Vacuum arc quenching chamber high current aging device and method based on ultrasonic metallurgical effect

Abstract

This invention discloses a high-current aging device and method for a vacuum interrupter based on ultrasonic metallurgical effect, comprising a high-voltage DC power supply, a reactor, an energy storage capacitor, a magnetic switch, a vacuum interrupter, a coupling capacitor, a pulse transformer, a commutator, a high-voltage pulse power supply, an insulated vibration base, an insulated transmission device, and an ultrasonic actuator. The output terminal of the high-voltage pulse power supply is connected to the primary winding of the pulse transformer via the commutator. One end of the secondary winding of the pulse transformer is connected to one end of the magnetic switch and one end of the vacuum interrupter via the coupling capacitor. The other end of the magnetic switch is connected to one end of the energy storage capacitor and the positive terminal of the high-voltage DC power supply via the reactor. The negative terminal of the high-voltage DC power supply, the other end of the energy storage capacitor, the other end of the vacuum interrupter, and the other end of the secondary winding of the pulse transformer are all grounded. This device and method can effectively solve the problems of difficulty in improving aging efficiency and insufficient aging stability and durability.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of vacuum interrupter aging technology, and relates to a vacuum interrupter high-current aging device and method based on ultrasonic metallurgical effect. Background Technology

[0002] High-current aging of vacuum interrupters, due to the large current energy, causes the material in the arc-ignition area of ​​the contacts to undergo melting and solidification, which helps to form a stable metallographic structure. Compared with power frequency voltage aging, this is more conducive to improving the stability of the electrical performance of the interrupter.

[0003] Vacuum interrupter contact materials typically employ copper-chromium alloys based on powder metallurgy. During melting and natural solidification, due to the low solid solubility of copper and chromium, a large number of chromium particles precipitate and agglomerate, forming a weak phase. This affects the local withstand voltage of the contact surface, leading to uneven burning and insufficient uniformity during the aging process. These issues are major factors restricting the widespread application of current aging methods. Furthermore, in traditional aging processes, impurities and gases in the molten pool on the contact surface are difficult to remove and solidify within the contact upon cooling, resulting in a decrease in the contact's breaking performance after aging.

[0004] Regarding the energy utilization efficiency of aging, current mainstream aging technologies, such as power frequency voltage aging, generally employ large current-limiting resistors due to the capacity limitations of power frequency transformers and the need to protect the test sample from damage caused by excessive energy. This results in most of the energy being absorbed by the current-limiting resistors during a single aging process, leaving relatively little energy injected into the arc-extinguishing chamber, leading to incomplete aging. Furthermore, some methods that generate large currents are also based on RC pulse discharge, whose circuit resistance also consumes a significant amount of energy, resulting in similarly low energy utilization.

[0005] Therefore, in general, existing aging technologies suffer from several problems at the microscopic level. Firstly, during the melting and solidification of the contact material in the arc-extinguishing zone, the segregation and uniformity of the alloy are difficult to guarantee, as is insufficient grain refinement. This leads to localized burning and limits the widespread application of aging technologies. Secondly, at the macroscopic level, the low energy utilization rate of existing aging technologies means that the limited energy injected into the arc-extinguishing chamber is insufficient to promote a stable phase transformation in the contact metal, resulting in difficulties in improving aging efficiency and insufficient aging stability and durability. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide a vacuum interrupter high-current aging device and method based on ultrasonic metallurgical effect. This device and method can effectively solve the problems of difficulty in improving aging efficiency and insufficient aging stability and durability.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the high-current aging device for vacuum interrupters based on ultrasonic metallurgical effect described in this invention includes a high-voltage DC power supply, a reactor, an energy storage capacitor, a magnetic switch, a vacuum interrupter, a coupling capacitor, a pulse transformer, a commutator, a high-voltage pulse power supply, an insulated vibration base, an insulated transmission device, and an ultrasonic actuator.

[0008] The output terminal of the high-voltage pulse power supply is connected to the primary winding of the pulse transformer via a commutator. One end of the secondary winding of the pulse transformer is connected to one end of the magnetic switch and one end of the vacuum interrupter via a coupling capacitor. The other end of the magnetic switch is connected to one end of the energy storage capacitor and the positive terminal of the high-voltage DC power supply via a reactor. The negative terminal of the high-voltage DC power supply, the other end of the energy storage capacitor, the other end of the vacuum interrupter, and the other end of the secondary winding of the pulse transformer are all grounded.

