Photovoltaic panel anti-frosting device using super-hydrophobic heat-reflecting mirror and preparation method

Abstract

A kind of photovoltaic panel frost suppression and defrosting device using super-hydrophobic heat mirror and preparation method, photovoltaic panel frost suppression and defrosting device includes heat mirror, auxiliary heating layer and super-hydrophobic layer sequentially covered and arranged on the upper surface of photovoltaic glass;Heat mirror has selective transmittance for solar spectrum;Super-hydrophobic layer can use inclined plane to roll off condensation droplets;Auxiliary heating layer is used to remove frozen frost crystal after energization;The lower surface of photovoltaic glass is provided with solar cell piece.The present application is based on the analysis of heat transfer process of frost formation on photovoltaic panel, makes full use of the characteristics that heat mirror can weaken the radiation heat dissipation of photovoltaic panel, combines the frost suppression effect of super-hydrophobic surface, inhibits the occurrence of frost formation process from the perspective of heat exchange.The frost suppression process of super-hydrophobic heat mirror only needs to paste film coating on the surface of photovoltaic panel, and the structure is simple, the cost is low, there is no dead angle of frost suppression and defrosting, the structure of photovoltaic panel does not need to be changed, no additional mechanical device is added, and no external force is applied to photovoltaic panel.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of photovoltaic power generation technology, specifically relating to a photovoltaic panel defrosting and anti-frost device and its preparation method using a superhydrophobic thermal reflector. Background Technology

[0002] In autumn and winter, photovoltaic panels often frost over. The frost crystals cover the surface of the photovoltaic panels, blocking sunlight from reaching the silicon cells. If not cleaned in time, it will significantly affect the power generation of the photovoltaic panels and may cause hot spot effects that damage the silicon cells, thus causing serious economic losses to the power plant.

[0003] In existing technologies, the frost on photovoltaic panels is mostly removed mechanically, such as by blowing hot air, manual or robotic arm scraping, or water spraying. These methods require a large amount of additional mechanical equipment, and the operation of the equipment inevitably generates stress on the surface of the photovoltaic panels, which can easily cause scratches and even affect the service life of the photovoltaic panels. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to address the problems in the prior art by providing a photovoltaic panel frost suppression and defrosting device and its preparation method using a superhydrophobic thermal reflector, which achieves effective frost suppression and defrosting by starting from the heat transfer process of frost formation on the photovoltaic panel.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0006] A photovoltaic panel defrosting and defrosting device using a superhydrophobic thermal reflector includes a thermal reflector, an auxiliary heating layer, and a superhydrophobic layer sequentially covering and disposed on the upper surface of photovoltaic glass.

[0007] The thermal reflector has selective transmittance for the solar spectrum;

[0008] The superhydrophobic layer can cause condensed droplets to roll off using the inclined surface.

[0009] The auxiliary heating layer is used to remove frozen frost crystals after power is applied;

[0010] Solar cells are disposed on the lower surface of the photovoltaic glass.

[0011] As a preferred embodiment, the photovoltaic glass is provided with an insulating photovoltaic panel frame around its perimeter, and the heat reflector, auxiliary heating layer, superhydrophobic layer and solar cell are all disposed on the inner side of the insulating photovoltaic panel frame.

[0012] As a preferred embodiment, the auxiliary heating layer is connected to an auxiliary heating power supply via an auxiliary electrode and electrode leads, and the auxiliary heating power supply is fixed on the outside of the insulating photovoltaic panel frame.

[0013] As a preferred embodiment, the thermal reflector is an indium tin oxide film.

[0014] As a preferred embodiment, the superhydrophobic layer, the auxiliary heating layer heat reflector, the solar cell, and the auxiliary electrode are bonded and fixed by EVA film.

[0015] As a preferred embodiment, the reflectivity is greater than 95% for infrared light with wavelengths greater than 800nm; the transmittance is greater than 90% for visible light with wavelengths between 450nm and 650nm; the hydrophobic contact angle is greater than 120°; and the electrical resistance is less than 10 ohms. -3 ~10 -4 Ω / cm 2 Between these, the total heating power can reach 30W.

[0016] A method for preparing a photovoltaic panel defrosting and anti-frost device using a superhydrophobic thermal reflector includes:

[0017] The surface of the photovoltaic glass is cleaned and then dried.

[0018] A thermal reflector was fabricated on the upper surface of photovoltaic glass using magnetron sputtering with an indium tin alloy target.

[0019] An auxiliary heating layer was covered on the upper surface of the heat reflector and connected to a power supply. The power supply was tested and found to be normal.

