Design method and device of array antenna

Abstract

The application provides a design method and device of an array antenna, wherein the design method of the array antenna comprises the following steps: determining the number of sub-arrays of the array antenna, and grouping each antenna unit according to the serial number of each antenna unit in the array antenna and the number of sub-arrays, to obtain a sub-array with the number of sub-arrays, wherein the array antenna is a density taper pin array obtained by unevenly spacing an initial antenna arrangement with uniform density, and the serial number of the antenna units in one sub-array is an arithmetic sequence; determining the rotation direction of a target sub-array according to the main polarization direction of the array antenna, and determining the rotation angle of the target sub-array according to the number of sub-arrays, taking the rotation direction and the rotation angle as the rotation parameters of the target sub-array; outputting and saving the rotation parameters of each antenna unit in the array antenna, and designing the array antenna according to the rotation parameters of each antenna unit. The sub-arrays divided in the form of the arithmetic sequence can be uniformly distributed in the whole array surface, and the radiation performance with better polarization purity can be obtained.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of antenna technology, and in particular to a method for designing an array antenna. The invention also relates to an array antenna design apparatus, a computing device, and a computer-readable storage medium. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of antenna technology, large-scale array antennas have emerged. In sensing applications such as radio telescopes, satellite communications, sonar, and early warning radar, systems often require large-scale array antennas, also known as large-aperture array antennas. Large-aperture array antennas can provide high resolution and high directivity, while the cost of array antennas is directly proportional to the number of antenna elements. Therefore, it is necessary to minimize the number of antenna elements within the array aperture.

[0003] In existing technologies, array antennas using traditional regular grid-like element arrangements can reduce the number of antenna elements by increasing the spacing between them. However, this may lead to undersampling or sparse sampling of the array surface, resulting in grating lobes in the antenna beam. Therefore, conventional array antenna designs require limiting the spacing between antenna elements, resulting in poor flexibility. Consequently, more flexible irregular array arrangements have emerged. Current methods for irregular array arrangements only design and optimize the array density to improve sidelobe performance, without addressing the optimization of the rotation parameters of the antenna elements within the array to achieve cross-polarization suppression. Therefore, there is an urgent need for an optimization scheme for the rotation parameters of the antenna elements in an array antenna. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of this, embodiments of the present invention provide a method for designing an array antenna. The present invention also relates to an array antenna design apparatus, a computing device, and a computer-readable storage medium, to address the technical deficiencies existing in the prior art.

[0005] According to a first aspect of the present invention, a method for designing an array antenna is provided, comprising:

[0006] The number of subarrays to divide the array antenna is determined, and each antenna element is grouped according to the number of the antenna elements in the array antenna and the number of subarrays to obtain the number of subarray groups. The array antenna is a density cone array obtained by expanding the initial uniform density antenna arrangement with unequal spacing. The number of the antenna elements in a subarray is an arithmetic sequence.

[0007] Based on the main polarization direction of the array antenna, the rotation direction of the target subarray is determined, and the rotation angle of the target subarray is determined based on the number of subarrays. The rotation direction and rotation angle are used as the rotation parameters of the target subarray, where the target subarray is any subarray.

[0008] Output and save the rotation parameters of each antenna element in the array antenna, and design the array antenna based on the rotation parameters of each antenna element.

[0009] According to a second aspect of the present invention, an array antenna design apparatus is provided, comprising:

[0010] The grouping module is configured to determine the number of subarrays to divide the array antenna, and to group each antenna element according to the number of each antenna element in the array antenna and the number of subarrays to obtain the number of subarray groups. The array antenna is a density cone array obtained by expanding an initial uniform density antenna arrangement with unequal spacing. The number of antenna elements in a subarray is an arithmetic sequence.

[0011] The determination module is configured to determine the rotation direction of the target subarray based on the main polarization direction of the array antenna, and to determine the rotation angle of the target subarray based on the number of subarrays, using the rotation direction and rotation angle as rotation parameters of the target subarray, wherein the target subarray is any subarray.

[0012] The design module is configured to output and save the rotation parameters of each antenna element in the array antenna, and design the array antenna based on the rotation parameters of each antenna element.

[0013] According to a third aspect of the present invention, a computing device is provided, comprising:

[0014] Memory and processor;

[0015] The memory is used to store computer-executable instructions, and the processor is used to execute the computer-executable instructions to implement the steps of the above-described array antenna design method.

[0016] According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, a computer-readable storage medium is provided that stores computer-executable instructions which, when executed by a processor, implement the steps of the above-described array antenna design method.

[0017] The array antenna design method provided in this invention involves determining the number of subarrays to be divided into in the array antenna, and grouping each antenna element according to its index and the number of subarrays to obtain subarray groups. The array antenna is a density cone array obtained by expanding an initial uniform density antenna arrangement with unequal spacing. The index of the antenna elements in a subarray is an arithmetic sequence. The rotation direction of the target subarray is determined based on the main polarization direction of the array antenna, and the rotation angle of the target subarray is determined based on the number of subarrays. The rotation direction and rotation angle are used as rotation parameters of the target subarray, where the target subarray is any subarray. The rotation parameters of each antenna element in the array antenna are output and saved, and the array antenna is designed based on the rotation parameters of each antenna element.

[0018] In this scenario, the antenna array can be divided into multiple subarrays based on the selected number of subarrays. Then, the rotation direction of the target subarray is determined according to the main polarization direction of the array antenna, and the rotation angle of the target subarray is determined based on the number of subarrays. Different antenna element structures are rotated by subarray division. Subarrays divided using an arithmetic sequence can be distributed relatively evenly across the entire array surface, allowing the low cross-polarization implementation method of the array antenna to achieve cross-polarization cancellation over a larger angular range, thereby obtaining radiation performance with better polarization purity. Furthermore, achieving low cross-polarization in a circular polarization density conical array allows for the compatible implementation of low sidelobe characteristics and low cross-polarization characteristics within a single array antenna when the array generates a normal beam under equal-radius and in-phase excitation. This high efficiency, versatility, and ease of operation facilitate the engineering implementation of the array antenna, possessing significant practical application value and applicable to antenna engineering applications in communication and radar systems. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of a design method for an array antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 2a This is a schematic diagram of an initial antenna arrangement with uniform density provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 2b This is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of a density tapered pin array antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 2c This is a schematic diagram of a first type of radiation pattern provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 2d This is a schematic diagram of a second radiation pattern provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 2e This is a schematic diagram of the physical structure of an array antenna provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 2f This is a schematic diagram of a third type of radiation pattern provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the orientation and rotation of a unit structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 4a This is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of a mirrored density cone pin array according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 4bThis is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of a low cross-polarization density tapered pin array corresponding to d=3 according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 4c This is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of a low cross-polarization density tapered pin array corresponding to d=5 according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 4d This is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of a low cross-polarization density tapered pin array corresponding to d=8 according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 4e This is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of a low cross-polarization density tapered pin array corresponding to d=13 according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 5a This is a schematic diagram of the physical structure of a density tapered pin array antenna corresponding to d=5 according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 5b This is a schematic diagram of the physical structure of a density tapered pin array antenna corresponding to d=8 according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 6a This is a schematic diagram of a radiation pattern corresponding to d=5 according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 6b This is a schematic diagram of a radiation pattern corresponding to d=8 provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 7 This is a flowchart illustrating the low cross-polarization implementation process of a circular polarization density tapered pin array according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0037] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an array antenna design device provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 9 This is a structural block diagram of a computing device provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0039] Numerous specific details are set forth in the following description to provide a full understanding of the invention. However, the invention can be practiced in many other ways different from those described herein, and those skilled in the art can make similar extensions without departing from the spirit of the invention. Therefore, the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0040] The terminology used in one or more embodiments of the present invention is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the scope of the invention. The singular forms “a” and “the” as used in one or more embodiments of the invention and the appended claims are also intended to include the plural forms unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It should also be understood that the term “and / or” as used in one or more embodiments of the invention refers to and includes any or all possible combinations of one or more associated listed items.

[0041] It should be understood that although the terms first, second, etc., may be used to describe various information in one or more embodiments of the present invention, such information should not be limited to these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish information of the same type from one another. For example, first may also be referred to as second without departing from the scope of one or more embodiments of the present invention, and similarly, second may also be referred to as first. Depending on the context, the word "if" as used herein may be interpreted as "when," "when," or "in response to a determination."

[0042] It should be noted that while array antennas using a traditional regular grid-like element arrangement can reduce the number of antenna elements by increasing the spacing between them, this may lead to undersampling or sparse sampling of the array surface, resulting in grating lobes in the antenna beam. Generally, array designs require the antenna element spacing to be equal to or less than λ / (1+sinθ). max ), where λ is the wavelength, and θ max This represents the maximum scanning angle of the array antenna.

[0043] Irregular (or aperiodic) array antennas, through the aperiodic arrangement of antenna elements, can dissipate the energy of the grating lobes, which would be present in a regular array, into other low-level sidelobes, thus achieving grating lobe suppression. In this way, irregular array design breaks free from the limitations imposed on element spacing by grating lobe suppression in regular arrays, allowing for the selection of larger element spacings. It also provides greater freedom in optimizing the specific array arrangement, resulting in greater design freedom and flexibility. Compared to regular (or periodic) arrays, irregular (or aperiodic) arrays have fewer elements; or, with the same number of elements, irregular arrays can cover a larger area, thereby achieving higher antenna gain and narrower beamwidth or higher angular resolution.

[0044] Irregularly spaced arrays can achieve specific aperture field distributions and radiation pattern characteristics by non-uniformly arranging antenna elements within the array surface. Common methods include using density cones, i.e., a density decreasing from the center to the edge, i.e., a denser center and sparser edges, to simulate the excitation amplitude distribution of low sidelobes. This provides a design method that differs from traditional regular arrays, which achieve low sidelobe characteristics by controlling the excitation amplitude of array elements.

[0045] In order to achieve sidelobe suppression, traditional phased arrays based on regular array arrangement need to amplify the power of the array elements according to their positions, that is, the output power is the highest at the center and decreases towards the edge. This will result in extremely poor power output efficiency of the antenna.

