A fast rise time and high voltage high impedance pulse voltage divider

Abstract

The application provides a pulse voltage divider with fast rise time, high voltage and high impedance, comprising a high-voltage input end, a coaxial transmission cable and a low-voltage compensation end connected in sequence; the high-voltage input end comprises at least one non-inductive resistor Rt'', and a capacitor Cp connected in parallel to both ends of the non-inductive resistor Rt'', one end of the non-inductive resistor Rt'' is connected with a non-inductive resistor Rt' and an input end, and the other end is connected with one end of a magnetic bead Zb, the other end of the magnetic bead Zb is connected with the coaxial transmission cable and a ground capacitor Cg connected with the ground respectively; the low-voltage compensation end comprises a direct-current conditioning circuit, a high-frequency conditioning circuit and a low-frequency conditioning circuit, the direct-current conditioning circuit is used for adjusting a direct-current attenuation ratio, the high-frequency conditioning circuit is used for adjusting an attenuation ratio and an output flatness of a pulse input signal between nanoseconds and microseconds, and the low-frequency conditioning circuit is used for adjusting an attenuation ratio and an output flatness of a pulse input signal between microseconds and milliseconds; the application has the advantages of fast rise time, high voltage, high impedance and simple calibration compensation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of pulse voltage divider technology, specifically relating to a pulse voltage divider with fast rise time, high voltage and high impedance. Background Technology

[0002] The main function of a pulse divider is to divide high-voltage pulses into low-voltage pulse signals. This component is widely used in the field of electronics, especially in high-voltage circuits. It can effectively protect other components in the circuit and improve the stability and reliability of the circuit.

[0003] A pulse divider is a series circuit consisting of multiple resistors and capacitors. When a high-voltage pulse signal enters the pulse divider, it is divided into multiple low-voltage pulse signals. The amplitude and width of these signals will vary depending on the resistors and capacitors. In this process, the role of the resistors and capacitors is to decompose the high-voltage pulse signal into multiple low-voltage pulse signals and ensure that the amplitude and width of each pulse signal meet the design requirements.

[0004] However, existing pulse dividers have slow rise times and cannot efficiently and accurately decompose high-voltage signals into low-voltage pulse signals. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides a pulse voltage divider with fast rise time, high voltage and high impedance, which has the advantages of fast rise time, high voltage, high impedance and simple calibration compensation.

[0006] This invention is achieved through the following technical solution:

[0007] A pulse voltage divider with fast rise time, high voltage and high impedance includes a high voltage input terminal, a coaxial transmission cable and a low voltage compensation terminal connected in sequence.

[0008] The high-voltage input terminal includes at least one non-inductive resistor Rt″ and a capacitor Cp connected in parallel across the non-inductive resistor Rt″. One end of the non-inductive resistor Rt″ is connected to the non-inductive resistor Rt′ and then to the input terminal, and the other end is connected to one end of the ferrite bead Zb. The other end of the ferrite bead Zb is connected to the coaxial transmission cable and the grounded capacitor Cg, respectively.

[0009] The low-voltage compensation terminal includes a DC conditioning circuit, a high-frequency conditioning circuit, and a low-frequency conditioning circuit. The DC conditioning circuit is used to adjust the DC attenuation ratio, the high-frequency conditioning circuit is used to adjust the attenuation ratio and output flatness of the pulse input signal between nanoseconds and microseconds, and the low-frequency conditioning circuit is used to adjust the attenuation ratio and output flatness of the pulse input signal between microseconds and milliseconds.

[0010] Preferably, if there are multiple non-inductive resistors Rt″, each of the two ends of the non-inductive resistor Rt″ is connected in parallel with a capacitor Cp, or the capacitor Cp adopts an external shielding structure and is connected in parallel across all the non-inductive resistors Rt″.

[0011] Preferably, if there are multiple non-inductive resistors Rt″, the ground capacitor Cg adopts an external shielding structure and is connected in parallel across all non-inductive resistors Rt″, Rt′ and Cp.

[0012] Preferably, the DC conditioning circuit includes a resistor R5 and a variable resistor R6 connected in series.

[0013] Preferably, the high-frequency conditioning circuit includes a resistor R4 and a variable resistor R3 connected in parallel, a variable capacitor C3 connected in parallel across the resistor R4, and a variable capacitor C2 connected in series with the variable resistor R3.

[0014] Preferably, the low-frequency series circuit group includes a fixed resistor R1-N, a variable resistor R2-N, and a variable capacitor C1-N connected in series, and the resistance values ​​of the fixed resistor R1-N and the variable resistor R2-N are greater than the resistance value of the variable resistor R3.

[0015] Preferably, the resistance values ​​of the fixed resistors R1-N in adjacent low-frequency series circuit groups increase sequentially in the direction away from the coaxial transmission cable.

