Agrochemical compositions with improved drift, uptake and rainfastness

Abstract

The present invention relates to agrochemical compositions: their use for foliar application; their use at low spray volumes; their use by unmanned aerial systems (UAS), unmanned guided vehicles (UGV) and tractors equipped with boom sprayers or rotary disc droplet applicators equipped with conventional nozzles as well as pulse width modulated nozzles; and their use for controlling agricultural pests, weeds or diseases, particularly on waxy leaves, and in particular the present invention relates to agrochemical compositions with reduced drift, particularly in spray applications.

Description

[0001] This invention relates to agricultural chemical compositions: their use for foliar application; their use at low spray volumes; their use by means of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAS), unmanned guided vehicles (UGVs), and tractors equipped with cantilever sprayers or rotary disc droplet applicators with conventional nozzles and pulse width modulation nozzles; and their use for the control of agricultural pests, weeds, or diseases, particularly on waxy leaves, and especially to agricultural chemical compositions with reduced drift (particularly in spray applications).

[0002] Pesticide active compounds (AIs), such as herbicides, fungicides, insecticides, bactericides, acaricides, plant growth regulators, etc., and their formulations are typically diluted in an aqueous spray liquid and sprayed onto plants and / or their habitats.

[0003] While modern agriculture faces numerous challenges in producing sufficient food safely and sustainably, it also needs to utilize crop protection products to improve safety, quality, and yield while minimizing its impact on the environment and agricultural land. Many crop protection products—whether chemical or biological—are typically applied at relatively high spray volumes, such as greater than 50 L / ha in certain cases, and often greater than 150–400 L / ha. This results in a significant energy expenditure required to carry the large volumes of spray liquid and then apply it to the crops via spraying. This can be accomplished by large tractors, which, due to the weight of the tractors and the spray liquid, generate CO2 from the mechanical work involved and cause harmful soil compaction, impacting plant root growth, health, and yield, and subsequently consuming energy in remedying these effects.

[0004] Furthermore, when the spray formulation is applied, more or less noticeable drift of the spray solution containing the active substance can be observed, depending on wind conditions, nozzle type and other application parameters such as nozzle pressure, boom height and tractor speed.

[0005] Pesticide spray drift is a major problem in terms of the environmental impact of agriculture on natural ecosystems and urban areas. Furthermore, this drift is undesirable because it results in a loss of some of the applied agrochemicals relative to the intended application rate in the treated area.

[0006] More importantly, drifting material can damage nearby crops, especially the local environment (e.g., surface water, non-target vegetation) and bystanders and residents in residential areas.

[0007] A solution is needed that significantly reduces the drift of active ingredients / formulations during spraying, while preferably reducing the volume of spray liquid and the weight of the equipment required to apply the product.

[0008] Various methods are used to prevent spray drift beyond field boundaries. The use of natural or artificial windbreaks is well-known. However, it has been described that even when such barriers are used, drift can lead to the deposition of active substances behind the boundaries (e.g., "Deposition of spray drift behind border structures", M. DeSchampheleire et al., Crop Protection 28 (2009) 1061-1075). Another commonly used drift mitigation measure is buffer zones, whether for non-crop or crop crops. The disadvantage of non-crop buffer zones is that parts of the field cannot be planted with crops, which is an economic cost to farmers. The disadvantage of crop buffer zones is that parts of the crop are not adequately protected, resulting in lower yields and potentially developing resistance. Obviously, this is something farmers want to avoid.

[0009] Besides physically limiting spray drift, the structure of the spray cloud can be altered to reduce the tendency of droplets to drift; typically, those droplets prone to drift have a diameter of less than 100 μm. This can be achieved by selecting different types of nozzles, changing the pressure that generates the spray cloud, or by altering the properties of the spray liquid itself. Changing the nozzle and / or nozzle pressure, in particular, is something farmers are reluctant to do because it is time-consuming and makes their crop production more expensive. Furthermore, the equipment required to handle variable application rates on sprayers is not common. For these reasons, a more acceptable way to optimize the spray cloud to result in less or more limited drift is by adjusting the properties of the spray liquid.