[0046] In irregular array arrangements, equal-amplitude (or power) excitation of each antenna element can also achieve sidelobe suppression characteristics, resulting in high power radiation efficiency. In large-scale phased arrays, irregular array arrangements are used to achieve specific density cones, thereby obtaining low sidelobe performance. Simultaneously, each antenna element can radiate with equal amplitude and high efficiency, resulting in high power radiation efficiency, offering significant technological advantages. In satellite communications, the extremely high free-space loss in space-to-ground links requires antennas with large apertures and high gain. The increasing application of large phased arrays in communication satellites makes the low-sidelobe implementation method based on density cone array arrangements increasingly valuable in space antennas.

[0047] One possible implementation involves a relatively simple density tapered array arrangement based on concentric rings. The position of the antenna elements in the array can be represented as the product of two functions, which control the angular position of the unit and its distance from the array center, respectively. While concentric ring-based arrays offer good pattern symmetry due to their axisymmetric nature and can suppress and control grating lobes, their simplicity limits sufficient array aperiodicity and design flexibility.

[0048] Therefore, a method for generating a special irregular array with planar arrangement is provided, which can obtain an array antenna with low sidelobe characteristics and non-uniform spacing, applicable to the field of radio technology. Specifically, a method for generating a low-sidelobe density conical array is provided, aiming to quickly and efficiently generate density conical arrays with low sidelobe characteristics. A definite expression for the position of each antenna in the density conical array arrangement is given, enabling rapid generation of density conical arrays and improving the radiation performance and engineering feasibility of special, irregular array arrangements.

[0049] This low sidelobe density conical array generation scheme presents a method and implementation process for obtaining a density conical helical distribution by expanding a uniform helical distribution generated by a Fermat spiral. The specific implementation process steps may include setting array parameters and generating a uniform density helical distribution, setting the parameters of the Kaiser window function, calculating the array expansion factor, performing unequal spacing expansion operations, establishing an array antenna model and performance analysis, adjusting parameter settings, and saving and outputting array position data.

[0050] However, current applications of density tapered pin arrays only focus on array density design and optimization to improve sidelobe performance, without addressing solutions for low cross-polarization. Circularly polarized antennas typically achieve circular polarization by introducing a perturbation structure into the original axisymmetric structure. This creates a structural orientation feature within the antenna structure. Different orientations of this feature at the antenna center indicate different structural orientations, and different antenna orientations can also be generated by rotating the antenna structure around its center. Beyond designing antenna elements with high polarization purity, cross-polarization suppression in circularly polarized array antennas is primarily achieved by rotating the antenna elements in the array in place, thus canceling out the cross-polarization of the element radiation. For example, in a regular array, the antenna elements are rotated around the center of the entire array or a local subarray center. However, in irregular arrays, it is difficult to determine the location of the local subarray center, making it impossible to provide the in-situ structural orientation rotation angle value for each antenna element (i.e., the structural orientation of each antenna element within a subarray points towards the subarray center). Although some irregular arrays can have a center of the entire array, setting the in-situ structural orientation rotation angle value for each antenna element (with the structural orientation of each element pointing towards the center of the entire array) limits the range of cross-polarization cancellation angles, generally only effective for the main lobe region. Therefore, the technique of achieving cross-polarization suppression by rotating antenna elements in place in irregularly arranged circularly polarized array antennas still requires improvement and refinement.

[0051] Therefore, this invention provides a design method for an array antenna, which is essentially a scheme for achieving low cross-polarization performance using a special irregular circularly polarized array arranged in a planar manner. It provides a circularly polarized array antenna with non-uniform spacing and a density conical spiral distribution, exhibiting low cross-polarization characteristics, and can be used in the field of radio technology. This scheme for achieving low cross-polarization in a circularly polarized density conical spiral array aims to provide a process for achieving low cross-polarization in an irregular circularly polarized array antenna with a density conical spiral distribution. It provides the basis for subarray division of the density conical spiral distribution array and the process of achieving cross-polarization cancellation through the structural orientation of the antenna elements. This allows for compatibility between low sidelobes and low cross-polarization performance in the density conical spiral distribution array. Specifically, by dividing the subarray according to an arithmetic sequence and ensuring that the antenna elements in the subarray have the same structural orientation, and by using the number of subarrays as a value in the Fibonacci sequence, the cross-polarization can be effectively cancelled through the differences in the structural orientation of the elements in the array, thus achieving the purpose of cross-polarization suppression. Furthermore, mirroring operations are used to match low cross-polarization under different circular polarization as the primary polarization radiation application target.

[0052] The density conical spiral distribution and corresponding array antenna model obtained in this embodiment of the invention not only include the position coordinates of the antenna elements, but also provide the structural orientation and rotation angle data of the antenna elements in the array. Low cross-polarization performance is achieved in the circularly polarized density conical array, combining the characteristics of sidelobes and cross-polarization. This allows for compatibility between low sidelobes and improved polarization purity in the same irregular array antenna, resulting in high efficiency, universality, and ease of operation. This facilitates the engineering implementation of the array antenna and has significant practical application value, applicable to antenna engineering applications in communication and radar systems.

[0053] This invention provides a method for designing an array antenna, and also relates to an array antenna design apparatus, a computing device, and a computer-readable storage medium, which will be described in detail in the following embodiments.

[0054] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of a design method for an array antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention, specifically including the following steps 102-106:

[0055] Step 102: Determine the number of subarrays to divide the array antenna, and group each antenna element according to the number of antenna elements and the number of subarrays in the array antenna to obtain the number of subarray groups. The array antenna is a density cone array obtained by expanding the initial uniform density antenna arrangement with unequal spacing. The number of antenna elements in a subarray is an arithmetic sequence.

[0056] It should be noted that the array antenna is a density tapered pin array obtained by expanding an initial uniform density antenna arrangement with unequal spacing. Unequal spacing expansion means that the spacing of the array antenna gradually increases from the center to the edge, such as a spirally distributed density tapered pin array. Furthermore, since this array antenna is a circularly polarized density tapered pin array, the low cross-polarization of this array antenna is achieved by subarray division, and the antenna elements in each subarray have the same structural orientation. The index of the antenna elements in the same subarray is an arithmetic sequence, that is, the difference between adjacent antenna elements in the same subarray is the same, i.e., the same tolerance, and the tolerance is the number of subarrays.

[0057] In one optional implementation of this embodiment, the number of subarrays for dividing the antenna array is determined, and the specific implementation process can be as follows:

[0058] Select the target value from the Fibonacci sequence;

[0059] The selected target value is used as the number of subarrays.

[0060] Specifically, the Fibonacci sequence, also known as the golden ratio sequence or the "rabbit sequence," refers to the following sequence: 0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, ... In this embodiment of the invention, the number of subarrays can be selected from the Fibonacci sequence, and the minimum value can be 3.

[0061] In practical applications, we can first select the number N of subarrays to be divided from the Fibonacci sequence. subarray And complete the subarray partitioning. Specifically, using the common difference d = N of the arithmetic sequence. subarray The first terms are 1, 2, ..., N respectively. subarray Establish N subarray There are N arithmetic sequences, where each term in each sequence corresponds to an antenna element with a specific index, forming a subarray. subarray N is defined by arithmetic sequences. subarray Number of subarrays N subarray The determination of the antenna elements needs to consider factors such as the dominant polarization of the antenna array and the complexity of engineering implementation. The element number is determined by the Fermat spiral used to generate the initial antenna arrangement with uniform density.

[0062] In other words, the tolerance value is determined from the Fibonacci sequence and the subarray is divided. The subarray is divided by using the values ​​of the arithmetic sequence as the element numbers. If the element numbers belong to the same arithmetic sequence, the antenna elements belong to the same subarray.

[0063] For example, taking a subarray with 5 subarrays as an example, subarray 1 is composed of antenna elements 1, 6, 11, ..., etc., subarray 2 is composed of antenna elements 2, 7, 12, ..., etc., subarray 3 is composed of antenna elements 3, 8, 13, ..., etc., subarray 4 is composed of antenna elements 4, 9, 14, ..., etc., and subarray 5 is composed of antenna elements 5, 10, 15, ..., etc.

[0064] In this embodiment of the invention, different unit structures are rotated by dividing the array into subarrays. Unlike the traditional regular array which achieves low cross-polarization to divide the subarrays, the divided subarrays can be distributed more evenly across the entire array surface and can achieve cross-polarization cancellation over a larger angular range, thereby obtaining radiation performance with better polarization purity.

[0065] In an optional embodiment of this invention, before dividing the array antenna, a helical density cone array can be generated; that is, before determining the number of subarrays to divide the array antenna, the following steps may be included:

[0066] Based on the set number of antenna elements and the polar angle offset between adjacent antenna elements, the initial position of each antenna element is calculated using the Fermat spiral to obtain an initial antenna arrangement with uniform density.

[0067] The spacing of the initial antenna arrangement with uniform density is expanded according to the set expansion parameters to obtain the updated position of each antenna element.

[0068] An array antenna analysis model is constructed based on the updated position, and the operating parameters of the array antenna analysis model are evaluated. The spacing of the array antenna analysis model increases from the center to the edge.

[0069] Based on the evaluation results, the expansion parameters are adjusted, and the spacing of the initial antenna arrangement with uniform density is expanded again to obtain the updated position of each antenna element until the evaluation results meet the operating conditions of the array antenna, and the target position of each antenna element is output.

[0070] Specifically, since the spacing between adjacent antenna elements in the initial antenna arrangement is a spiral distribution based on the Fermat spiral, the spacing between adjacent antenna elements in the initial antenna arrangement is basically the same, which is a uniform density arrangement. That is to say, the initial antenna arrangement is a spiral distribution with uniform density.

[0071] In one optional implementation of this embodiment, a spirally distributed, uniformly dense initial antenna arrangement can be generated using Fermat spirals; that is, the initial positions of each antenna element in the initial antenna arrangement can be calculated using Fermat spirals. In other words, the specific process for generating a uniformly dense initial antenna arrangement can be as follows:

[0072] Based on the set number of antenna elements and the polar angle offset between adjacent antenna elements, the initial position of each antenna element is calculated using the Fermat spiral to obtain an initial antenna arrangement with uniform density.