[0016] Preferably, the resistance values ​​of the variable resistors R2-N in adjacent low-frequency series circuit groups increase sequentially along the direction away from the coaxial transmission cable.

[0017] Preferably, the DC resistance Rc of the coaxial transmission cable is 400-600Ω, and the cable capacitance Cc is 200-400pF.

[0018] Preferably, the magnetic bead Zb is a ferrite magnetic bead.

[0019] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial technical effects:

[0020] This invention provides a pulse voltage divider with fast rise time, high voltage, and high impedance, comprising a high-voltage input terminal, a coaxial transmission cable, and a low-voltage compensation terminal connected in sequence. The high-voltage input terminal includes at least one non-inductive resistor Rt″ and a capacitor Cp connected in parallel across the non-inductive resistor Rt″. One end of the non-inductive resistor Rt″ is connected to a non-inductive resistor Rt′ and then to the input terminal, while the other end is connected to one end of a ferrite bead Zb. The other end of the ferrite bead Zb is connected to the coaxial transmission cable and a grounded capacitor Cg. The low-voltage compensation terminal includes a DC conditioning circuit, a high-frequency conditioning circuit, and a low-frequency conditioning circuit. The DC conditioning circuit is used to adjust the DC attenuation ratio, the high-frequency conditioning circuit is used to adjust the attenuation ratio and output flatness of the pulse input signal between nanoseconds and microseconds, and the low-frequency conditioning circuit is used to adjust the attenuation ratio and output flatness of the pulse input signal between microseconds and milliseconds. This application features high input impedance, which can effectively avoid the load effect on the measured signal. Furthermore, this application can easily achieve calibration compensation based on the different impedances of the test instruments it is connected to. This application features high-frequency bandwidth and fast rise time. Attached Figure Description

[0021] Figure 1 This is a circuit diagram of a pulse voltage divider with fast rise time, high voltage and high impedance according to the present invention.

[0022] Figure 2 The equivalent circuit diagram for signal attenuation in the nanosecond to microsecond range;

[0023] Figure 3 This is an equivalent circuit diagram for signal attenuation from microseconds to milliseconds.

[0024] Figure 4 This is the equivalent circuit diagram for DC attenuation;

[0025] Figure 5 This is a circuit schematic diagram of a specific embodiment of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 6 This is one embodiment of the high-voltage side of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 7 This is another embodiment of the high-voltage end of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 8 This is the third embodiment of the high-voltage side of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0029] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments. These descriptions are for explanation purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.

[0030] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the present invention, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort should fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0031] It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," etc., in the specification, claims, and accompanying drawings of this invention are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that such data can be interchanged where appropriate so that the embodiments of the invention described herein can be implemented in orders other than those illustrated or described herein. Furthermore, the terms "comprising" and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion; for example, a process, method, system, product, or apparatus that comprises a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units explicitly listed, but may include other steps or units not explicitly listed or inherent to such processes, methods, products, or apparatus.

[0032] This invention provides a pulse voltage divider with fast rise time, high voltage, and high impedance, such as... Figure 1 As shown, it includes a high-voltage input terminal, a coaxial transmission cable, and a low-voltage compensation terminal connected in sequence;

[0033] The high-voltage input terminal includes at least one non-inductive resistor Rt″ and a capacitor Cp connected in parallel across the non-inductive resistor Rt″. One end of the non-inductive resistor Rt″ is connected to the non-inductive resistor Rt′ and then to the input terminal, and the other end is connected to one end of the ferrite bead Zb. The other end of the ferrite bead Zb is connected to the coaxial transmission cable and the grounded capacitor Cg, respectively.

[0034] The low-voltage compensation terminal includes a DC conditioning circuit, a high-frequency conditioning circuit, and a low-frequency conditioning circuit. The DC conditioning circuit is used to adjust the DC attenuation ratio, the high-frequency conditioning circuit is used to adjust the attenuation ratio and output flatness of the pulse input signal between nanoseconds and microseconds, and the low-frequency conditioning circuit is used to adjust the attenuation ratio and output flatness of the pulse input signal between microseconds and milliseconds.

