBB aims to provide higher data rates than those supported by existing LTE, LTE-A, or LTE-Pro systems. For example, in 5G communication systems, eMBB must provide a peak data rate of 20Gbps in the downlink and 10Gbps in the uplink for a single base station. Furthermore, 5G communication systems must provide increased user-aware data rates and maximum data rates to the UE. To meet these requirements, improved transmit / receive technologies, including further enhanced multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) transmission techniques, are needed. Moreover, the data rates required by 5G communication systems can be achieved using frequency bandwidths greater than 20MHz in the 3GHz to 6GHz band or higher, instead of the up to 20MHz transmission bandwidth in the 2GHz band used in LTE.

[0022] Furthermore, mMTC is considered to support application services such as the Internet of Things (IoT) in 5G communication systems. To effectively deliver IoT, mMTC has requirements such as supporting connectivity for a large number of UEs in a cell, enhancing UE coverage, improving battery life, and reducing UE costs. Since IoT provides communication capabilities while supplying various sensors and devices, it must support a large number of UEs in a cell (e.g., 1,000,000 UEs / km). 2 Furthermore, mMTC-enabled UEs may require wider coverage than those providing other services by 5G communication systems because the UE may be located in shadow areas such as building basements, which are not covered by the cell due to the nature of the service. mMTC-enabled UEs must be configured to be inexpensive, and may require very long battery life, such as 10 to 15 years, due to the difficulty in frequently replacing the UE's battery.

[0023] Finally, URLLC is a cellular-based mission-critical wireless communication service that can be used for remote control of robots or machines, industrial automation, drones, remote healthcare, emergency alerts, and more. Therefore, URLLC must provide communication with ultra-low latency and ultra-high reliability. For example, services supporting URLLC must meet an air interface latency of less than 0.5ms and also require 10... -5Or even lower packet error rates. Therefore, for services that support URLLC, 5G systems must provide shorter transmission time intervals (TTIs) than other services, and also require designs that allocate significant resources in the frequency band to ensure the reliability of the communication link.

[0024] The three services in a 5G system—eMBB, URLLC, and mMTC—can be multiplexed and transmitted within a single system. In this case, different transmit / receive technologies and parameters can be used between services to meet their varying requirements. Of course, 5G is not limited to these three services.

[0025] In addition, research is underway to provide systems beyond 5G or 6G to achieve higher data transmission rates and ultra-low latency.

[0026] Figure 1 The transmission structure of the time-frequency domain as the radio resource domain of a 5G or NR system is shown.

[0027] Reference Figure 1 In the radio resource domain, the horizontal axis indicates the time domain, while the vertical axis indicates the frequency domain. The smallest transmission unit in the time domain is an OFDM symbol, and N symb OFDM symbols 122 are aggregated to form a time slot 126. The length of a subframe can be defined as 1.0 ms, and radio frame 114 can be defined as 10 ms. The smallest transmission unit in the frequency domain is a subcarrier, and the bandwidth of the entire system transmission band can include a total of N. BW There are 124 subcarriers. However, these specific values ​​can be applied in different ways depending on the system.

[0028] The basic unit of the time-frequency resource domain is the resource element (RE) 112, which can be represented by OFDM symbol index and subcarrier index. The resource block (RB) 108 can be defined as consecutive NRB subcarriers 110 in the frequency domain.

[0029] Typically, the smallest unit of data transmission is the RB unit. In 5G or NR systems, typically Ns ymb = 14, N RB =12, and N BW It can be proportional to the bandwidth of the system's transmission frequency band. The data rate increases proportionally to the number of RBs scheduled for the terminal. In 5G or NR systems, in the case of an FDD system configured to divide the downlink and uplink by frequency, the downlink transmission bandwidth and uplink transmission bandwidth can be different from each other. Channel bandwidth represents the RF bandwidth corresponding to the system transmission bandwidth.

[0030] In 5G or NR systems, wider channel bandwidths can be used than in LTE. Table 1 shows the correspondence between system transmission bandwidth, channel bandwidth, and subcarrier spacing (SCS) in 5G or NR systems.

[0031] [Table 1]

[0032] Next, we will describe the downlink control information (DCI) in LTE and LTE-A systems in detail.

[0033] In LTE systems, scheduling information for downlink or uplink data is transmitted from the base station to the UE via the Data Control Information (DCI). Depending on whether the DCI is for uplink or downlink data, whether it is a compact DCI with small-size control information, whether spatial multiplexing using multiple antennas is applied, or whether it is a DCI for power control, the DCI is defined in various formats and is applied and managed according to these defined formats. For example, DCI format 1, which serves as scheduling control information for downlink data, can be configured to include at least the following control information.

[0034] The resource allocation type 0 / 1 flag indicates whether the resource allocation method is type 0 or type 1. In type 0, resources are allocated within a resource block group (RBG) unit by applying a bitmap method. The basic unit of scheduling in an LTE system is a resource block (RB), represented as a time and frequency region resource. An RBG comprises multiple RBs and is the basic unit of scheduling in the type 0 method. In type 1, specific RBs are allocated within an RBG.

[0035] Resource block allocation provides notification of the Resource Blocks (RBs) allocated to data transmission. The represented resource is determined based on system bandwidth and the resource allocation method.

[0036] - Modulation and coding scheme (MCS) provides information on the modulation method for data transmission and the size of the transport block (i.e., the data to be transmitted).

[0037] - The Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request (HARQ) procedure number provides notification of the HARQ procedure number.

[0038] - The new data indicator provides notification of HARQ initial transmission or retransmission.

[0039] - Redundant versions provide notifications for redundant versions of HARQ.

[0040] The Transmit Power Control (TPC) command for the Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH) provides notification of TPC commands for the PUCCH (i.e., the Uplink Control Channel).

[0041] Based on the channel coding and modulation process, DCI is transmitted through PDCCH (i.e., downlink physical control channel).

[0042] Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) bits are added to the DCI message payload. The CRC bits are scrambled by a Radio Network Temporary Identifier (RNTI) corresponding to the UE's identity. Different RNTIs are used depending on the object of the DCI message, such as UE-specific data transmissions, power control commands, or random access responses. That is, the RNTI is not explicitly sent but is included in and transmitted during the CRC calculation process. When a DCI message is received on the PDCCH, the UE can use the assigned RNTI to identify the CRC. When the CRC result is correct, the UE knows that the corresponding message has been sent to it.

[0043] Figure 2 The PDCCH 201 is shown as a downlink physical channel through which the DCI of the LTE system is transmitted.

[0044] Reference Figure 2 PDCCH 201 and PDSCH 202 (i.e., the data transmission channel) are time-division multiplexed and transmitted across the entire system bandwidth. The area of ​​PDCCH 201 is represented by the number of OFDM symbols. This is a control format indicator (CFI) about the UE transmitted via the Physical Control Format Indicator Channel (PCFICH). By allocating PDCCH 201 to the OFDM symbols preceding the subframe, the UE can decode downlink scheduling allocation information as quickly as possible. Therefore, there is an advantage in reducing the decoding latency of the downlink shared channel (DL-SCH) (i.e., the total downlink transmission latency). One PDCCH carries one DCI message, and multiple UEs can be scheduled simultaneously in both the downlink and uplink. Therefore, multiple PDCCHs can be transmitted simultaneously within each cell. Cell-Specific Reference Signal (CRS) 203 is used as a reference signal for decoding PDCCH 201. CRS 203 is transmitted in every subframe across the entire frequency band, and the scrambling and resource mapping of CRS are different based on the cell identifier (ID). CRS 203 is a reference signal used by all common UEs, therefore UE-specific beamforming cannot be used in CRS. Thus, the multi-antenna transmission scheme of the PDCCH in LTE systems is limited to open-loop transmit diversity. The number of CRS ports is implicitly communicated to the UE by decoding the Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH).

