A shield tunnel surface settlement monitoring device and method

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of surface settlement monitoring technology, and in particular to a shield tunneling surface settlement monitoring device and method. The device includes a rotating disk, with a connecting sleeve fixedly connected to the center of the rotating disk. An annular groove is formed on the inner side of the connecting sleeve. A rod is placed at one end of the connecting sleeve, and one end of the rod extends from an opening at one end of the connecting sleeve into the interior of the sleeve and is then fixedly connected to a limiting ring located within the annular groove. During shield tunneling, this invention simultaneously monitors surface settlement and the difference between surface and internal soil layer settlement, verifying the risk level of soil settlement from different perspectives, improving the accuracy of monitoring data, and ensuring construction safety.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of surface subsidence monitoring technology, and in particular to a shield tunnel surface subsidence monitoring device and method. Background Technology

[0002] The shield tunneling method is a fully mechanized construction method within the cut-and-cover tunneling technique. It involves advancing a shield machine underground, using the shield shell and tunnel segments to support the surrounding rock and prevent collapse into the tunnel. Simultaneously, cutting devices excavate the soil in front of the excavation face, transporting the excavated soil out of the tunnel using haulage machinery. Jacks then apply pressure from the rear to propel the tunnel forward, assembling precast concrete tunnel segments to form the tunnel structure. During shield tunneling, it is crucial to monitor surface settlement. If issues arise with surface settlement data, timely implementation of appropriate construction measures is necessary to prevent further problems.

[0003] Existing technology discloses several patent documents related to the field of surface subsidence monitoring technology. Chinese invention patent application number CN202110903342.4 discloses an automatic surface subsidence monitoring device for shield tunneling, relating to the field of surface subsidence monitoring technology. It includes a base, on which a housing is mounted. The housing contains a measuring device and an early warning device. A laser opening is formed at the front end of the housing. The measuring device is located at the front end of the housing, and the early warning device is located at the rear end of the housing. The measuring device and the early warning device are electrically connected. The measuring device is driven by an angle motor. The measuring device includes a laser rangefinder and a gyroscope angle sensor. The laser rangefinder's emitting end penetrates through the laser opening, and its end is fixedly connected to the gyroscope angle sensor.

[0004] The paper "Measured Law of Soil Layer Settlement Caused by Shield Tunnel Construction" (Chinese Classification No. U455.43, Article No. 1672-741X(2017)04-0401-08) states that the settlement trough curves at different depths below the surface can be described by a Gaussian distribution (i.e., Peck's formula), namely:

[0005]

[0006] In the formula: S is the settlement value at any point at a certain depth in the stratum; Smax is the maximum value of the settlement trough at that depth, located at the center of symmetry of the settlement curve; x is the distance from the center of the settlement curve to the calculated point; i is the distance from the center of symmetry of the settlement curve to the inflection point of the curve, which is generally called the width of the settlement trough.

[0007] Tunnel excavation inevitably disturbs the surrounding soil and rock within a certain range, causing soil deformation within that range. The original Peck formula cannot directly reflect the influence of tunnel depth. In actual engineering, the settlement trends of shallow and deep soil are the same, but the settlement amounts are significantly different.

[0008] Some existing technologies measure the distance between the measurement point and the measurement location, and calculate the settlement height based on the distance change after the measurement location settles. Calculating the height difference by measuring the distance change will produce a large measurement error. Furthermore, during the actual settlement of the soil layer, existing technologies have difficulty measuring the difference between the settlement of the internal soil layer and the surface to verify whether the surface settlement is within the normal range. This results in low accuracy of monitoring data and makes it difficult to ensure the safety of construction. Summary of the Invention

[0009] The purpose of this invention is to address the shortcomings of existing technologies by proposing a shield tunnel surface settlement monitoring device and method.

[0010] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: a shield tunnel surface settlement monitoring device, including a rotating disk, a connecting sleeve fixedly connected to the axis of the rotating disk, an annular groove opened on the inner side of the connecting sleeve, an insert rod placed at one end of the connecting sleeve, and a limiting ring fixedly connected to one end of the insert rod after extending from the opening at one end of the connecting sleeve into the interior of the connecting sleeve, the limiting ring being located in the annular groove;

[0011] A sliding rod is fixedly connected to the side wall of the annular groove, the limiting ring is slidably inserted into the sliding rod, a spiral guide plate is fixedly connected to the end surface of the insertion rod away from the connecting sleeve, and an activity monitoring mechanism is connected between the connecting sleeve and the insertion rod.

[0012] An mounting plate is provided above the rotating disk, and an angle adjustment mechanism is connected between the mounting plate and the rotating disk. A rotating groove is provided on the mounting plate, and a rotating plate is rotatably connected inside the rotating groove. A drive rotation mechanism is connected between the mounting plate and the rotating plate.

