Friction nanogenerator mimicking fish lateral line and respiration monitoring method

Abstract

This invention provides a triboelectric nanogenerator that mimics the lateral line of fish and a method for monitoring respiration. The triboelectric nanogenerator consists of a cylindrical porous silicone rubber core with spiral silver-plated nylon fibers inserted into a latex balloon with nylon fluff on its inner surface. The latex balloon serves as the encapsulation layer and support structure of the triboelectric nanogenerator, the nylon fluff and porous silicone rubber as the friction layer, and the silver-plated nylon fibers as the electrode material. The synergistic effect of the latex balloon, silicone rubber, and silver-plated nylon fibers in this invention gives the triboelectric nanogenerator waterproof, shape-adaptive, and stretchable characteristics. Due to the synergistic effect of the porous silicone rubber and nylon fluff, an increase in surface area beyond structural limitations is achieved, improving the output performance of the triboelectric nanogenerator and obtaining excellent sensitivity.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of nanotechnology, and in particular to a triboelectric nanogenerator that mimics the lateral line of a fish and a method for monitoring respiration. Background Technology

[0002] Respiratory status monitoring is crucial not only for diagnosing and tracking respiratory diseases but also for monitoring hypoxia, hypercapnia, cardiac arrest, emotional stress, and physical exertion. Currently, most respiratory status monitoring methods, such as breathing masks and endotracheal nasal intubation, are unsuitable for portable, continuous, real-time monitoring due to their bulky size, complex structure, uncomfortable user experience, and reliance on external power. Therefore, a self-powered, comfortable, and wearable real-time respiratory monitoring system is particularly important.

[0003] Triboelectric nanogenerators, as a novel technology that converts mechanical motion into electrical signals, have been widely applied in recent years for self-powered wearable physiological signal monitoring due to their low cost, flexible design, and strong adaptability. Recently, significant research has been conducted on the development of self-powered wearable devices based on triboelectric nanogenerators. To effectively capture triboelectric energy, high-performance triboelectric nanogenerators with various combinations of triboelectric materials and optimized micro / nanostructures have been developed. However, developing triboelectric nanogenerators with waterproof, shape-adaptive, stretchable, sensitive, and efficient characteristics for continuous monitoring of respiratory status using a simple and economical method remains an ongoing challenge. Inspired by natural structures, surface morphologies, material properties, energy harvesting mechanisms, and sensing principles, various designs and optimizations of triboelectric nanogenerators have been developed, not only improving their performance but also enhancing their applicability in various application scenarios.

[0004] In summary, in the field of nanotechnology, there is an urgent need for a triboelectric nanogenerator that is waterproof, shape-adaptive, stretchable, sensitive, and efficient, and can also be used as a self-powered sensor for continuous monitoring of breathing status. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the problems of existing technologies, this invention provides a triboelectric nanogenerator and a respiration monitoring method that mimics the lateral line of fish. It consists of a cylindrical porous silicone rubber core with spiral silver-plated nylon fibers and a latex balloon with nylon fluff on its inner surface. The latex balloon serves as an encapsulation layer and support structure. The nylon fluff is fixed to the inner surface of the latex balloon using an electrostatic flocking process as a friction layer. Porous silicone rubber, fabricated using NaCl as a sacrificial template, is used to cover the silver-plated nylon yarn as the friction layer. The spiral silver-plated nylon fibers serve as the electrode material. Due to the synergistic effect of the latex balloon (acting as an encapsulation and support structure) after inflation, the silicone rubber, and the spiral silver-plated nylon fibers give the triboelectric nanogenerator waterproof, shape-adaptive, and stretchable characteristics. The synergistic effect of the porous structure of the silicone rubber surface and the nylon fluff allows for a significant increase in surface area beyond structural limitations, improving the output performance of the triboelectric nanogenerator and achieving excellent sensitivity. The triboelectric nanogenerator, integrated with an elastic band, can be used for continuous monitoring of respiratory status, identifying different breathing patterns, respiratory rates, and respiratory speeds.

[0006] This invention provides a triboelectric nanogenerator that mimics the lateral line of a fish, comprising a latex balloon, silver-plated nylon fibers, porous silicone rubber, silicone rubber, and nylon fibers. The nylon fibers are uniformly distributed on the inner surface of the latex balloon, the silver-plated nylon fibers are located inside the latex balloon, and the latex balloon serves as the encapsulation layer and support structure of the triboelectric nanogenerator. The silicone rubber is located inside the silver-plated nylon fibers, the porous silicone rubber is located outside the silver-plated nylon fibers, the nylon fibers and the porous silicone rubber serve as the friction layer of the triboelectric nanogenerator, and the silver-plated nylon fibers serve as the electrode material of the triboelectric nanogenerator.