[0045] Resource allocation for PDCCH 201 is based on Control Channel Elements (CCEs). A CCE comprises 9 Resource Element Groups (REGs), totaling 36 Resource Elements (REs). The number of CCEs used for a specific PDCCH 201 can be 1, 2, 4, or 8, depending on the channel coding rate of the DCI message payload. As mentioned above, different numbers of CCEs are used to implement link adaptation for PDCCH 201. The UE must detect the signal without knowing any information about PDCCH 201. In LTE systems, a search space indicating a set of CCEs has been defined for blind decoding. Multiple candidate sets of the search space are configured for each aggregation level (AL) of each CCE. This is not explicitly notified by signaling but implicitly defined by a function based on the UE ID and subframe number. The UE performs decoding of PDCCH 201 with respect to all resource candidate groups, and information valid for the corresponding UE is declared through CRC processing. All resource candidate groups can be generated from the CCEs within the search space configured in each subframe.

[0046] The search space is divided into a UE-specific search space and a common search space. A pre-defined group of UEs or all UEs can search the common search space of PDCCH 201 to receive dynamic scheduling of system information or cell common control information (such as paging messages). For example, the scheduling allocation information for the DL-SCH of System Information Block (SIB)-1, including the cell's service provider information, can be received by searching the common search space of PDCCH 201.

[0047] In an LTE system, the entire PDCCH area includes the set of CCEs in the logical area, and there exists a search space that includes the set of CCEs. The search space is divided into a common search space and a UE-specific search space, and the search space of the LTE PDCCH is defined as follows.

[0048] Define the set of PDCCH candidates to be monitored based on the search space, where at the aggregation level... search space Defined by a set of PDCCH candidates. For each serving cell monitoring the PDCCH, the corresponding search space is... The CCE of the PDCCH candidate m is given by the following formula.

[0049] in, Defined as follows, i = 0,…, L-1. For the common search space, m' = m. For the PDCCH UE-specific search space, for the serving cell monitoring the PDCCH on it, if the monitoring UE is configured with a carrier indicator field, then… ,in This is the carrier indicator field value; otherwise, if the monitored UE is not configured with a carrier indicator field, then m' = m, where m = 0,…, M. （L） -1. M （L） This is the number of PDCCH candidates to be monitored in the given search space.

[0050] Note that the carrier indicator field value is the same as ServCellIndex.

[0051] For the common search space, for the two aggregation levels L = 4 and L = 8, Set to 0.

[0052] For the UE-specific search space at aggregation level L ,variable Defined as follows

[0053] Where Y -1 = n RNTI ≠ 0, A = 39827, D = 65537, and n s It is the timeslot number within the wireless frame.

[0054] n RNTI The RNTI value is defined in Section 7.1 of the downlink section and Section 8 of the uplink section.

[0055] The search space is a set of candidate control channels including CCEs, at which the UE needs to attempt decoding at a given aggregation level. The UE has multiple search spaces because there are several aggregation levels where 1, 2, 4, or 8 CCEs form a group. The number of PDCCH candidate groups that the UE needs to monitor within the search space defined by the aggregation level in the LTE PDCCH is defined in Table 2 below.

[0056] [Table 2]

[0057] Referring to Table 2, the UE-specific search space supports aggregation levels {1,2,4,8} with PDCCH candidate groups of {6,6,2,2} respectively. The common search space 320 supports aggregation levels {4,8} with PDCCH candidate groups of {4,2} respectively. The reason why the common search space only supports aggregation levels {4,8} is to produce better coverage characteristics, because system messages should typically reach the cell edge.

[0058] DCIs transmitted in the common search space can be defined only in a specific DCI format, such as 0 / 1A / 3 / 3A / 1C corresponding to system messages or power control of UE groups. DCI formats with spatial multiplexing are not supported in the common search space. The downlink DCI format to be decoded in a UE-specific search space differs based on the transmission mode configured in the respective UE. Since transmission mode configuration is performed via Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling, the exact subframe number regarding when the corresponding configuration is valid for the respective UE has not yet been specified. Therefore, regardless of the transmission mode, the UE can maintain communication by always performing decoding on DCI format 1A.

[0059] Above, the methods and search space for downlink control channels and downlink control information in conventional LTE and LTE-A systems have been described.

[0060] The following text will describe in detail the downlink control channel in the 5G communication system currently under discussion.

[0061] Figure 3 An example of a basic unit for configuring the time and frequency resources of the downlink control channel, which can be used in a 5G system, is shown. (Refer to...) Figure 3 The basic unit (REG) constituting the time and frequency resources of the control channel includes one OFDM symbol 301 on the time axis and 12 subcarriers 302 on the frequency axis, i.e., one RB. When configuring the REG of the control channel, the REG on the time axis is assumed to be one OFDM symbol 301, so the data channel and the control channel can be time-division multiplexed within one subframe. Furthermore, since the user's processing time is reduced by positioning the control channel before the data channel, delay requirements can be easily met. By configuring the REG on the frequency axis of the control channel as one RB 302, frequency multiplexing between the control channel and the data channel can be effectively implemented.

[0062] Through connection Figure 3 The REG 303 shown is used to configure control channel regions of various sizes. For example, when the basic unit for allocating downlink control channels in a 5G system is the CCE 304, one CCE 304 can include multiple REG 303s. Figure 3When the REG 304 description shown is an example, REG 303 can include 12 REs, and when one CCE 304 includes 6 REG 303s, one CCE 304 can include 72 REs. When configuring a downlink control area, the corresponding area can include multiple CCE 304s. A specific downlink control channel can be mapped to one or more CCE 304s and transmitted based on the aggregation level within the control area. CCE 304s within a control area can be distinguished based on quantity. In this case, the quantity can be allocated according to a logical mapping method.

[0063] Figure 3 The basic unit of the downlink control channel shown, REG 303, can include all regions of the RE mapping DCI and the demodulation reference signal (DMRS) 305, i.e., the reference signal for decoding the RE. Figure 3 As shown, DMRS 305 can be transmitted in six REs within a single REG 303. For reference, since DMRS 303 is transmitted using the same precoding as the control signals mapped in REG 303, the UE can decode the control information even without information about which precoding is applied by the base station.

[0064] Figure 4 An example of transmitting the control resource set (CORESET) of the downlink control channel in a 5G communication system is shown. Figure 4 The diagram shows the system bandwidth 410 on the frequency axis and a time slot 420 on the time axis that have been configured (in... Figure 4 In the example, assume two CORESETs (CORESET#1 401 and CORESET#2 402) within a time slot (7 OFDM symbols). CORESETs 401 and 402 can be configured as specific subbands 403 within the entire system bandwidth 410 on the frequency axis. A CORESET can be configured as one or more OFDM symbols on the time axis, which can be defined as the duration of the control resource set 404. Figure 4 In the example, CORESET#1 401 is configured for a control resource set duration of 2 symbols, and CORESET#2 402 is configured for a control resource set duration of 1 symbol.

[0065] In a 5G system, the aforementioned control resources can be configured by the base station relative to the UE via higher-layer signaling (e.g., system information, Master Information Block (MIB), or RRC signaling). The configuration of the control resource set in the UE is understood to provide information about the location, subband, resource allocation of the control area, and duration of the control resource set. For example, the control resource set configuration information may include the information shown in Table 3 below.

[0066] [Table 3]

[0067] In addition to the configuration information mentioned above, various information necessary for the UE to send downlink control channels can be configured.

[0068] Next, we will describe downlink control information (DCI) in a 5G system in detail.

[0069] In 5G systems, scheduling information for uplink data (or Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH)) or downlink data (or Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH)) is transmitted from the base station to the UE via DCI. The UE can monitor both the back-off DCI format and the non-back-off DCI format of the PUSCH or PDSCH. The back-off DCI format can be configured as fixed fields between the base station and the UE, while the non-back-off DCI format can include configurable fields.

[0070] The fallback DCI for scheduling PUSCH can include information such as the following.

[0071] [Table 4]

[0072] The non-back-off DCI for scheduling PUSCH can include information such as the following.

[0073] [Table 5]

[0074] The fallback DCI used to schedule PDSCH may include information such as the following.