[0013] The rotating plate is equipped with a measuring scale slot, and a clamping and positioning mechanism is connected to the rotating plate. During operation, some existing technologies measure the distance between the measuring point and the measuring position, and calculate the settlement height based on the distance change after settlement at the measuring position. However, calculating the height difference by measuring the distance change over a long distance can lead to significant measurement errors. Furthermore, during the actual settlement process of the soil layer, existing technologies struggle to measure the difference between the internal soil layer and the surface settlement to verify whether the surface settlement is within normal limits, resulting in low accuracy of monitoring data and difficulty in ensuring construction safety. This technical solution can solve the above problems. The specific working method is as follows: construction begins before shield tunneling. Personnel insert the tip of the insertion rod into the soil surface during shield tunneling and rotate the rotating disk. The rotating disk drives the connecting sleeve to rotate, and the sliding rod inside the connecting sleeve limits the insertion of the insertion rod, causing the limiting ring to rotate. The limiting ring then drives the insertion rod to rotate, and the spiral guide plate at the tip of the insertion rod spirals deeper into the soil with the rotation of the insertion rod and the vertical force applied by the construction personnel, until both the insertion rod and the connecting sleeve are inside the soil. After the rotating disk is at the ground surface, the installation plate is adjusted by the angle adjustment mechanism to make the installation plate horizontal. Then, the height difference measuring ruler is inserted into the rotating plate along the top of the measuring ruler slot, and then clamped in place. The positioning mechanism clamps and positions the measuring rod, ensuring its vertical alignment. Construction workers set up the height measurement instrument in a location unaffected by construction activity. A rotating mechanism drives the rotating plate, adjusting the angle between the measuring rod's reading and the instrument, facilitating better monitoring. During tunnel boring, when surface settlement occurs, changes in the height measurement rod's readings monitor the settlement. Inserting a rod into the soil enhances the stability of the rotating plate on the surface, ensuring the measuring rod remains vertically stable. A spiral guide plate at the rod's tip is spirally embedded in the bottom layer of soil, mitigating surface settlement. During tunnel boring machine (TBM) construction, the settlement of deep soil and the surface differs. The spiral guide plate is embedded in the deep soil and drives the insertion rod to settle along with the deep soil. Meanwhile, the rotating disk and connecting sleeve settle with the surface, causing relative movement between the connecting sleeve and the insertion rod. The relative movement between the connecting sleeve and the insertion rod is monitored by an active monitoring mechanism to detect the difference in settlement between the internal soil layer and the surface, thus verifying whether the surface settlement is within the normal range. During TBM construction, by simultaneously monitoring both the surface settlement and the difference in settlement between the internal soil layer and the surface, the risk level of soil settlement can be verified from different perspectives, improving the accuracy of monitoring data and ensuring the safety of construction.

[0014] Preferably, the activity monitoring device includes a mounting groove, which is located at the end of the limiting ring away from the rotating disk. A rangefinder is fixedly installed inside the mounting groove, and the projection point of the rangefinder is projected vertically onto one end of the annular groove. During operation, when the spiral guide plate is embedded in the deep soil and drives the insertion rod to settle along with the deep soil, while the rotating disk and connecting sleeve settle with the ground surface, the insertion rod drives the limiting ring to move. The relative position between the rangefinder installed on the limiting ring and one end of the annular groove on the connecting sleeve changes, thereby changing the value of the rangefinder. Construction personnel determine the difference in settlement between the internal soil layer and the ground surface based on the change value displayed on the moving receiving end.

[0015] Preferably, the angle adjustment mechanism includes multiple first connecting rods and multiple second connecting rods. The first connecting rods are fixedly connected to the bottom of the rotating disk in a circumferential array. A placement disk is fixedly connected to one end of each of the first connecting rods. The placement disk has a spherical groove, and an adjusting ball is rolled inside the spherical groove. A circular rod is fixedly connected to the surface of the adjusting ball. The second connecting rods are fixedly connected to the bottom of the mounting plate in a circumferential array. One end of each of the second connecting rods is fixedly connected to the side of the circular rod. A circular groove is formed at the top of the circular rod, and a level is fixedly installed inside the circular groove. An adjustment and positioning device is connected to the placement disk. During operation, by moving the adjusting ball inside the spherical groove, the circular rod on the adjusting ball is positioned directly above the level. The change in the level is observed. When the mercury inside the level is in the center of the level, the adjusting and positioning device positions the adjusting ball, completing the angle adjustment. At this time, the circular rod and the top mounting plate are both in a horizontal position.