[0073] It should be noted that the initial antenna arrangement with a spiral distribution and uniform density is obtained through the Fermat spiral. In the initial antenna arrangement with uniform density, each antenna element is arranged along the spiral. The specific initial position of each antenna element in the initial antenna arrangement with uniform density can be calculated using formula (1) in polar coordinates:

[0074]

[0075] Where (r, θ) are the initial polar coordinates (initial polar radius, initial polar angle) of the planar position; m is the index of the antenna element in the array antenna; s is the linear spacing between antenna elements; τ is the polar angle offset between adjacent antenna elements, which can initially be set to the golden ratio. Alternatively, 1.618; N is the number of antenna elements in the array antenna, which can be set initially based on requirements.

[0076] In practical applications, the initial antenna arrangement obtained by formula (1) above is a spiral distribution with uniform density. For different array antenna sizes, the first sidelobe electrical average is about 17dB, and it is independent of the spacing s. Therefore, in order to achieve low sidelobes, it is necessary to introduce density cones into the spiral distribution and uniform density initial antenna arrangement, that is, to perform a spacing expansion operation. After the expansion operation, the spacing increases from the center to the edge in a spiral distribution.

[0077] For example, the above method is used to generate a 324-element density conical array in a certain K-band. At this time, the number of antenna elements N = 324 and the spacing τ = 11.25mm are set. The initial antenna arrangement with a spiral distribution and uniform density is obtained by calculating using the above formula (1). Figure 2a This is a schematic diagram of an initial antenna arrangement with uniform density according to an embodiment of the present invention, as shown below. Figure 2a As shown, each "*" represents the location of an antenna element, which can be calculated by the above formula (1). The initial antenna arrangement is spirally distributed and has a uniform density. The corresponding MaxR value is 114.25 mm. The MaxR value refers to the maximum radius statistically obtained in the initial antenna arrangement with spiral distribution and uniform density, that is, MaxR = max(r), where r is the radius in the initial antenna arrangement.

[0078] In this embodiment of the invention, the array size can be determined according to actual needs, the number of antenna elements N in the array antenna can be set, and the linear spacing τ between the elements can be set according to the size of the antenna elements in the array antenna. The initial position of each antenna element can be calculated using the above formula (1) to generate an initial antenna arrangement with uniform density. Each antenna element constitutes a 2D planar, uniform density, spirally distributed array arrangement. In this way, the irregular array arrangement of the spirally distributed, uniform density initial antenna arrangement can provide radial and azimuthal element arrangement extension, while avoiding the occurrence of extremely narrow sidelobes with high levels, thereby obtaining the plateau-shaped characteristics of the sidelobe or grating lobe region.

[0079] It should be noted that, in order to achieve low sidelobes, an expansion parameter can be introduced into the initial spirally distributed, uniformly dense antenna arrangement to perform a spacing expansion operation, thereby achieving a density taper, that is, a decrease in density from the center to the edge of the array antenna. Here, spacing expansion refers to increasing the spacing between antenna elements.

[0080] In one optional implementation of this embodiment, spacing dilation can be performed using a Caesar window function. That is, the set dilation parameters include Caesar window function parameters and dilation factor correction coefficients. The initial antenna arrangement with uniform density is then dilated according to the set dilation parameters to obtain the updated positions of each antenna element. The specific implementation process is as follows:

[0081] Calculate the value of the Caesar window function based on the initial Caesar window function parameters;

[0082] Based on the initial expansion factor correction coefficient and the Caesar window function value, calculate the array expansion factor corresponding to each antenna element;

[0083] Based on the array expansion factor corresponding to each antenna element, the initial position of each antenna element is expanded by spacing to obtain the updated position of each antenna element.

[0084] Specifically, the Kaiser window function parameters are the relevant parameters involved in the calculation of the Kaiser window function, and the expansion factor correction coefficient is a set value used to calculate the array expansion factor. The Kaiser window function is a locally optimized window function with strong capabilities. It is a window function that closely approximates the maximum energy ratio. Using it to design finite unit impulse response (FIR) filters can effectively adjust the relative relationship between the main lobe and side lobes of the window function spectrum, thus enabling the designed FIR filter to simultaneously meet the requirements of multiple design specifications such as passband ripple, stopband attenuation, and transition bandwidth.

[0085] It should be noted that the Caesar window function value can be calculated first based on the initial Caesar window function parameters. Then, combined with the initial dilation factor correction coefficient and the Caesar window function value, the array dilation factor corresponding to each antenna element can be calculated. Each antenna element can correspond to one array dilation factor, and different antenna elements can have different array dilation factors, thereby achieving an increasing spacing from the center to the edge of the array antenna, with a density tapered shape. Afterward, based on the array dilation factor corresponding to each antenna element, the initial position of each antenna element is dilated to obtain the updated position of each antenna element. The updated positions of each antenna element can form a spirally distributed, density tapered antenna array.

[0086] In this embodiment of the invention, a Caesar window function is used when calculating the array expansion factor corresponding to each antenna element. The Caesar window function can be controlled by a single control parameter setting, making it simpler than other window functions. Furthermore, through multiple comparisons, the Caesar window function demonstrates that this method more easily achieves low sidelobe performance compared to other window functions.

[0087] In one optional implementation of this embodiment, the Caesar window function parameters include the length parameter and window property control parameters of the Caesar window. The Caesar window function value is calculated based on the initial Caesar window function parameters. The specific implementation process can be as follows:

[0088] Calculate the Kaiser window function value corresponding to each function variable based on the Kaiser window length parameter, window property control parameters, function independent variables, and the first type of Bessel function. The function independent variables are an array of positive integers, and the largest value in the array is less than the Kaiser window length parameter.

[0089] In practical applications, the length parameter L and the window characteristic control parameter β of the Kaiser window can be set. Generally, the length parameter L of the Kaiser window can be set to an even number, such as 64, 128, etc., while the window characteristic control parameter β depends on the target sidelobe level SLL value. The independent variable of the Kaiser window function is n, and the expression is Kaiser(n), which is specifically defined as shown in the following formula (2):

[0090]

[0091] Here, the independent variable n is an array of positive integers, where the largest value is less than the length parameter of the Caesar window, i.e., n = 1, 2, ..., L-1. I0 is a Bessel function of the first kind. Bessel functions are a general term for a special class of functions in mathematics, and usually, when we talk about Bessel functions, we are referring to Bessel functions of the first kind.

[0092] It should be noted that by setting the Caesar window length parameter L and the window characteristic control parameter β, the Caesar window function value corresponding to each function's independent variable n can be calculated. This facilitates the subsequent calculation of the array expansion factor for each antenna element using the Caesar window function values ​​corresponding to each function's independent variable n. Using the Caesar window function, the function can be controlled through a single window characteristic control parameter setting, which is simpler compared to other window functions. Furthermore, multiple comparisons show that the Caesar window function, compared to other window functions, more easily achieves low sidelobe performance in this method.

[0093] In one optional implementation of this embodiment, the array expansion factor corresponding to each antenna element is calculated based on the initial expansion factor correction coefficient and the Caesar window function value. The specific implementation process can be as follows:

[0094] Use half of the length parameter of the Caesar window as the first variable value;

[0095] Divide the target polar radius by the maximum polar radius to obtain the first intermediate value, and then round down the product of the first intermediate value and the first variable value to obtain the second intermediate value. Here, the target polar radius is the polar radius included in the initial position of the target antenna element, the target antenna element is any antenna element in the initial antenna arrangement, and the maximum polar radius is the largest polar radius in the initial antenna arrangement.

[0096] The sum of the second intermediate value and the first variable value is used as the second variable value. The Caesar window function value corresponding to the first variable value and the Caesar window function value corresponding to the second variable value are then determined.

[0097] The array expansion factor corresponding to the target antenna element is calculated based on the Caesar window function value corresponding to the first variable value, the Caesar window function value corresponding to the second variable value, and the initial expansion factor correction coefficient.

[0098] In practical applications, after generating an initial antenna arrangement with a spiral distribution and uniform density, the maximum pole radius in this initial antenna arrangement can be determined. Each antenna element in this initial antenna arrangement can be used as a target antenna element, and the corresponding array expansion factor can be calculated based on the pole radius included in its initial position. Specifically, the array expansion factor corresponding to the target antenna element can be calculated using the following formula (3):

[0099]

[0100] Where α is the pre-set dilation factor correction coefficient, i.e., the initial dilation factor correction coefficient, α>0, and [] is the rounding symbol. r is the pole radius included in the initial position of the target antenna element; MaxR=max(r), which is the largest pole radius in the initial antenna arrangement; L is the length parameter of the Caesar window. This is the value of the first variable. The first median value, The second intermediate value; The value of the second variable; The value of the Caesar window function corresponding to the value of the second variable. The value of the Caesar window function corresponding to the value of the first variable is given. In the above formula (3), r is a variable, and the other parameters are specific values ​​calculated through expressions.

[0101] For example, the parameters of the Kaiser window function are set as follows: L = 128, β = 2.75, and in the calculation of the array expansion factor p, the expansion factor correction coefficient α is set to 2.5. Through the above... Figure 2a The initial position of each antenna element in polar coordinates is calculated according to the above formula (3) to obtain the corresponding array expansion factor. Then, according to the above formula (4), the updated position of each antenna element is obtained. This updated position can be used to construct a density tapered array arrangement. Figure 2b This is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of a density tapered pin array antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention, as shown below. Figure 2b As shown, each "*" symbol represents the position of an antenna element. The number on the "*" symbol is the number assigned to each antenna element according to the calculated position order. Arranging 324 antenna elements in a circular area with a diameter of approximately 0.32 meters produces a density-conical array antenna. The antenna elements in the central area are relatively densely arranged, while the spacing between antenna elements increases towards the outer edge, resulting in a lower arrangement density. The minimum spacing in the array antenna is 10.2 mm (approximately 0.58λ@17GHz), which meets the requirements for the radiating element structure, while the maximum adjacent spacing in the array antenna is 20.1 mm.