[0075] [Table 6]

[0076] The non-back-off DCI used for scheduling PDSCH may include information such as the following.

[0077] [Table 7]

[0078] DCI messages can be transmitted via PDCCH through a channel coding and modulation process. A CRC bit is added to the DCI message payload, and the CRC is scrambled with an RNTI corresponding to the terminal's identifier. Different RNTIs are used depending on the purpose of the DCI message, such as terminal (UE)-specific data transmission, power control commands, or random access responses. The RNTI is not explicitly sent but is transmitted during the CRC calculation process. When a DCI message is received via PDCCH, the terminal can identify the CRC using the assigned RNTI, and if the CRC is determined to be correct based on the CRC identification result, the terminal can identify that the corresponding message has been sent.

[0079] For example, the DCI for scheduling System Information (SI) for PDSCH can be scrambled by SI-RNTI. The DCI for scheduling PDSCH for Random Access Response (RAR) messages can be scrambled by RA-RNTI. The DCI for scheduling PDSCH for paging messages can be scrambled by P-RNTI. The DCI for notifying Slot Format Indicator (SFI) can be scrambled by SFI-RNTI. The DCI for notifying Transmit Power Control (TPC) can be scrambled by TPC-RNTI. The DCI for scheduling UE-specific PDSCH or PUSCH can be scrambled by Cell RNTI (C-RNTI).

[0080] Figure 5 An example of a data transmission or reception channel is shown. When a particular terminal receives a data channel (i.e., PUSCH or PDSCH) via PDCCH, it can transmit or receive data along with DMRS within the corresponding scheduling resource area. Figure 5 This illustrates a scenario where a specific terminal uses 14 OFDM symbols as one time slot (or subframe) in the downlink, transmitting the PDCCH through the first two OFDM symbols and the DMRS in the third symbol. Figure 5 In the PDSCH, the REs that do not send DMRS in the third symbol are mapped to the REs that are mapped to the fourth to the last symbol, and the PDSCH is sent within the specific RB that schedules the PDSCH. Figure 5 The subcarrier spacing shown Δf In LTE and LTE-A systems, it is 15 kHz, and in 5G systems, it uses one of {15, 30, 60, 120, 240, 480} kHz.

[0081] Next, we will describe the Synchronization Signal (SS) / Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH), which can be mixed with the Synchronization Signal Block (SSB) in the NR system. An SS / PBCH block can mean a physical layer channel block configured by a primary synchronization signal (primary SS (PSS)), a secondary synchronization signal (secondary SS (SSS)), and a PBCH. One or more blocks can be transmitted within a 5ms interval, and each SS / PBCH block to be transmitted can be distinguished by an index. SS / PBCH blocks are specifically configured by the following signals and channels.

[0082] PSS: A signal used as a reference for downlink time and frequency synchronization and providing some information about the cell ID.

[0083] SSS: A signal used as a reference for downlink time and frequency synchronization, and provides residual cell ID information not provided by PSS. Additionally, 'SSS' can be used as a reference signal for PBCH demodulation.

[0084] PBCH: The Master Information Block (MIB) transmitted on the PBCH provides the basic system information necessary for transmitting and receiving data and control channels for the UE (the PBCH can be used interchangeably with broadcast signals). Basic system information may include search space-related control information indicating radio resource mapping information for control channels, scheduling control information for individual data channels transmitting system information, etc. Specifically, the information included in the MIB includes the most significant bit (MSB) of the SS / PBCH block index, half-frame timing indicator, system frame number information, initial access subcarrier spacing (SCS) information, and System Information Block (SIB) 1, SSB subcarrier offset information, DMRS location information for the PDSCH, control resource set (CORESET) configuration information, and search space configuration information for transmitting DCI scheduling SIB1, etc. The control resource set configured by the control resource set configuration information included in the MIB can be referred to as control resource set #0.

[0085] Furthermore, System Information Block 1 (SIB1), also known as the Remaining Minimal System Information, includes system information that a terminal needs to know before accessing the network. System information means public (i.e., not terminal-specific) information required for a terminal to operate correctly in the network. System information is sent to the UE in the form of several types of SIBs, and each SIB includes different types of system information.

[0086] Specifically, SIB1 is broadcast periodically, and specifically includes information about the terminal performing initial random access. Other SIBs typically include system information that the terminal does not need to know before accessing the network.

[0087] As mentioned above, to measure the downlink channel state in a cellular system, the base station needs to transmit a reference signal. In the case of an LTE-A system, the terminal can measure the channel state between the base station and the terminal using a CRS or Channel State Information Reference Signal (CSI-RS) transmitted by the base station. Furthermore, in the case of an NR system, the terminal can measure the channel state between the base station and the terminal using CSI-RS or a Synchronization Signal Block (SSB). The channel state should be measured by considering various factors, which may include the amount of interference in the downlink. The amount of interference in the downlink includes interference signals and thermal noise generated by antennas belonging to neighboring base stations, and the amount of interference in the downlink is important for the terminal to determine the downlink channel conditions. For example, when transmitting a signal from a base station with one transmit antenna to a terminal with one receive antenna, the terminal should determine the energy per symbol that can be received through the downlink, the amount of interference simultaneously received in the portion of the signal received from the base station via the reference signal, and should determine the energy per symbol to interference density ratio (Es / Io). The determined Es / Io can be converted into a data transmission rate or its corresponding value, and can be sent to the base station in the form of a Channel Quality Indicator (CQI) so that the base station can determine at what data transmission rate the base station will perform data transmission to the terminal.

[0088] In LTE, LTE-A, or NR systems, the terminal can feed back channel state information about the deep channel (DL) to the base station, enabling the base station to use this information for DL ​​scheduling. That is, the terminal measures the reference signal transmitted by the base station via DL and feeds back information extracted from the reference signal in the form defined in the LTE and LTE-A standards. As mentioned above, the information fed back by the terminal can be called channel state information, and the channel state information can include the following three pieces of information.

[0089] - Rank Indicator (RI): The number of spatial layers that the terminal can receive in the current channel state.

[0090] - Precoding Matrix Indicator (PMI): An indicator of the precoding matrix preferred by the terminal in the current channel state.

[0091] - Channel Quality Indicator (CQI): The maximum data rate at which the terminal can receive data under the current channel conditions.

[0092] CQI can be replaced by Signal-to-Interference-plus-Noise Ratio (SINR), which can be used similarly to maximum data rate, maximum error correction code rate and modulation method, data efficiency per frequency, etc.

[0093] RI, PMI, and CQI have interrelated meanings. For example, each level of the precoding matrix supported in the standard is defined differently. Therefore, the PMI value X when RI has a value of 1 and the PMI value X when RI has a value of 2 can be interpreted differently. Furthermore, the terminal determines the CQI under the assumption that the PMI and X reported by the terminal to the base station are applied to the base station. That is, a terminal reporting RI_X, PMI_Y, and CQI_Z to the base station is equivalent to reporting that the terminal can receive the data rate corresponding to CQI_Z when the rank is RI_X and the PMI is PMI_Y. Thus, when calculating the CQI, the terminal can assume in which transmission method the base station is performing transmission, and when the actual transmission is performed using the corresponding transmission method, the terminal can obtain optimal performance.

[0094] The channel state information (RI), PMI, and CQI, which are fed back by the terminal, can be fed back in a periodic, aperiodic, or semi-persistent form. When the base station intends to acquire the channel state information of a specific terminal aperiodicly, the base station can be configured to use the aperiodic feedback indicator (or channel state information request field, channel state information request information) included in the DCI so that the terminal performs aperiodic feedback (or aperiodic channel state information reporting).

[0095] When non-periodic feedback is configured, the feedback information (or channel state information) includes RI, PMI, and CQI, and RI and PMI may not be fed back according to the feedback configuration (or channel state report configuration).

[0096] In the following, embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. The embodiments of the present disclosure described below can be applied to other communication systems with similar technical backgrounds or channel types. Therefore, embodiments of the present disclosure can be applied to other communication systems with modifications that do not significantly depart from the scope of the present disclosure as determined by those skilled in the art.