[0007] The method for fabricating the triboelectric nanogenerator includes the following specific steps:

[0008] S1. Based on the structural characteristics of the lateral line of fish, select materials for fabricating triboelectric nanogenerators;

[0009] S2. Fabrication of triboelectric nanogenerators using electrostatic flocking and sacrificial template methods:

[0010] S21. Using electrostatic flocking technology to make latex balloons with nylon flocking on the inner surface;

[0011] S22. Using the sacrificial template method to produce porous silicone rubber with silver-plated nylon fibers inside;

[0012] S23. The porous silicone rubber with silver-plated nylon fibers inside obtained in step S22 is placed into a latex balloon with nylon fluff on the inner surface, and gas is filled into the latex balloon to seal it, thus obtaining a triboelectric nanogenerator.

[0013] S3. Mechanical and output characteristics of the triboelectric nanogenerator were tested.

[0014] Preferably, the specific manufacturing steps of step S21 include:

[0015] S211. Attach the latex balloon to the metal rod and stretch the latex balloon to 300mm before fixing it. Apply electrostatic flocking adhesive evenly to the surface of the latex balloon.

[0016] S212. Use an electrostatic flocking machine to evenly fix nylon flocking onto the surface of a latex balloon attached to a metal rod to obtain a latex balloon with nylon flocking.

[0017] S213. After baking the latex balloon with nylon fluff obtained in step S212 in an oven for a certain period of time, remove it and let it cool. Then, turn the side of the latex balloon with nylon fluff inside the latex balloon.

[0018] Preferably, the specific manufacturing steps of step S22 include:

[0019] S221. Prepare a silicone rubber solution and degas the silicone rubber solution using a vacuum pump;

[0020] S222. Inject the silicone rubber solution obtained in step S221 into a PTFE hollow tube and cure it to obtain a cylindrical silicone rubber.

[0021] S223. Spiral wind silver-plated nylon fiber along the axial direction of cylindrical silicone rubber, and apply a layer of silicone rubber to the cylindrical silicone rubber with the silver-plated nylon fiber wound on it. At the same time, sprinkle NaCl particles on the cylindrical silicone rubber coated with silicone rubber, and after curing, put it in water to remove the NaCl particles.

[0022] Preferably, in step S21, the temperature of the oven is 60℃~80℃, and the baking time of the oven is 10-20 minutes.

[0023] Preferably, in step S22, the curing time is 4 hours, and the diameter of the NaCl particles is 0.15 to 0.2 mm.

[0024] In another aspect, the present invention provides a respiratory monitoring method based on a triboelectric nanogenerator mimicking the lateral line of a fish, the specific operation steps of which are as follows:

[0025] S1. Use yarn to sew the triboelectric nanogenerator onto the elastic band, and use black tape to fix the sealing clips at both ends of the triboelectric nanogenerator.

[0026] S2. Place the elastic band with the fixed triboelectric nanogenerator at the breathing detection position.

[0027] S3. By changing the exhaled or inhaled gas, the latex balloon with nylon fluff and the porous silicone rubber with silver-plated nylon fibers in the triboelectric nanogenerator are brought closer or further apart, thereby generating a continuous voltage in the triboelectric nanogenerator.

[0028] S4. By measuring the coordinates of a series of peaks and troughs generated by the triboelectric nanogenerator, the breathing frequency R is obtained. f The expression is:

[0029]

[0030] Where △T is the time interval.

[0031] Preferably, the triboelectric nanogenerator is generated during the i-th breath t-th cycle. i (i), t e (i), A i (i) and A e The expression for (i) is as follows:

[0032] t i (i) = tmax(i) - tmin(i)

[0033] t e (i) = tmin(i+1) - tmax(i)

[0034] A i (i) = Vmax(i) - Vmin(i)

[0035] A e (i) = Vmin(i+1) - Vmax(i)

[0036] Among them, t i (i) represents the time spent during the i-th inhalation, t e (i) represents the time spent during the i-th exhalation, A i (i) represents the voltage change amplitude of the triboelectric nanogenerator in the fish-inspired lateral line system during the i-th inhalation, A e (i) represents the voltage amplitude of the triboelectric nanogenerator of the fish-like lateral line system during i exhalations. The trough and peak coordinates of the triboelectric nanogenerator during i exhalations are (tmin(i), Vmin(i)) and (tmax(i), Vmax(i)), respectively. tmin(i) is the time point corresponding to the minimum output voltage of the triboelectric nanogenerator during i exhalations, tmax(i) is the time point corresponding to the maximum output voltage of the triboelectric nanogenerator during i exhalations, Vmin(i) is the minimum output voltage of the triboelectric nanogenerator during i exhalations, and Vmax(i) is the maximum output voltage of the triboelectric nanogenerator during i exhalations.