[0020] A superhydrophobic layer was prepared by coating the upper surface of the auxiliary heating layer with a superhydrophobic coating.

[0021] Solar cells are fixedly installed on the lower surface of photovoltaic glass.

[0022] As a preferred method, the surface of the photovoltaic glass is cleaned with ultrapure water or ethanol, and dried using nitrogen gas.

[0023] As a preferred embodiment, in the step of fabricating a thermal reflector using an indium tin alloy target by magnetron sputtering on the upper surface of the photovoltaic glass, the vacuum level is 10. -3 Pa~10 -6 Between Pa and sputtering power between 100W and 500W, the indium tin alloy target is heated to 800℃ to 1000℃ to form vapor on the surface. A negative voltage is applied to the upper surface of the photovoltaic glass, causing ions on the indium tin target to be accelerated and then impact the surface of the photovoltaic panel to form an indium tin oxide film, thus obtaining a thermal reflector.

[0024] As a preferred embodiment, the thickness of the thermal reflector is between 100nm and 500nm, and the thickness of the auxiliary heating layer is between 0.1mm and 1mm.

[0025] Auxiliary electrodes are attached to both sides of the auxiliary heating layer with conductive adhesive, and the auxiliary electrodes are connected to the auxiliary heating power supply via electrode leads, and powered by the auxiliary heating power supply.

[0026] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has at least the following beneficial effects:

[0027] When the photovoltaic panel defrosting device of this invention is in operation, the heat reflector selectively transmits the solar spectrum, significantly reflecting infrared thermal radiation at night without affecting photovoltaic power generation in the visible light band during the day, thus maintaining the temperature of the photovoltaic panel as close to zero as possible and suppressing frost formation. Under the action of the superhydrophobic layer, droplets condensed on the surface of the photovoltaic panel easily roll off the tilted panel due to their large contact angle, further suppressing frost. In the early morning, if there are still frozen frost crystals on the surface of the photovoltaic panel, the auxiliary heating layer can be activated for defrosting. Placing the solar cells on the lower surface of the photovoltaic glass protects the auxiliary heating circuit and the backsheet components such as the solar cells, ensuring they remain independent and do not interfere with each other.

[0028] Furthermore, the photovoltaic panel defrosting and anti-frost device using a superhydrophobic thermal reflector of this invention exhibits the following optical performance characteristics: for infrared light with wavelengths greater than 800nm, the reflectivity is greater than 95% (typical value 97%); for visible light with wavelengths between 450nm and 650nm, the transmittance is greater than 90% (typical value 93%); in terms of hydrophobicity, the contact angle is greater than 120°; and in terms of electrical performance, the resistance is less than 10 ohms. -3 Ω / cm 2 ~10 -4 Ω / cm 2 The total heating power can reach 30W. After sputtering the thermal reflector, the emissivity of the photovoltaic panel is reduced to below 0.1, and the temperature drop at night is reduced from the original 5.5℃ to below 1℃, achieving the function of defrosting. At the same time, the surface of the superhydrophobic layer has a very high contact angle, usually exceeding 150°, which, together with the auxiliary heating layer, can further complete the defrosting work. Attached Figure Description

[0029] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the planar structure of the photovoltaic panel anti-frost and defrosting device using a superhydrophobic thermal reflector in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 2 A schematic cross-sectional view of a photovoltaic panel defrosting and anti-frost device using a superhydrophobic thermal reflector, as described in this embodiment of the invention.

[0031] Figure 3 A schematic diagram illustrating the working principle of the photovoltaic panel defrosting and anti-frost device using a superhydrophobic thermal reflector in this embodiment of the invention;

[0032] Figure 4 Thermal resistance network diagram of heat exchange between photovoltaic panel and environment in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 5 A graph showing the transmission-reflectivity of the thermal reflector as a function of wavelength in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 6 The influence curve of emissivity on the cooling characteristics of photovoltaic panels in this embodiment of the invention;

[0035] In the attached diagram: 1-A superhydrophobic thermal reflector consisting of a superhydrophobic layer, an auxiliary heating layer, and a thermal reflector; 2-An insulating photovoltaic panel frame; 3-An auxiliary electrode; 4-A solar cell; 5-Electrode leads; 6-An auxiliary heating power supply;

[0036] 11-Superhydrophobic layer; 12-Auxiliary heating layer; 13-Heat reflector; 14-Photovoltaic glass. Detailed Implementation