[0016] Preferably, the adjusting and positioning device includes a fixing block and a strip groove. The fixing block is fixedly connected to the side of the placement tray, and a connecting bolt is threaded onto the fixing block. The strip groove is formed on the side of the placement tray and is connected to the spherical groove. An arc-shaped pressure strip is slidably connected inside the strip groove. One end of the connecting bolt is rotatably connected to one side of the arc-shaped pressure strip. The arc-shaped surface of the arc-shaped pressure strip is close to the spherical groove, and anti-slip textures are formed on the arc-shaped surface of the arc-shaped pressure strip. During operation, after the adjusting ball has finished rotating and adjusting inside the spherical groove, the connecting bolt is rotated to move the connecting bolt spirally inward along the threaded connection of the fixing block. One end of the connecting bolt rotates and drives the arc-shaped pressure strip to move along the strip groove, and the arc-shaped surface of the arc-shaped pressure strip contacts and presses against the surface of the adjusting ball, thereby positioning the adjusting ball inside the spherical groove.

[0017] Preferably, the drive rotation mechanism includes a motor and a first gear. The motor is fixedly mounted on the side of one of the second connecting rods, and the first gear is fixedly connected to the bottom of the rotating plate. A second gear is fixedly connected to the output shaft of the motor, and the second gear and the first gear mesh with each other. During operation, the output shaft of the motor drives the second gear to rotate, and the first gear rotates in opposite directions through the meshing action of the second gear, thereby causing the rotating plate to rotate in the rotating groove on the mounting plate. When the height difference measuring ruler is inserted into the measuring ruler slot on the rotating plate, the height difference measuring ruler rotates together with the rotating plate, thereby adjusting the measurement orientation.

[0018] Preferably, each of the first connecting rods is fixedly connected to a limiting slide rail, and the limiting slide rails are rotatably connected to a tray. The tray is located at the top of the circular rod and has a circular hole. During operation, when the height difference measuring ruler is inserted into the measuring ruler slot on the rotating plate, the bottom end of the height difference measuring ruler contacts the top of the tray. As the height difference measuring ruler rotates with the rotating plate, the bottom of the height difference measuring ruler drives the tray to rotate between multiple limiting slide rails through contact friction, thereby reducing the scraping and wear of the bottom end of the height difference measuring ruler during rotation. The circular hole on the tray facilitates observation of the level through the circular hole when adjusting the adjusting ball.

[0019] Preferably, the clamping and positioning mechanism includes two clamping blocks and two movable rods. The two clamping blocks are located on both sides below the measuring scale slot. Each of the two clamping blocks has a clamping groove on an adjacent side. The two movable rods are fixedly connected to the bottom of the rotating plate. The clamping blocks are slidably connected to the two movable rods. A connecting ring is fixedly connected to the bottom of each clamping block. A bidirectional screw is threaded between the two connecting rings. A knob is fixedly connected to both ends of the bidirectional screw. During operation, after the height difference measuring scale is inserted into the measuring scale slot on the rotating plate, rotating one end of the knob causes the bidirectional screw to rotate. The bidirectional screw, through the threaded action with the two connecting rings, causes the two connecting rings to move closer to each other, thereby causing the two clamping blocks to move closer to each other along the movable rods. The clamping grooves on the two clamping blocks simultaneously clamp the two sides of the height difference measuring scale, thereby achieving clamping and positioning of the height difference measuring scale.

[0020] A method for using a shield tunnel surface settlement monitoring device, the method comprising the following steps:

[0021] Step 1: The construction workers insert the tip of the insertion rod into the soil surface of the shield tunnel. The rotating disk is rotated, which drives the connecting sleeve to rotate. The sliding rod inside the connecting sleeve limits the insertion of the insertion rod, causing the limiting ring to rotate. The limiting ring then drives the insertion rod to rotate. The spiral guide plate at the tip of the insertion rod spirals deeper into the soil as the insertion rod rotates and the vertical force applied by the construction workers is applied, until both the insertion rod and the connecting sleeve are inserted into the soil.

[0022] Step 2: Adjust the mounting plate using the angle adjustment mechanism to make it horizontal. Then, insert the height difference measuring ruler into the rotating plate along the top of the measuring ruler slot. Finally, use the clamping and positioning mechanism to clamp and position the measuring ruler so that the height difference measuring ruler is vertically positioned.

[0023] Step 3: Construction personnel set up a height difference measuring instrument in a location unaffected by construction. During the shield tunneling process, when the surface settles, the change in the reading of the height difference measuring ruler is used to monitor the surface settlement value. The relative movement value between the connecting sleeve and the insertion rod is monitored through the moving monitoring mechanism, thereby monitoring the numerical difference between the internal soil layer and the surface settlement.