[0037] Preferably, if the time consumed during inhalation and exhalation and the magnitude of voltage change are known, then the inhalation rate v i The rate of exhalation, v e If the ratio of inhalation to exhalation is I:E, then the i-th time v i (i), v e The expressions for (i) and I:E(i) are as follows:

[0038]

[0039]

[0040]

[0041] Among them, t i (i) represents the time spent during the i-th inhalation, t e (i) represents the time spent during the i-th exhalation, A i (i) represents the voltage change amplitude of the triboelectric nanogenerator in the fish-inspired lateral line system during the i-th inhalation, A e (i) represents the voltage amplitude of the triboelectric nanogenerator in the fish-inspired lateral line system during the i-th exhalation, v i v is the speed of inhalation. e The rate of exhalation.

[0042] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0043] 1. The present invention is a triboelectric nanogenerator, which consists of a cylindrical porous silicone rubber with spiral silver-plated nylon fibers inside and a latex balloon with nylon fluff on the inner surface. Due to the synergistic effect of the latex balloon, silicone rubber and spiral silver-plated nylon yarn as encapsulation and support structure after inflation, the triboelectric nanogenerator that imitates the lateral line of fish has the characteristics of being waterproof, shape-adaptive and stretchable.

[0044] 2. Due to the synergistic effect of the porous structure of the silicone rubber surface and the nylon fibers, the present invention achieves a significant increase in surface area beyond structural limitations, thereby greatly improving the output performance of the fish-inspired lateral line triboelectric nanogenerator.

[0045] 3. The fish-like lateral line triboelectric nanogenerator of the present invention, combined with an elastic band, can achieve continuous monitoring of respiratory status due to its self-powered, waterproof, shape-adaptive, and stretchable characteristics, thereby identifying different respiratory patterns, respiratory frequencies, and respiratory speeds. Attached Figure Description

[0046] Figure 1 This is a structural diagram of the triboelectric nanogenerator that mimics the lateral line of fish according to the present invention;

[0047] Figure 2This diagram illustrates the working principle of the triboelectric nanogenerator, which mimics the lateral line of a fish, under macroscopic and microscopic conditions.

[0048] Figure 3 This is a flowchart illustrating the fabrication process of the fish-inspired lateral line triboelectric nanogenerator of the present invention.

[0049] Figure 4 SEM image of porous silicone rubber in the fish-inspired lateral line triboelectric nanogenerator of this invention;

[0050] Figure 5 This is a SEM image of the nylon fibers on the inner surface of the latex balloon in the fish-inspired triboelectric nanogenerator of the present invention.

[0051] Figure 6 The voltage output characteristics of the triboelectric nanogenerators with different microstructures in the fish-inspired lateral line triboelectric nanogenerator and respiration monitoring method of the present invention are shown in the figure.

[0052] Figure 7 This is a diagram showing the voltage output characteristics of the triboelectric nanogenerator in the fish-inspired lateral line triboelectric nanogenerator and respiration monitoring method of the present invention when the motion frequency is the same but the contact pressure is different.

[0053] Figure 8 The image shows the voltage output characteristics of the triboelectric nanogenerator in the fish-inspired lateral line triboelectric nanogenerator and respiratory monitoring method of the present invention after repeated cleaning of the triboelectric nanogenerator 5 times under compression motion.

[0054] Figure 9 This is an integrated diagram of the triboelectric nanogenerator and elastic band in the fish-inspired lateral line triboelectric nanogenerator and respiration monitoring method of the present invention.

[0055] Figure 10 The diagram shows the voltage output characteristics of the triboelectric nanogenerator in different breathing modes in the fish-inspired lateral line triboelectric nanogenerator and respiratory monitoring method of the present invention.

[0056] Figure 11 In this invention, a triboelectric nanogenerator mimicking the lateral line of fish and a respiration monitoring method are used to... Figure 10 Voltage output characteristic diagram under C1;

[0057] Figure 12 In this invention, a triboelectric nanogenerator mimicking the lateral line of fish and a respiration monitoring method are used to... Figure 11 for Figure 10 Voltage output characteristics under a single respiratory motion.

