A tilt-up steel column installation monitoring system and method

Abstract

The application provides a kind of installation monitoring system of inclined steel column, for monitoring the installation process of inclined steel column, including fixed part, be configured in at least one position of the inclined steel column, to limit the freedom of movement of the inclined steel column in vertical and / or horizontal direction;Detection part, configured as at least one sensor component to obtain at least one state parameter about fixed part;Processing part, the at least one state parameter is processed into early warning information that can be transmitted;Monitoring part, based on monitoring part and the real-time distance of inclined steel column adaptively determines the transmission parameter of communication part;Communication part, early warning information is wirelessly transmitted to monitoring part, so that supervisory personnel can find the column shape and / or motion state change of inclined steel column in the process of installation and fixation in time, while monitoring part adaptively adjusts data transmission parameter to ensure the efficiency, timeliness and accuracy of data transmission.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of building construction, and specifically to a monitoring system and method for the installation of inclined steel columns. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, steel structures are widely used in super high-rise buildings and large-span spatial structures, such as various skyscrapers, TV towers, financial centers, stadiums, exhibition centers, theaters, airport terminals, aircraft hangars, and some industrial plants. With the development and maturation of steel structures, many large public buildings now use inclined steel columns to achieve desired architectural effects. Generally, the construction process of inclined steel columns includes necessary steps such as design, hoisting, temporary support, final fixing, and other processing. After preliminary simulation calculations, the quantity, location, size, and material parameters of the inclined steel columns are determined, and a construction plan is formulated. Then, a crane or tower crane is used to lift the prefabricated inclined steel columns from the ground and precisely position them at the designated location. The inclined steel columns are then embedded in the concrete foundation and fixed with anchor bolts. Afterwards, anti-overturning bracing, lateral stabilizing bracing, and top reinforcement bracing are installed to ensure that the inclined steel columns can withstand building loads and wind loads. If necessary, subsequent processing such as cutting and welding is also required on the steel columns. It is evident that the construction process of inclined steel columns is relatively complex, requiring control of many key construction points and demanding high precision.

[0003] However, current safety monitoring of the installation process of inclined steel columns at construction sites typically relies on regular on-site inspections and monitoring to promptly identify and address any safety hazards, ensuring the smooth progress of the entire construction process. Supervisory personnel mostly rely on cumbersome monitoring equipment, such as total stations and inclinometers, to monitor the construction process of inclined steel columns, combined with their own experience and personal judgment to evaluate the safety of the construction process. This makes it difficult for supervisors to detect subtle changes in the inclined steel columns during the initial stages of instability. Furthermore, the cumbersome nature and low sensitivity of the equipment result in significant time lag in this monitoring model. Moreover, the dominance of subjective judgment by supervisors leads to a lack of objective data support for safety monitoring, resulting in inaccurate monitoring results. These outdated monitoring methods are highly susceptible to missing critical monitoring time / spatial points during the construction process of inclined steel columns, causing the steel column position to deviate from the intended location and affecting the stability of the entire building structure. Moreover, inclined steel columns are extremely prone to deformation during construction. If the connection between the inclined steel column and the temporary fixing system is not firm, it may loosen or even break during installation. This could cause the inclined steel column to be subjected to excessive instantaneous loads that exceed expectations, ultimately leading to serious accidents such as deformation or breakage of the steel column, which would seriously threaten the safety of life and property at the construction site.

[0004] Therefore, reliable and effective safety monitoring of the inclined steel column construction process is crucial to ensuring construction results and safety. Although current digital modeling technology is very mature and can be used to predict and analyze the structural characteristics of inclined steel columns and identify potential risk factors in advance through simulation, this method has high design, installation, and maintenance costs, and it cannot monitor the deformation of the inclined steel column itself, especially the occurrence of minute deformations.

[0005] Furthermore, due to the numerous construction sites, supervisors find it difficult to oversee all the details of construction inspections. However, for inclined steel columns, even minor deformations or slight displacements can easily lead to misalignment, installation failures, and significantly reduced stability during the subsequent installation of the main structure. Existing detectors used to monitor the status of construction sites are difficult to equip with intelligent processing components due to cost constraints. Because of the large number of detectors and their susceptibility to damage, a single host is typically used to receive and process data from each detector. However, this host, used for monitoring, is usually carried by the supervisor and circulates throughout the construction site. When the distance between the host and the detector exceeds a certain value, data transmission efficiency significantly decreases, resulting in substantial data packet loss. This leads to discontinuous monitoring of the inclined steel columns, making it impossible to detect minor deformations or displacements in a timely manner. However, continuously using high-power signal transmission would affect the detector's battery life and generate signal noise that could interfere with other nearby electronic devices.

[0006] Furthermore, on the one hand, there are differences in understanding among those skilled in the art; on the other hand, the applicant studied a large number of documents and patents when making this invention, but due to space limitations, not all details and contents were listed in detail. However, this does not mean that the present invention does not possess the features of these prior art. On the contrary, the present invention already possesses all the features of the prior art, and the applicant reserves the right to add relevant prior art to the background art. Summary of the Invention

[0007] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a monitoring system and method for the installation of inclined steel columns, enabling supervisors to promptly detect changes in the column shape and / or movement state during the installation and fixing process. Simultaneously, it adaptively adjusts transmission parameters based on the transmission distance to ensure efficient, timely, and accurate data transmission.

[0008] This invention provides an installation monitoring system for inclined steel columns, used to monitor the installation process of inclined steel columns, including:

[0009] A fixing part is attached and fixed to the inclined steel column to restrict the degree of freedom of movement of the inclined steel column in the vertical and / or horizontal directions. Preferably, the fixing part is disposed at at least one position on the inclined steel column.

[0010] A detection unit, attached and fixed to the fixing unit, is configured as at least one sensing component disposed on the fixing unit to obtain at least one state parameter related to the shape and / or motion state of the inclined steel column itself.

[0011] The processing unit generates and transmits early warning information related to the shape and / or motion state of the inclined steel column based on the state parameters.

[0012] The transmission parameters of the early warning information are determined based on the distance between the inclined steel column and the monitoring unit.