[0024] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0025] 1. By monitoring the relative movement between the connecting sleeve and the insertion rod through the activity monitoring mechanism, the difference in settlement values ​​between the internal soil layer and the ground surface is monitored to verify whether the ground surface settlement is within the normal range. During shield tunneling, by simultaneously monitoring the ground surface settlement and the difference in settlement values ​​between the internal soil layer and the ground surface, the risk level of soil settlement is verified from different perspectives, improving the accuracy of monitoring data and ensuring the safety of construction.

[0026] 2. When the spiral guide plate is embedded in the deep soil and drives the insertion rod to settle along with the deep soil, while the rotating disk and connecting sleeve settle with the ground surface, the insertion rod drives the limiting ring to move. The relative position between the distance measuring instrument installed on the limiting ring and one end of the annular groove opened on the connecting sleeve changes, thereby changing the value of the distance measuring instrument. The construction personnel determine the difference in settlement between the internal soil layer and the ground surface based on the change value displayed on the moving receiving end.

[0027] 3. By moving the adjusting ball inside the spherical groove, the circular rod on the adjusting ball is positioned directly above. Observe the changes in the level. When the mercury inside the level is in the center, use the positioning device to position the adjusting ball and complete the angle adjustment. At this time, the circular rod and the top mounting plate are both in a horizontal position.

[0028] 4. By rotating the knob at one end, the knob drives the bidirectional screw to rotate. The bidirectional screw, through the thread action with the two connecting rings, drives the two connecting rings to move closer to each other, thereby causing the two clamping blocks to move closer to each other along the movable rod. The clamping grooves on the two clamping blocks clamp the two sides of the height difference measuring ruler synchronously, thereby realizing the clamping and positioning of the height difference measuring ruler. Attached Figure Description

[0029] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the first structure of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 2 For the present invention Figure 1 Enlarged schematic diagram of the structure at point A in the diagram;

[0031] Figure 3 For the present invention Figure 2 Enlarged schematic diagram of the structure at point B in the diagram;

[0032] Figure 4 For the present invention Figure 1 Enlarged schematic diagram of the structure at point C;

[0033] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the second structure of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 6 For the present invention Figure 5 Enlarged schematic diagram of the structure at point D;

[0035] Figure 7 For the present invention Figure 6 Enlarged schematic diagram of the structure at point E in the diagram;

[0036] Figure 8 This is an exploded view of the connecting sleeve and insert rod mating structure of the present invention (the connecting sleeve has been cut out);

[0037] Figure 9 For the present invention Figure 8 Enlarged schematic diagram of the structure at point F;

[0038] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the assembly structure of the placement plate, adjusting ball, and fixing block of the present invention.

[0039] In the diagram: 1. Rotating disk; 2. Connecting sleeve; 201. Annular groove; 3. Insert rod; 4. Limiting ring; 5. Sliding rod; 6. Spiral guide plate; 7. Mounting plate; 701. Rotating groove; 8. Rotating plate; 801. Measuring scale slot; 9. Mounting groove; 10. Rangefinder; 11. First connecting rod; 12. Second connecting rod; 13. Placement plate; 1301. Spherical groove; 1302. Strip groove; 14. Adjusting ball; 15. Circular rod; 1501. Circular groove; 16. Level; 17. Fixing block; 18. Connecting bolt; 19. Arc-shaped pressure strip; 20. Motor; 21. First gear; 22. Second gear; 23. Limiting slide rail; 24. Tray; 2401. Circular hole; 25. Clamping block; 2501. Clamping groove; 26. Movable rod; 27. Connecting ring; 28. Bidirectional screw; 29. ​​Knob. Detailed Implementation

[0040] The following description is intended to disclose the invention and enable those skilled in the art to implement it. The preferred embodiments described below are merely examples, and other obvious variations will occur to those skilled in the art.

[0041] like Figures 1 to 10 The shield tunnel surface settlement monitoring device shown includes a rotating disk 1, a connecting sleeve 2 fixedly connected to the axis of the rotating disk 1, an annular groove 201 opened on the inner side of the connecting sleeve 2, an insert rod 3 placed at one end of the connecting sleeve 2, and a limit ring 4 fixedly connected to one end of the insert rod 3 after extending from the opening at one end of the connecting sleeve 2 into the interior of the connecting sleeve 2. The limit ring 4 is located in the annular groove 201.

[0042] A sliding rod 5 is fixedly connected to the side wall of the annular groove 201. A limiting ring 4 is slidably inserted into the sliding rod 5. A spiral guide plate 6 is fixedly connected to the end surface of the insertion rod 3 away from the connecting sleeve 2. An activity monitoring mechanism is connected between the connecting sleeve 2 and the insertion rod 3.