[0058] Key reference numerals:

[0059] 1. Latex balloon, 2. Silver-plated nylon fiber, 3. Porous silicone rubber, 4. Silicone rubber, 5. Nylon fluff, 6. Triboelectric nanogenerator, 7. Elastic band, 8. Yarn, 9. Black tape. Detailed Implementation

[0060] To provide a detailed description of the technical content, objectives, and effects of this invention, the following description will be provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0061] Triboelectric nanogenerator 6, mimicking the lateral line of fish, such as Figure 1 , Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, it includes a latex balloon 1, silver-plated nylon fiber 2, porous silicone rubber 3, silicone rubber 4, and nylon fluff 5.

[0062] Nylon fibers 5 are evenly distributed on the inner surface of latex balloon 1, silver-plated nylon fibers 2 are located inside latex balloon 1, silicone rubber 4 is located inside silver-plated nylon fibers 2, and porous silicone rubber 3 is located outside silver-plated nylon fibers 2.

[0063] Specifically, the air channel encapsulated by the latex balloon 1 mimics the lateral line tube. Due to the combined advantages of latex balloon 1, such as low cost, high resilience, excellent airtightness, stretchability, shape self-adaptation, and mechanical strength, it was selected as the encapsulation layer and support structure of the triboelectric nanogenerator 6. Porous silicone rubber 3 and nylon villi 5 mimic the hair cells covered by gel at the top of the lateral line nerve tumulus and serve as the friction layer of the triboelectric nanogenerator 6. Silver-plated nylon fiber 2 mimics sensory nerves. Due to the excellent conductivity, stretchability, and mechanical stability of silver-plated nylon fiber 2, it was selected as the electrode material.

[0064] Figure 2 The diagram shows the working principle and charge transfer of the triboelectric nanogenerator 6 under macroscopic and microscopic conditions. As can be seen from the diagram, in the initial state, due to gravity, the silicone rubber 4 comes into contact with the nylon fibers 5 at the bottom of the latex balloon 1. Because the two materials have different abilities to gain and lose electrons, a negative charge is generated on the surface of the silicone rubber 4, and a positive charge is generated on the surface of the nylon fibers 5. At this time, there is no charge flow in the circuit, as shown below. Figure 2 As shown in (a); when the latex balloon 1 is compressed under the action of force, the nylon fibers 5 at the top of the latex balloon 1 gradually approach the silicone rubber 4. After contacting the silicone rubber 4, the silicone rubber 4 is compressed together with the latex balloon 1 under the action of force, and some of the nylon fibers 5 on the surface of the latex balloon 1 will insert into the porous structure on the surface of the silicone rubber 4. Due to the induced potential difference between the silicone rubber 4 and the ground, electrons flow to the ground through the silver-plated nylon fibers 2, thereby generating an electric current, such as... Figure 2 As shown in (b); as the latex balloon 1 is further compressed, the amount of charge transfer on the silver-plated nylon fiber 2 reaches its maximum, as... Figure 2As shown in (c); with the release of external force, some of the nylon fibers 5 on the surface of the latex balloon 1 are gradually pulled out from the porous structure of the silicone rubber 4. After separating from the silicone rubber 4, the nylon fibers 5 at the top of the latex balloon 1 gradually move away from the silicone rubber and return to their initial position. Due to the induced potential difference between the silicone rubber 4 and the ground, electrons from the ground flow to the silver-plated nylon fibers 2, thereby generating an electric current, as shown in (c). Figure 2 As shown in (d).

[0065] The fabrication method of triboelectric nanogenerator 6, such as Figure 3 As shown, the specific steps include:

[0066] S1. Based on the structural characteristics of the lateral line of fish, select the material for fabricating the triboelectric nanogenerator 6.

[0067] S2. Fabrication of triboelectric nanogenerators using electrostatic flocking and sacrificial template methods:

[0068] S21. A latex balloon 1 with nylon flocking 5 on the inner surface is made using electrostatic flocking technology.

[0069] S22. A porous silicone rubber 3 with silver-plated nylon fibers 2 inside is produced using the sacrificial template method.

[0070] S23. The porous silicone rubber 3 with silver-plated nylon fibers 2 inside obtained in step S22 is placed into a latex balloon 1 with nylon fluff 5 on the inner surface, and gas is filled into the latex balloon 1 to seal it, thereby obtaining a triboelectric nanogenerator 6.

[0071] S3. Mechanical and output characteristics of the triboelectric nanogenerator 6 are tested.

[0072] Furthermore, the specific process of making the latex balloon 1 with nylon fluff 5 in step S21 includes:

[0073] S211. Place the latex balloon 1 onto the metal rod and stretch the latex balloon 1 to 300mm before fixing it. Then, apply electrostatic flocking adhesive evenly to the surface of the latex balloon 1.