[0102] In this embodiment of the invention, the introduction of the expansion factor correction coefficient in the analytical expression of the array expansion factor provides greater flexibility in constructing the array expansion factor, which is beneficial for achieving extremely low sidelobe level performance through fine adjustments to the array arrangement.

[0103] In one optional implementation of this embodiment, the initial position includes the initial polar radius and the initial polar angle; based on the array dilation factor corresponding to each antenna element, the initial position of each antenna element is dilated to obtain the updated position of each antenna element. The specific implementation process can be as follows:

[0104] Based on the array expansion factor corresponding to each antenna element, the initial pole diameter of each antenna element is expanded by spacing to obtain the updated pole diameter;

[0105] The updated polar radius and the initial polar angle included in the initial position are used as the updated position.

[0106] In practical applications, the initial spiral-distributed, uniformly dense antenna array can be spaced out to obtain a spiral-distributed, density-conical antenna array. Specifically, any antenna element in the initial antenna array can be used as the target antenna element, and its updated position can be calculated. Specifically, the updated position of the target antenna element can be determined using the following formula (4):

[0107] r taper =r(1+p),θ taper =θ (4)

[0108] Among them, (r taper θ taper ) represents the updated position of the target antenna element, which also includes the polar radius and polar angle. r is the initial polar radius included in the initial position of the target antenna element in the initial antenna array; p is the array expansion factor corresponding to the target antenna element; θ is the initial polar angle included in the initial position of the target antenna element in the initial antenna array.

[0109] It should be noted that the above formula (4) gives the analytical expression for the updated position of the antenna elements after the array is expanded with unequal spacing. By expanding the initial antenna arrangement with a spiral distribution and uniform density with unequal spacing, the updated position of each antenna element can be obtained. The updated positions of each antenna element can form an antenna arrangement with a spiral distribution and density cone pins.

[0110] As shown above, the array expansion factor can be expressed analytically as a function of the initial polar radius *r* of the antenna elements in a spirally distributed, uniformly dense initial antenna arrangement. It can be quickly and directly calculated based on the initial polar radius of each antenna element before expansion. In other words, the expansion factor can be calculated using the above analytical expression, and based on this, unequal-spacing expansion operations can be performed on the initial positions of uniformly arranged antenna elements to obtain a density tapered array antenna. Furthermore, this density tapered array exhibits low sidelobe characteristics (SLL better than 30dB) when achieving directional beamforming.

[0111] In the antenna arrangement generation scheme with low sidelobes and helical distribution density cone provided in the embodiments of the present invention, the updated position of each antenna element can be quickly calculated by using the formulas provided in each step, and the helical distribution density cone antenna arrangement can be generated quickly and efficiently. Unlike iterative optimization (such as using genetic algorithms), it does not require the level distribution of traditional amplitude-weighted array synthesis (such as Taylor synthesis) as a reference and local density statistics and design.

[0112] Furthermore, the low sidelobe density conical array generation process described in this embodiment of the invention, which produces an antenna arrangement with helical distribution and density conical pins, can achieve broadband characteristics due to the irregularity of the array arrangement, the gradual change in spacing, and the multi-arm encircling extension, and can have an array factor pattern with an approximate shape over a wider frequency band.

[0113] It should be noted that an array antenna analysis model can be constructed based on the updated positions of each antenna element. This array antenna analysis model is a simulation model. Running this model allows for the evaluation of its operating parameters and determination of whether they meet the operational requirements of the array antenna. In the array antenna analysis model constructed based on the updated positions of each antenna element, the spacing between adjacent antenna elements gradually increases from the center to the edge, which is equivalent to a density tapering from the center to the edge. In other words, the density per unit area is high at the center and gradually decreases at the edge of the array antenna analysis model.

[0114] Furthermore, in the array antenna analysis model constructed based on the updated positions of each antenna element, each antenna element is excited with equal amplitude, meaning that the output power of each antenna element is the same. In other words, the low sidelobe performance in the array antenna analysis model is achieved through a density tapered array arrangement, with each antenna element in the array being excited with equal amplitude.

[0115] In one optional implementation of this embodiment, the operating parameters of the array antenna analysis model are evaluated, and the specific implementation process can be as follows:

[0116] Set the operating frequency and output power, where the output power of each antenna element in the array antenna analysis model is the same;

[0117] Based on the operating frequency and output power, the constructed array antenna analysis model is simulated using simulation tools to obtain the radiation pattern;

[0118] Evaluate the operating parameters of the array antenna analysis model based on the radiation pattern.

[0119] It should be noted that an array antenna analysis model can be established for the obtained helical distribution density cone array, and a specific operating frequency f (corresponding to the operating wavelength λ) can be set. The array elements are excited with equal amplitude, that is, the specific operating frequency and the equal amplitude excitation of the array antenna elements are set. Then, the beam performance of the array antenna can be analyzed and evaluated, especially the radiation pattern of the directional beam of the planar array antenna can be analyzed and calculated to obtain the antenna directivity coefficient and sidelobe level SLL (dB) values.

[0120] In practical implementation, simulation tools can be used to simulate the constructed array antenna analysis model to obtain the radiation pattern. The radiation pattern indicates the radiation characteristics of the current array antenna analysis model, and the pattern can be evaluated and analyzed to determine whether the operating conditions of the array antenna are met. The antenna radiation pattern is a graphical representation of the relative field strength (normalized modulus) of the radiated field at a certain distance from the antenna, showing how it changes with direction. It is a graphical description of the antenna's radiation characteristics and is also known as the antenna pattern or far-field pattern.

[0121] Specifically, the constructed array antenna analysis model assumes that all antenna elements in the array point in the same direction and the radiation pattern is approximated by a cosine function. The operating frequency f is set to 17 GHz, and all antenna elements in the array are required to generate a normal beam using the same excitation. Performance analysis calculations of this array antenna analysis model yield the radiation pattern corresponding to the normal beam at the 17 GHz frequency, as shown below. Figure 2c As shown, Figure 2c This is a schematic diagram of the first radiation pattern provided in an embodiment of the present invention, namely... Figure 2c This is the radiation pattern corresponding to the normal beam at a frequency of 17 GHz. The horizontal axis represents the azimuth angle (degrees), and the vertical axis represents the normalized power level (decibels). Furthermore, by setting the operating frequency f to 22 GHz and performing similar performance analysis calculations, the radiation pattern corresponding to the normal beam at a frequency of 22 GHz can be obtained, as shown below. Figure 2d As shown, Figure 2d This is a schematic diagram of the second radiation pattern provided in an embodiment of the present invention, namely... Figure 2d This is the radiation pattern corresponding to the normal beam at a frequency of 22GHz. The horizontal axis represents the azimuth angle (degrees), and the vertical axis represents the normalized power level (decibels).

[0122] Depend on Figure 2c and Figure 2d It can be seen that the normal beam of the obtained density tapered array antenna has a sidelobe level (SLL) better than 30dB at 17GHz, verifying the effectiveness of the low sidelobe density tapered array generation process. The array antenna exhibits a far-sidelobe bulge in the normal beam pattern at 22GHz, but the sidelobe characteristics near the main lobe are consistent with the performance corresponding to the originally set target frequency, and the overall pattern characteristics do not change significantly. The obtained pattern patterns at these two frequency points indicate that the low sidelobe density tapered array has broadband characteristics. If the frequency dependence of specific antenna element performance is not considered, the all-solid array antenna established by this array arrangement will also have broadband characteristics.

[0123] In this embodiment of the invention, an analytical expression for the position of antenna elements in a helical, density-conical array antenna is given. By introducing an array expansion factor, the arrangement density is controlled. The expansion factor correction coefficient can achieve more precise control of the array arrangement, thereby obtaining the low sidelobe performance of the helical, density-conical array antenna.

[0124] It should be noted that the operating conditions of the array antenna are pre-configured based on requirements. If the evaluation results meet the operating conditions of the array antenna, the updated positions of each antenna element obtained from the current calculation are specified, allowing the construction of an array antenna that meets the requirements. At this point, the target positions of each antenna element can be output and saved. For example, the operating condition of the array antenna is that the normal beam sidelobe level (SLL) is better than 30 dB.

[0125] In practical applications, when the evaluation results do not meet the operating conditions of the array antenna, the Caesar window function parameters and the expansion factor correction coefficient can be adjusted. Then, the updated positions of each antenna element can be recalculated using the above method, and the evaluation can be repeated until an array antenna analysis model that meets the normal beam sidelobe level requirements is obtained, outputting the final target position. Specifically, the Caesar window function parameter that needs to be adjusted is the window characteristic control parameter β.

[0126] In addition to adjusting the window characteristic control parameter β and the expansion factor correction coefficient α, the number of antenna elements N and the polar angle offset τ between adjacent antenna elements can also be adjusted as needed.

[0127] In this embodiment of the invention, the adjusted window characteristic control parameter β, expansion factor correction coefficient α, number of antenna elements N, and polar angle offset τ between adjacent antenna elements can be quickly obtained through several manual adjustments and evaluations. The array antenna analysis model constructed based on the updated position calculated from the above parameters is evaluated. The performance parameters of the array model can be adjusted by simply setting the relevant parameters in the relevant analytical expressions until the normal beam sidelobe level SLL is better than 30dB. The target position of each antenna element can be output and saved, and the array layout diagram can also be drawn as the result of the implementation of this method.

[0128] In actual implementation, the calculated target positions of each antenna element are saved and output. Based on this, and combined with the actual radiating element structure (i.e., the actual antenna element), the final full physical model can be built. Figure 2e This is a schematic diagram of the physical structure of an array antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention, as shown below. Figure 2e As shown, a dot represents an antenna element in the physical model, realizing the generation of a low sidelobe density cone array.