[0043] A mounting plate 7 is provided above the rotating disk 1. An angle adjustment mechanism is connected between the mounting plate 7 and the rotating disk 1. A rotating groove 701 is provided on the mounting plate 7. A rotating plate 8 is rotatably connected inside the rotating groove 701. A drive rotation mechanism is connected between the mounting plate 7 and the rotating plate 8.

[0044] A measuring scale slot 801 is provided on the rotating plate 8, and a clamping and positioning mechanism is connected to the rotating plate 8. During operation, some existing technologies measure the distance between the measuring point and the measuring position, and calculate the settlement height based on the distance change after settlement at the measuring position. Calculating the height difference by measuring the distance change over a long distance will result in a large measurement error. Furthermore, during the actual settlement process of the soil layer, existing technologies have difficulty measuring the difference between the internal soil layer and the surface settlement to verify whether the surface settlement is within the normal range, resulting in low accuracy of monitoring data and difficulty in ensuring construction safety. This technical solution can solve the above problems. The specific working method is as follows: Before shield tunneling, the construction personnel will insert the tip of the rod 3... The end is inserted into the soil surface during shield tunneling, and the rotating disk 1 rotates. The rotating disk 1 drives the connecting sleeve 2 to rotate, and the sliding rod 5 inside the connecting sleeve 2 limits the insertion of the insertion rod 3, causing the limiting ring 4 to rotate. The limiting ring 4 then drives the insertion rod 3 to rotate. The spiral guide plate 6 at the tip of the insertion rod 3 spirals deeper into the soil as the insertion rod 3 rotates and the vertical force of the construction personnel is applied, until both the insertion rod 3 and the connecting sleeve 2 are inside the soil. After the rotating disk 1 is at the ground surface, the installation plate 7 is adjusted by the angle adjustment mechanism to make the installation plate 7 horizontal. Then, the height difference measuring ruler is inserted into the rotating plate 8 along the top of the measuring ruler slot 801 on the rotating plate 8. The measuring ruler is clamped and positioned using a clamping and positioning mechanism, ensuring its vertical erection. Construction workers set up the height difference measuring instrument in a location unaffected by construction activity. The rotating plate 8 is rotated via a drive mechanism, adjusting the angle between the reading on the measuring ruler and the measuring instrument for better monitoring. During tunnel boring, when surface settlement occurs, the change in the measuring ruler's reading monitors the settlement value. Inserting the rod 3 into the soil improves the stability of the rotating disk 1 on the surface, ensuring the measuring ruler remains stable. Furthermore, the spiral guide plate 6 at the tip of the rod 3 is spirally embedded in the bottom layer of the soil, allowing for better monitoring of surface settlement. During descent, the settlement of the deep soil and the surface differs. The spiral guide plate 6 is embedded in the deep soil and drives the insertion rod 3 to settle along with the deep soil. Meanwhile, the rotating disk 1 and the connecting sleeve 2 settle with the surface, causing relative movement between the connecting sleeve 2 and the insertion rod 3. The relative movement between the connecting sleeve 2 and the insertion rod 3 is monitored by an active monitoring mechanism to detect the difference in settlement between the internal soil layer and the surface, thus verifying whether the surface settlement is within the normal range. During shield tunneling, by simultaneously monitoring both the surface settlement and the difference in settlement between the internal soil layer and the surface, the risk level of soil settlement can be verified from different perspectives, improving the accuracy of monitoring data and ensuring the safety of construction.

[0045] As a further embodiment of the present invention, the activity monitoring device includes a mounting groove 9, which is located at the end of the limiting ring 4 away from the rotating disk 1. A rangefinder 10 is fixedly installed inside the mounting groove 9, and the projection point of the rangefinder 10 is projected vertically onto one end of the annular groove 201. During operation, when the spiral guide plate 6 is embedded in the deep soil and drives the insertion rod 3 to settle along with the deep soil, while the rotating disk 1 and the connecting sleeve 2 settle with the ground surface, the insertion rod 3 drives the limiting ring 4 to move. The relative position between the rangefinder 10 installed on the limiting ring 4 and one end of the annular groove 201 on the connecting sleeve 2 changes, thereby causing the value of the rangefinder 10 to change. The construction personnel determine the difference in settlement values ​​between the internal soil layer and the ground surface based on the change value displayed on the mobile receiving end.