[0037] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0038] Because frost buildup on photovoltaic (PV) panels severely impacts power generation and easily leads to hot spot effects, existing technologies typically employ mechanical scraping for defrosting. This inevitably creates stress on the PV panel surface, easily causing scratches and even affecting the panel's lifespan, while also requiring a significant amount of additional mechanical equipment. This invention proposes a frost suppression and defrosting device for PV panels using a superhydrophobic thermal reflector. Based on the analysis of the heat transfer process during frost formation on PV panels, it fully utilizes the characteristic of thermal reflectors to weaken the radiative heat dissipation of PV panels, combined with the frost suppression effect of the superhydrophobic surface, to suppress the frost process from a heat exchange perspective. The superhydrophobic thermal reflector defrosting process only requires applying a film coating to the PV panel surface, resulting in a simple structure, low cost, no dead zones during frost suppression and defrosting, no need to modify the PV panel structure, no additional mechanical devices, and no external force applied to the PV panel. This significantly mitigates the power generation reduction and hot spot effect caused by frost accumulation on PV panels.

[0039] See Figure 1 and Figure 2 The photovoltaic panel defrosting and anti-frost device using a superhydrophobic thermal reflector in this embodiment of the invention includes: a superhydrophobic thermal reflector 1, an insulating photovoltaic panel frame 2, an auxiliary electrode 3, and a backsheet assembly such as solar cells 4, an electrode lead 5 connected to the auxiliary electrode 3, and an auxiliary heating power supply 6. The superhydrophobic thermal reflector 1 includes a superhydrophobic layer 1 sprayed on the outermost layer, an auxiliary heating layer 12 magnetron sputtered on the surface of the photovoltaic glass 14, and a thermal reflector 13.

[0040] The backsheet components, such as the superhydrophobic thermal reflector 1 and the solar cell 4, are bonded together with EVA film. The auxiliary heating layer 12 is located below the superhydrophobic surface 11 and above the thermal reflector 13, and is also bonded together with EVA film.

[0041] The insulating photovoltaic panel frame 2 is used to fix the entire photovoltaic device. The auxiliary heating power supply 6 is bonded to the side of the insulating photovoltaic panel frame 2 and is connected to the auxiliary heating layer 12 through the electrode lead 5.

[0042] like Figure 3 As shown in the embodiment of the present invention, the photovoltaic panel defrosting device using the superhydrophobic thermal reflector 1 operates by selectively reflecting solar radiation at night in the infrared band without affecting photovoltaic power generation in the visible light band during the day, thus maintaining the photovoltaic panel temperature as close to zero as possible and suppressing frost formation. Under the action of the superhydrophobic layer 11, droplets condensed on the photovoltaic panel have a large contact angle and easily roll off the tilted panel, further suppressing frost. In the early morning, if there are still frozen frost crystals on the photovoltaic panel surface, the auxiliary heating layer 12 can be activated, connecting the auxiliary electrode 3 and electrode lead 5 to the auxiliary heating power supply 6 for defrosting. The fixed insulating photovoltaic panel frame 2 protects the auxiliary heating circuit and the backsheet components such as the solar cells 4 from interfering with each other.

[0043] The aforementioned superhydrophobic thermal reflector 1 has the following overall characteristics: its geometric dimensions match the dimensions of the photovoltaic panel, enabling it to completely cover the surface of the photovoltaic panel; in terms of optical performance, it has a reflectivity greater than 95% (typical value 97%) for infrared light with wavelengths greater than 800nm; and a transmittance greater than 90% (typical value 93%) for visible light with wavelengths between 450nm and 650nm; in terms of hydrophobic performance, its contact angle is greater than 120°; and in terms of electrical performance, its resistance is less than 10 ohms. -3 -10 -4 Ω / cm 2 Between these, the total heating power can reach 30W.

[0044] The specific manufacturing method of the photovoltaic panel anti-frost and defrosting device using a superhydrophobic thermal reflector in this embodiment of the invention is as follows:

[0045] 1. Clean the surface of the photovoltaic panel:

[0046] 1.1. Cleaning: Use ultrapure water or ethanol to clean the surface of the photovoltaic glass 14 to remove impurities, grease and other contaminants.

[0047] 1.2. Nitrogen drying: Dry the surface of the photovoltaic glass 14 with nitrogen gas to ensure that the surface is dry.

[0048] 2. Magnetron sputtering thermally coated reflector 13 and auxiliary heating layer 12:

[0049] 2.1 Prepare magnetron sputtering equipment: Prepare magnetron sputtering equipment, which requires indium tin alloy target material.