[0013] Preferably, the installation monitoring system provided by the present invention further includes a communication unit, which is used to wirelessly transmit the early warning information related to the shape and / or movement state of the inclined steel column to the monitoring unit, which is configured as a mobile intelligent terminal device carried by the supervisor.

[0014] Preferably, the monitoring unit is used to detect the distance between itself and the inclined steel column to determine the transmission parameters of the communication unit, and to output early warning information to the supervisors in a visual form, wherein the visual form includes at least image display, sound and light warning, etc.

[0015] The monitoring unit detects the distance between itself and the inclined steel column, including:

[0016] The channel attribute quantity of the communication channel is detected, and the distance between the communication unit and the monitoring unit is determined based on the relationship between the channel attribute quantity and the distance.

[0017] Preferably, the channel attribute quantities include one or more of the signal-to-noise ratio, signal strength, and packet loss rate when the communication unit transmits early warning information. Changes in the channel attribute quantities of the communication channel indicate a change in the distance between the monitoring unit and the communication unit. For example, if the signal strength decreases, the signal-to-noise ratio decreases, or the packet loss rate increases, it indicates that the distance between the monitoring unit and the communication unit has increased; conversely, it indicates that the distance between the monitoring unit and the communication unit has decreased.

[0018] The monitoring unit determines the communication unit's transmission parameters based on the distance, including:

[0019] Based on the distance, the monitoring unit adjusts the transmission parameters of the communication unit according to the empirical formula of transmission parameters - transmission distance, or, based on the distance, the monitoring unit adjusts the transmission parameters of the communication unit according to the preset calibration transmission parameters.

[0020] Preferably, the empirical formula for transmission parameters-transmission distance includes one or more of the empirical formulas for transmission frequency-transmission distance, transmission power-transmission distance, and transmission information density-transmission distance.

[0021] Preferably, the transmission parameter is one or more of transmission power, transmission information density, and transmission frequency, and the adjustment content when switching the transmission parameter includes adjusting the transmission frequency, adjusting the transmission power, and adjusting the transmission information density.

[0022] More preferably, the transmission parameters of the communication unit include at least a preset first transmission parameter that is different from each other and a second transmission parameter that is adjusted according to the distance.

[0023] Preferably, the sensing component includes at least a force sensor for detecting changes in the shape of the column and an angle sensor for detecting changes in the motion state of the inclined steel column, and the state parameters of the fixing part include at least column shape change parameters and motion state change parameters.

[0024] Preferably, the early warning information includes at least a first type of early warning related to changes in the shape of the column, a second type of early warning related to changes in the motion state, and a third type of early warning related to both the shape and motion state of the column. The first type of early warning refers to a slight deformation of the inclined steel column, the second type of early warning refers to displacement of the inclined steel column, and the third type of early warning refers to simultaneous deformation and displacement of the inclined steel column.

[0025] Preferably, the monitoring unit is configured as a mobile intelligent terminal device carried by the supervisor. Especially for larger construction sites, supervisors often need to patrol the site to check the equipment, environment, and construction progress at various locations; therefore, the monitoring unit is mobile.

[0026] This invention also provides a method for monitoring the installation of inclined steel columns, comprising the following steps:

[0027] S1: An installation monitoring system for inclined steel columns is adopted, which includes at least a fixed part and a mobile monitoring part configured on the inclined steel column;

[0028] S2: The fixing part is arranged at at least one position on the inclined steel column in such a way as to limit the degree of freedom of movement of the inclined steel column in the vertical and / or horizontal directions;

[0029] S3: Acquire at least one state parameter related to the shape and / or motion state of the inclined steel column itself based on at least one sensing component disposed on the fixed part;

[0030] S4: Generate and transmit early warning information related to the shape and / or motion state of the inclined steel column based on the state parameters;

[0031] in,

[0032] The transmission parameters of the early warning information are determined based on the distance between the inclined steel column and the monitoring unit.

[0033] Preferably, the monitoring unit determines the transmission parameters of the communication unit based on the distance, including:

[0034] Based on the distance, the monitoring unit adjusts the transmission parameters of the communication unit according to an empirical formula of transmission parameters minus transmission distance; or, based on the distance, the monitoring unit adjusts the transmission parameters of the communication unit according to preset calibration transmission parameters. More preferably, the transmission parameters of the communication unit include at least two preset transmission parameters that are different from each other, and a second transmission parameter adjusted according to the distance.

[0035] Preferably, the empirical formula for transmission parameters-transmission distance includes one or more of the empirical formulas for transmission frequency-transmission distance, transmission power-transmission distance, and transmission information density-transmission distance.

[0036] Preferably, the early warning information includes at least a first type of early warning related to changes in the shape of the column, a second type of early warning related to changes in the motion state, and a third type of early warning related to both the shape and motion state of the column. The first type of early warning refers to a slight deformation of the inclined steel column, the second type of early warning refers to displacement of the inclined steel column, and the third type of early warning refers to simultaneous deformation and displacement of the inclined steel column.

[0037] This invention provides an installation monitoring system for inclined steel columns. The detection unit is mounted on a fixed component, which can be selectively arranged at multiple key monitoring points on the inclined steel column. This flexible arrangement allows supervisors to comprehensively monitor key monitoring points throughout the construction process. Furthermore, the detection unit incorporates two types of sensors capable of detecting both column deformation and motion. This allows for risk assessment of the installation process from both dimensions, improving the comprehensiveness and accuracy of evaluating various risks that may arise during installation. The visualized monitoring results enable supervisors to directly observe changes in the inclined steel column's state during installation and promptly detect any abnormalities to prevent major accidents. This ensures construction safety while also improving construction efficiency and precision.

[0038] Furthermore, the installation monitoring system for inclined steel columns provided by this invention can adaptively adjust the information transmission mode of the communication unit based on the real-time distance between the supervisor and the inclined steel column. Regarding transmission power, this invention provides an adaptive optimal transmission mode selection to address the dilemma of high-power transmission over long distances causing noise interference from other electronic devices on site, versus low-power transmission over medium to long distances causing data loss. Regarding transmission frequency, within a certain range, the transmission distance decreases as the transmission frequency increases. This is because high-frequency signals are easily blocked by buildings, trees, etc., and their attenuation rate is faster. However, low-frequency signals also face the same problem when the transmission distance exceeds a certain range. When a signal crosses a long distance, it encounters significant signal attenuation and interference, leading to a decrease in signal quality and difficulty in effective transmission. This invention can appropriately adjust the transmission frequency to ensure optimal transmission when the distance changes. Regarding information density, transmitting a large amount of information over a long distance requires higher bandwidth and faster data transmission speed. If the transmission distance is short, transmission can be performed at a lower speed even if the bandwidth is insufficient. Therefore, when the transmission distance increases or decreases, the present invention can adjust the transmission information density to be adaptively reduced or increased in order to ensure transmission speed and transmission effect.