[0097] Furthermore, in the description of this disclosure, detailed descriptions of relevant functions or configurations will be omitted where it is determined that such detailed descriptions might unnecessarily obscure the essential points of this disclosure. Additionally, the terminology described later is defined in consideration of the functions in this disclosure and may vary depending on the intent or habits of users and operators. Therefore, definitions should be based on the entire contents of this specification.

[0098] This disclosure proposes a frame structure for wireless communication including the terahertz (THz) band. Based on the design principles of existing NR system frame structures, this disclosure proposes a frame structure and operation for base stations and terminals that transmit an additional symbol every 0.5 ms during expansion to support a wider SCS. Furthermore, this disclosure proposes an operation where the base station and terminal transmit and receive system information by transmitting complementary sequences every 0.5 ms. In addition, a frame structure design method applicable to the terahertz band based on various conditions, and a specific frame structure, are also proposed.

[0099] Figure 6A illustrates an example of the frame structure of an NR system. The NR system supports SCSs of 15, 30, 60, 120, and 240 kHz. Depending on the SCS, each time slot comprises 14 OFDM symbols. Each OFDM symbol period corresponds to the sum of the cyclic prefix (CP) and the effective symbol length, and the CP means that the last part of the OFDM symbol is copied and inserted at the beginning of the OFDM symbol. Orthogonality between subcarriers is protected by reducing signal dispersion on the time axis (temporal dispersion) and inter-carrier interference inserted through the CP. Figure 6A shows the case where the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) size is assumed to be 4096, and the number of CPs represents the number of samples (samples can be understood as resources for a predetermined time unit).

[0100] When the SCS is 15 kHz (represented by reference numeral 600), 7 OFDM symbols are included within 0.5 ms, where the cyclic prefix (CP) of the first symbol 602 is longer than the CP of the other symbols. This is because the number of time units per slot is not divided by the number of symbols, so the CP length of the first symbol is increased to accommodate the 1 ms slot length. When the SCS is 30 kHz (represented by reference numeral 610), 14 OFDM symbols are included within 0.5 ms, where the CP of the first symbol 612 is longer than the CP of the other symbols. This is because the first OFDM symbol 602 at 0.5 ms of the 15 kHz SCS is determined to achieve time synchronization with the first OFDM symbol 612 and the second OFDM symbol 614 at 0.5 ms of the 30 kHz SCS. That is, the length of the first symbol 602 at 0.5 ms of the 15 kHz SCS is equal to the sum of the lengths of the first symbol 612 and the second symbol 614 at 0.5 ms of the 30 kHz SCS.

[0101] When the SCS is 60 kHz (indicated by reference numeral 620), 28 OFDM symbols are included within 0.5 ms, where the CP length of the first symbol 622 is longer than the CP lengths of the other symbols. This is because the first OFDM symbol 602 at 0.5 ms of the 15 kHz SCS is determined to achieve time synchronization with the first OFDM symbol 622, the second OFDM symbol 624, the third OFDM symbol 626, and the fourth OFDM symbol 628 at 0.5 ms of the 60 kHz SCS.

[0102] Similarly, when the SCS is 120 kHz (indicated by reference numeral 630), 56 OFDM symbols are included within 0.5 ms, and the CP of the first symbol 632 is longer than the CPs of the other symbols in 0.5 ms. Furthermore, the first OFDM symbol 602 at 0.5 ms of the 15 kHz SCS is time-synchronized with the first OFDM symbol 632, and this synchronization continues until the eighth OFDM symbol at 0.5 ms of the 120 kHz SCS.

[0103] Figure 6B shows an example of symbol length when the SCS is extended. When the SCS is 15 kHz, T1650 is the length of the first OFDM symbol out of seven OFDM symbols with a 0.5 ms boundary, while when the SCS is 15 kHz, T652 is the length of the second and subsequent OFDM symbols.

[0104] Figure 7 This shows when the SCS is extended to 15kHz x 2 n Examples of OFDM symbols are given. For instance, with n = 8, 256 time slots are included within 1 ms (indicated by reference numeral 700), and 128 time slots are included within 0.5 ms. The length of the first time slot 710 in the 0.5 ms time slot is 3.9 μs, which includes 14 OFDM symbols. In this case, the first OFDM symbol 720 of the first time slot 710 includes a CP 722 of 539.1 ns and an effective symbol length 724 of 260.4 ns. That is, CP 722 occupies 67.4% of the length in the first OFDM symbol 720. On the other hand, the second OFDM symbol 730 includes a CP 732 of 18.3 ns and an effective symbol length 734 of 260.4 ns, and in this case, CP 732 occupies 6.57%.

[0105] Table 8 shows the percentage of CP (CP overhead) in the first symbol based on the 0.5ms time unit of each SCS.

[0106] [Table 8]

[0107] As can be seen from the table above, when the SCS is n = 5 or greater and can be used in terahertz or higher communication systems, the proportion of CP in the first symbol is high. This disclosure proposes a method to reduce excessive CP overhead and make efficient use of the first symbol.

[0108] Figure 8A illustrates an example of the structure of the first symbol every 0.5 ms according to the present invention. Assuming that CP802 constituting the general symbol and effective symbol (or data) 804 exist in the first symbol, there may be residual samples, such as a reference quantity 800. Table 9 is a table describing the number of residual samples according to the SCS. Table 9 below describes the case of SCS with n = 5 or greater that can be used in systems exceeding 5G.

[0109] [Table 9]

[0110] The first method is to allocate an additional X symbols to the remaining samples of the first symbol every 0.5 ms. For one OFDM symbol transmission, 548 minimum samples are required, which is the sum of the 36 samples from the CP and the 512 samples from the valid symbol. For example, with n = 8, the number of remaining samples is 1024, thus enough to allocate one OFDM symbol. Table 10 below describes the number of additional symbols that can be allocated based on the SCS.

[0111] [Table 10]

[0112] Table 10 assumes that the number of samples assigned to the valid symbol portion of a symbol is 512, but the number of samples can be easily extended to 1024, 2048, and 4096.

[0113] According to Table 10, it can be seen that a maximum of one additional symbol can be assigned when n = 8, a maximum of three additional symbols can be assigned when n = 9, and a maximum of seven additional symbols can be assigned when n = 10. However, this disclosure is not limited to these limits. The number of symbols assigned can vary. For example, when n = 10, seven or fewer additional symbols can be assigned.

[0114] Figure 8B shows the 152 kHz Х2 of the SCS according to this disclosure. n Example of time slot and symbol structure in the time domain for the case of (n >= 8). According to Figure 8B, 2 slots are allocated every 0.5 ms in the same manner as the design principles of NR systems. n-1 One time slot. Furthermore, 14 symbols 880 are allocated to time slot k (1 ≤ k ≤ 2) in the same manner as the NR system. n-1-1)860, while according to this disclosure, X additional symbols are allocated to time slot 0 850, and thus a total of (14 + X) symbols 870 can be allocated. Furthermore, the remaining samples after allocating X additional symbols can be used for CP, and for example, the CP of the first symbol can be extended to provide a number of remaining samples many times over.

[0115] Figure 9 An example of operations performed by the base station when allocating additional symbols is shown. First, the base station can send information about the number of additional symbols (e.g., X) to be allocated via RRC signaling (Radio Resource Control signaling or higher-level signaling), Master Information Block (MIB), System Information Block (SIB) (which can be used interchangeably with System Information Block), etc. The additional symbol quantity information can directly indicate the X value, or indirectly indicate the X value through flags, bitmaps, etc., and this additional symbol quantity information can indicate the X value according to each SCS (Operation 900). Alternatively, when implementing the base station, the X value can also be pre-configured based on the value of n, or the X value can be defined in the standard. Alternatively, the base station may not signal the X value, and the terminal may have to blindly detect whether additional symbols have been allocated. In these cases, Operation 900 can be omitted. The base station performs the process of determining the transport block size, (data) scheduling, resource allocation, etc., by considering allocating a total of (14 + X) symbols, including X additional symbols, to the first time slot every 0.5 ms (Operation 910). The base station can send control information to the terminal, including, for example, data allocation information, and the data allocation information can indicate resources including additionally allocated symbols. The base station maps data to additional symbols and sends the data to the terminal (operation 920). Alternatively, the base station can receive data from the terminal via additional symbols. Each of the above operations is merely an example, and this embodiment can be performed by changing the order, omitting one or more described operations, or adding undescribed operations.