[0050] 2.2 Setting Process Parameters: Set the process parameters for the magnetron sputtering process, including vacuum level, sputtering power, and gas flow rate. The vacuum level should be around 10... -3 Pa to 10 -6 For a range of Pa, the sputtering power should be between 100W and 500W.

[0051] 2.3 Heating the indium tin target: Heating the indium tin alloy target to 800-1000℃ to form steam on its surface.

[0052] 2.4 Sputtering Coating: A negative voltage is applied to the surface of the photovoltaic glass 14, causing ions on the indium tin target to be accelerated and then impact the surface of the photovoltaic glass 14, forming an indium tin oxide thin film. The sputtering time and distance are adjusted to make the thickness of the indium tin oxide thin film uniform and between 100nm and 500nm, thus obtaining the thermal reflector 13.

[0053] 3. Connect the auxiliary heating circuit: Use conductive adhesive to attach the auxiliary electrode 3, which has a thickness of 0.1mm-1mm and a length matching the photovoltaic glass 14, to both sides of the auxiliary heating layer 12. Connect the auxiliary electrode 3 to the auxiliary heating power supply 6 attached to the insulating photovoltaic panel frame 2 through the electrode lead 5, and test whether it can heat normally.

[0054] 4. Spraying superhydrophobic layer 11:

[0055] 4.1 Prepare superhydrophobic coatings: Select suitable superhydrophobic coatings, such as silica, fluorides, etc., and prepare the coatings according to the specified ratio.

[0056] 4.2 Coating the superhydrophobic layer 11: The superhydrophobic coating is uniformly coated on the surface of the auxiliary heating layer 12 and dried and cured at an appropriate temperature.

[0057] It should be noted that the control of magnetron sputtering process parameters, the fabrication of the thermal reflector, and the fabrication of the superhydrophobic layer are all well-known to those skilled in the art, and this application does not describe these contents in detail. Furthermore, it should be clarified that the fabrication of the superhydrophobic layer and the fabrication of the indium tin oxide thin film are not innovative points of this application, but rather technical means to support this application.

[0058] The following example, using the frosting problem at a photovoltaic power station in Dalad Banner, Inner Mongolia, will be used to illustrate this application.

[0059] The reason why photovoltaic panels frost over is that the equivalent temperature of the sky is much lower than the air temperature of the ground. For the photovoltaic panels on the ground, they act as a heat sink, and the continuous radiation of heat from the photovoltaic panels into the sky causes their temperature to drop. When the temperature of the photovoltaic panels is simultaneously below 0°C and the dew point temperature of the environment, frost will begin to form on the photovoltaic panels. Figure 4 This study analyzes the heat exchange process of solar panel frosting and derives a thermal resistance network diagram. The solar panel exchanges heat with the sky, ground, and air. Figure 4 In the middle, T sky For equivalent sky temperature, T pv T represents the surface temperature of the photovoltaic panel. air For air temperature, T ground Let R represent the ground temperature and R represent the thermal resistance. The meanings of the radiative and convective thermal resistances in this heat transfer process are given in subscript form in the figure. The equivalent sky temperature calculation expression is as follows:

[0060]

[0061] Air temperature is selected based on the local air temperature of the photovoltaic power station, and ground temperature is determined using an empirical correlation formula.

[0062] T ground =T air -2(2)

[0063] The formula for calculating the temperature difference between the photovoltaic panel surface and the environment is:

[0064] ΔT=T pv -T air (3)

[0065] The radiative heat exchange between the photovoltaic panel and the sky is:

[0066]

[0067] In the formula, Q r Let σ be the radiative heat exchange between the photovoltaic panel and the sky, ε be the Stefan-Boltzmann constant, ε be the emissivity of the photovoltaic panel, A be the area of ​​the photovoltaic panel, and X be the solar energy transfer coefficient. pv,sky The angle factor of the photovoltaic panel relative to the sky is calculated as follows:

[0068]

[0069] Where m is the spacing between photovoltaic panels, n is the width of the photovoltaic panel, and θ is the angle between the photovoltaic panel and the horizontal plane.