[0129] It should be noted that the constructed array antenna analysis model can be simulated and calculated using the simulation software Matlab, and the results are as follows. Figure 2c and Figure 2d As shown, to further verify the effectiveness, a full physical model can be built using real antenna elements, and full-wave analysis can be performed on it using the electromagnetic simulation software HFSS. The obtained radiation pattern simulation results are shown below. Figure 2f As shown, Figure 2f This is a schematic diagram of a third type of radiation pattern provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0130] exist Figure 2e In this study, a helical antenna operating at 17 GHz was selected as the radiating element for a full physical model. It was found that no structural interference occurred between the radiating elements in the model. Furthermore, full-wave analysis results show that the density tapered array antenna obtained by this method can achieve a sidelobe level of 30 dB at 17 GHz. Figure 2f and Figure 2c The difference lies in the fact that the full-wave analysis considers the discrepancy between the actual unit performance and the ideal model, while the analysis and calculation of the actual antenna model includes the influence of unit coupling. Overall, the full-wave analysis results can demonstrate the low sidelobe design effect of the array antenna. Through the analysis of this full physical entity model, the effectiveness and engineering feasibility of the solution provided in this embodiment of the invention are verified, demonstrating significant application value.

[0131] The method for determining the position of antenna elements in an array antenna provided in this invention first generates an initial antenna arrangement with uniform density, i.e., a uniformly arranged array antenna. Then, the initial antenna arrangement with uniform density is expanded using a set expansion parameter to quickly calculate the updated position of each antenna element in the array antenna. Then, an array antenna analysis model is constructed based on the updated position of each antenna element. The array antenna analysis model has an increasing spacing from the center to the edge, i.e., a density tapering from the center to the edge. The array antenna analysis model is evaluated, and the updated position of each antenna element is recalculated by adjusting the relevant expansion parameters according to the evaluation results until the working conditions of the array antenna are met. The target position of each antenna element is output. Subsequently, antenna elements can be arranged based on the output target positions to generate the array antenna. Thus, by introducing an expansion parameter to expand the initial uniform density antenna arrangement at unequal intervals, the arrangement of the array antennas can be controlled more precisely. Through parameter adjustment, array antenna arrangements that meet the operating conditions, irregularity, and gradual spacing can be generated quickly. This results in a density cone arrangement that satisfies low sidelobe characteristics and the corresponding array antenna model. The low sidelobe density cone array generated quickly and efficiently has the characteristics of low sidelobe and wide bandwidth operation. At the same time, its high efficiency and ease of operation facilitate the engineering implementation of array antennas, which has significant application value and can be used in antenna engineering for communication and radar systems.

[0132] It should be noted that when the initial antenna array is expanded, the element number remains unchanged. This element number is the same as m in formula (1) used to generate the initial antenna array with uniform density, and the element number is a positive integer. The density tapered array antenna can be constructed based on the updated positions of each antenna element after the expansion operation.

[0133] Step 104: Determine the rotation direction of the target subarray based on the main polarization direction of the array antenna, and determine the rotation angle of the target subarray based on the number of subarrays. Use the rotation direction and rotation angle as the rotation parameters of the target subarray, where the target subarray is any subarray.

[0134] It should be noted that the antenna array is the aforementioned density cone antenna array generated based on the expansion operation. The rotation direction of the target subarray can be determined according to the main polarization direction of the array antenna, and the rotation angle of the target subarray can be determined according to the number of subarrays. The rotation direction and rotation angle are used as the rotation parameters of the target subarray.

[0135] Antenna polarization refers to a parameter describing the spatial direction of the electromagnetic wave radiated by an antenna. Since the electric and magnetic fields have a constant relationship, the spatial direction of the electric field vector is generally used as the polarization direction of the radiated electromagnetic wave. Antenna polarization is classified into linear polarization, circular polarization, and elliptical polarization. Linear polarization is further divided into horizontal and vertical polarization, and circular polarization into left-hand circular polarization and right-hand circular polarization. This embodiment of the invention uses a circularly polarized array antenna as an example for illustration.

[0136] In practical applications, since the array antenna is a circularly polarized antenna, with polarization directions divided into left-hand circular polarization and right-hand circular polarization, it is necessary to determine the rotation direction of the target subarray based on the main polarization direction of the array antenna. Furthermore, the rotation angle is related to the number of subarrays, so the rotation angle of the target subarray can be determined based on the number of subarrays, thereby obtaining the rotation parameters.

[0137] In one optional implementation of this embodiment, the rotation direction of the target subarray is determined based on the main polarization direction of the array antenna, and the rotation angle of the target subarray is determined based on the number of subarrays. The specific implementation process can be as follows:

[0138] Based on the main polarization direction of the array antenna, determine the rotation direction of the first antenna element in the target subarray, and determine the rotation angle of the first antenna element in the target subarray based on the number of subarrays.

[0139] The rotation direction of the first antenna element in the target subarray is taken as the rotation direction of the remaining antenna elements in the target subarray, and the rotation angle of the first antenna element in the target subarray is taken as the rotation angle of the remaining antenna elements in the target subarray.

[0140] In practical applications, the structural orientation of the first antenna element (corresponding to the first term of an arithmetic sequence) of each subarray can be determined. Specifically, relative to antenna element 1, the structural orientation of the first antenna element in each subarray needs to be rotated, with the difference in rotation angles being [value missing]. The rotation direction is determined by the main polarization direction of the array antenna. The specific rotation angle values ​​of the first antenna element in each subarray are arranged sequentially according to the change of the element's polar angle, forming a sequence relationship.

[0141] Then, the remaining antenna elements in each subarray are rotated in terms of their structural orientation. The rotation angle is the same as that of the first antenna element in each subarray. In other words, all antenna elements in the subarray are in a translational relationship, with only the coordinate position being different, and the structural orientation of the elements is the same.

[0142] It should be noted that, in the process of achieving low cross-polarization of the circularly polarized density conical array provided in the embodiments of the present invention, the basis for determining the rotation angle of the antenna unit structure when the in-situ structure orientation of the radiating unit (i.e., the antenna unit) is rotated to achieve cross-polarization suppression is given, taking into account the characteristics of the spirally distributed density conical array. By dividing the subarray, the structure orientation of different antenna units is rotated to obtain radiation performance with better polarization purity.

[0143] In one optional implementation of this embodiment, the rotation angle of the target subarray is determined based on the number of subarrays. The specific implementation process can be as follows:

[0144] The difference in rotation angle between different subarrays is determined based on the number of subarrays.

[0145] Determine the reference rotation angle of the previous subarray of the target subarray;

[0146] The rotation angle of the target subarray is determined based on the reference rotation angle and the difference between the rotation angles.

[0147] In practical applications, the difference in structural orientation rotation angle between antenna elements in different subarrays of a circularly polarized density conical array is a key factor. Number of subarrays N subarray The decision can be specifically calculated using the following formula (5):

[0148]

[0149] in, N represents the difference in rotation angle between different subarrays. subarray N is the number of subarrays, which is equal to the tolerance value. subarray =d.

[0150] It should be noted that the first antenna element of each subarray in the antenna array forms a characteristic array. This characteristic array is arranged around the origin of the array surface, and the polar angles corresponding to their coordinate positions are different in polar coordinates. Taking element 1 as the starting element of the characteristic array, as the polar angle increases, the structural orientation of the elements in the characteristic array relative to the previous element (sorted by polar angle value) rotates. and This is a sequential relationship. That is, the antenna elements in any subarray rotate relative to the antenna elements in the previous subarray. The antenna elements within the divided subarrays are oriented in the same direction, and the first antenna element of each subarray can characterize the orientation of the entire subarray's element structure.

[0151] Meanwhile, the left / right rotation relationship of this feature array element depends on the main polarization direction of the antenna array.

[0152] In this embodiment of the invention, considering the characteristics of a spirally distributed, density-conical array, the basis for determining the rotation angle of the antenna element structure orientation when the in-situ structural orientation of the radiating element (i.e., antenna element) is rotated to achieve cross-polarization suppression is given. By dividing the subarray, the structural orientation of different antenna elements is rotated to obtain radiation performance with better polarization purity.

[0153] In one optional embodiment of this example, before determining the rotation direction of the target subarray based on the main polarization direction of the array antenna, the following may be included:

[0154] Based on the main polarization direction of the array antenna, determine whether to perform a mirroring operation on the subarray.

[0155] Specifically, the main polarization direction of the array antenna can be either left-hand circular polarization or right-hand circular polarization. Furthermore, this mirroring operation can perform one of the following operations on the Cartesian coordinate values ​​(x, y) of the antenna element's position: x = -x, y = -y, x = y, or x = -y, while keeping the element number unchanged. Here, the coordinate values ​​(x, y) of the antenna element are two-dimensional planar coordinates obtained through coordinate transformation based on the antenna element's polar coordinates (r, θ).

[0156] It should be noted that the realization of low cross-polarization of the circular polarization density conical pin array requires determining whether to perform array mirroring operation based on the main polarization direction of the array antenna. In other words, based on the main polarization direction of the array antenna, it can be determined whether to perform mirroring operation on the subarray, thereby obtaining better polarization purity and making the winding relationship of the subarray from the inside to the outside meet the requirements for low cross-polarization.

[0157] In one optional implementation of this embodiment, the decision to perform a mirroring operation on the subarray is made based on the main polarization direction of the array antenna. The specific implementation process can be as follows:

[0158] Determine the subarray arrangement corresponding to the number of subarrays;

[0159] When the subarray arrangement does not meet the optimization conditions of the main polarization direction, mirroring operation is performed on each antenna element in the subarray.

[0160] If the subarray arrangement satisfies the optimization conditions of the main polarization direction, no mirroring operation is performed on each antenna element in the subarray.

[0161] It should be noted that if the main polarization direction of the antenna array is left-hand circular polarization, then the arrangement of each subarray from the inside out should conform to right-hand winding. If this conforms, no mirroring operation is needed; simply rotate the antenna elements within the subarray. If not, a mirroring operation is required before rotating the antenna elements within the subarray. Conversely, if the main polarization direction of the antenna array is right-hand circular polarization, then the arrangement of each subarray from the inside out should conform to left-hand winding. If this conforms, no mirroring operation is needed; simply rotate the antenna elements within the subarray. If not, a mirroring operation is required before rotating the antenna elements within the subarray.

[0162] In practical applications, different numbers of subarrays correspond to different subarray arrangements. For example, when the number of subarrays is 3, the arrangement from the inside out conforms to left-handed winding, while when the number of subarrays is 5, the arrangement from the inside out conforms to right-handed winding. Therefore, we can first determine the subarray arrangement corresponding to the number of subarrays. If the subarray arrangement does not meet the optimization conditions of the main polarization direction, we can perform mirroring operations on each antenna element in the subarray. If the subarray arrangement meets the optimization conditions of the main polarization direction, we can not perform mirroring operations on each antenna element in the subarray.