[0039] It is evident that the monitoring system provided by this invention can significantly improve data transmission quality, significantly reduce noise interference to surrounding electronic devices, and ultimately significantly improve the timeliness of supervisors in detecting potential safety hazards during the construction of inclined steel columns, enabling reliable and timely safety monitoring of important nodes in the installation and fixing process of inclined steel columns. Attached Figure Description

[0040] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the composition of a monitoring system according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of an inclined steel column installation structure according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a sleeve structure according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

[0043] List of reference numerals

[0044] 100: Fixing section; 200: Inspection section; 300: Processing section; 400: Monitoring section; 500: Communication section; 600: Inclined steel column; 101: Rigid support foundation; 102: Flexible support component; 103: First sleeve; 104: Second sleeve; 105: Temporary truss; 106: First plate; 107: Second plate; 108: Fastener. Detailed Implementation

[0045] It should be noted that when a component is referred to as being "fixed to" or "set on" another component, it can be directly on the other component or there may be an intermediate component. When a component is considered to be "connected to" another component, it can be directly connected to the other component or there may be an intermediate component present. The terms "vertical," "horizontal," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," and similar expressions used in this application's specification are for illustrative purposes only and do not represent the only possible implementation.

[0046] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of that feature. In the description of this application, "multiple" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0047] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used in this application have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs. The terminology used in this application is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the application. The term "and / or" as used in this application includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

[0048] This invention provides an installation monitoring system for inclined steel columns, used to monitor the installation process of inclined steel columns. The system aims to promptly detect changes in the column's shape and / or movement during installation and fixing, enabling construction personnel to promptly identify abnormal states and prevent major accidents, thus ensuring production and personal safety. Furthermore, the installation monitoring system of this invention also incorporates an adaptive and self-adjusting data transmission mode to ensure efficient, timely, and accurate data transmission, providing reliable and timely safety monitoring of critical nodes in the installation and fixing process of inclined steel columns.

[0049] like Figure 1 As shown, the installation monitoring system of the present invention includes a fixing part 100, which is configured at at least one position on the inclined steel column to limit the degree of freedom of movement of the inclined steel column in the vertical and / or horizontal directions. Preferably, the fixing part 100 is composed of a flexible support device, a rigid support device, and an auxiliary cooperating device to achieve a temporary fixing effect on the inclined steel column at a specific inclination angle.

[0050] According to a preferred embodiment, such as Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown, the fixing part 100 of the present invention includes a rigid foundation 101 formed by concrete pouring, preferably a cup-shaped rigid foundation member so that the bottom end of the inclined steel column 600 can be inserted into the cup opening of the rigid foundation 101. The fixing part 100 also includes a flexible support member 102, preferably a guy rope sleeve with a stable triangular configuration with the ground. In addition, the fixing part 100 also includes a temporary truss 105 for limiting the displacement of the free end of the inclined steel column 600, and a plurality of sleeves disposed on the column body of the inclined steel column 600 and connected to the flexible support member 102. The sleeves are at least located near the connection position between the inclined steel column 600 and the rigid support foundation 101, such as... Figure 2 The first sleeve 103 is shown. Other sleeves installed on the inclined steel column 600 need to be used in conjunction with other temporary fixing mechanisms to temporarily fix the inclined steel column 600, such as... Figure 2 The second sleeve 104 is shown in the figure.

[0051] Furthermore, according to a preferred embodiment, such as Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the sleeve is preferably a hollow tubular structure formed by fastening together a first sleeve plate 106 and a second sleeve plate 107, and is formed together with the inclined steel column 600. The shape and size of its inner wall are consistent with the surface of the inclined steel column 600. The first sleeve plate 106 and the second sleeve plate 107 are fastened to the surface of the inclined steel column 600 by fasteners 108, which are preferably fastening bolts with high strength and hardness.

[0052] Furthermore, the sleeve is equipped with several sensing components for acquiring different types of signals, preferably a pair of force sensors arranged opposite each other and an angle sensor disposed on the outer wall of the sleeve, to acquire the force changes and tilt angle changes of the inclined steel column at the sleeve fixing point. The specific location or dimensions of the sensing components installed on the inner wall of the sleeve are not shown in the figures, and the present invention does not limit this. Preferably, the sleeve can also be configured as multiple sleeve groups with different structural or material strengths, such as... Figure 2As shown, the first sleeve 103, with higher strength, is selected and positioned near the connection point between the inclined steel column 600 and the rigid support foundation 101. The second sleeve 104 and the third sleeve (not shown in the figure), with slightly lower strength, are selected and positioned in the middle and end sections of the inclined steel column 600, respectively. Simultaneously, a corresponding number of sensor groups are configured on each of the sleeves to acquire information on the stress and tilt angle changes at the ends and middle of the inclined steel column 600, thereby achieving intuitive data-driven monitoring of the column shape and working status in different areas of the inclined steel column 600. Preferably, the number of sleeves can be appropriately increased based on factors such as construction difficulty, tilt angle, and column specifications. For example, in a bidirectional inclined double-steel-column system, the center of gravity of the steel columns is outside the rigid foundation, and the two steel columns tilt to the left and right respectively, and also tilt outwards relative to their respective rigid foundations. In this complex double-column system, the joint or overlap of the two columns is the most prone to deformation or displacement. Therefore, the sleeve provided by this invention, which can detect the shape and movement of the column, needs to be installed at this location to avoid missing the critical monitoring signals of key points.