[0035] Preferably, if there are multiple non-inductive resistors Rt″, a capacitor Cp is connected in parallel across each of the non-inductive resistors Rt″, or the capacitor Cp is connected in parallel across all the non-inductive resistors Rt″ using an external shielding structure; further, if there are multiple non-inductive resistors Rt″, a ground capacitor Cg is connected in parallel across all the non-inductive resistors Rt″, Rt′, and Cp using an external shielding structure; Figure 6 , Figure 7 and Figure 8As shown, those skilled in the art can configure the circuit according to actual production needs. The principle is that when using rod-type components, a single high-voltage non-inductive resistor Rt″ is preferred; when using chip-type components, multiple non-inductive resistors connected in series to form Rt″ are preferred. Preferably, the DC conditioning circuit includes a series resistor R5 and a variable resistor R6; further, the high-frequency conditioning circuit includes a parallel resistor R4 and a variable resistor R3, with a variable capacitor C3 connected in parallel across resistor R4, and a variable capacitor C2 connected in series with variable resistor R3; further, the low-frequency series circuit group includes a fixed resistor R1-N, a variable resistor R2-N, and a variable capacitor C1-N connected in series, with the resistance values ​​of the fixed resistor R1-N and the variable resistor R2-N being greater than the resistance value of the variable resistor R3; further, the resistance value of the fixed resistor R1-N in adjacent low-frequency series circuit groups increases sequentially in the direction away from the coaxial transmission cable; further, the resistance value of the variable resistor R2-N in adjacent low-frequency series circuit groups increases sequentially in the direction away from the coaxial transmission cable.

[0036] Preferably, the DC resistance Rc of the coaxial transmission cable is 400-600Ω, and the cable capacitance Cc is 200-400pF; preferably, the ferrite bead Zb is a ferrite bead; it should be noted that the pulse voltage divider described in this application has a signal bandwidth of GHz in the picosecond time range, and the reactance of the capacitor becomes smaller. The total attenuation of the pulse voltage divider is mainly controlled by the loss and characteristic impedance of the coaxial transmission cable. By adding a ferrite bead Zb at the front end of the coaxial transmission cable, the ferrite bead exhibits a very high actual impedance, which can provide sufficient attenuation and thus suppress oscillation.

[0037] In the picosecond to nanosecond time range, this becomes more significant by changing resistors Rt′ and R3 and R4, which, combined with ferrite beads Zb, provide the necessary attenuation and reflection damping.

[0038] Equivalent circuit for signal attenuation in the nanosecond to microsecond range, such as Figure 2 As shown, the attenuation consists of the high-voltage end resistor Rt′, parallel capacitor Cp, ground capacitor Cg, low-voltage compensation variable capacitor C2, variable capacitor C3, and measuring instrument Cx. Variable capacitors C2 and C3 are used for adjustment to make the output signal rise and then flatten.

[0039] Equivalent circuit for microsecond to millisecond signal attenuation, such as Figure 3As shown, the attenuation consists of a high-voltage end resistor Rt′, a parallel capacitor Cp, a ground capacitor Cg, low-voltage compensation end variable capacitors C1-1 to C1-N, fixed resistors R1-1 to R1-N, variable resistors R2-1 to R2-N, and a measuring instrument Cx. The variable capacitors C1-1 to C1-N are used to adjust the voltage division ratio of the square wave signal from microseconds to milliseconds and the flatness of the top of the output signal. The fixed resistors R1-1 to R1-N and the variable resistors R2-1 to R2-N are used to adjust the specific compensation point at the top of the square wave. As the fixed resistors R1-1 to R1-N and the variable resistors R2-1 to R2-N increase, the compensation point changes from the microsecond segment at the top of the pulse signal to the millisecond segment.

[0040] As time progresses from milliseconds to seconds, the decay control changes from a capacitive voltage divider to a resistive voltage divider, and the equivalent current... Figure 4 As shown, the circuit consists of non-inductive resistors Rt′ and Rt″ at the high-voltage end, resistors R4 and R5 at the low-frequency compensation circuit, a variable resistor R6, and a measuring instrument Rx. Resistor R6 is used to adjust the DC voltage division ratio of the voltage divider.

[0041] Due to the critical damping requirements of mismatch reflections and stray oscillations, the physical design of the circuit and the specific values ​​of the components are equally important for the smooth response of the square wave pulse signal between picoseconds, nanoseconds, microseconds, and milliseconds. The values ​​of each resistor and capacitor can vary depending on the physical dimensions of the voltage divider; the specific values ​​need to be determined experimentally.

[0042] Example:

[0043] like Figure 5 As shown, the high-voltage input terminal consists of a high-voltage non-inductive resistor Rt′, a non-inductive resistor Rt″, a parallel capacitor Cp, a series ferrite bead Zb, and a high-voltage terminal-to-ground capacitor Cg. The non-inductive resistor Rt′ has a resistance of 1MΩ, Rt″ has a resistance of 99MΩ, and the parallel capacitor Cp has a capacitance of 2pF. The high-voltage terminal-to-ground capacitor Cg has a capacitance of 20pF. The high-voltage non-inductive resistors Rt′ and Rt″ can also be constructed from a single 100MΩ resistor. When using a single resistor, the parallel capacitor Cp is implemented using a parallel plate capacitor structure, and the ground capacitor Cg is implemented through external shielding. Figure 7 As shown; when the high-voltage non-inductive resistors Rt′ and Rt″ consist of multiple components, the parallel capacitor Cp can be implemented by a planar capacitor structure or by multiple capacitors connected in parallel with the resistor, and the ground capacitance Cg is implemented through external shielding, as shown. Figure 6 and Figure 8 As shown.