[0163] In this embodiment of the invention, the low cross-polarization of the circular polarization density conical array requires determining the left / right rotation relationship of the structural orientation rotation of adjacent subarray elements based on the main polarization direction of the antenna array. All individual structural elements within the same subarray have the same orientation. The first element of each subarray can form a feature array, which is arranged around the coordinate circle of the array surface, and the polar angles corresponding to its coordinate positions in polar coordinates are all different.

[0164] Taking antenna element 1 as the starting element of the characteristic array, as the polar angle increases, the structural orientation of the elements in the characteristic array relative to the previous element (sorted by polar angle value) rotates. Following a left-hand rotation relationship yields better polarization purity for right-hand circular polarization radiation of the antenna array, while a right-hand rotation relationship yields better polarization purity for left-hand circular polarization radiation. These two rotation methods result in different unit structure arrangements, such as... Figure 3As shown, two different arrangements resulting from right-handed / left-handed rotation of the first element of the subarray are presented when d=3 and d=5, respectively. Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the orientation and rotation of a unit structure provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0165] After determining the structural orientation of the first element of each subarray, the structural orientation of the other elements in the same subarray is the same as that of the first element. That is, the other elements in the same subarray can be regarded as the first element being translated. Taking d=3 as an example, the subarray is divided into subarray 1 (composed of elements 1, 4, 7, ... etc.), subarray 2 (composed of elements 2, 5, 8, ... etc.), and subarray 3 (composed of elements 3, 6, 9, ... etc.). The difference in the rotation angle of the structural orientation of the elements between the subarrays is 120°. If the structural orientation of the elements in subarrays 1, 2, and 3 is rotated with the element position as the rotation center according to the left-hand rotation relationship, the antenna array can achieve better polarization purity when radiating with right-hand circular polarization. If the rotation center is the unit position as the rotation center according to the right-hand rotation relationship, the antenna array can achieve better polarization purity when radiating with left-hand circular polarization.

[0166] Similarly, setting d=5, the array is divided into subarray 1 (composed of elements 1, 6, 11, ...), subarray 2 (composed of elements 2, 7, 12, ...), subarray 3 (composed of elements 3, 8, 13, ...), subarray 4 (composed of elements 4, 9, 14, ...), and subarray 5 (composed of elements 5, 10, 15, ...). The difference in the structural orientation rotation angle between the elements in the subarrays is 72°. If the structural orientation rotation of the elements in subarrays 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 follows a left-handed rotation relationship with the unit position as the center of rotation, the antenna array will have better polarization purity when radiating with right-hand circular polarization. Conversely, if the rotation is followed by a right-handed rotation relationship with the unit position as the center of rotation, the antenna array will have better polarization purity when radiating with left-hand circular polarization. The same principle applies to other values.

[0167] As an example, a 324-element density conical array operating in a certain K-band (17GHz) with left-hand circularly polarized radiation, arranged in a spiral pattern, achieves low polarization performance. Thus, the number of elements N = 324 and the spacing τ = 11.25mm can be set. An initial antenna arrangement with uniform density is generated through calculation using the above formula (1), as described above. Figure 2a As shown. Then, a specific unequal-spacing expansion operation was performed on the initial uniform density antenna arrangement to obtain a density conical array arrangement, which was also spirally distributed, as described above. Figure 2b As shown.

[0168] In response to the above Figure 2bThe density tapered array arrangement shown below uses different values ​​of the Fibonacci sequence as the common difference d of the arithmetic sequence to illustrate the scheme provided in this embodiment of the invention. Subarrays are divided, and low cross-polarization performance is achieved by rotating the corresponding unit structure orientation. It is assumed that the main polarization direction of the density tapered array is left-handed circular polarization.

[0169] Example 1: Set the tolerance d = 3 for submatrix partitioning, from... Figure 2b As can be seen, subarray 1 consists of antenna elements 1, 4, 7, ..., subarray 2 consists of antenna elements 2, 5, 8, ..., and subarray 3 consists of antenna elements 3, 6, 9, ... . The arrangement of subarrays 1, 2, and 3 from the inside out conforms to a left-handed winding pattern, resulting in better polarization purity when achieving right-handed circular polarization radiation of the antenna array. To achieve left-handed circular polarization radiation, an array mirroring operation is required. A mirroring operation with the y-axis as the mirror plane yields a new array arrangement, see... Figure 4a , Figure 4a This is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of a mirrored density cone array according to an embodiment of the present invention. Each "*" symbol represents the location of an antenna element, and the numbers on the "*" symbols are the sequential numbers assigned to each antenna element according to its calculated position. The subarrays are arranged from the inside out in a right-hand winding pattern, achieving low cross-polarization performance through cross-polarization cancellation, resulting in better polarization purity when achieving left-hand circular polarization radiation of the antenna array. All elements within a subarray have the same structural orientation, while the structural orientation of elements between adjacent subarrays rotates, determined by the relationship between the first elements of each subarray. In this case, to achieve better left-hand circular polarization performance, element 1 is rotated 120° to the right, element 2 is obtained by rotating element 1 120° to the right, and element 3 is obtained by rotating element 2 120° to the right. The entire array arrangement is shown below. Figure 4b As shown, Figure 4b This is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of a low cross-polarization density tapered pin array corresponding to d=3 according to an embodiment of the present invention. The center of the dot indicates the position of each unit, and the arrow indicates the structural orientation of each unit. The number on the dot is the unit number. In this way, the density tapered pin array arrangement corresponding to the tolerance d=3 can be obtained, which can achieve low cross-polarization performance.

[0170] Example 2: Set the tolerance d = 5 for submatrix partitioning, from... Figure 2bAs can be seen, subarray 1 consists of antenna elements 1, 6, 11, ..., subarray 2 consists of antenna elements 2, 7, 12, ..., subarray 3 consists of antenna elements 3, 8, 13, ..., subarray 4 consists of antenna elements 4, 9, 14, ..., and subarray 5 consists of antenna elements 5, 10, 15, ..., etc. The arrangement of subarrays 1-5 from the inside out follows a right-hand winding pattern, resulting in better polarization purity when achieving left-hand circular polarization radiation of the antenna array, eliminating the need for mirroring operations to achieve better polarization purity. All antenna elements within a subarray have the same structural orientation, while the structural orientation rotation of antenna elements between adjacent subarrays is determined by the relationship between the first element of each subarray. To achieve better left-hand circular polarization performance, element 1 is rotated 72° to the right; element 2 is obtained by rotating element 1 72° to the right; element 3 is obtained by rotating element 2 72° to the right; element 4 is obtained by rotating element 3 72° to the right; and element 5 is obtained by rotating element 4 72° to the right. See the complete array layout. Figure 4c As shown, Figure 4c This is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of a low cross-polarization density tapered pin array corresponding to d=5 according to an embodiment of the present invention. The center of the dot indicates the position of each unit, and the arrow indicates the structural orientation of each unit. The number on the dot is the unit number. In this way, the density tapered pin array arrangement corresponding to the tolerance d=5 can be obtained, which can achieve low cross-polarization performance.

[0171] Example 3: Set the tolerance d = 8 for submatrix partitioning, from... Figure 2bAs can be seen, subarray 1 consists of antenna elements 1, 9, 17, ..., subarray 2 consists of antenna elements 2, 10, 18, ..., subarray 3 consists of antenna elements 3, 11, 19, ..., subarray 4 consists of antenna elements 4, 12, 20, ..., subarray 5 consists of antenna elements 5, 13, 21, ..., subarray 6 consists of antenna elements 6, 14, 22, ..., subarray 7 consists of antenna elements 7, 15, 23, ..., subarray 8 consists of antenna elements 8, 16, 24, ..., subarray 8. The arrangement of subarrays 1-8 from the inside out conforms to left-handed winding, resulting in better polarization purity when achieving right-handed circular polarization radiation of the antenna array. To achieve left-handed circular polarization radiation of the antenna array, an array mirroring operation is required. All elements within a subarray have the same structural orientation, while the rotation of the structural orientation of elements between adjacent subarrays is determined by the relationship between the first elements of each subarray. To achieve better left-hand circular polarization performance, element 1 is rotated 45° to the right. Element 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 are obtained by rotating element 1 to the right by 45°. The entire array arrangement is shown in [reference needed]. Figure 4d As shown, Figure 4d This is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of a low cross-polarization density tapered pin array corresponding to d=8 according to an embodiment of the present invention. The center of the dot indicates the position of each unit, and the arrow indicates the structural orientation of each unit. The number on the dot is the unit number. In this way, the density tapered pin array arrangement corresponding to the tolerance d=8 can be obtained, which can achieve low cross-polarization performance.

[0172] Example 4: The low cross-polarization density tapered pin array arrangement corresponding to tolerance d=13 was obtained in the same way, such as... Figure 4e As shown, Figure 4e This is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of a low cross-polarization density tapered pin array corresponding to d=13 according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 4e The center of the dot still indicates the position of each unit, while the arrow indicates the structural orientation of each unit, and the number on the dot is the unit number.

[0173] It should be noted that the above examples are all based on the premise of achieving left-hand circular polarization radiation as the main polarization direction of the antenna array, and are examples of low cross-polarization array arrangement. If the goal is to achieve right-hand circular polarization radiation, then the left / right-hand winding relationship and the structural orientation of the unit must be reversed. The resulting array arrangement must be such that the subarrays are arranged from the inside out in accordance with left-hand winding, and the structural orientation of the first unit of the subarray is obtained by left-hand rotation followed by translation.

[0174] This invention provides a scheme for achieving low cross-polarization in a circularly polarized density tapered pin array. It proposes a subarray division method based on the arithmetic sequence unit number in a spirally distributed density tapered pin array. By setting the same unit structure orientation in the subarray, and having a difference in rotation angle between different subarrays, low cross-polarization performance in the array antenna pattern is obtained.

[0175] Step 106: Output and save the rotation parameters of each antenna element in the array antenna, and design the array antenna based on the rotation parameters of each antenna element.