[0074] S212. Using an electrostatic flocking machine, nylon flock 5 is evenly fixed onto the surface of the latex balloon 1, which is attached to a metal rod, as a friction layer, to obtain a latex balloon 1 with nylon flock 5.

[0075] S213. After baking the latex balloon 1 with nylon fluff 5 obtained in step S212 in an oven for a certain period of time, take it out and cool it, and then flip the side of the latex balloon 1 with nylon fluff 5 to the inside of the latex balloon 1.

[0076] Furthermore, the specific implementation steps of step S21, which involves making the latex balloon 1 with nylon fluff 5, are as follows:

[0077] S221. The two components of silicone rubber 4 are mixed in a weight ratio of 1:1 to prepare a silicone rubber solution, and the silicone rubber solution is degassed using a vacuum pump.

[0078] S222. Inject the silicone rubber solution obtained in step S221 into a PTFE hollow tube and cure it to obtain a cylindrical silicone rubber.

[0079] S223. The silver-plated nylon fiber 2 is spirally wound along the axis of the cylindrical silicone rubber, and a layer of silicone rubber 4 is applied to the cylindrical silicone rubber on which the silver-plated nylon fiber 2 is wound. NaCl particles are tightly stacked in the silicone rubber solution as sacrificial templates. After curing, the NaCl particles are removed by immersing them in water.

[0080] Due to the synergistic effect of the porous structure on the surface of silicone rubber 4 and nylon fibers 5, this invention achieves a significant increase in surface area beyond structural limitations, thereby greatly improving the output performance of the triboelectric nanogenerator 6.

[0081] A respiratory monitoring method based on a fish-inspired lateral line triboelectric nanogenerator 6 combines the triboelectric nanogenerator 6 with an elastic band 7. First, the triboelectric nanogenerator 6 is sewn onto the elastic band 7 using yarn 8. Then, black tape 9 is used to secure the sealing clips at both ends of the triboelectric nanogenerator 6. Finally, it is fixed to the abdomen of the human body, enabling continuous monitoring of respiratory status and identification of different respiratory patterns, respiratory rates, and respiratory speeds. The specific operating steps are as follows:

[0082] S1. Use yarn 8 to sew the triboelectric nanogenerator 6 onto the elastic band 7, and use black tape 9 to fix the sealing clips at both ends of the triboelectric nanogenerator 6.

[0083] S2. Place the elastic band with the fixed triboelectric nanogenerator 6 at the breathing detection position.

[0084] S3. By changing the exhaled or inhaled gas, the latex balloon 1 with nylon fluff 5 and the porous silicone rubber 3 with silver-plated nylon fibers 2 in the triboelectric nanogenerator 6 are brought closer or further apart, thereby causing the triboelectric nanogenerator 6 to generate a continuous voltage.

[0085] S4. By measuring the coordinates of a series of peaks and troughs generated by the triboelectric nanogenerator 6, the breathing frequency R is obtained. f The expression is:

[0086]

[0087] Where △T is the time interval.

[0088] Specifically, the triboelectric nanogenerator 6 generates a signal during the i-th breath in a single respiratory motion. i (i), te (i), A i (i) and A e The expression for (i) is as follows:

[0089] t i (i) = tmax(i) - tmin(i)

[0090] t e (i) = tmin(i+1) - tmax(i)

[0091] A i (i) = Vmax(i) - Vmin(i)

[0092] A e (i) = Vmin(i+1) - Vmax(i)

[0093] Among them, t i (i) represents the time spent during the i-th inhalation, t e (i) represents the time spent during the i-th exhalation, A i (i) represents the voltage change amplitude of the triboelectric nanogenerator 6 during the i-th intake, A e (i) represents the voltage amplitude of the triboelectric nanogenerator 6 during the i-th exhalation. The trough and peak coordinates of the triboelectric nanogenerator 6 during the i-th exhalation are (tmin(i), Vmin(i)) and (tmax(i), Vmax(i)), respectively. tmin(i) is the time point corresponding to the minimum output voltage of the triboelectric nanogenerator 6 during the i-th exhalation, tmax(i) is the time point corresponding to the maximum output voltage of the triboelectric nanogenerator 6 during the i-th exhalation, Vmin(i) is the minimum output voltage of the triboelectric nanogenerator 6 during the i-th exhalation, and Vmax(i) is the maximum output voltage of the triboelectric nanogenerator 6 during the i-th exhalation.