[0009] The vacuum interrupter is located on the insulated vibration base, and the ultrasonic actuator is connected to the insulated vibration base.

[0010] It also includes a shock-absorbing device and a mounting surface, with the insulated vibration base mounted on the mounting surface via the shock-absorbing device.

[0011] The ultrasonic actuator is connected to the insulated vibration base via an insulated transmission device.

[0012] The adjustable range of the DC output voltage of the high-voltage DC power supply is 0 to 50kV, and the adjustable range of the output current is 0 to 1000A.

[0013] Single current aging time ≤ 10ms.

[0014] The vibration frequency of the ultrasonic actuator can be adjusted from 25kHz to 120kHz.

[0015] The output power of the ultrasonic actuator is 300W to 800W.

[0016] The high-current aging method for vacuum interrupters based on ultrasonic metallurgical effect described in this invention includes the following steps:

[0017] The pulse output from the high-voltage pulse power supply is stepped up by the pulse transformer to form a high-voltage pulse. The high-voltage pulse is superimposed with the voltage of the coupling capacitor and applied to both ends of the vacuum interrupter to break down the contact gap in the vacuum interrupter. The vacuum interrupter is then subjected to arc discharge using a high-voltage pulse power supply or a high-voltage DC power supply. Accompanying the arc discharge in the contact gap, during the process of surface metal melting and cooling in the arcing area of ​​the contacts, the ultrasonic actuator applies ultrasonic vibration to the contacts through an insulated vibration base. Under the cavitation and thermal effects of the ultrasonic vibration, the degassing, inclusion removal, and grain refinement of the contact material are enhanced, and macroscopic segregation of the alloy is suppressed. At the same time, the solidified molten area is smooth and flat, thereby improving the aging effect of the contact flow and the molten area at both the macroscopic and microscopic levels, and realizing the transfer of the arcing area and uniform aging during multiple flows.

[0018] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0019] The high-current aging device and method for vacuum interrupters based on ultrasonic metallurgical effects described in this invention, during specific operation, involves breaking down the contacts using a high-frequency pulse voltage, followed by arc discharge in the vacuum interrupter using a single-frequency oscillating power supply or a DC power supply. During the melting and cooling of the surface metal in the arc-burning area of ​​the contacts, a high-power ultrasonic vibration is applied to the contacts using an ultrasonic actuator. This ultrasonic vibration treatment enhances the degassing, inclusion removal, grain refinement, and suppression of macroscopic segregation of the alloy in the contact material, thereby improving the aging effect of the current flow and the molten area. During multiple current-pass aging processes in the interrupter, continuous transfer of the arc-burning area and uniform aging can be achieved. It should be noted that, during the melting and solidification of the metal on the contact surface under the thermal effect of the arc current, this invention utilizes the ultrasonic metallurgical effects such as cavitation, thermal effects, and acoustic flow effects of ultrasonic vibration to enhance the degassing, inclusion removal, and grain refinement of the contact material, suppress macroscopic segregation of the alloy, and improve aging efficiency, stability, and durability. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 This is a structural diagram of the present invention.

[0021] Among them, 1 is a high-voltage DC power supply, 2 is a reactor, 3 is an energy storage capacitor, 4 is a magnetic switch, 5 is a vacuum interrupter, 6 is a coupling capacitor, 7 is a pulse transformer, 8 is a commutator, 9 is a high-voltage pulse power supply, 10 is a shock absorption device, 11 is an insulated vibration base, 12 is a mounting surface, 13 is an insulated transmission device, and 14 is an ultrasonic actuator. Detailed Implementation

[0022] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the present invention, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are merely some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Furthermore, in the following description, descriptions of well-known structures and technologies are omitted to avoid unnecessary confusion regarding the concepts disclosed in the present invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative effort should fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0023] The accompanying drawings show structural schematic diagrams according to embodiments disclosed in this invention. These drawings are not drawn to scale, and some details have been enlarged for clarity, and some details may have been omitted. The shapes of the various regions and layers shown in the drawings, as well as their relative sizes and positional relationships, are merely exemplary and may deviate from reality due to manufacturing tolerances or technical limitations. Furthermore, those skilled in the art can design regions / layers with different shapes, sizes, and relative positions as needed.