[0053] According to a preferred embodiment, such as Figure 1 As shown, the installation monitoring system of the present invention further includes a detection unit 200 and a processing unit 300. The detection unit 200 is configured with at least one sensing component disposed on the fixing part 100 to acquire at least one state parameter regarding the fixing part 100. The processing unit 300 processes the at least one state parameter into a transmittable warning message. Preferably, the sensing component of the detection unit 200 is configured as a force sensor and an angle sensor. The force sensors are arranged in pairs on the contact wall surface of the inclined steel column and the sleeve, for detecting changes in the force on the contact wall surface between the inclined steel column and the sleeve. The force sensors are preferably pressure sensors.

[0054] Generally, the installation and fixing process of inclined steel columns involves four stages: positioning design, positioning re-measurement, installation positioning, and installation correction. In the positioning design stage, a detailed model design of the inclined steel column is required, and the spatial grid must be correctly imported into the model. The theoretical coordinates of the center point of the upper end of the inclined steel column are calculated based on the known base point coordinates, serving as the reference value for positioning correction. Furthermore, due to the considerable self-weight of the inclined steel column, the flexible support mechanisms typically used for auxiliary fixing, such as guy ropes or wire ropes, will undergo significant subsequent deformation due to the column's weight. Therefore, this subsequent deformation value must be included in the calculation during the positioning design stage to enable anti-pre-deflection control during the positioning of the inclined steel column. In addition, technicians need to use preliminary software simulation to convert the target tilt state of the inclined steel column into multi-angle projections and distances on the ground to guide the construction personnel in the initial installation of the inclined steel column. Next comes the positioning and re-measurement phase. Before the formal installation of the inclined steel column, technicians need to remeasure and verify the length and cross-sectional dimensions of the column to control the hoisting elevation. Then, in the installation and positioning phase, the inclined steel column is hoisted into position according to the theoretical angle. Its lower end is connected and fixed to a rigid foundation (or rigid fixing mechanism), while its upper end is temporarily secured using flexible support devices such as wire ropes, guy ropes, and hand-operated hoists, as well as temporary support frames. Next comes the inclined steel column installation and correction phase. By adjusting the support effect of the temporary fixing mechanism on the upper and lower sections of the inclined steel column, the tilt angle is fine-tuned to conform to the preset tilt angle and finally fixed. Afterward, the temporary fixing devices are removed, completing the installation of the inclined steel column.

[0055] In a preferred embodiment of this invention, the sleeve with detection function should be fitted onto the inclined steel column before the installation and positioning stage to reflect the column's shape and movement during installation and positioning and correction. This is because the installation and positioning stage and the installation and correction stage are the most prone to construction errors and accidents. When temporarily fixing the inclined steel column, the inclined working steel column may undergo slight deformation or angular displacement due to construction actions. If construction personnel or supervisors do not promptly detect these slight deviations and make corresponding adjustments, the construction result of the inclined steel column will deviate from the preset plan, causing the overall structure, including the inclined steel column, to lose its due structural strength, or even fail to achieve the designed compressive, bending, and seismic performance. The process of removing the temporary fixing device after correcting the inclined steel column is a process prone to accidents, especially when the final fixing result of the inclined steel column is unknown. Construction personnel may rashly remove the temporary fixing device before the inclined steel column has reached a stable tilt state, causing the inclined steel column to shake or sway, posing a great operational risk to the workers. If construction workers do not handle the slight movements or deformations of the tilted steel columns in a timely and proper manner, the tilted steel columns may even overturn, which will seriously threaten the safety of life and property at the construction site.

[0056] Therefore, by installing a force sensor on the contact surface between the casing and the inclined steel column, if the inclined steel column undergoes a slight displacement or deformation, the contact area between the force sensor and the inner wall of the casing, as well as the direction of the contact force, will change, thus altering the force exerted by the inclined steel column on the inner wall of the casing. Therefore, before the temporary fixing device is removed, the change in the mutual contact force between the casing and the inclined steel column can indicate the change in the motion state of the inclined steel column. However, after the auxiliary support mechanism is removed, if the inclined steel column rotates or swings, even though the difference in mass between the inclined steel column and the casing will cause a certain difference in acceleration, resulting in changes in the contact area and contact pressure between the inclined steel column and the casing, this change is transient and minute. The motion state of the casing will quickly align with that of the inclined steel column. Therefore, at this stage, this transient and minute change should not be used as an early warning standard. In other words, after the auxiliary support mechanism is removed, the change in the contact force between the casing and the inclined steel column cannot be used as the primary reference factor for changes in the motion state of the inclined steel column.

[0057] Therefore, this invention further incorporates an angle sensor on the sleeve as a detection method with higher sensitivity and faster response speed to compensate for the lack of application of the force sensor during the installation and calibration phase. Correspondingly, the angle sensor also presents the problem of being unsuitable for use during the installation and positioning phase, because the tilt angle of the inclined steel column is constantly changing due to other construction operations during this phase. At this time, the force sensor is more accurate; therefore, the force sensor and angle sensor should be used in conjunction.

[0058] Since the displacement or angular change of the inclined steel column during the fixing process can be regarded as the rotation or swing motion of the inclined steel column around the connection point between the rigid support foundation and the inclined steel column, the angle sensor is preferably a gyroscope. This gyroscope can determine the current rotational motion state of the inclined steel column by measuring its own angular velocity, and can also determine whether the inclined steel column has a forward, backward, left, or right rotational motion trend relative to the connection point. However, using a gyroscope cannot determine the spatial orientation of the inclined steel column, especially when multiple inclined steel columns are constructed together. Therefore, a nine-axis angle sensor is preferred, and more preferably, a combined nine-axis sensor that fuses the detection results of a three-axis accelerometer, a three-axis gyroscope, and a three-axis electronic compass through Euler angles and quaternion data. This combined nine-axis sensor can detect the motion state of the inclined steel column, obtain its angular velocity, and determine its specific direction of motion in space. In scenarios where multiple steel columns are constructed together, if only the motion state change of a single steel column relative to its connection point is considered, it is impossible to predict the possible collisions that may occur when the inclined steel columns move in space. Therefore, for the joint construction of multiple steel columns, it is preferable to use a nine-axis sensor to measure their tilt, so that construction workers and supervisors can connect the spatial orientation of each tilted steel column. This avoids the tilting and deflection of individual tilted steel columns, as well as preventing collisions between the tilted steel columns when the tilt angle is uncontrollable.