[0094] If the time consumed during inhalation and exhalation and the magnitude of voltage change are known, then the rate of inhalation v i The rate of exhalation, v e If the ratio of inhalation to exhalation is I:E, then the i-th time v i (i), v e The expressions for (i) and I:E(i) are as follows:

[0095]

[0096]

[0097]

[0098] Among them, t i (i) represents the time spent during the i-th inhalation, t e(i) represents the time spent during the i-th exhalation, A i (i) represents the voltage change amplitude of the triboelectric nanogenerator 6 of the fish-inspired lateral line system during the i-th inhalation, A e (i) represents the voltage amplitude of the triboelectric nanogenerator 6 mimicking the lateral line system of a fish during the i-th exhalation, v i v is the speed of inhalation. e The rate of exhalation.

[0099] The following describes in further detail the triboelectric nanogenerator 6 that mimics the lateral line of a fish and the respiration monitoring method of the present invention, with reference to the embodiments:

[0100] S1. Based on the structural characteristics of the lateral line of fish, select the material for fabricating the triboelectric nanogenerator 6.

[0101] S2. Fabrication of triboelectric nanogenerators using electrostatic flocking and sacrificial template methods:

[0102] S21. A latex balloon 1 with nylon flocking 5 on the inner surface is made using electrostatic flocking technology.

[0103] S211. Place the cleaned latex balloon 1 (initial diameter 6mm, thickness 260μm, initial length 150mm) onto the metal rod (diameter 6mm, length 600mm). In order to implant more nylon flocking 5 on the unit area of ​​the latex balloon 1, the latex balloon 1 needs to be stretched to 300mm and then fixed. Use a brush to evenly apply electrostatic flocking adhesive to the surface of the latex balloon 1.

[0104] S212. Place the nylon fluff 5 (specification: 1.5D (diameter 17μm) * 0.6mm) evenly on the metal plate and connect it to the positive terminal of the electrostatic flocking machine. Connect the metal rod with the latex balloon 1 attached to it to the negative terminal of the electrostatic flocking machine. Due to electrostatic attraction, the nylon fluff 5 flies along the electric field lines and is evenly fixed on the surface of the latex balloon 1.

[0105] S213. Place the latex balloon 1 with nylon fluff 5 fixed on its surface in the oven and bake at 60℃~80℃ for ten to twenty minutes. After cooling, use a hair dryer to remove excess fluff and flip the side of the latex balloon 1 with nylon fluff 5 to the inside.

[0106] S22. A porous silicone rubber 3 with silver-plated nylon fibers 2 inside is produced using the sacrificial template method.

[0107] S221. Mix the two components of silicone rubber 4 (model: Ecoflex00-30, Smooth-On) in a 1:1 weight ratio to prepare a silicone rubber solution, and use a vacuum pump to degas for 5 to 10 minutes to remove air bubbles.

[0108] S222. Use a syringe to inject the silicone rubber solution into a PTFE hollow tube (inner diameter 3mm; outer diameter 4mm). After curing at room temperature for 4 hours, peel the cylindrical silicone rubber out of the PTFE hollow tube to obtain a cylindrical silicone rubber.

[0109] S223. After spirally winding the silver-plated nylon fiber 2 (0.17 mm in diameter) along the axial direction of the cylindrical silicone rubber, a layer of silicone rubber 4 is evenly applied to the cylindrical silicone rubber with the silver-plated nylon fiber 2 wound on using a brush. NaCl particles (0.15 mm to 0.2 mm in diameter) are tightly stacked in the silicone rubber liquid as a sacrificial template. After curing at room temperature for 4 hours, the silicone rubber is immersed in water for 72 hours to remove the NaCl particles.

[0110] S23. Place the porous silicone rubber 3 with silver-plated nylon fibers 2 inside, obtained in step S22, into a latex balloon 1 with nylon fluff 5 on the inner surface. Use a syringe to inject gas into the latex balloon 1, and use a sealing clip to seal the latex balloon 1 to obtain a triboelectric nanogenerator 6. Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown.

[0111] S3. Mechanical and output characteristics tests were conducted on the triboelectric nanogenerator 6: First, the mechanical properties of the triboelectric nanogenerator 6 were tested. The triboelectric nanogenerator 6 can adapt to any three-dimensional surface and various deformations. The porous silicone rubber 3 with silver-plated nylon fibers 2 and the latex balloon 1 with nylon fluff 5 in the triboelectric nanogenerator 6 both showed good tensile strength and good applicability. Then, the effects of microstructure, contact pressure, and repeated water washing on the output characteristics of the triboelectric nanogenerator 6 were tested. Finally, the feasibility of using the triboelectric nanogenerator 6 for monitoring human respiratory status was tested.