[0010] While other factors, such as weather conditions and boom height, may also contribute to drift, the droplet size distribution has been identified as a major factor. Teske et al. (Teske ME, Hewitt AJ, Valcore, DL 2004. The Role of Small Droplets in Classifying Drop Size Distributions ILASSAmericas 17th Annual Conference: Arlington VA) have reported that a portion of droplets < 156 micrometers (μm) contribute to drift as a result of the droplet distribution. Other researchers have suggested that droplets < 150 μm in diameter are most prone to drift (JH Combellack, NM Westen and RG Richardson, Crop Prot., 1996, 15, 147-152; O. Permin, LN Jorgensen and K. Persson, Crop Prot., 1992, 11, 541-546). Another group (H. Zhu, RW Dexter, RD Fox, DL Reichard, RD Brazee and HEOzkan, J. Agric. Engineering Res., 1997, 67, 35-45.) cited values ​​< 200 μm as the driftable portion. Based on theoretical studies and computer simulations, spray droplets with a diameter < 100 μm have been confirmed as the most easily drifting (H. Holterman, Kinetics and evaporation of water drops in air, 2003, IMAGReport 2003-12; PA Hobson, PCH Miller, PJ Walklate, CR Tuck and N. M. Western, J. Agr. Eng. Res., 1993, 54, 293-305; PCH Miller, The measurement of spray drift, Pesticide Outlook, 2003, 14, 205-209). Therefore, a good estimate of the droplet size that may lead to drift is the portion below approximately 100 μm (the driftable portion). The smaller the droplet, the longer it remains in the air, and the greater the tendency for it to evaporate and / or drift rather than be stored within the field boundaries.One way to minimize the drift effect is by adding a suitable drift control agent to the pesticide formulation, which increases the size of the droplets in the spray cloud—that is, shifting the droplet spectrum toward larger droplets. When seeking solutions to overcome the drift problem, it is essential to consider that the biological performance of the resulting formulation may not be reduced. Using formulations that increase the size of the spray droplets (canned and drum mixes) may reduce efficacy to some extent, primarily due to reduced cover (e.g., "Biological efficacy of herbicides and fungicides applied with low-drift and twin-fluid nozzles" P.K. Jensen et al. Crop Protection 20 (2001) 57-64). The retention of larger droplets on the leaf surface may be reduced as they may be lost, bounce off, break up, or redistributed. Fewer larger droplets adhering to the leaf surface reduces overall biological efficacy. Furthermore, for crops where the spray cloud must penetrate into the crop canopy, very large droplets may penetrate directly through the canopy, bounce off the leaves, break up, and redistribute into the soil. All of the aforementioned effects of applying the active compound with large droplets may exacerbate the reduction in efficacy.

[0011] Also to consider is that many compounds added to formulations to improve efficacy, storage, rain resistance, and other important properties often have a negative impact on the drift properties of spray soups, i.e., tending to reduce droplet size or enhance subsequent evaporation.

[0012] Furthermore, in agriculture, low-volume application technologies, including unmanned aerial systems (UAS), unmanned guided vehicles (UGVs), and tractors equipped with cantilever sprayers or rotary disc droplet applicators with pulse-width modulated nozzles, offer farmers solutions for applying products at low volumes, typically as low as 10 to 20 L / ha or less. The advantages of these solutions include, for example, requiring significantly less water, which is crucial in areas with limited water supply; requiring less energy to transport and apply the spray liquid; rapid canning and application of the spray liquid; reduced spray liquid transport volume and the use of smaller, lighter vehicles, both of which reduce CO2 production and soil compaction damage; and the ability to use cheaper application systems.

[0013] However, Wang et al. [Field evaluation of an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) sprayer: effect of spray volume on deposition and the control of pests and disease in wheat. Pest Management Science [2019 doi / epdf / 10.1002 / ps.5321] shows that as the spray rate decreased from 450 and 225 L / ha to 28.1, 16.8, and 9.0 L / ha, the coverage area (% area), the amount of spray deposits per unit area, and the diameter of the spray deposits, as measured on water-sensitive paper, all decreased (see Table 3, Wang et al., 2019). Meanwhile, the biocontrol efficacy against wheat aphids and powdery mildew decreased at low spray rates, with the largest decrease observed at 9.0 L / ha, followed by 16.8 L / ha (see Figures 6, 7, and 8, Wang et al., 2019).

[0014] Therefore, there is a need to design formulation systems that overcome the reduction in coverage and spray deposit diameter at low spray volumes, even as the number of spray deposits per unit area decreases: with decreasing spray volume, for the same spray droplet size, the number of spray droplets per unit area decreases proportionally. This is particularly necessary at volumes below 25 L / ha, more particularly below 17 L / ha, and even more particularly below 10 L / ha.

[0015] Furthermore, the increased concentration of adjuvants in the spray solution enhances plant absorption, and the higher local concentration of adjuvants leads to a higher probability of washout of the spray solution.

[0016] Furthermore, higher concentrations of surfactants in low-volume formulations and spray soups typically result in smaller droplet sizes, which in turn increases drift.