[0070] The reason why the superhydrophobic thermal reflector 1 of this invention can be used for defrosting and frost removal on the surface of photovoltaic panels is that, at ambient temperature, the thermal reflector 13 can greatly reduce the emissivity ε of the photovoltaic panel. The emissivity ε of the photovoltaic panel is extremely low, thereby suppressing the heat dissipation Q radiated from the photovoltaic panel to the sky. r This reduces the temperature drop on the photovoltaic panel, achieving an anti-frost effect. Figure 5 The optical performance of the thermal reflector 13 is described. For infrared light with a wavelength greater than 800nm, the thermal reflector 13 has a reflectivity greater than 95%, which can effectively suppress radiative heat transfer. For visible light with a wavelength of 450-650nm, the transmittance is greater than 90%, which has little impact on photovoltaic power generation. Figure 6This indicates that the temperature difference ΔT between the photovoltaic panel and the environment is affected by the emissivity ε of the photovoltaic panel. The lower the emissivity, the smaller the temperature difference between the photovoltaic panel and the surrounding environment, and the less likely its surface is to frost, and vice versa. The emissivity of the glass and silicon cells on the photovoltaic panel surface is greater than 0.9. After sputtering the thermal reflector, the emissivity is reduced to below 0.1, and the temperature difference is reduced from 5.5℃ to below 1℃. After the surface of the thermal reflector 13 is treated with superhydrophobicity, it has a very high contact angle, typically exceeding 120 degrees. This means that when frost or ice forms on the surface, it cannot adhere evenly to the surface, but forms small droplets, which are then detached under the action of gravity or airflow. This surface characteristic prevents ice or frost from forming a firm structure on the surface, thus effectively suppressing frost formation.

[0071] The following are applications of the examples:

[0072] The photovoltaic panel defrosting and anti-frost device using a superhydrophobic thermal reflector in this embodiment of the invention mainly includes photovoltaic glass 14, an insulating photovoltaic panel frame 2, an ultra-superhydrophobic layer 11, a thermal reflector 13, an auxiliary heating layer 12, and a heating circuit.

[0073] Step 1: Prepare photovoltaic glass 14:

[0074] The photovoltaic glass 14 to be processed is placed in a clean room, and its surface is cleaned with ultrapure water or ethanol to remove impurities, grease, and other contaminants. Next, the surface of the photovoltaic panel is dried with nitrogen gas to ensure it is completely dry.

[0075] Step 2: Magnetron sputtering heat-depositing reflector 13:

[0076] 2.1 Prepare the magnetron sputtering equipment;

[0077] When preparing magnetron sputtering equipment, an indium tin alloy target needs to be installed.

[0078] 2.2 Set process parameters;

[0079] Set the process parameters for magnetron sputtering, including vacuum level, sputtering power, and gas flow rate. Note that the vacuum level should be around 10... -3 Pa to 10 -6 The sputtering power is between 100W and 500W, with Pa between Pa and Pa.

[0080] 2.3 Heating the indium tin target;

[0081] The indium-tin alloy target is heated to 800℃-1000℃ to form vapor on its surface.

[0082] 2.4 Sputtered coating;

[0083] A negative voltage is applied to the surface of photovoltaic glass 14, causing ions on the indium tin target to be accelerated and then impact the photovoltaic panel surface, forming an indium tin oxide thin film. By adjusting the sputtering time and distance, the thickness of the film is made uniform and between 100nm and 500nm.

[0084] Step 3: Connect the auxiliary heating layer 12;

[0085] A 1mm thick silver electrode, matching the length of the photovoltaic panel, was attached to both sides of an indium tin oxide film using conductive adhesive. It was then connected to a 24V battery attached to an insulating support via a lead wire to test whether it could heat up normally.

[0086] Step 4: Apply superhydrophobic layer 11:

[0087] 4.1 Prepare superhydrophobic coatings;

[0088] Ultrafine silica and a coupling agent were selected as the superhydrophobic coating and prepared in a 1:1 ratio. The prepared superhydrophobic coating was uniformly coated on the surface of the auxiliary heating layer 12 and dried and cured at room temperature.

[0089] Step 5: Testing:

[0090] The fabricated superhydrophobic thermal reflector 1 was tested, including its optical and hydrophobic properties. The test results should meet the following requirements: its geometric dimensions match the dimensions of the photovoltaic glass 14, and it can completely cover the surface of the photovoltaic glass 14; in terms of optical performance, for infrared light with wavelengths greater than 800 nm, the reflectivity is greater than 95%; for visible light with wavelengths of 450 nm-650 nm, the transmittance is greater than 90%; in terms of hydrophobic properties, its contact angle is greater than 120°.

[0091] This invention addresses the problem that existing technologies can only use mechanical scraping to defrost photovoltaic panels, which severely impact power generation and easily cause hot spot effects after frosting occurs. This invention starts from the heat transfer process of frosting on photovoltaic panels.