[0176] It should be noted that the array element positions and the corresponding structural orientation rotation angle data of each element obtained from the above steps, i.e., the rotation parameters, can be saved and output to draw an array layout diagram as the result of this method.

[0177] In practical applications, the data on the positions and orientations of the array elements corresponding to low cross-polarization achieved by the density tapered pin array arrangement are saved and output. Based on this, a final full physical model and the final array antenna can be established in conjunction with the actual radiating element structure. In other words, the array antenna can be designed based on the rotation parameters of each antenna element, such as designing the position and orientation of each antenna element in the array antenna based on the rotation parameters, and building the array antenna or its physical model.

[0178] Specifically, after obtaining the low cross-density tapered pin array arrangement as calculated above, selecting the corresponding frequency band and polarization radiating elements (i.e., antenna elements) for the corresponding array arrangement allows for the establishment of an array antenna analysis model. The elements in the array point in the same direction to form a planar array, while the orientation of the element structures differs. Here, we select low cross-polarization density tapered pin array arrangements with tolerances d=5 and d=8 respectively to establish array antenna analysis models. The corresponding full physical entity models are as follows: Figure 5a and Figure 5b , Figure 5a This is a schematic diagram of the physical structure of a density tapered pin array antenna corresponding to d=5 according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 5b This is a schematic diagram of the physical structure of a density tapered array antenna with d=8 according to an embodiment of the present invention, wherein a dot represents an antenna element in the physical model. Performance analysis calculations were performed on the array antenna analysis model to obtain the radiation pattern corresponding to the normal beam at a frequency of 17GHz, as shown below. Figure 6a and Figure 6b , Figure 6a This is a schematic diagram of a radiation pattern corresponding to d=5 according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 6bThis is a schematic diagram of a radiation pattern corresponding to d=8 provided in an embodiment of the present invention, which verifies the low cross-polarization performance of the density cone array.

[0179] In this embodiment of the invention, the commercial electromagnetic simulation software HFSS can be used to simulate and calculate the method to verify its effectiveness. Specifically, a left-hand circularly polarized helical antenna operating at 17 GHz is selected as the actual radiating element for array arrangement, and a full physical model is established. HFSS is then used for full-wave analysis to obtain the radiation pattern of the corresponding array. To simplify the explanation, only typical arrays implemented by this method are verified, such as the results of low cross-polarization, helical density tapered arrays corresponding to d=5 and d=8 (i.e., Figure 4c , Figure 4d The antenna was verified using the array arrangement, and antenna analysis models were established accordingly, as shown in the figure. Figure 5a and Figure 5b .

[0180] like Figure 5a and Figure 5b As shown, this left-hand circularly polarized density conical array, with 324 elements arranged in a spiral distribution within a circular area of ​​approximately 0.32 meters in diameter, creates a density conical array antenna. The elements are relatively densely arranged in the central region, while the spacing between elements increases towards the periphery, resulting in a lower density. The minimum spacing in the array is 10.2 mm (approximately 0.58λ@17GHz), without structural interference between radiating elements, thus meeting the requirements for radiating element structure realization. The maximum adjacent spacing in the array is 20.1 mm. Furthermore, based on the requirements of left-hand circularly polarized radiation, the element structures in the array are rotated and arranged according to this method. The radiation pattern of the normal beam was obtained through full-wave analysis, as shown in the figures below. Figure 6a and Figure 6b This demonstrates that the proposed method yields two helical density tapered arrays, whose normal beam exhibits low sidelobe levels at 17 GHz and excellent low cross-polarization performance, validating the effectiveness of the proposed method for achieving low cross-polarization in circularly polarized density tapered arrays. Analysis of the two full-physical models obtained using this method further validates its effectiveness and engineering feasibility, demonstrating significant application value.

[0181] The array antenna design method provided in this invention first divides the antenna array into multiple subarrays based on the selected number of subarrays. Then, based on the main polarization direction of the array antenna, the rotation direction of the target subarray is determined, and the rotation angle of the target subarray is determined based on the number of subarrays. Different antenna element structures are rotated by subarray division. The subarrays, divided using an arithmetic sequence, can be distributed relatively evenly across the entire array surface. This allows the low cross-polarization implementation method of the array antenna to achieve cross-polarization cancellation over a larger angular range, thereby obtaining radiation performance with better polarization purity. Furthermore, achieving low cross-polarization in a circular polarization density conical array allows for the compatible implementation of low sidelobe characteristics and low cross-polarization characteristics within a single array antenna when the array generates a normal beam under equal-radius and in-phase excitation. This high efficiency, versatility, and ease of operation facilitate the engineering implementation of the array antenna, possessing significant practical application value and applicable to antenna engineering applications in communication and radar systems.

[0182] Figure 7 This diagram illustrates a process flow chart for achieving low cross-polarization of a circular polarization density tapered pin array according to an embodiment of the present invention, specifically including the following steps:

[0183] Step 702: Set the number of elements N in the array and the linear spacing τ between the elements, and calculate the initial antenna arrangement with uniform density using the Fermat spiral equation, wherein the initial antenna arrangement is spirally distributed.

[0184] Step 704: For the initial antenna arrangement with uniform density, expand it at unequal intervals according to the expansion factor to obtain a density cone array, in which the element number remains unchanged.

[0185] Step 706: Select the target value from the Fibonacci sequence as the common difference value of the arithmetic sequence, and divide the subarray according to the multiple arithmetic sequences with different first terms. The target value can be as small as 3.

[0186] Step 708: Determine whether to perform a mirroring operation based on the main polarization direction of the density cone array, so that the winding relationship of the subarray from the inside to the outside meets the requirements for low cross-polarization. The cell number remains unchanged during the mirroring operation.

[0187] Step 710: The orientation relationship of the first unit structure in each subarray depends on the main polarization direction of the density cone array, and the difference in the orientation angle between them is 360° divided by the number of subarrays.

[0188] Step 712: Copy and translate the first unit of each subarray to the position of the remaining units in the subarray to determine the orientation of the structure of all units in the subarray. That is, the orientation of the structure of the units in each subarray is consistent. The first unit of each subarray can represent the orientation of the structure of the entire subarray.

[0189] Step 714: Save and output the cell position and cell structure orientation rotation angle data in the array model obtained through the above steps as the result of this method implementation, and design the array antenna based on the cell position and cell structure orientation rotation angle data.

[0190] The array antenna design method provided in this invention first divides the antenna array into multiple subarrays based on the selected number of subarrays. Then, based on the main polarization direction of the array antenna, the rotation direction of the target subarray is determined, and the rotation angle of the target subarray is determined based on the number of subarrays. Different antenna element structures are rotated by subarray division. The subarrays, divided using an arithmetic sequence, can be distributed relatively evenly across the entire array surface. This allows the low cross-polarization implementation method of the array antenna to achieve cross-polarization cancellation over a larger angular range, thereby obtaining radiation performance with better polarization purity. Furthermore, achieving low cross-polarization in a circular polarization density conical array allows for the compatible implementation of low sidelobe characteristics and low cross-polarization characteristics within a single array antenna when the array generates a normal beam under equal-radius and in-phase excitation. This high efficiency, versatility, and ease of operation facilitate the engineering implementation of the array antenna, possessing significant practical application value and applicable to antenna engineering applications in communication and radar systems.

[0191] Corresponding to the above method embodiments, the present invention also provides embodiments of an array antenna design apparatus. Figure 8 A schematic diagram of a design device for an array antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown. Figure 8 As shown, the device includes:

[0192] Grouping module 802 is configured to determine the number of subarrays of the divided array antenna, and to group each antenna element according to the number of each antenna element in the array antenna and the number of subarrays to obtain the number of subarray groups. The array antenna is a density cone array obtained by expanding an initial uniform density antenna arrangement with unequal spacing. The number of antenna elements in a subarray is an arithmetic sequence.

[0193] The determination module 804 is configured to determine the rotation direction of the target subarray based on the main polarization direction of the array antenna, and to determine the rotation angle of the target subarray based on the number of subarrays, using the rotation direction and rotation angle as rotation parameters of the target subarray, wherein the target subarray is any subarray.

[0194] Design module 806 is configured to output and save the rotation parameters of each antenna element in the array antenna, and design the array antenna based on the rotation parameters of each antenna element.

[0195] Optionally, module 804 is further configured as follows:

[0196] Based on the main polarization direction of the array antenna, determine the rotation direction of the first antenna element in the target subarray, and determine the rotation angle of the first antenna element in the target subarray based on the number of subarrays.

[0197] The rotation direction of the first antenna element in the target subarray is taken as the rotation direction of the remaining antenna elements in the target subarray, and the rotation angle of the first antenna element in the target subarray is taken as the rotation angle of the remaining antenna elements in the target subarray.

[0198] Optionally, module 804 is further configured as follows:

[0199] The difference in rotation angle between different subarrays is determined based on the number of subarrays.

[0200] Determine the reference rotation angle of the previous subarray of the target subarray;

[0201] The rotation angle of the target subarray is determined based on the reference rotation angle and the difference between the rotation angles.

[0202] Optionally, the device also includes a mirroring module configured to:

[0203] Based on the main polarization direction of the array antenna, determine whether to perform a mirroring operation on the subarray.

[0204] Optionally, the mirroring module is further configured as follows:

[0205] Determine the subarray arrangement corresponding to the number of subarrays;

[0206] When the subarray arrangement does not meet the optimization conditions of the main polarization direction, mirroring operation is performed on each antenna element in the subarray.

[0207] If the subarray arrangement satisfies the optimization conditions of the main polarization direction, no mirroring operation is performed on each antenna element in the subarray.

[0208] Optionally, the grouping module 802 is further configured as follows:

[0209] Select the target value from the Fibonacci sequence;

[0210] The selected target value is used as the number of subarrays.

[0211] Optionally, the device also includes a building module configured to:

[0212] Based on the set number of antenna elements and the polar angle offset between adjacent antenna elements, the initial position of each antenna element is calculated using the Fermat spiral to obtain an initial antenna arrangement with uniform density.

[0213] The spacing of the initial antenna arrangement with uniform density is expanded according to the set expansion parameters to obtain the updated position of each antenna element.