[0116] Figure 10An example of operations performed by a terminal when allocating additional symbols is shown. The terminal can obtain additional symbol quantity information (e.g., X) through signaling from the base station. For example, the additional symbol quantity information can be obtained through RRC signaling, MIB, SIB, etc. The additional symbol quantity information can directly indicate the X value, or indirectly indicate the X value through flags, bitmaps, etc., and can indicate the X value according to each SCS. Alternatively, when implementing the terminal, the additional symbol quantity X information can be pre-configured according to the n value, or the X value can be defined in the standard. Alternatively, the terminal can blindly detect whether additional symbols have been allocated and obtain the X value. In this way, if information about the n value is obtained, the terminal can obtain the corresponding X information (operation 1000). Thereafter, the terminal can receive control information from the base station, such as data allocation information, and the data allocation information can indicate resources including additional allocated symbols. Thereafter, the terminal receives data allocated to (14 + X) symbols in time slot 0 (which is the first time slot) every 0.5 ms (operation 1010). In this case, the terminal can perform demapping of data symbols from the additionally allocated symbols. Alternatively, the terminal may transmit data to the base station using (14 + X) symbols in time slot 0. Each of the above operations is merely an example, and this embodiment can be performed by changing their order, omitting one or more described operations, or adding undescribed operations.

[0117] The additional symbols located every 0.5ms in the first time slot can be placed at the beginning of the time slot or at a predetermined position within the time slot. For example, the additional symbols can be located at the end of the time slot or after the first symbol. The position of the additional symbols is predetermined, or the terminal can obtain the same position through RRC signaling, MIB, SIB, etc. sent by the base station.

[0118] Table 11 shows the number of samples that still satisfy 0.5ms alignment after allocating X additional symbols to the first time slot every 0.5ms.

[0119] [Table 11]

[0120] For example, with n = 8, X (X = 1) additional symbols are allocated to the first time slot every 0.5 ms, after which a total of 476 samples remain. Efficient resource utilization can be achieved by sending additional sequences using these remaining samples. This method can be used alone or in conjunction with the example of additional symbol allocation described above. Figure 11 An example frame structure using the remaining samples every 0.5ms as a complementary sequence is shown. Time slot k (1 ≤ k ≤ 2) n-1The structure of -1) is the same as that of existing NR systems, where one time slot is allocated 14 symbols. However, in this disclosure, X additional symbols are allocated to the first time slot 0 1100 every 0.5 ms, and thus includes a total of (14 + X) symbols. A method is proposed to transmit or receive complementary sequences using the remaining Y samples 1110. The complementary sequence can be transmitted or received using the earliest resources every 0.5 ms. For example, as shown in Table 11, with n = 8, a complementary sequence of length 476 samples can be transmitted every 0.5 ms. Furthermore, depending on the value of SCS, the number of samples used in the complementary sequence does not necessarily use all remaining samples (after the allocation of additional symbols or when no additional symbols are allocated) and can be less than the number of remaining samples described in Table 11. In this case, the length of the CP for a particular symbol can be increased. For example, the length of the CP of the first symbol included in the time slot can be increased.

[0121] Complementary sequences can be used for system information transmission or control information transmission at a base station, or for uplink control information transmission at a terminal. For example, a complementary sequence can indicate at least one piece of information included in a MIB or SIB. For instance, a complementary sequence can include system frame number information, information related to the control channel used to receive SIB1, or a portion thereof during downlink transmission. When transmitting a complementary sequence via the uplink, the complementary sequence can include a scheduling request for downlink data (or information requesting resource allocation from the base station to transmit uplink data) or ACK / NACK information. Furthermore, the complementary sequence can be, for example, a Zadoff-Chu sequence or a Hadamard sequence, where each row of the Hadamard matrix constitutes the sequence. For example, when using a Zadoff-Chu sequence, the value at the nth position of the root sequence of u in the Zadoff-Chu sequence can be equal to... c f = N ZC mod 2, N ZC The value corresponds to the length of the sequence, and q corresponds to the cyclic shift value. In this case, the information indicated by each complementary sequence can be indicated by using the values ​​of u and q.

[0122] For example, complementary sequences can be generated by the transmitting terminal based on a specific amount of information, and similarly, the receiving terminal can generate possible sequences based on a specific amount of information, and receive sequences sent by the transmitting terminal to determine their correlation in the time domain, and determine that the sequence showing the highest correlation is sent by the transmitting terminal.

[0123] Complementary sequences can be assigned to samples from the first sample in the first time slot up to the additional symbol at every 0.5ms boundary, or to samples at predetermined positions within the first time slot. For example, complementary sequences can also be assigned before predetermined symbols (e.g., the first symbol) or in the last part of the first time slot. The position of the complementary sequence is predetermined, or the terminal can obtain the complementary sequence via RRC signaling, MIB, SIB, etc., sent by the base station.

[0124] Figure 12 An example of base station operation is shown when complementary sequences are sent / received every 0.5 ms based on the value of n. First, the base station determines the length of the complementary sequence based on the n value of the SCS and matches each complementary sequence with the system information to be sent. Here, the system information can be part of the MIB or SIB. The base station shares the mapping relationship between each complementary sequence and the corresponding system information with the terminal via RRC signaling, MIB, or SIB, or the mapping relationship can be pre-configured or determined in the standard. In this case, separate signaling may not be required (Operation 1200). Subsequently, the base station notifies the terminal of the information regarding the transmission of complementary sequences via RRC signaling, MIB, SIB, etc., or whether to send a report sequence can be pre-configured or determined in the standard. In this case, the information indicating whether to send a complementary sequence can be sent via signaling, such as information indicating whether to allocate additional symbols. Alternatively, even if the base station does not notify whether a complementary sequence has been sent, the terminal can blindly detect whether a complementary sequence has been sent. In this case, the signaling indicating that a report sequence has been sent can be omitted (Operation 1210). Subsequently, the base station generates a complementary sequence of length Y samples based on the value of n and the remaining samples every 0.5ms (operation 1220). The base station first transmits the complementary sequence from the samples at every 0.5ms boundary (or time resource) (operation 1230). Alternatively, the terminal may first transmit the complementary sequence from the samples at every 0.5ms boundary, and may generate the complementary sequence based on specific information in the uplink control information sent by the terminal to the base station.

[0125] Figure 13An example of terminal operation is shown when a complementary sequence is sent / received every 0.5 ms based on a value of n. For example, the terminal identifies the value of n via MIB or based on the transmission band and obtains the length of the corresponding complementary sequence, the type of the transmitted complementary sequence, and the mapping information between system information and the type of the transmitted complementary sequence (Operation 1300). This acquisition is possible via RRC signaling, MIB, SIB, etc. Alternatively, the mapping information can be pre-configured or determined in a standard. The terminal can identify whether the complementary sequence is sent via MIB, SIB, or via separate signaling such as RRC signaling, or via a pre-configuration process; or it can detect blindly whether the complementary sequence is sent via MIB, SIB, or via separate signaling such as RRC signaling, or via a pre-configuration process. In this case, information indicating whether a complementary sequence is sent can be received via signaling, such as information indicating whether additional symbols are allocated. Here, blind detection corresponds to calculating the correlation between the complementary sequence known to the terminal and the received sequence, and determining that the complementary sequence is sent when the correlation is greater than or equal to a certain threshold. Alternatively, the standard may determine whether to transmit a complementary sequence (operation 1310). Thereafter, by identifying the complementary sequence as corresponding to a specific number of samples, the terminal receives a predetermined number of samples at each 0.5ms boundary based on the value of n (operation 1320). The terminal selects the complementary sequence with the highest correlation by obtaining the correlation between the received samples and the predetermined complementary sequence (operation 1330). Subsequently, the terminal obtains the system information corresponding to the complementary sequence with the highest correlation through the mapping relationship between system information and complementary sequences (operation 1340).