[0059] In particular, the sleeve and sensors can also be distributed in an array with variable density based on the stress changes of the inclined steel column. The stress distribution of the inclined steel column has a non-linear mapping relationship with its inclination angle and column length. Therefore, it is preferable to arrange the sensor distribution density according to the stress distribution density of the inclined steel column.

[0060] Furthermore, according to a preferred embodiment, the fixing part 100 is further equipped with a processing unit 300 for processing at least one state parameter collected by the sensing component into pre-warning information that can be transmitted. The processing unit 300 is preferably a micro MCU chip equipped with an ADC to convert the signal collected by the sensing component into a digital signal that is easy for the central processing unit to process. After processing and analysis, the digital signal from the sensing component is used to form pre-warning information indicating the state of the tilted steel column. The pre-warning information includes at least a first-type pre-warning related to changes in the column's shape, a second-type pre-warning related to changes in its motion state, and a third-type pre-warning related to both the column's shape and its motion state. Specifically, a first-type pre-warning indicates a slight deformation of the tilted steel column, a second-type pre-warning indicates displacement of the tilted steel column, and a third-type pre-warning indicates simultaneous deformation and displacement of the tilted steel column.

[0061] In a preferred embodiment, when the data collected by a pair of force sensors on a single sleeve changes synchronously, it indicates a change in the contact state between the steel column wall and the sleeve at that location. At this point, considering whether the target tilted steel column has rotated or swayed, the processing unit 300 generates a Class II warning. It should be clarified that synchronous changes in the force sensors mean that the changes in both sensors occur at the same time and within the same range. Furthermore, if the target inclined steel column is equipped with multiple sleeves, and each sleeve is equipped with a pair of force sensors, it is necessary to further combine the change results of the force sensor pairs of other sleeves for judgment. If the data collected by the force sensor pairs of any other sleeves changes in the same way, that is, the data changes occur at the same time and the fluctuation range of the data is the same, it is considered that the target inclined steel column has undergone overall displacement, and the processing unit 300 generates a Class II warning. If the force sensor pairs on the other sleeves do not show any changes, it indicates that the inclined steel column has experienced regional stress fluctuations, and the processing unit 300 generates a Class I warning and marks the minor deformation warning and the sleeve position where the sensor data fluctuations occur as a data group. Furthermore, if the data collected by several force sensors on the target inclined steel column changes differently, that is, the data changes occur at different times and the fluctuation range of the data is different, it can also indicate that the inclined steel column has experienced local stress fluctuations, or even dense local stress fluctuations. In this case, the target inclined steel column may even be at risk of fracture, and the processing unit 300 generates a Class I warning and indicates the corresponding risk level according to the data fluctuation range. In particular, when the data collected by a pair of force sensors changes asynchronously, it may indicate a sensor malfunction or incorrect assembly of the sleeve. In this case, the processing unit 300 generates a prompt inspection signal to remind the construction personnel to suspend the construction process and troubleshoot the equipment malfunction.

[0062] Correspondingly, for the angle sensor on the casing, when the data collected by the angle sensor on a single casing changes, it indicates that the tilt angle of the tilted steel column at this position has changed. If only one casing is configured on the target tilted steel column, the changes in the data collected by the force sensor on that casing need to be considered together. If the data collected by both the angle sensor and the force sensor on a single casing changes, it indicates that the contact state between the steel column wall and the casing has changed. At the same time, the target tilted steel column (at least in the area near the casing) has rotated or swayed. In this case, the processing unit 300 generates a Class III warning and indicates the risk area (i.e., the configuration area of ​​a single casing). If the data collected by the angle sensor on a single casing changes, but the data collected by the force sensor does not change, it indicates that the target tilted steel column as a whole has rotated or swayed. In this case, the processing unit 300 generates a Class II warning. If the data collected by the angle sensor on a single casing does not change, but the data collected by the force sensor changes, it indicates that the tilted steel column near the casing has not rotated or swayed, but the tilted steel column inside the casing has deformed, causing a change in the abutment force between the steel column wall and the inner wall of the casing. In this case, the processing unit 300 generates a Class I warning. Furthermore, if the target inclined steel column is equipped with multiple sleeves, each with an angle sensor, the results of the changes need to be judged in conjunction with the angle sensors of other sleeves. If the data collected by the angle sensors of any other sleeves shows the same change, i.e., the data changes occur at the same time and the fluctuation range of the data is the same, it is considered that the target inclined steel column has undergone overall displacement, and the processing unit 300 generates a Class II warning. If the angle sensors on the other sleeves do not show any changes, it indicates that the inclined steel column has experienced regional stress fluctuations, and the processing unit 300 generates a Class I warning and marks the minor deformation warning and the sleeve position where the sensor data fluctuation occurred as a data group. Furthermore, if the data collected by several angle sensors on the target inclined steel column shows different changes, i.e., the data changes occur at different times and the fluctuation range of the data is different, it can also indicate that different areas of the inclined steel column may have begun to show different degrees of deformation or even fracture, thus causing discontinuity in the motion state of different areas. In this case, the processing unit 300 generates a Class I warning and indicates the corresponding risk level according to the data fluctuation range.

[0063] In another implementation, at least one force sensor or angle sensor disposed on the target inclined steel column can continuously or at intervals at a certain frequency collect the state parameters of the target inclined steel column. The collection results of each sensor are recorded in the form of digital signals or in the form of graphics, without any limitation.

[0064] According to a preferred embodiment, considering the cost of the fixing part 100 and the sensing components on the fixing part 100, a force sensor can be installed only on the fixing part 100. For angle measurement of the target inclined steel column during installation, a prism-free total station commonly used in construction scenarios can be used. First, a total station with prism-free ranging function is installed at least 20 meters away from the target inclined steel column to be measured, and this serves as the working reference point for measurement. At this working reference point, horizontal angles are observed at the top and bottom (or relative top and bottom) of the target inclined steel column. The horizontal angles on the left and right sides of the top and bottom (or relative top and bottom) of the target inclined steel column are recorded simultaneously, and the two are averaged to obtain the horizontal angle at the center of the observation point of the target inclined steel column. Then, the angle between true north and magnetic north is calculated based on the local magnetic declination and geographical longitude. Subtracting this angle from the measured horizontal angle yields the azimuth angle of the target inclined steel column relative to magnetic north. Finally, the total station is aimed at the top and bottom of the target tilted steel column. Using the prism-free distance measurement method and combining the azimuth angle, the tilt distance and horizontal distance of the target tilted steel column are confirmed, and the tilt angle of the target tilted steel column is calculated using the following formula:

[0065] α = arc tan(a ÷ b)

[0066] Where α is the inclination of the target tilted steel column; a is the tilt distance of the target tilted steel column, which is the distance between the top of the target tilted steel column and the vertical direction; and b is the horizontal distance of the target tilted steel column, which is the distance between the bottom of the target tilted steel column and the measurement point.