[0024] refer to Figure 1 The high-current aging device for vacuum interrupter based on ultrasonic metallurgical effect described in this invention includes a high-voltage DC power supply 1, a reactor 2, an energy storage capacitor 3, a magnetic switch 4, a vacuum interrupter 5, a coupling capacitor 6, a pulse transformer 7, a commutator 8, a high-voltage pulse power supply 9, a shock absorption device 10, an insulated vibration base 11, a mounting plane 12, an insulated transmission device 13, and an ultrasonic actuator 14.

[0025] The output terminal of the high-voltage pulse power supply 9 is connected to the primary winding of the pulse transformer 7 via the commutator 8. One end of the secondary winding of the pulse transformer 7 is connected to one end of the magnetic switch 4 and one end of the vacuum interrupter 5 via the coupling capacitor 6. The other end of the magnetic switch 4 is connected to one end of the energy storage capacitor 3 and the positive terminal of the high-voltage DC power supply 1 via the reactor 2. The negative terminal of the high-voltage DC power supply 1, the other end of the energy storage capacitor 3, the other end of the vacuum interrupter 5, and the other end of the secondary winding of the pulse transformer 7 are all grounded.

[0026] An insulated vibration base 11 is mounted on the mounting plane 12 via a shock-absorbing device 10. A vacuum interrupter 5 is located on the insulated vibration base 11. An ultrasonic actuator 14 is connected to the insulated vibration base 11 via an insulated transmission device 13.

[0027] Specifically, the DC voltage output of the high-voltage DC power supply 1 can be adjusted independently, with the adjustment range of the DC voltage being 0 to 50kV. The adjustment range of the output current of the high-voltage DC power supply 1 is 0 to 1000A, and the single current aging time is ≤10ms.

[0028] The ultrasonic actuator 14 has an adjustable vibration frequency, ranging from 25kHz to 120kHz, and an output power of 300W to 800W, depending on the aging requirements.

[0029] refer to Figure 1 The high-current aging method for vacuum interrupters based on ultrasonic metallurgical effect described in this invention includes the following steps:

[0030] High-voltage DC power supply 1 charges energy storage capacitor 3. According to the polarity of energy storage capacitor 3, commutator 8 adjusts the polarity of the output pulse. The pulse output by high-voltage pulse power supply 9 is stepped up by pulse transformer 7 to form a high-voltage pulse. The high-voltage pulse is superimposed with the voltage of coupling capacitor 6 and acts on both ends of vacuum interrupter 5, breaking down the vacuum gap of vacuum interrupter 5. The resonant circuit composed of energy storage capacitor 3 and reactor 2 injects aging current into vacuum interrupter 5 through magnetic switch 4, producing aging effect on vacuum interrupter 5.

[0031] After one half-wave cycle, the discharge process is interrupted at the natural zero-crossing point of the current. At this time, the polarity of the residual voltage of the energy storage capacitor 3 and the coupling capacitor 6 changes. The commutator 8 is adjusted to make the high voltage pulses have the same polarity, and it is triggered again to cause the insulation gap of the vacuum interrupter 5 to break down. After the second half-wave discharge cycle is completed, the polarity of the residual voltage of the energy storage capacitor 3 and the coupling capacitor 6 is reversed. At this time, as needed, the high voltage DC power supply 1 is used to charge the energy storage capacitor 3 and the coupling capacitor 6.

[0032] The vacuum interrupter 5 is mounted on the insulated vibration base 11, which is mechanically connected to the mounting plane 12 via the vibration damping device 10. The ultrasonic vibration generated by the ultrasonic actuator 14 is transmitted to the insulated vibration base 11 via the insulated transmission device 13, and then the ultrasonic vibration is applied to the vacuum interrupter 5 during the current arcing and the melting and cooling of the contact surface material.