[0126] Figure 14 An example of the assignment based on the additional and complementary symbols for each SCS is shown. Figure 14 When n = 8, one additional symbol can be assigned to slot 0 (denoted by reference numeral 1400). In this case, the number of remaining samples 1402 can be 1024, 476 samples can be assigned to complementary sequence 1404, and 548 samples can be assigned to additional symbol 1406. When n = 9, three additional symbols can be assigned to slot 0 (denoted by reference numeral 1410). Here, the number of remaining samples 1412 is 2048, 404 samples can be assigned to complementary sequence 1413, and 548 samples can be assigned to each of additional symbols 1414, 1415, and 1416. Alternatively, when no complementary sequence is assigned, 684, 682, and 682 samples can be assigned to additional symbols 1417, 1418, and 1419, respectively. In this case, the length of the CP in each additional symbol can be increased.

[0127] With n = 10, seven additional symbols can be assigned to slot 0 (denoted by reference numeral 1420). In this case, the number of remaining samples 1422 can be 4096, with 206 samples assigned to complementary sequences 1424 and 548 samples assigned to each of the seven additional symbols 1426. Alternatively, when no complementary sequences are assigned, 586, 585, 585, 585, 585, 585, and 585 samples can be assigned to the seven additional symbols 1428, respectively. Figure 14 The number of complementary sequences and additional symbols shown is merely an example, and this disclosure is not limited to a specific number of samples.

[0128] Furthermore, complementary sequences can be generated by maintaining the same sample rate as the effective symbol portion. For example, when the FFT size is 1024 and 600 modulation symbols are input to the IFFT portion, the channel bandwidth becomes Δf × 600 (Δf = SCS). Additionally, since the effective symbols are OFDM symbols, the effective symbol length becomes T = 1 / Δf. If the number of samples used in the complementary sequence is 128, which corresponds to T / 8, then the length of the complementary sequence is also 600 / 8 = 75, and a complementary sequence with a length of 75 can be input to the IFFT portion. In this case, the channel bandwidth is 8Δf × 75, which can be equal to the channel bandwidth of the effective symbol portion.

[0129] Below, a new frame structure, different from the frame structure used in LTE or NR systems, is proposed. Specifically, this disclosure proposes the following conditions for designing the new frame structure and presents frame structures that satisfy all or some of each condition.

[0130] Condition A corresponds to the following condition: SCS , l ≥ 0 integers ,or Where l, m, and n are restricted to integers greater than or equal to 0. This is obtained by taking into account the phase-locked loop (PLL) clock multiplication, but this disclosure is not limited thereto. Furthermore, the SCS is selected in the range of 2.8 MHz to 3.4 MHz by taking into account phase noise.

[0131] Condition B corresponds to the slot alignment condition, and is the condition that the slot length configured by symbols with standard CP and the slot length configured by symbols with extended CP (which can be obtained by taking into account communication environments with potentially longer delays) should be the same. Figure 15 An example of time slot alignment is shown. According to Figure 15When M symbols with standard CP are included in a time slot (indicated by reference numeral 1500) and N symbols with extended CP are included in a time slot (indicated by reference numeral 1510), the time slot lengths are the same. In this case, it is necessary to satisfy M × (length of standard CP + length of effective symbols) = N × (length of extended CP + length of effective symbols).

[0132] Condition C corresponds to the same CP condition for all symbols.

[0133] Condition D corresponds to the condition of precisely packing multiple time slots within 1 ms. In other words, this condition means that the sum of the lengths of the multiple time slots becomes 1 ms.

[0134] Figure 16 An example of a frame structure that satisfies conditions A, B, and C is shown, where condition A satisfies the SCS. integers l ≥ 0, and . Figure 16 An example of a frame structure is shown, in which the SCS is selected in the range of 2.7MHz to 3.4MHz according to condition A, the standard CP length is selected in the range of 20ns to 24ns, and the extended CP length is selected in the range of 40ns to 50ns, while simultaneously satisfying conditions B and C. Figure 16 Given that the SCS satisfies conditions A, B, and C, and considering the standard CP and its extended CP, the diagram shows the symbol length, effective symbol length, length of the standard CP and extended CP, overhead of the standard CP, overhead of the extended CP, number of symbols per slot, and slot length when using the standard CP and extended CP. By assuming the FFT size is 512, i.e., the number of effective symbol samples is 512, the following is obtained: Figure 16 The number of samples described herein is not limited to this example.

[0135] For example, when the SCS is 2880kHz, the symbol length including the standard CP can be 3.69. 10 -7 s, and the length of the symbols including the extended CP can be 3.91 10 -7 s, and the length of a valid symbol within a symbol can be 3.47. 10 -7 In this case, the length of a standard CP can be 2.17. 10 -8 s, while the length of the extended CP can be 4.34. 10 -8Here, 18 symbols with a standard CP can be included in one time slot, 17 symbols with an extended CP can be included within it, and the time slot length can be 6.64. 10 -6 s.

[0136] Base stations and terminals can send or receive signals based on this frame structure.

[0137] Figure 17 An example of a frame structure that satisfies conditions A, B, C, and D is shown, where condition A satisfies the SCS. Integers 1 ≥ 0, and . Figure 17 An example of a frame structure is shown, in which the SCS is selected in the range of 2.6MHz to 3.0MHz according to condition A, the length of the standard CP is selected in the range of 20ns to 24ns, and the length of the extended CP is selected in the range of 40ns to 50ns, while simultaneously satisfying conditions B, C, and D. Figure 17 Under the condition that SCS satisfies the above conditions A, B, C, and D, and considering the standard CP and its extended CP, the following are shown: number of symbols per slot, number of slots within 1 ms, slot length, symbol length of the standard CP and extended CP, length of effective symbols, number of samples of the standard CP and extended CP, overhead of the standard CP, and overhead of the extended CP. By assuming the FFT size is 512, i.e., the number of effective symbol samples is 512, the following are obtained: Figure 17 The sample size described herein is not limited to this example.

[0138] Base stations and terminals can send or receive signals based on this frame structure.

[0139] Figure 18 An example of a frame structure that satisfies conditions A, C, and D is shown, where condition A satisfies SCS. Furthermore, l, m, and n are restricted to integers greater than or equal to 0. Figure 18 An example of a frame structure is shown, where the SCS is selected in the range of 2.4MHz to 4.1MHz under condition A, and the length of the standard CP is selected in the range of 15ns to 70ns, with the number of symbols per slot satisfying 9, while simultaneously satisfying conditions C and D. According to Figure 18 SCSs satisfy the above conditions A, C, and D, showing the number of time slots packed within 1 ms for each SCS, the number of CP samples, the length of the symbol including the CP, the length of the effective symbol, and the length of the CP. By assuming the FFT size is 512, i.e., the number of effective symbol samples is 512, we obtain... Figure 18 The sample size described herein is not limited to this example.

[0140] Base stations and terminals can send or receive signals based on this frame structure. Figure 19 Another example of a frame structure that satisfies conditions A, C, and D is shown, where condition A satisfies SCS. Furthermore, l, m, and n are restricted to integers greater than or equal to 0. Figure 19 An example of a frame structure is shown, in which the SCS is selected in the range of 2.4MHz to 4.1MHz according to condition A, and the length of the standard CP is selected in the range of 15ns to 70ns, and the number of symbols per slot satisfies 10, while simultaneously satisfying conditions C and D. Figure 19 SCSs satisfy the above conditions A, C, and D, showing the number of time slots packed within 1 ms for each SCS, the number of CP samples, the length of the symbol including the CP, the length of the effective symbol, and the length of the CP. By assuming the FFT size is 512, i.e., the number of effective symbol samples is 512, we obtain... Figure 19 The sample size described herein is not limited to this example.