[0067] Furthermore, when using a prism-free total station to measure tilt, multiple working reference points can be set up for measurement. For example, two working reference points with an angle of approximately 90 degrees to the target tilted steel column can be set up on opposite sides of the target tilted steel column, and two sets of tilt results can be measured and calculated separately. The errors of the two are then compared and compensated to avoid large errors in a single measurement result affecting the safety monitoring effect of the installation and fixing process of the target tilted steel column. However, it should be noted that the prism-free total station measurement method utilizes existing equipment, which can reduce equipment replacement costs to some extent. However, this method requires manual operation and cannot achieve real-time monitoring of the tilted steel column, easily missing key monitoring points. Therefore, this method is only suitable for engineering projects with low construction difficulty and few monitoring objects.

[0068] According to a preferred embodiment, such as Figure 1As shown, the monitoring system provided by the present invention further includes a monitoring unit 400 and a communication unit 500. The communication unit 500 is disposed on the fixed unit 100, and the communication unit 500 transmits the warning information to the monitoring unit 400 with a first transmission parameter. Further, the monitoring unit 400 is configured to detect the distance between itself and the communication unit 500. The monitoring unit 400 determines the transmission parameters of the communication unit 500 based on the distance, and the communication unit 500 transmits the warning information to the monitoring unit 400 based on the transmission parameters. The transmission parameters include at least a preset first transmission parameter and a second transmission parameter adjusted according to the distance. The first transmission parameter is different from the second transmission parameter, and the first and second transmission parameters are one or more of transmission power, transmission information density, and transmission frequency.

[0069] Preferably, the first transmission parameter is a pre-set initial transmission parameter, and more preferably, it is the transmission parameter that appears most frequently when monitoring the previous target inclined steel column. That is, during the monitoring of the previous target inclined steel column, the transmission parameter that appears most frequently when the supervisor carrying the monitoring unit 400 is at the position most frequently seen by the supervisor based on personal habits or construction requirements, and the relative distance between this position and the inclined steel column will be the transmission parameter that appears most frequently.

[0070] Furthermore, the monitoring unit 400 is configured with an integrated SOC chip for ranging to continuously monitor the distance between the monitoring unit 400 and the fixed unit 100 during operation. The ranging methods include, but are not limited to, GPS satellite positioning, infrared ranging, and microwave ranging. Considering that the equipment cost should not be too high, infrared ranging is preferred, and infrared transmitters and receivers are respectively arranged on the monitoring unit 400 and the fixed unit 100.

[0071] In another preferred embodiment, the distance detection between the monitoring unit 400 and the fixed unit 100 can also be achieved through a calibration method. This involves detecting the transmission signals of the communication channels between the communication unit 500 mounted on the target inclined steel column 600 and the monitoring unit 400 carried by the monitoring personnel. Based on the transmission signals of the communication channels, the channel attribute quantities of the communication channels are determined, thus determining the real-time distance between the on-site personnel and the target inclined steel column. Channel attribute quantities refer to a series of parameters used to describe the characteristics and quality of radio signals during transmission, such as signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), bandwidth, power, frequency response, and multipath effects. Specifically, SNR is the ratio between the signal and background noise; bandwidth represents the frequency range occupied by the signal; power refers to the signal strength; frequency response indicates the attenuation of signals at different frequencies; and multipath effects are interference phenomena caused by the signal experiencing multiple different paths during transmission. If the channel attribute quantities of the communication channel change, it indicates that the distance between the monitoring unit 400 and the communication unit 500 has changed. For example, if the signal strength decreases, the signal-to-noise ratio decreases, or the packet loss rate increases in the channel attribute quantities, it indicates that the distance between the monitoring unit 400 and the communication unit 500 has increased; conversely, it indicates that the distance between the monitoring unit 400 and the communication unit 500 has decreased. Based on the changes in the channel attribute quantities, the changes in the distance between the monitoring unit 400 and the communication unit 500 can be determined, thus establishing their real-time spacing.

[0072] Furthermore, under the guidance of the preset correspondence between transmission parameters and transmission distance, the monitoring unit 400 can adaptively adjust the second transmission parameter based on the measured real-time distance between the monitoring unit 400 and the communication unit 500. This ensures that the signal transmission process will not be affected by signal attenuation due to excessive distance, or that the communication unit 500 will continue to transmit with unchanged transmission parameters due to insufficient distance, resulting in transmission effect overflow. This would not only waste resources and occupy communication channels, but may also cause unnecessary signal-to-noise interference to other equipment in the field.

[0073] Preferably, the adjustment and switching of transmission parameters includes at least adjusting the transmission power parameter, and the correspondence between transmission parameters and transmission distance includes at least an empirical formula for transmission parameter-transmission distance. The preset empirical formula for transmission parameter-transmission distance can be generated by mathematically fitting a table of transmission parameter-transmission distance relationships formed after conducting scenario simulation experiments. Those skilled in the art can conduct simple simulation experiments, considering transmission efficiency, transmission effect, and transmission economic cost to determine the optimal transmission state. Then, the transmission distance is continuously changed, and one of the multiple transmission parameters is controlled during the process to ensure that the transmission effect remains at the optimal transmission state. For example, keeping the transmission power and transmission information density constant, only changing the transmission frequency according to the distance change. Generally speaking, the higher the transmission frequency, the shorter the transmission distance. Based on this basic rule, the transmission frequency is adjusted when the distance changes to achieve the optimal transmission state, thereby obtaining a table of transmission frequency-transmission distance relationships under the optimal transmission state, and thus obtaining the empirical formula for transmission frequency-transmission distance. Correspondingly, the methods for obtaining the empirical formulas for transmission power-transmission distance and transmission information density-transmission distance are the same as above, and will not be elaborated further here.