[0112] Figure 6 The figure shows the voltage output characteristics of triboelectric nanogenerators 6 with different microstructures. C1: non-porous without nylon fibers 5; C2: non-porous with nylon fibers 5; C3: porous without nylon fibers 5; and C4: porous with nylon fibers 5. As can be seen from the figure, the maximum output voltage of the triboelectric nanogenerator 6 under the four different surface structures of the friction layer are 13.95V, 20.59V, 34.44V, and 54.74V, respectively. The voltage output characteristics of the triboelectric nanogenerator 6 with both the porous structure and the nylon fibers 5 structure are significantly better than the other three structures. The maximum output voltage of the final structure C4 is 3.92 times that of the initial structure C1. The presence of the porous structure and the nylon fibers 5 structure can significantly improve the output performance of the triboelectric nanogenerator 6.

[0113] Figure 7The figure shows the voltage output characteristics of the triboelectric nanogenerator 6 under different contact pressures at the same motion frequency. As can be seen from the figure, the voltage sensitivity coefficients of the triboelectric nanogenerator 6 are 2.26 V / kPa, 1.03 V / kPa, and 0.32 V / kPa in the pressure ranges of 0 kPa to 4.87 kPa, 4.87 kPa to 33.17 kPa, and 33.17 kPa to 82.61 kPa, respectively, exhibiting excellent sensitivity.

[0114] Figure 8 The figure shows the voltage output characteristics of the triboelectric nanogenerator after 65 cycles of repeated washing under compression. As can be seen from the figure, the voltage output performance of the triboelectric nanogenerator 6 remains good after 5 washing cycles, without significant decrease, demonstrating excellent washability.

[0115] The triboelectric nanogenerator 6 is combined with an elastic band 7 and fixed to the abdomen of the human body for monitoring human respiration. The triboelectric nanogenerator 6 is sewn onto the elastic band 7 using yarn 8, and the sealing clips at both ends of the triboelectric nanogenerator 6 are fixed with black tape 9. Figure 9 The image shown is a photograph of the triboelectric nanogenerator 6 integrated with the elastic band 7. When a person inhales or exhales air, the volume of the chest cavity and abdomen increases or decreases, causing the two friction layers of the triboelectric nanogenerator 6 to gradually move closer or further apart. By repeating the inhalation and exhalation process, the triboelectric nanogenerator 6 can generate a continuous voltage output.

[0116] Figure 10 The figure shows the voltage output characteristics of the triboelectric nanogenerator 6 under different breathing modes. It can be seen from the figure that there are significant differences in breathing depth and breathing speed among the three different breathing modes. Specifically, C2 has more voltage peaks per unit time compared to C1 and C3, and C3 exhibits a larger voltage variation amplitude compared to C1 and C2.

[0117] This invention can obtain the coordinates of a series of peaks and troughs in the voltage output signal of a triboelectric nanogenerator 6. Figure 11 As shown Figure 10 Under C1, the voltage output characteristics of the triboelectric nanogenerator 6 are shown. In the figure, “▽” and “△” represent the coordinates of the peak and trough (tmax, Vmax) and (tmin, -Vmin), respectively. As can be seen from the figure, the present invention can accurately mark the location of the peak and trough. Figure 12 As shown Figure 10 Voltage output characteristics of the triboelectric nanogenerator 6 under a single respiratory motion.