[0141] Base stations and terminals can send or receive signals based on this frame structure.

[0142] Figure 20 Another example of a frame structure that satisfies conditions A, C, and D is shown, where condition A satisfies SCS. Furthermore, l, m, and n are restricted to integers greater than or equal to 0. Figure 20 An example of a frame structure is shown, in which the SCS is selected in the range of 2.4MHz to 4.1MHz according to condition A, and the length of the standard CP is selected in the range of 15ns to 70ns, and the number of symbols per slot satisfies 12, while simultaneously satisfying conditions C and D. Figure 20 SCSs satisfy the above conditions A, C, and D, showing the number of time slots packed within 1 ms for each SCS, the number of CP samples, the length of the symbol including the CP, the length of the effective symbol, and the length of the CP. By assuming the FFT size is 512, i.e., the number of effective symbol samples is 512, we obtain... Figure 20 The sample size described herein is not limited to this example.

[0143] Base stations and terminals can send or receive signals based on this frame structure.

[0144] Figure 21 Another example of a frame structure that satisfies conditions A, C, and D is shown, where condition A satisfies SCS. Furthermore, l, m, and n are restricted to integers greater than or equal to 0. Figure 21An example of a frame structure is shown, in which the SCS is selected in the range of 2.4MHz to 4.5MHz according to condition A, and the length of the standard CP is selected in the range of 15 to 70ns, and the number of symbols per slot satisfies 15, while simultaneously satisfying conditions C and D. Figure 21 For SCSs satisfying conditions A, C, and D above, the number of time slots packed within 1 ms is calculated for each SCS. The sample size of the CP is shown, including the length of the CP symbol, the length of the effective symbol, and the length of the CP. By assuming the FFT size is 512, i.e., the number of effective symbol samples is 512, the following is obtained: Figure 21 The number of samples described herein is not limited to this example.

[0145] Base stations and terminals can send or receive signals based on this frame structure.

[0146] Figure 22 Another example of a frame structure that satisfies conditions A, C, and D is shown, where condition A satisfies SCS. Furthermore, l, m, and n are restricted to integers greater than or equal to 0. Figure 22 An example of a frame structure is shown, in which the SCS is selected in the range of 2.4MHz to 4.5MHz according to condition A, and the length of the standard CP is selected in the range of 15ns to 70ns, and the number of symbols per slot satisfies 16, while simultaneously satisfying conditions C and D. Figure 22 SCSs satisfy the above conditions A, C, and D, showing the number of time slots packed within 1 ms for each SCS, the number of CP samples, the length of the symbol including the CP, the length of the effective symbol, and the length of the CP. By assuming the FFT size is 512, i.e., the number of effective symbol samples is 512, we obtain... Figure 22 The number of samples described herein is not limited to this example.

[0147] Base stations and terminals can send or receive signals based on this frame structure.

[0148] Figure 23 Another example of a frame structure that satisfies conditions A, C, and D is shown, where condition A satisfies SCS. Furthermore, l, m, and n are restricted to integers greater than or equal to 0. Figure 23 An example of a frame structure is shown, in which the SCS is selected in the range of 2.4MHz to 4.5MHz according to condition A, and the length of the standard CP is selected in the range of 15ns to 70ns, and the number of symbols per slot satisfies 18, while simultaneously satisfying conditions C and D. Figure 23SCSs satisfy the above conditions A, C, and D, showing the number of time slots packed within 1ms for each SCS, the number of CP samples, the length of the symbol including the CP, the length of the effective symbol, and the length of the CP. By assuming the FFT size is 512, i.e., the number of effective symbol samples is 512, we obtain... Figure 23 The sample size described herein is not limited to this example.

[0149] Base stations and terminals can send or receive signals based on this frame structure.

[0150] Figure 24 This illustrates another example of a frame structure that satisfies conditions A, C, and D, where condition A satisfies SCS. Furthermore, l, m, and n are restricted to integers greater than or equal to 0. Figure 24 An example of a frame structure is shown, in which the SCS is selected in the range of 2.4MHz to 4.5MHz according to condition A, and the length of the standard CP is selected in the range of 15 to 70ns, and the number of symbols per slot satisfies 20, while simultaneously satisfying conditions C and D. Figure 21 SCSs satisfy the above conditions A, C, and D, showing the number of time slots packed within 1 ms for each SCS, the number of CP samples, the length of the symbol including the CP, the length of the effective symbol, and the length of the CP. By assuming the FFT size is 512, i.e., the number of effective symbol samples is 512, we obtain... Figure 24 The sample size described herein is not limited to this example.

[0151] Base stations and terminals can send or receive signals based on this frame structure.

[0152] In order to implement the above embodiments of this disclosure, in Figure 25 and Figure 26 The transmitter, receiver, and controller of the terminal and base station are shown respectively. A method for transmission or reception by the base station and terminal is shown to apply the method of transmitting or receiving downlink control channels and data channels in a communication system corresponding to the above embodiments. In order to perform the above method, the transmitter, receiver, and processor of the base station and terminal shall each operate according to the embodiments.

[0153] Specifically, Figure 25 This is a block diagram illustrating the internal structure of a terminal according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. (As shown...) Figure 25 As shown, the terminal disclosed herein may include a terminal processor 2501, a receiver 2502, and a transmitter 2503.

[0154] Terminal processor 2501 can be configured to control a series of processes enabling the terminal to operate according to the embodiments of the present disclosure described above. For example, terminal processor 2501 can be configured to perform control to receive and decode symbols additionally allocated and transmitted by a base station according to embodiments of the present disclosure, and to identify system information by receiving and recognizing complementary sequences. In embodiments of the present disclosure, terminal receiver 2502 and terminal transmitter 2503 can be collectively referred to as transceivers. Transceivers can transmit / receive signals to / from a base station. These signals may include control information and data. For this purpose, transceivers may include an RF transmitter configured to up-convert and amplify the frequency of the transmitted signal, and an RF receiver configured to amplify the received signal with low noise and down-convert its frequency. Furthermore, transceivers can be configured to receive signals via a wireless channel, output the received signals to terminal processor 2501, and transmit signals output from terminal processor 2501 via a wireless channel.

[0155] Figure 26 This is a block diagram illustrating the internal structure of a base station according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 26 As shown, the base station disclosed herein may include a base station processor 2601, a receiver 2602, and a transmitter 2603.

[0156] The base station processor 2601 can be configured to control a series of processes that enable the base station to operate according to the embodiments described above according to the present invention. For example, the base station processor 2601 can be configured to perform control to transmit signals using X additional symbols allocated to a first time slot every 0.5 ms according to the value of n, and / or to transmit necessary information to the terminal by defining system information corresponding to a complementary sequence and transmitting the complementary sequence in Y samples before the additionally allocated symbols, according to embodiments of the present invention. In embodiments of this disclosure, the base station receiver 2602 and the base station transmitter 2603 can be collectively referred to as transceivers. The transceivers can send / receive signals to / from the terminal. The signals may include control information and data. For this purpose, the transceivers may include an RF transmitter configured to up-convert and amplify the frequency of the transmitted signal, and an RF receiver configured to amplify the received signal with low noise and down-convert its frequency. Furthermore, the transceivers may be configured to receive signals via a wireless channel and output the received signals to the base station processor 2601, and transmit signals output from the base station processor 2601 via a wireless channel.

[0157] The embodiments of this disclosure described and illustrated in the specification and drawings are merely specific examples presented to readily explain the technical content of this disclosure and aid in understanding it, and are not intended to limit the scope of this disclosure. That is, those skilled in the art will understand that other variations based on the technical ideas of this disclosure can be implemented. Furthermore, the various embodiments described above can be combined as needed.