[0214] An array antenna analysis model is constructed based on the updated position, and the operating parameters of the array antenna analysis model are evaluated. The spacing of the array antenna analysis model increases from the center to the edge.

[0215] Based on the evaluation results, the expansion parameters are adjusted, and the spacing of the initial antenna arrangement with uniform density is expanded again to obtain the updated position of each antenna element until the evaluation results meet the operating conditions of the array antenna, and the target position of each antenna element is output.

[0216] The array antenna design apparatus provided in this invention can first divide the antenna array into multiple subarrays based on the selected number of subarrays. Then, based on the main polarization direction of the array antenna, the rotation direction of the target subarray is determined, and the rotation angle of the target subarray is determined based on the number of subarrays. Different antenna element structures are rotated by subarray division. The subarrays, divided in an arithmetic sequence, can be distributed relatively evenly across the entire array surface. This allows the low cross-polarization implementation method of the array antenna to achieve cross-polarization cancellation over a larger angular range, thereby obtaining radiation performance with better polarization purity. Furthermore, low cross-polarization is achieved in a circular polarization density conical array, enabling the array to achieve both low sidelobe characteristics and low cross-polarization characteristics in a single array antenna when generating a normal beam under equal-radius and in-phase excitation. This provides high efficiency, versatility, and ease of operation, facilitating the engineering implementation of the array antenna and possessing significant practical application value. It can be used in antenna engineering applications for communication and radar systems.

[0217] The above is a schematic scheme of an array antenna design apparatus according to this embodiment. It should be noted that the technical solution of this array antenna design apparatus and the technical solution of the array antenna design method described above belong to the same concept. For details not described in detail in the technical solution of the array antenna design apparatus, please refer to the description of the technical solution of the array antenna design method described above.

[0218] Figure 9 A structural block diagram of a computing device 900 according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown. The components of the computing device 900 include, but are not limited to, a memory 910 and a processor 920. The processor 920 is connected to the memory 910 via a bus 930, and a database 950 is used to store data.

[0219] The computing device 900 also includes an access device 940, which enables the computing device 900 to communicate via one or more networks 960. Examples of these networks include Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN), Local Area Network (LAN), Wide Area Network (WAN), Personal Area Network (PAN), or combinations of communication networks such as the Internet. The access device 940 may include one or more of any type of wired or wireless network interface (e.g., a Network Interface Controller (NIC)), such as an IEEE 802.11 Wireless Local Area Networks (WLAN) interface, a Wi-MAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access) interface, an Ethernet interface, a Universal Serial Bus (USB) interface, a cellular network interface, a Bluetooth interface, a Near Field Communication (NFC) interface, and so on.

[0220] In one embodiment of the present invention, the above-described components of the computing device 900 and Figure 9 Other components, not shown, can also be connected to each other, for example, via a bus. It should be understood that... Figure 9 The illustrated block diagram of the computing device is for illustrative purposes only and is not intended to limit the scope of the invention. Those skilled in the art can add or replace other components as needed.

[0221] The computing device 900 can be any type of stationary or mobile computing device, including mobile computers or mobile computing devices (e.g., tablet computers, personal digital assistants, laptop computers, notebook computers, netbooks, etc.), mobile phones (e.g., smartphones), wearable computing devices (e.g., smartwatches, smart glasses, etc.) or other types of mobile devices, or stationary computing devices such as desktop computers or PCs. The computing device 900 can also be a mobile or stationary server.

[0222] The processor 920 is used to execute the following computer-executable instructions to implement the steps of the above-described array antenna design method.

[0223] The above is a schematic representation of a computing device according to this embodiment. It should be noted that the technical solution of this computing device and the technical solution of the array antenna design method described above belong to the same concept. Details not described in detail in the technical solution of the computing device can be found in the description of the technical solution of the array antenna design method described above.

[0224] An embodiment of the present invention also provides a computer-readable storage medium storing computer instructions that, when executed by a processor, are used to implement the steps of the above-described array antenna design method.

[0225] The above is an illustrative scheme of a computer-readable storage medium according to this embodiment. It should be noted that the technical solution of this storage medium and the technical solution of the array antenna design method described above belong to the same concept. Details not described in detail in the technical solution of the storage medium can be found in the description of the technical solution of the array antenna design method described above.

[0226] The foregoing has described specific embodiments of the invention. Other embodiments are within the scope of the appended claims. In some cases, the actions or steps described in the claims may be performed in a different order than that shown in the embodiments and may still achieve the desired results. Furthermore, the processes depicted in the drawings do not necessarily require the specific or sequential order shown to achieve the desired results. In some embodiments, multitasking and parallel processing are also possible or may be advantageous.

[0227] Computer instructions include computer program code, which can be in the form of source code, object code, executable files, or certain intermediate forms. Computer-readable media can include: any entity or device capable of carrying computer program code, recording media, USB flash drives, portable hard drives, magnetic disks, optical disks, computer memory, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), electrical carrier signals, telecommunication signals, and software distribution media, etc.

[0228] It should be noted that, for the sake of simplicity, the foregoing method embodiments are all described as a series of actions. However, those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the described order of actions, because according to the present invention, some steps can be performed in other orders or simultaneously. Furthermore, those skilled in the art should also understand that the embodiments described in the specification are preferred embodiments, and the actions and modules involved are not necessarily essential to the present invention.

[0229] In the above embodiments, the descriptions of each embodiment have different focuses. For parts not described in detail in a certain embodiment, please refer to the relevant descriptions of other embodiments.

[0230] The preferred embodiments of the present invention disclosed above are merely illustrative of the invention. The optional embodiments do not exhaustively describe all details, nor do they limit the invention to the specific implementations described. Clearly, many modifications and variations can be made based on the content of the present invention. These embodiments have been selected and specifically described to better explain the principles and practical applications of the invention, thereby enabling those skilled in the art to better understand and utilize the invention. The invention is limited only by the claims and their full scope and equivalents.

Claims

1. A design method for an array antenna, characterized in that, The method includes: The number of subarrays of the array antenna is determined, and the antenna elements are grouped according to the number of each antenna element in the array antenna and the number of subarrays to obtain the number of subarray groups. The array antenna is a density cone array obtained by expanding an initial uniform density antenna arrangement with unequal spacing. The number of antenna elements in a subarray is an arithmetic sequence. Based on the main polarization direction of the array antenna, the rotation direction of the first antenna element in the target subarray is determined; and based on the number of subarrays, the rotation angle difference between different subarrays is determined, and the reference rotation angle of the previous subarray of the target subarray is determined. Based on the reference rotation angle and the rotation angle difference, the rotation angle of the first antenna element in the target subarray is determined; the rotation direction of the first antenna element in the target subarray is used as the rotation direction of the remaining antenna elements in the target subarray, and the rotation angle of the first antenna element in the target subarray is used as the rotation angle of the remaining antenna elements in the target subarray. The rotation direction and rotation angle are used as the rotation parameters of the target subarray, wherein the target subarray is any subarray. Output and save the rotation parameters of each antenna element in the array antenna, and design the array antenna based on the rotation parameters of each antenna element.

2. The design method for the array antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, Before determining the rotation direction of the target subarray based on the main polarization direction of the array antenna, the method further includes: Based on the main polarization direction of the array antenna, determine whether to perform a mirroring operation on the subarray.

3. The design method for the array antenna according to claim 2, characterized in that, The step of determining whether to perform a mirroring operation on the subarray based on the main polarization direction of the array antenna includes: Determine the subarray arrangement corresponding to the number of subarrays; If the subarray arrangement does not meet the optimization conditions of the main polarization direction, a mirroring operation is performed on each antenna element in the subarray. If the subarray arrangement satisfies the optimization conditions of the main polarization direction, no mirroring operation is performed on each antenna element in the subarray.

4. The design method of the array antenna according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, Determining the number of subarrays for dividing the antenna array includes: Select the target value from the Fibonacci sequence; The selected target value is used as the number of subarrays.

5. The design method of the array antenna according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, Before determining the number of subarrays for dividing the antenna array, the process also includes: Based on the set number of antenna elements and the polar angle offset between adjacent antenna elements, the initial position of each antenna element is calculated using the Fermat spiral to obtain an initial antenna arrangement with uniform density. The spacing of the initial antenna arrangement with uniform density is expanded according to the set expansion parameters to obtain the updated position of each antenna element. An array antenna analysis model is constructed based on the updated position, and the operating parameters of the array antenna analysis model are evaluated, wherein the spacing of the array antenna analysis model increases from the center to the edge; Based on the evaluation results, the expansion parameters are adjusted, and the initial antenna arrangement with uniform density is re-expanded to obtain the updated position of each antenna element until the evaluation results meet the operating conditions of the array antenna, and the target position of each antenna element is output.

6. A design device for an array antenna, characterized in that, The device includes: The grouping module is configured to determine the number of subarrays of the divided array antenna, and to group the antenna elements according to the number of each antenna element in the array antenna and the number of subarrays to obtain the number of subarray groups. The array antenna is a density cone array obtained by expanding an initial uniform density antenna arrangement with unequal spacing. The number of antenna elements in a subarray is an arithmetic sequence. The determining module is configured to: determine the rotation direction of the first antenna element in the target subarray based on the main polarization direction of the array antenna; determine the rotation angle difference between different subarrays based on the number of subarrays; determine the reference rotation angle of the previous subarray of the target subarray; determine the rotation angle of the first antenna element in the target subarray based on the reference rotation angle and the rotation angle difference; use the rotation direction of the first antenna element in the target subarray as the rotation direction of the remaining antenna elements in the target subarray; use the rotation direction and rotation angle as the rotation parameters of the target subarray; wherein the target subarray is any subarray. The design module is configured to output and save the rotation parameters of each antenna element in the array antenna, and to design the array antenna based on the rotation parameters of each antenna element.

7. A computing device, characterized in that, include: Memory and processor; The memory is used to store computer-executable instructions, and the processor is used to execute the computer-executable instructions to implement the steps of the array antenna design method according to any one of claims 1-5.

8. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, It stores computer instructions that, when executed by a processor, implement the steps of the array antenna design method according to any one of claims 1-5.

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