[0046] As a further embodiment of the present invention, the angle adjustment mechanism includes a plurality of first connecting rods 11 and a plurality of second connecting rods 12. The first connecting rods 11 are fixedly connected to the bottom of the rotating disk 1 in a circumferential array. One end of each of the first connecting rods 11 is fixedly connected to a placement disk 13. A spherical groove 1301 is provided on the placement disk 13. An adjusting ball 14 is rolled inside the spherical groove 1301. A circular rod 15 is fixedly connected to the surface of the adjusting ball 14. The second connecting rods 12 are fixedly connected to the bottom of the mounting plate 7 in a circumferential array. One end of each of the second connecting rods 12 is fixedly connected to the circular rod 15. On the side, a circular groove 1501 is provided on the top of the circular rod 15. A level 16 is fixedly installed inside the circular groove 1501, and an adjustment and positioning device is connected to the placement plate 13. During operation, by moving the adjusting ball 14 inside the spherical groove 1301, the circular rod 15 on the adjusting ball 14 is positioned directly above, and the change of the level 16 is observed. When the mercury inside the level 16 is in the center of the level 16, the adjusting and positioning device is used to position the adjusting ball 14 to complete the angle adjustment. At this time, the circular rod 15 and the top mounting plate 7 are both in a horizontal position.

[0047] As a further embodiment of the present invention, the adjusting positioning device includes a fixing block 17 and a strip groove 1302. The fixing block 17 is fixedly connected to the side of the placement tray 13, and a connecting bolt 18 is threaded onto the fixing block 17. The strip groove 1302 is formed on the side of the placement tray 13, and the strip groove 1302 is connected to a spherical groove 1301. An arc-shaped pressing strip 19 is slidably connected inside the strip groove 1302. One end of the connecting bolt 18 is rotatably connected to one side of the arc-shaped pressing strip 19, and the arc-shaped surface of the arc-shaped pressing strip 19 is close to the spherical groove 1302. 301, and the arc-shaped surface of the arc-shaped pressing strip 19 is provided with anti-slip texture; during operation, after the adjusting ball 14 has finished rotating and adjusting inside the spherical groove 1301, the connecting bolt 18 is rotated to move the connecting bolt 18 spirally inward along the threaded connection of the fixing block 17. One end of the connecting bolt 18 drives the arc-shaped pressing strip 19 to move along the strip groove 1302 through rotation, and the arc-shaped surface of the arc-shaped pressing strip 19 contacts and presses the surface of the adjusting ball 14, thereby positioning the adjusting ball 14 inside the spherical groove 1301.

[0048] As a further embodiment of the present invention, the driving rotation mechanism includes a motor 20 and a first gear 21. The motor 20 is fixedly installed on the side of one of the second connecting rods 12, and the first gear 21 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the rotating plate 8. A second gear 22 is fixedly connected to the output shaft of the motor 20, and the second gear 22 and the first gear 21 mesh with each other. During operation, the output shaft of the motor 20 drives the second gear 22 to rotate, and the first gear 21 rotates in the opposite direction through the meshing action of the second gear 22, thereby causing the rotating plate 8 to rotate in the rotating groove 701 on the mounting plate 7. When the height difference measuring ruler is inserted into the measuring ruler slot 801 on the rotating plate 8, the height difference measuring ruler rotates together with the rotating plate 8, thereby adjusting the measurement orientation.

[0049] As a further embodiment of the present invention, each of the first connecting rods 11 is fixedly connected to a limiting slide rail 23, and a tray 24 is rotatably connected between the limiting slide rails 23. The tray 24 is located on the top of the circular rod 15, and a circular hole 2401 is provided on the tray 24. During operation, when the height difference measuring ruler is inserted into the measuring ruler slot 801 on the rotating plate 8, the bottom end of the height difference measuring ruler contacts the top of the tray 24. When the height difference measuring ruler rotates with the rotating plate 8, the bottom of the height difference measuring ruler drives the tray 24 to rotate between the multiple limiting slide rails 23 through contact friction, thereby reducing the scraping and wear of the bottom end of the height difference measuring ruler during rotation. By providing a circular hole 2401 on the tray 24, it is convenient to observe the level 16 through the circular hole 2401 when adjusting the adjusting ball 14.

[0050] As a further embodiment of the present invention, the clamping and positioning mechanism includes two clamping blocks 25 and two movable rods 26. The two clamping blocks 25 are respectively located on both sides below the measuring scale slot 801. Each adjacent side of the two clamping blocks 25 has a clamping groove 2501. The two movable rods 26 are fixedly connected to the bottom of the rotating plate 8. The clamping blocks 25 are slidably connected to the two movable rods 26. The bottom of each clamping block 25 is fixedly connected to a connecting ring 27. A bidirectional screw 28 is threaded between the two connecting rings 27. Both ends are fixedly connected with knobs 29. During operation, after the height difference measuring ruler is inserted into the measuring ruler slot 801 on the rotating plate 8, the knob 29 at one end is rotated to drive the bidirectional screw 28 to rotate. The bidirectional screw 28, through the thread action with the two connecting rings 27, drives the two connecting rings 27 to move closer to each other, thereby causing the two clamping blocks 25 to move closer to each other along the movable rod 26. The clamping grooves 2501 on the two clamping blocks 25 synchronously clamp the two sides of the height difference measuring ruler, thereby realizing the clamping and positioning of the height difference measuring ruler.