Claims

1. A method performed by a base station of a communication system, the method comprising: identifying a subcarrier spacing at which a signal is to be transmitted to or received from the terminal, wherein the subcarrier spacing is 15 x 2 n kHz, and n is an integer greater than or equal to 8; The terminal is sent a signal, the signal including information indicating whether one or more additional symbols have been assigned or at least one of the number of the one or more additional symbols associated with the identified subcarrier spacing; Data allocation information generated based on the allocation of the one or more additional symbols; as well as Send the data allocation information and the data to the terminal; Wherein, the one or more additional symbols are assigned to the remaining samples in the first time slot, which lasts for 0.5 ms. Wherein, the remaining samples are defined as the difference between the total samples available during the 0.5ms duration under the identified subcarrier interval and the total samples corresponding to the 14 valid symbols per time slot and their respective cyclic prefixes for all time slots during the 0.5ms duration, and The first symbol of the first time slot includes one or more additional symbols, a cyclic prefix, and a valid symbol.

2. The method as described in claim 1, wherein, The number of the one or more additional symbols is based on the subcarrier spacing. wherein if the subcarrier spacing is 15 x 2 n kHz and n is 8, then the number of additional symbols is at most 1, wherein if the subcarrier spacing is 15 x 2 n kHz and n is 9, then the number of additional symbols is at most 3, wherein the number of additional symbols is at most 7 if the subcarrier spacing is 15 x 2 n kHz and n is 10.

3. The method of claim 1, further comprising: Send a signal to the terminal, the signal including information indicating at least one of sending a complementary sequence or a mapping relationship between the complementary sequence and information included in the complementary sequence; The complementary sequence is located at the sample from the first sample in the first time slot of every 0.5ms duration to the sample before the additional symbol, or at a predetermined position based on the 0.5ms duration.

4. The method of claim 3, further comprising: Identify the control information to be sent to the terminal; Generate the complementary sequence corresponding to the control information; as well as Send the complementary sequence.

5. A method executed by a terminal of a communication system, the method comprising: identifying a subcarrier spacing to transmit signals to or receive signals from a base station, wherein the subcarrier spacing is 15 x 2 n kHz, and n is an integer greater than or equal to 8; The base station receives a signal, the signal including information indicating whether one or more additional symbols have been allocated or at least one of the number of the one or more additional symbols based on the identified subcarrier spacing; Data allocation information received from the base station; as well as Based on the data allocation information, data about the one or more additional symbols is received from the base station. Wherein, the one or more additional symbols are assigned to the remaining samples in the first time slot, which lasts for 0.5 ms. Wherein, the remaining samples are defined as the difference between the total samples available during the 0.5ms duration under the identified subcarrier interval and the total samples corresponding to the 14 valid symbols per time slot and their respective cyclic prefixes for all time slots during the 0.5ms duration, and The first symbol of the first time slot includes one or more additional symbols, a cyclic prefix, and a valid symbol.

6. The method of claim 5, wherein, The number of the one or more additional symbols is based on the subcarrier spacing. wherein if the subcarrier spacing is 15 x 2 n kHz and n is 8, then the number of additional symbols is at most 1, wherein if the subcarrier spacing is 15 x 2 n kHz and n is 9, then the number of additional symbols is at most 3, wherein if the subcarrier spacing is 15 x 2 n kHz and n is 10, then the number of additional symbols is at most 7.

7. The method of claim 5, further comprising: The base station receives a signal, the signal including information indicating at least one of whether to transmit a complementary sequence or a mapping relationship between the complementary sequence and information included in the complementary sequence. The complementary sequence is located at the sample from the first sample in the first time slot of every 0.5ms duration to the sample before the additional symbol, or at a predetermined position based on the 0.5ms duration.

8. The method of claim 7, further comprising: Receive the complementary sequence; Identify the correlation between multiple sequences and the complementary sequence; as well as Identify the control information corresponding to the sequence with the highest correlation from the identified correlations.

9. A base station for a communication system, the base station comprising: transceiver; as well as The controller is configured as follows: identifying a subcarrier spacing at which a signal is to be transmitted to or received from the terminal, wherein the subcarrier spacing is 15 x 2 n kHz, and n is an integer greater than or equal to 8, The terminal is sent a signal including information indicating whether one or more additional symbols have been allocated, or at least one of the number of said one or more additional symbols associated with the identified subcarrier spacing. Data allocation information generated based on the allocation of the one or more additional symbols, and Send the data allocation information and the data to the terminal. Wherein, the one or more additional symbols are assigned to the remaining samples in the first time slot, which lasts for 0.5 ms. Wherein, the remaining samples are defined as the difference between the total samples available during the 0.5ms duration under the identified subcarrier interval and the total samples corresponding to the 14 valid symbols per time slot and their respective cyclic prefixes for all time slots during the 0.5ms duration, and The first symbol of the first time slot includes one or more additional symbols, a cyclic prefix, and a valid symbol.

10. The base station as described in claim 9, wherein, The number of the one or more additional symbols is based on the subcarrier spacing. Wherein, if the subcarrier spacing is 15 × 2 n If kHz and n is 8, then the number of additional symbols is at most 1. Wherein, if the subcarrier spacing is 15 × 2 n If kHz and n is 9, then the number of additional symbols is at most 3. Wherein, if the subcarrier spacing is 15 × 2 n If kHz and n is 10, then the number of the additional symbols is at most 7.

11. The base station as described in claim 9, wherein, The controller is further configured as follows: The terminal is sent a signal, the signal including information indicating at least one of whether to send a complementary sequence or a mapping relationship between the complementary sequence and information included in the complementary sequence. The complementary sequence is located at the sample from the first sample in the first time slot of every 0.5ms duration to the sample before the additional symbol, or at a predetermined position based on the 0.5ms duration.

12. The base station as claimed in claim 11, wherein, The controller is further configured to: identify control information to be sent to the terminal, generate the complementary sequence corresponding to the control information, and send the complementary sequence.

13. A terminal of a communication system, the terminal comprising: transceiver; as well as The controller is configured as follows: Identify the subcarrier spacing for transmitting or receiving signals from a base station, wherein the subcarrier spacing is 15×2. n kHz, and n is an integer greater than or equal to 8. Signals are received from the base station, the signals including information indicating whether one or more additional symbols have been allocated, or at least the number of said one or more additional symbols based on the identified subcarrier spacing. Receive data allocation information from the base station, and Based on the data allocation information, data about the one or more additional symbols is received from the base station. Wherein, the one or more additional symbols are assigned to the remaining samples in the first time slot, which lasts for 0.5 ms. Wherein, the remaining samples are defined as the difference between the total samples available during the 0.5ms duration under the identified subcarrier interval and the total samples corresponding to the 14 valid symbols per time slot and their respective cyclic prefixes for all time slots during the 0.5ms duration, and The first symbol of the first time slot includes one or more additional symbols, a cyclic prefix, and a valid symbol.

14. The terminal as claimed in claim 13, wherein, The number of the one or more additional symbols is based on the subcarrier spacing. Wherein, if the subcarrier spacing is 15 × 2 n If kHz and n is 8, then the number of additional symbols is at most 1. Wherein, if the subcarrier spacing is 15 × 2 n If kHz and n is 9, then the number of additional symbols is at most 3. Wherein, if the subcarrier spacing is 15 × 2 n If kHz and n is 10, then the number of the additional symbols is at most 7.

15. The terminal as claimed in claim 13, wherein, The controller is further configured as follows: The base station receives a signal, the signal including information indicating whether to transmit a complementary sequence or at least one of the mapping relationship between the complementary sequence and information included in the complementary sequence, wherein the complementary sequence is located at a sample from the first sample of a first time slot with a duration of 0.5 ms to a sample before the additional symbol, or at a predetermined position based on the duration of the 0.5 ms.

16. The terminal according to claim 15, wherein, The controller is further configured as follows: Receive the complementary sequence, Identify the correlation between multiple sequences and the complementary sequence, and Identify the control information corresponding to the sequence with the highest correlation from the identified correlations.

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