[0118] The embodiments described above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Various modifications and improvements made by those skilled in the art to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit of the present invention should fall within the protection scope defined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A triboelectric nanogenerator mimicking the lateral line of a fish, comprising a latex balloon, silver-plated nylon fibers, porous silicone rubber, silicone rubber, and nylon fibers, characterized in that, The nylon fibers are uniformly distributed on the inner surface of the latex balloon, the silver-plated nylon fibers are located inside the latex balloon, the latex balloon serves as the encapsulation layer and support structure of the triboelectric nanogenerator, the silicone rubber is located inside the silver-plated nylon fibers, the porous silicone rubber is located outside the silver-plated nylon fibers, the nylon fibers and the porous silicone rubber serve as the friction layer of the triboelectric nanogenerator, and the silver-plated nylon fibers serve as the electrode material of the triboelectric nanogenerator; The method for fabricating the triboelectric nanogenerator includes the following specific steps: S1. Based on the structural characteristics of the lateral line of fish, select materials for fabricating triboelectric nanogenerators; S2. Fabrication of triboelectric nanogenerators using electrostatic flocking and sacrificial template methods: S21. Using electrostatic flocking technology, a latex balloon with nylon flocking on its inner surface is made; the specific steps of step S21 include: S211. Attach the latex balloon to the metal rod and stretch the latex balloon to 300mm before fixing it. Apply electrostatic flocking adhesive evenly to the surface of the latex balloon. S212. Use an electrostatic flocking machine to evenly fix nylon flocking onto the surface of a latex balloon attached to a metal rod to obtain a latex balloon with nylon flocking. S213. Place the latex balloon with nylon fluff obtained in step S212 in the oven and bake for 10-20 minutes. After baking, remove and cool. Turn the side of the latex balloon with nylon fluff inside the latex balloon. S22. Using the sacrificial template method to produce porous silicone rubber with silver-plated nylon fibers inside; The specific manufacturing steps of step S22 include: S221. Prepare a silicone rubber solution and degas the silicone rubber solution using a vacuum pump; S222. Inject the silicone rubber solution obtained in step S221 into a PTFE hollow tube and cure it to obtain a cylindrical silicone rubber. S223. Spiral wind silver-plated nylon fiber along the axis of cylindrical silicone rubber, and apply a layer of silicone rubber to the cylindrical silicone rubber with silver-plated nylon fiber wound on it. At the same time, sprinkle NaCl particles on the cylindrical silicone rubber coated with silicone rubber, and after curing, put it in water to remove the NaCl particles. S23. The porous silicone rubber with silver-plated nylon fibers inside obtained in step S22 is placed into a latex balloon with nylon fluff on the inner surface, and gas is filled into the latex balloon to seal it, thus obtaining a triboelectric nanogenerator. S3. Mechanical and output characteristics of the triboelectric nanogenerator were tested.

2. The fish lateral line mimicking tribo-nano generator according to claim 1, wherein, In step S21, the temperature of the oven is 60℃~80℃.

3. The fish lateral line mimicking tribo-nano generator according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, In step S22, the curing time is 4 hours, and the diameter of the NaCl particles is 0.15~0.2 mm.

4. A respiration monitoring method of the fish-like lateral line mimicking tribo-nanogenerator according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, The specific operating steps are as follows: S1. Use yarn to sew the triboelectric nanogenerator onto the elastic band, and use black tape to fix the sealing clips at both ends of the triboelectric nanogenerator. S2. Place the elastic band with the fixed triboelectric nanogenerator at the breathing detection position; S3, by the change of exhaled or inhaled gas, make the latex balloon with nylon fluff and the porous silicone rubber with silver-plated nylon fiber close or far away in the triboelectric nanogenerator, so as to make the triboelectric nanogenerator generate continuous voltage; S4, by measuring the coordinate points of a series of wave crests and troughs generated by the frictional nanogenerator, obtaining the respiratory frequency R f The expression is: ； wherein is a time interval.

5. The method of respiration monitoring of the fish lateral line mimicking tribo-nano generator according to claim 4, wherein, Frictional nanogenerator in the i-th breath motion t i (i), t e (i), A i (i) and A e The expression of (i) is as follows: ； ； ； ； Among them, t i (i) represents the time spent during the i-th inhalation, t e (i) represents the time spent during the i-th exhalation, A i (i) represents the voltage change amplitude of the triboelectric nanogenerator in the fish-inspired lateral line system during the i-th inhalation, A e (i) represents the voltage amplitude of the triboelectric nanogenerator of the fish-like lateral line system during the i-th exhalation. The trough and peak coordinates of the triboelectric nanogenerator during the i-th exhalation are (tmin(i), Vmin(i)) and (tmax(i), Vmax(i)), respectively. tmin(i) is the time point corresponding to the minimum output voltage of the triboelectric nanogenerator during the i-th exhalation, tmax(i) is the time point corresponding to the maximum output voltage of the triboelectric nanogenerator during the i-th exhalation, Vmin(i) is the minimum output voltage of the triboelectric nanogenerator during the i-th exhalation, and Vmax(i) is the maximum output voltage of the triboelectric nanogenerator during the i-th exhalation.

6. The respiration monitoring method of the fish lateral line mimicking tribo-nano generator according to claim 4, wherein, If the time consumed during inhalation and exhalation and the magnitude of voltage change are known, then the rate of inhalation v i The rate of exhalation, v e If the ratio of inhalation to exhalation is I:E, then the i-th time v i (i), v e The expressions for (i) and I:E(i) are as follows: ； ； ； Among them, t i (i) represents the time spent during the i-th inhalation, t e (i) represents the time spent during the i-th exhalation, A i (i) represents the voltage change amplitude of the triboelectric nanogenerator in the fish-inspired lateral line system during the i-th inhalation, A e (i) represents the voltage amplitude of the triboelectric nanogenerator in the fish-inspired lateral line system during the i-th exhalation, v i v is the speed of inhalation. e The rate of exhalation.

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