[0074] Preferably, based on the empirical formula of transmission parameters-transmission distance, the monitoring unit adaptively adjusts one or more of the transmission frequency, transmission power, and transmission information density in a manner that is the same as and / or opposite to the trend of transmission distance change, so as to ensure the transmission effect when the monitoring unit and the communication unit are at medium to long distances, while reducing the waste of communication resources when the monitoring unit and the communication unit are at close distances.

[0075] Specifically, regarding transmission frequency, the monitoring department adjusts the transmission frequency of the communication unit in a manner opposite to the changing trend of the distance between the monitoring department and the communication unit. That is, when the distance between the communication unit and the monitoring department increases, the monitoring department controls the transmission frequency of the communication unit to gradually decrease; when the distance between the communication unit and the monitoring department decreases, the monitoring department controls the transmission frequency of the communication unit to gradually increase. Regarding transmission power, the monitoring department adjusts the transmission power of the communication unit in a manner similar to the changing trend of the distance between the monitoring department and the communication unit. That is, when the distance between the communication unit and the monitoring department increases, the monitoring department controls the transmission power of the communication unit to gradually increase; when the distance between the communication unit and the monitoring department decreases, the monitoring department controls the transmission frequency of the communication unit to gradually decrease. Regarding transmission information density, the monitoring department adjusts the transmission power of the communication unit in a manner opposite to the changing trend of the distance between the monitoring department and the communication unit. When the distance between the communication unit and the monitoring department increases, the monitoring department controls the transmission information density of the communication unit to gradually decrease; when the distance between the communication unit and the monitoring department decreases, the monitoring department controls the transmission information density of the communication unit to gradually increase.

[0076] Furthermore, the selection of the types of transmission parameters to be adjusted can be set by on-site personnel based on the actual environmental conditions of the construction site, or it can be adaptively selected by the system automatically detecting relevant environmental parameters of the construction site. If there are many signal shielding objects or a large number of buildings, trees, etc., the adjustment of transmission frequency will be the lowest priority. This is because different frequencies of transmission signals will be specifically blocked by different types of obstacles. In this case, adjusting the transmission power and transmission information density can more effectively control the transmission effect. If the construction site is a large area, the distance between the monitoring personnel and the target inclined steel column will always be a large distance. Due to the upper and lower limits of bandwidth and other equipment adjustment, adjusting the transmission information density will not have a significant effect on the transmission effect. Therefore, in this case, the adjustment of transmission information density will be the lowest priority. As for transmission power, it depends more on hardware facilities, communication infrastructure, equipment load, etc. Therefore, the adjustment of transmission power is preferably carried out by on-site personnel based on the actual situation of the project and economic cost factors.

[0077] Furthermore, the monitoring unit 400 can adaptively adjust the second transmission parameter of the communication unit 500 based on the real-time changing transmission distance, according to the transmission parameter-transmission distance empirical formula pre-set in the program. It should be noted that the adjustment process based on the empirical formula is a stepless, dynamic process. In another implementation, those skilled in the art can also select transmission parameters with good transmission effect and economical transmission cost as calibration transmission parameters in experiments. Calibration transmission parameters include at least one or more of calibration transmission power, calibration transmission information density, and calibration transmission frequency. Correspondingly, the monitoring unit 400 can cancel the real-time continuous detection of transmission distance and adopt a more economical periodic or frequency ranging mode, thereby selecting the corresponding calibration transmission parameters according to the current transmission distance. In this case, the adjustment process of the second transmission parameter by the monitoring unit 400 is a step-by-step, phased increase or decrease. Both of the above methods for adjusting the second transmission parameter are acceptable, and the specific choice can be made based on the project scale, site size, terrain complexity, economic budget, etc., and is not limited here.

[0078] According to a preferred embodiment, when the communication unit 500 sends the early warning information to the monitoring unit 400, it preferably uses data compression to speed up data transmission and reduce the data transmission burden. The communication unit 500 can compress the sensor data from a single sleeve processed by the processing unit 300 into multiple compressed packages for sequential transmission, or it can compress the sensor data from all sleeves processed by the processing unit 300 into a single compressed package for overall transmission; neither is limited here. Furthermore, the compressed package processed by the communication unit 500 also includes time encoding so that the monitoring unit 400 can confirm the continuity of monitoring of the target inclined steel column's working status parameters, thereby centrally storing the working status data of the target inclined steel column according to time sequence.

[0079] This invention also provides a method for monitoring the installation of inclined steel columns, comprising the following steps:

[0080] S1: An installation monitoring system for inclined steel columns is adopted, which includes at least a fixed part 100 and a mobile monitoring part 400 disposed on the inclined steel column;

[0081] S2: The fixing part 100 is disposed at at least one position of the inclined steel column in such a way as to limit the degree of freedom of movement of the inclined steel column in the vertical and / or horizontal directions;

[0082] S3: Acquire at least one state parameter related to the shape and / or motion state of the inclined steel column itself based on at least one sensing component disposed on the fixing part 100;

[0083] S4: Generate and transmit early warning information related to the shape and / or motion state of the inclined steel column based on the state parameters;

[0084] in,

[0085] The transmission parameters of the early warning information are determined based on the distance between the inclined steel column and the monitoring unit.

[0086] Preferably, the monitoring unit determines the transmission parameters based on a preset correspondence between transmission parameters and transmission distance, and the correspondence between transmission parameters and transmission distance includes at least an empirical formula for transmission parameters minus transmission distance.

[0087] Preferably, the transmission parameter is one or more of transmission power, transmission information density, and transmission frequency, and the adjustment content when switching the transmission parameter includes adjusting the transmission frequency, adjusting the transmission power, and adjusting the transmission information density.

[0088] Preferably, the warning information includes at least one type of warning related to changes in the shape of the column, a second type of warning related to changes in the motion state, and a third type of warning related to both the shape and motion state of the column.