[0051] A method for using a shield tunnel surface settlement monitoring device, the method comprising the following steps:

[0052] Step 1: The construction personnel insert the tip of the insertion rod 3 into the soil surface of the shield tunneling site, rotate the rotating disk 1, and the rotating disk 1 drives the connecting sleeve 2 to rotate. The sliding rod 5 inside the connecting sleeve 2 limits the insertion of the insertion rod 3, causing the limiting ring 4 to rotate. The limiting ring 4 then drives the insertion rod 3 to rotate. The spiral guide plate 6 at the tip of the insertion rod 3 spirals deeper into the soil as the insertion rod 3 rotates and the vertical force applied by the construction personnel is applied, until both the insertion rod 3 and the connecting sleeve 2 are inserted into the soil.

[0053] Step 2: Adjust the mounting plate 7 using the angle adjustment mechanism to make it horizontal. Then, insert the height difference measuring ruler into the rotating plate 8 along the top of the measuring ruler slot 801 on the rotating plate 8. Then, use the clamping and positioning mechanism to clamp and position the measuring ruler so that the height difference measuring ruler is vertically set up.

[0054] Step 3: Construction personnel set up a height difference measuring instrument in a location unaffected by construction. During the shield tunneling process, when the surface settles, the surface settlement value is monitored by the change in the reading of the height difference measuring ruler. The relative movement value between the connecting sleeve 2 and the insertion rod 3 is monitored by the moving monitoring mechanism, thereby monitoring the numerical difference between the internal soil layer and the surface settlement.

[0055] Working principle of this invention:

[0056] Before tunneling, the construction workers insert the tip of the insertion rod 3 into the soil surface where the shield will be installed. They then rotate the rotating disk 1, which in turn rotates the connecting sleeve 2. The sliding rod 5 inside the connecting sleeve 2 limits the insertion of the insertion rod 3, causing the limiting ring 4 to rotate. This, in turn, causes the limiting ring 4 to rotate the insertion rod 3. The spiral guide plate 6 at the tip of the insertion rod 3 spirals deeper into the soil as the insertion rod 3 rotates and the vertical force applied by the construction workers is applied, until both the insertion rod 3 and the connecting sleeve 2 are inside the soil. Then, the rotating disk 1 is positioned on the ground. At the surface, the mounting plate 7 is adjusted to a horizontal position using an angle adjustment mechanism. Then, the height difference measuring ruler is inserted into the rotating plate 8 along the top of the measuring ruler slot 801. The measuring ruler is then clamped and positioned using a clamping and positioning mechanism, ensuring the height difference measuring ruler is vertically erected. Construction personnel can set up the height difference measuring instrument in a location unaffected by construction work. The rotating plate 8 is rotated using a drive mechanism, thereby adjusting the angle between the height difference measuring ruler's reading and the height difference measuring instrument, facilitating better measurement. During shield tunneling, when surface settlement occurs, the change in the reading of the elevation difference measuring ruler is used to monitor the surface settlement value. By inserting the rod 3 into the soil, the stability of the rotating disk 1 on the ground surface is improved, ensuring the stable vertical position of the elevation difference measuring ruler. Furthermore, the spiral guide plate 6 at the tip of the rod 3 is spirally embedded in the bottom layer of the soil. When surface settlement occurs, the settlement amount of the deep soil differs from that of the surface. The spiral guide plate 6, embedded in the deep soil, causes the rod 3 to settle along with the deep soil, while the rotating disk 1... As the ground surface settles, the connecting sleeve 2 and the insertion rod 3 move relative to each other. The relative movement between the connecting sleeve 2 and the insertion rod 3 is monitored by an active monitoring mechanism to detect the difference in settlement values ​​between the internal soil layer and the ground surface, thereby verifying whether the ground surface settlement is within the normal range. During shield tunneling, by simultaneously monitoring the ground surface settlement and the difference in settlement values ​​between the internal soil layer and the ground surface, the risk level of soil settlement can be verified from different perspectives, improving the accuracy of monitoring data and ensuring the safety of construction.

[0057] The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, main features, and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The embodiments and descriptions in the specification are merely principles of the invention. Various changes and modifications can be made to the invention without departing from its spirit and scope, and all such changes and modifications fall within the scope of the claims. The scope of protection claimed by the appended claims and their equivalents is defined.