[0092] The above-described embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of this application, and are not intended to limit them. Although this application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, and should all be included within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. A photovoltaic panel defrosting and anti-frost device employing a superhydrophobic thermal reflector, characterized in that, It includes a heat reflector (13), an auxiliary heating layer (12), and a superhydrophobic layer (11) sequentially covering the upper surface of the photovoltaic glass (14). The heat reflector (13) has selective transmittance for the solar spectrum; the heat reflector (13) is an indium tin oxide film layer; The superhydrophobic layer (11) can cause condensed droplets to roll off using the inclined surface; The auxiliary heating layer (12) is used to remove frozen frost crystals after power is applied; the auxiliary heating layer (12) is connected to the auxiliary heating power supply (6) via the auxiliary electrode (3) and the electrode lead (5); Solar cells (4) are disposed on the lower surface of the photovoltaic glass (14).

2. The photovoltaic panel defrosting and anti-frost device using a superhydrophobic thermal reflector according to claim 1, characterized in that, The photovoltaic glass (14) is surrounded by an insulating photovoltaic panel frame (2), and the heat reflector (13), auxiliary heating layer (12), superhydrophobic layer (11) and solar cell (4) are all located on the inside of the insulating photovoltaic panel frame (2).

3. The photovoltaic panel defrosting and anti-frost device using a superhydrophobic thermal reflector according to claim 2, characterized in that, The auxiliary heating power supply (6) is fixed on the outside of the insulating photovoltaic panel frame (2).

4. The photovoltaic panel defrosting and anti-frost device using a superhydrophobic thermal reflector according to claim 3, characterized in that, The superhydrophobic layer (11), auxiliary heating layer (12), thermal reflector (13), solar cell (4), and auxiliary electrode (3) are bonded and fixed by EVA film.

5. The photovoltaic panel defrosting and anti-frost device using a superhydrophobic thermal reflector according to claim 1, characterized in that, For infrared light with wavelengths greater than 800 nm, the reflectivity is greater than 95%; for visible light with wavelengths between 450 nm and 650 nm, the transmittance is greater than 90%; the hydrophobic contact angle is greater than 120°; and the electrical resistance is within 10... -3 Ω / cm 2 ~10 -4 Ω / cm 2 Between these, the total heating power can reach 30W.

6. A method for preparing a photovoltaic panel defrosting and anti-frost device using a superhydrophobic thermal reflector, characterized in that, include: The surface of the photovoltaic glass (14) is cleaned and then dried. A thermal reflector (13) was fabricated on the upper surface of the photovoltaic glass (14) by magnetron sputtering using an indium tin alloy target. An auxiliary heating layer (12) was covered on the upper surface of the heat reflector (13) and connected to a power supply. The power supply was tested and found to be normal. A superhydrophobic layer (11) is prepared by coating the upper surface of the auxiliary heating layer (12) with a superhydrophobic coating. Solar cells (4) are fixedly installed on the lower surface of the photovoltaic glass (14).

7. The method for preparing the photovoltaic panel defrosting and anti-frost device using a superhydrophobic thermal reflector according to claim 6, characterized in that: The surface of the photovoltaic glass (14) is cleaned with ultrapure water or ethanol and dried by blowing with nitrogen.

8. The method for preparing the photovoltaic panel defrosting and anti-frost device using a superhydrophobic thermal reflector according to claim 6, characterized in that: In the step of fabricating a thermal reflector (13) on the upper surface of photovoltaic glass (14) using magnetron sputtering with an indium tin alloy target, the vacuum level is 10. -3 Pa~10 -6 Between Pa and sputtering power between 100W and 500W, the indium tin alloy target is heated to 800°C to 1000°C to form vapor on the surface. A negative voltage is applied to the upper surface of the photovoltaic glass (14) so ​​that the ions on the indium tin target are accelerated and then collide with the surface of the photovoltaic panel to form an indium tin oxide film layer, thus obtaining a thermal reflector (13).

9. The method for preparing the photovoltaic panel defrosting and anti-frost device using a superhydrophobic thermal reflector according to claim 6, characterized in that: The thickness of the heat reflector (13) is between 100nm and 500nm, and the thickness of the auxiliary heating layer (12) is between 0.1mm and 1mm. Auxiliary electrodes (3) are attached to both sides of the auxiliary heating layer (12) with conductive adhesive. The auxiliary electrodes (3) are connected to the auxiliary heating power supply (6) via electrode leads (5) and powered by the auxiliary heating power supply (6).

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