[0033] It should be noted that in this invention, the ultrasonic actuator 14 applies power ultrasonic vibration to the vacuum interrupter 5 through the insulating transmission device 13. Compared with traditional aging, this invention uses power ultrasonic vibration to treat the contact surface during the melting and solidification process under the heat of the arc current, so as to enhance the degassing, inclusion removal and grain refinement of the contact material, and suppress the macroscopic segregation of the alloy, thereby improving the aging effect of the contact melting area during the flow process, and realizing the transfer of the arcing area and uniform aging during multiple flow.

[0034] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and not to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can still be made to the specific implementation of the present invention. Any modifications or equivalent substitutions that do not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention should be covered within the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A high-current aging device for a vacuum interrupter based on the ultrasonic metallurgical effect, characterized in that, It includes a high-voltage DC power supply (1), a reactor (2), an energy storage capacitor (3), a magnetic switch (4), a vacuum interrupter (5), a coupling capacitor (6), a pulse transformer (7), a commutator (8), a high-voltage pulse power supply (9), an insulated vibration base (11), an insulated transmission device (13), and an ultrasonic actuator (14). The output terminal of the high-voltage pulse power supply (9) is connected to the primary winding of the pulse transformer (7) via the commutator (8). One end of the secondary winding of the pulse transformer (7) is connected to one end of the magnetic switch (4) and one end of the vacuum interrupter (5) via the coupling capacitor (6). The other end of the magnetic switch (4) is connected to one end of the energy storage capacitor (3) and the positive terminal of the high-voltage DC power supply (1) via the reactor (2). The negative terminal of the high-voltage DC power supply (1), the other end of the energy storage capacitor (3), the other end of the vacuum interrupter (5), and the other end of the secondary winding of the pulse transformer (7) are all grounded. The vacuum interrupter (5) is located on the insulating vibration base (11), and the ultrasonic actuator (14) is connected to the insulating vibration base (11).

2. The high-current aging device for a vacuum interrupter based on ultrasonic metallurgical effect according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a shock-absorbing device (10) and a mounting surface (12), with the insulated vibration base (11) mounted on the mounting surface (12) via the shock-absorbing device (10).

3. The high-current aging device for a vacuum interrupter based on ultrasonic metallurgical effect according to claim 1, characterized in that, The ultrasonic actuator (14) is connected to the insulated vibration base (11) via an insulated transmission device (13).

4. The high-current aging device for a vacuum interrupter based on ultrasonic metallurgical effect according to claim 1, characterized in that, The adjustable range of the DC voltage output of the high voltage DC power supply (1) is 0 to 50 kV, and the adjustable range of the current output of the high voltage DC power supply (1) is 0 to 1000 A.

5. The high-current aging device for a vacuum interrupter based on ultrasonic metallurgical effect according to claim 1, characterized in that, Single current aging time ≤ 10ms.

6. The high-current aging device for a vacuum interrupter based on ultrasonic metallurgical effect according to claim 1, characterized in that, The vibration frequency of the ultrasonic actuator (14) can be adjusted from 25 kHz to 120 kHz.

7. The high-current aging device for a vacuum interrupter based on ultrasonic metallurgical effect according to claim 1, characterized in that, The output power of the ultrasonic actuator (14) is 300W to 800W.

8. A high-current aging method for a vacuum interrupter based on the ultrasonic metallurgical effect, characterized in that, The vacuum interrupter high-current aging device based on ultrasonic metallurgical effect according to claim 1 includes the following steps: The pulse output by the high-voltage pulse power supply (9) is boosted by the pulse transformer (7) to form a high-voltage pulse. The high-voltage pulse and the voltage of the coupling capacitor (6) are superimposed and applied to both ends of the vacuum interrupter (5) to break down the contact gap in the vacuum interrupter (5). The high-voltage pulse power supply (9) or the high-voltage DC power supply (1) is used to perform arc discharge on the vacuum interrupter (5). With the arc discharge of the contact gap, during the process of surface metal melting and cooling in the contact arcing area, the ultrasonic actuator (14) applies ultrasonic vibration to the contact through the insulating vibration base (11). Under the cavitation and heat effects of ultrasonic vibration, the degassing, inclusion removal and grain refinement of the contact material are enhanced, and the macroscopic segregation of the alloy is suppressed. At the same time, the molten area is made smooth and flat after solidification. Thus, the aging effect of the contact flow and the molten area is improved at both the macroscopic and microscopic levels, realizing the transfer of the arcing area and uniform aging of multiple flow.

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