[0089] It should be noted that the specific embodiments described above are exemplary. Those skilled in the art can devise various solutions inspired by the disclosure of this invention, and these solutions all fall within the scope of this invention and its protection. Those skilled in the art should understand that this specification and its accompanying drawings are illustrative and not intended to limit the scope of the claims. The scope of protection of this invention is defined by the claims and their equivalents. This specification contains multiple inventive concepts; terms such as "preferredly," "according to a preferred embodiment," or "optionally" indicate that the corresponding paragraph discloses an independent concept. The applicant reserves the right to file divisional applications based on each inventive concept.

Claims

1. An installation monitoring system for inclined steel columns, used for safety monitoring of the installation process of inclined steel columns, characterized in that, include: The fixing part (100) includes a sleeve disposed on the body of the inclined steel column. The sleeve is formed by fastening a first sleeve plate and a second sleeve plate and is fastened to the surface of the inclined steel column by fasteners to restrict the degree of freedom of movement of the inclined steel column in the vertical and / or horizontal directions. The detection unit (200) is attached to and fixed to the fixing unit (100) to obtain at least one state parameter related to the shape and / or motion state of the inclined steel column itself; the detection unit (200) is configured as at least one sensing component disposed on the fixing unit (100), the sensing component including a force sensor disposed in pairs on the contact wall surface of the inclined steel column and the sleeve for detecting the column shape change of the inclined steel column and an angle sensor disposed on the outer wall surface of the sleeve for detecting the motion state change of the inclined steel column, the state parameter of the inclined steel column including column shape change parameter and motion state change parameter; The sleeves are configured as multiple sleeve groups with different structural or material strengths. The first sleeve is configured near the connection position between the inclined steel column and the rigid support foundation. The second and third sleeves are configured in the middle and tail sections of the inclined steel column, respectively. The sleeves and sensing components are arranged in a variable-density array based on the stress change of the inclined steel column. The sensor distribution density is arranged according to the stress distribution density of the inclined steel column. The processing unit (300) generates and transmits early warning information related to the shape and / or motion state of the inclined steel column based on the state parameters. The early warning information includes a first type of early warning related to changes in the column shape, a second type of early warning related to changes in motion state, and a third type of early warning related to both the column shape and motion state. If only one sleeve is installed on the target inclined steel column, the judgment is made by combining the changes in the data collected by the force sensor on the sleeve: If the data collected by the angle sensor on a single casing does not change, but the data collected by the force sensor pair changes, it indicates that the inclined steel column near the casing has not rotated or swayed, but the inclined steel column inside the casing has deformed, causing the abutment force between the steel column wall and the inner wall of the casing to change, thus generating a type of early warning. If the data collected by the angle sensor on a single sleeve changes, but the data collected by the force sensor does not change, it indicates that the target tilted steel column has rotated or swayed as a whole, generating a Class II warning. If the data collected by the angle sensor and force sensor on a single casing both change, it indicates that the contact state between the steel column wall and the casing has changed. At the same time, the target tilted steel column has rotated or swayed, generating three types of warnings and indicating the risk area. When the data collected by a pair of force sensors on a single sleeve changes synchronously, if multiple sleeves are configured on the target inclined steel column, and each sleeve is equipped with a pair of force sensors, it is necessary to further combine the change results of the force sensors on multiple sleeves for judgment: If the data collected by several force sensors on the target inclined steel column changes differently, that is, the time of the data change is different and the range of data fluctuation is different, it indicates that the inclined steel column has experienced local stress fluctuation, generating a warning and indicating the corresponding risk level according to the range of data fluctuation. If the data collected by the force sensor pair of any other casing undergoes the same change, that is, the data change occurs at the same time and the fluctuation range of the data is the same, it indicates that the target tilted steel column has undergone overall displacement, generating a Class II warning. The communications unit (500) wirelessly transmits the early warning information to the monitoring unit (400). The monitoring unit (400) detects the distance between the monitoring unit (400) and the communication unit (500), including: detecting channel attribute quantities of the communication channel between the monitoring unit (400) and the communication unit (500), and determining the distance between the monitoring unit (400) and the communication unit (500) based on the relationship between the channel attribute quantities and the distance. The channel attribute quantities include one or more of the signal-to-noise ratio, signal strength, and packet loss rate when the communication unit (500) transmits early warning information to the monitoring unit (400). The transmission parameters of the early warning information are determined based on the distance between the inclined steel column and the monitoring unit. The transmission parameters adaptively adjusted by the communication unit based on the distance include transmission frequency, transmission power, and transmission information density. When the transmission distance increases or decreases, the communication unit adaptively decreases or increases the transmission information density.

2. The monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The communication unit (500) is used to wirelessly transmit the early warning information related to the shape and / or motion state of the inclined steel column to the monitoring unit (400), which is configured as a mobile smart terminal device carried by the supervisor.

3. The monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The monitoring unit (400) determines the transmission parameters of the communication unit (500) based on the preset correspondence between transmission parameters and transmission distance.

4. The monitoring system according to claim 3, characterized in that, The adjustment of the transmission parameters of the communication unit (500) during switching includes adjusting the transmission frequency, adjusting the transmission power, and adjusting the transmission information density, or one or more of these.

5. A method for monitoring the installation of inclined steel columns, characterized in that, An installation monitoring system for an inclined steel column as described in any one of claims 1 to 4 is adopted, which includes at least a fixed part (100) and a movable monitoring part (400) disposed on the inclined steel column. The fixing part (100) is disposed at at least one position on the inclined steel column in such a way as to limit the degree of freedom of movement of the inclined steel column in the vertical and / or horizontal directions; At least one state parameter related to the shape and / or motion state of the inclined steel column itself is obtained based on at least one sensing component disposed on the fixing part (100); Based on the state parameters, early warning information related to the shape and / or motion state of the inclined steel column is generated and transmitted. in, The transmission parameters of the early warning information are determined based on the distance between the inclined steel column and the monitoring unit (400).

6. The monitoring method according to claim 5, characterized in that, The monitoring unit (400) determines the transmission parameters based on the preset correspondence between transmission parameters and transmission distance.

7. The monitoring method according to claim 6, characterized in that, The adjustments made when switching transmission parameters include one or more of the following: adjusting the transmission frequency, adjusting the transmission power, and adjusting the transmission information density.

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