Claims

1. A shield tunnel surface settlement monitoring device, comprising a rotating disk, characterized in that, A connecting sleeve is fixedly connected to the axis of the rotating disk. An annular groove is opened on the inner side of the connecting sleeve. A rod is placed at one end of the connecting sleeve. One end of the rod extends from the opening at one end of the connecting sleeve into the interior of the connecting sleeve and is fixedly connected to a limit ring. The limit ring is located in the annular groove. A sliding rod is fixedly connected to the side wall of the annular groove. A limiting ring is slidably inserted into the sliding rod. A spiral guide plate is fixedly connected to the end of the rod away from the connecting sleeve. An activity monitoring mechanism is connected between the connecting sleeve and the rod. A mounting plate is provided above the rotating disk, and an angle adjustment mechanism is connected between the mounting plate and the rotating disk. A rotating groove is provided on the mounting plate, and a rotating plate is rotatably connected inside the rotating groove. A drive rotation mechanism is connected between the mounting plate and the rotating plate. A measuring scale slot is provided on the rotating plate, and a clamping and positioning mechanism is connected to the rotating plate; The angle adjustment mechanism includes multiple first connecting rods and multiple second connecting rods. The first connecting rods are fixedly connected to the bottom of the rotating disk in a circumferential array. A placement disk is fixedly connected to one end of each of the first connecting rods. A spherical groove is provided on the placement disk. An adjusting ball is rolled inside the spherical groove. A circular rod is fixedly connected to the surface of the adjusting ball. The second connecting rods are fixedly connected to the bottom of the mounting plate in a circumferential array. One end of each second connecting rod is fixedly connected to the side of the circular rod. A circular groove is provided on the top of the circular rod. A level is fixedly installed inside the circular groove. An adjustment and positioning device is connected to the placement disk. The adjusting positioning device includes a fixing block and a strip groove. The fixing block is fixedly connected to the side of the placement plate, and a connecting bolt is threaded onto the fixing block. The strip groove is opened on the side of the placement plate, and the strip groove and the spherical groove are connected. An arc-shaped pressure strip is slidably connected inside the strip groove. One end of the connecting bolt is rotatably connected to one side of the arc-shaped pressure strip. The arc-shaped surface of the arc-shaped pressure strip is close to the spherical groove, and anti-slip texture is provided on the arc-shaped surface of the arc-shaped pressure strip. The drive rotation mechanism includes a motor and a first gear. The motor is fixedly mounted on the side of one of the second connecting rods, the first gear is fixedly connected to the bottom of the rotating plate, and a second gear is fixedly connected to the output shaft of the motor. The second gear and the first gear mesh with each other. Each of the first connecting rods is fixedly connected to a limit slide rail, and the limit slide rails are rotatably connected to a tray. The tray is located at the top of the circular rod and has a circular hole.

2. The shield tunnel surface settlement monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The activity monitoring mechanism includes a mounting slot, which is located at the end of the limiting ring away from the rotating disk. A rangefinder is fixedly installed inside the mounting slot, and the projection point of the rangefinder is projected vertically onto one end of the annular groove.

3. The shield tunnel surface settlement monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The clamping and positioning mechanism includes two clamping blocks and two movable rods. The two clamping blocks are located on both sides below the measuring scale slot. Each of the two clamping blocks has a clamping groove on an adjacent side. The two movable rods are fixedly connected to the bottom of the rotating plate. The clamping blocks are slidably connected to the two movable rods. The bottom of each clamping block is fixedly connected to a connecting ring. A double-ended screw is threaded between the two connecting rings. Both ends of the double-ended screw are fixedly connected to knobs.

4. A method of using a shield tunnel surface settlement monitoring device, applicable to the shield tunnel surface settlement monitoring device described in any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, The method includes the following steps: Step 1: The construction workers insert the tip of the insertion rod into the soil surface of the shield tunnel. The rotating disk is rotated, which drives the connecting sleeve to rotate. The sliding rod inside the connecting sleeve limits the insertion of the insertion rod, causing the limiting ring to rotate. The limiting ring drives the insertion rod to rotate, and the spiral guide plate at the tip of the insertion rod spirals deeper into the soil as the insertion rod rotates and the vertical force of the construction workers is applied, until both the insertion rod and the connecting sleeve are inserted into the soil. Step 2: Adjust the mounting plate using the angle adjustment mechanism to make it horizontal. Then, insert the height difference measuring ruler into the rotating plate along the top of the measuring ruler slot. Finally, use the clamping and positioning mechanism to clamp and position the measuring ruler so that the height difference measuring ruler is vertically positioned. Step 3: Construction personnel set up a height difference measuring ruler in a location unaffected by construction. During the shield tunneling process, when the surface settles, the change in the reading of the height difference measuring ruler is used to monitor the surface settlement value. The relative movement between the connecting sleeve and the insertion rod is monitored through an active monitoring mechanism, thereby monitoring the numerical difference between the internal soil layer and the surface settlement.

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