[0044] The coaxial transmission cable uses a DC resistance Rc of 500Ω and a cable capacitance Cc of 300pF.

[0045] The DC conditioning circuit consists of a 100kΩ resistor R5 and a 20kΩ variable resistor R6, used to adjust the DC attenuation ratio to 1000:1. Other attenuation ratios can also be selected according to actual needs.

[0046] The high-frequency conditioning circuit consists of a variable resistor R3 with a resistance of 1kΩ, a capacitor R4 with a resistance of 500Ω, and variable capacitors C2 with a capacitance of 200pF and C3 with a capacitance of 10pF. It is used to condition the attenuation ratio and output flatness of the pulse input signal between nanoseconds and microseconds.

[0047] The low-frequency conditioning circuit consists of fixed resistors R1-1 (300kΩ), R1-2 (50kΩ), variable resistors R2-1 (200kΩ), R2-N (100kΩ), and variable capacitors C1-1 and C1-N (200pF). It is used to condition the attenuation ratio and output flatness of the pulse input signal between microseconds and milliseconds. By adjusting the values ​​of variable resistors R2-1 and R2-2, the specific compensation point of the output signal between microseconds and milliseconds can be finely adjusted.

[0048] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some or all of the technical features therein; and these modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A fast rise time and high voltage high impedance pulse voltage divider, characterized by, This includes a high-voltage input terminal, a coaxial transmission cable, and a low-voltage compensation terminal connected in sequence; The high-voltage input end comprises at least one non-inductive resistor , and a capacitor Cp connected in parallel to the non-inductive resistor , a non-inductive resistor connected at one end of the capacitor Cp, a non-inductive resistor connected at one end of the non-inductive resistor , a non-inductive resistor connected at the other end of the non-inductive resistor , one end of a magnetic bead Zb connected to the other end of the non-inductive resistor , and the other end of the magnetic bead Zb connected to a coaxial transmission cable and a ground capacitance Cg connected to ground, respectively. The low-voltage compensation terminal includes a DC conditioning circuit, a high-frequency conditioning circuit, and a low-frequency conditioning circuit. The DC conditioning circuit is used to adjust the DC attenuation ratio. The high-frequency conditioning circuit is used to adjust the attenuation ratio and output flatness of the pulse input signal between nanoseconds and microseconds. The low-frequency conditioning circuit is used to adjust the attenuation ratio and output flatness of the pulse input signal between microseconds and milliseconds. The high-frequency conditioning circuit includes a resistor R4 and a variable resistor R3 connected in parallel. A variable capacitor C3 is connected in parallel across the resistor R4. A variable capacitor C2 is connected in series with the variable resistor R3. The low-frequency conditioning circuit includes a fixed resistor R1-N, a variable resistor R2-N, and a variable capacitor C1-N connected in series in sequence. The resistance values ​​of the fixed resistor R1-N and the variable resistor R2-N are greater than the resistance value of the variable resistor R3.

2. The pulse voltage divider with fast rise time and high voltage and high impedance according to claim 1, characterized in that, If there are multiple non-inductive resistors At that time, the non-inductive resistor Both ends are connected in parallel with capacitors Cp, or the capacitors Cp are connected in parallel with all non-inductive resistors using an external shielding structure. Both ends.

3. The pulse voltage divider with fast rise time and high voltage and high impedance according to claim 2, characterized in that, If there are multiple non-inductive resistors At that time, the ground capacitance Cg adopts an external shielding structure and is connected in parallel with all non-inductive resistors. Non-inductive resistor And the two ends of the capacitor Cp.

4. The pulse voltage divider with fast rise time and high voltage and high impedance according to claim 1, characterized in that, The DC conditioning circuit includes a resistor R5 and a variable resistor R6 connected in series.

5. A pulse voltage divider with fast rise time and high voltage and high impedance according to claim 1, characterized in that, The resistance values ​​of the fixed resistors R1-N in the adjacent low-frequency conditioning circuits increase sequentially in the direction away from the coaxial transmission cable.

6. The pulse voltage divider with fast rise time and high voltage and high impedance according to claim 5, characterized in that, The resistance values ​​of the variable resistors R2-N in the adjacent low-frequency conditioning circuits increase sequentially in the direction away from the coaxial transmission cable.

7. A pulse voltage divider with fast rise time and high voltage and high impedance according to claim 1, characterized in that, The coaxial transmission cable has a DC resistance Rc of 400-600Ω and a cable capacitance Cc of 200-400pF.

8. A pulse voltage divider with fast rise time and high voltage and high impedance according to claim 1, characterized in that, The magnetic bead Zb is a ferrite magnetic bead.

Images