[0017] Therefore, there is a need to provide formulations that, when sprayed according to the invention not only at a “normal” volume (50-500 l / ha) but also at an ultra-low spray volume, exhibit good coverage of crops to provide good bioefficacy, while having good or acceptable absorption and not exhibiting high washout rates.

[0018] The solution is provided by the formulation according to claim 1, and specifically by a formulation comprising a specific drift reducer combined with a specific concentration of a selected absorbent and a rain-resistant agent. The formulation provides minimized or at least maintained drift, while providing increased coverage and increased diameter of spray deposits at low spray volumes, while maintaining or improving absorption, bioavailability, and rain resistance. Furthermore, the increased coverage and increased diameter of the spray deposits are comparable to the coverage obtained at normal higher spray volumes.

[0019] Furthermore, the formulations of the present invention are particularly effective on leaf surfaces that are difficult to wet, where more conventional spray amounts have poorer retention and coverage.

[0020] A particular advantage of this invention for small-volume application, given the lower total amount of all components compared to levels required under conventional high-volume spraying, is that the formulation is less expensive and easier to manufacture. Other advantages include improved formulation stability, simplified manufacturing process, lower commercialization costs, and less environmental impact.

[0021] Prior art formulations containing drift reducers, including barrel mixes, are primarily designed for higher spray volumes and typically contain lower concentrations of absorption enhancers in the spray liquid. However, due to the use of high spray volumes in the prior art, the total amount of reagents used in the environment is higher than in this invention.

[0022] The concentration of the drift reducer is a crucial element of this invention because, particularly for oil-based drift inhibitors that are also used as penetration enhancers, suitable effects occur at low concentrations, prior to any effect of the active substance's penetration. Therefore, a significantly reduced amount of the oil and minimal environmental drift impact can be achieved. "A lower amount of the drift reducer (also called a drift inhibitor)" refers to less than 25 g / L. This means that a good drift reduction can be achieved by replacing the conventional 100-500 g / ha with an amount of 5 to 10 g / ha, where the conventional 100-500 g / ha is essential for absorption.

[0023] On the other hand, high oil content increases product volume, manufacturing complexity, and can reduce product stability. Therefore, they should be avoided if they are not required to be used as absorption enhancers or solvents.

[0024] The minimum concentration of the drift reducer to be achieved is typically 0.5 g / L.

[0025] Regarding absorbents used in low-volume applications, in the prior art, a spray volume of 500 l / ha would require approximately 250 g / ha of absorbent to achieve adequate absorption. Therefore, faced with the task of reducing the spray volume, technicians would apply the same concentration of absorbent in the formulation. For example, for a spray volume of 10 l / ha, approximately 5 g / ha (approximately 0.05% in the spray broth) of absorbent would be required. However, at such low volumes and such low absorbent concentrations, adequate absorption cannot be achieved (see examples).

[0026] Furthermore, as described above, according to the present invention, an absorption enhancer must be present to enable the active ingredient to be absorbed into the plant to enhance its biological efficacy, and at the same time, a rain-resistant additive must be present to prevent unacceptable amounts of rinsing away.

[0027] As shown in the previous application, we have found that increasing the concentration of the absorbent as the spray volume decreases can compensate for the loss of coverage due to the reduced spray volume (due to enhanced absorption). Surprisingly, it was found that the absorbent concentration should approximately double for every 50% reduction in spray volume.

[0028] Therefore, although the absolute concentration of the absorbent is increased compared to existing formulations, the relative total amount per hectare is reduced, which is both economically and ecologically advantageous. At the same time, the coverage and efficacy of the formulation of the present invention are improved, maintained, or at least kept at an acceptable level. The low application rate also has other advantages, such as lower formulation costs due to lower commodity costs, smaller vehicles with lower operating costs, less soil compaction, etc.

[0029] Furthermore, we have unexpectedly found that, compared with formulations that do not contain drift inhibitors known in the art, the formulations according to the invention exhibit low drift and comparable or enhanced absorption of the active ingredient.

[0030] We also found that, despite the high concentration of the absorbent (absorption enhancer), the rain resistance and drift reduction of the formulation according to the present invention are comparable to or better than those of the reference formulation based on the prior art.

[0031] Furthermore, a positive effect on foaming was observed when methyl esters of vegetable oils were used as b), namely, reducing foam in the formulation, especially foam associated with organosiloxane dispersants.

[0032] As described above, based on leaf surface texture, the formulation of the present invention is particularly suitable for low-volume application. Bico et al. [Wetting of textured surface, Colloids and Surfaces A, 206(2002)41-46] have demonstrated that compared with smooth surfaces, textured surfaces can improve the wetting of spray dilutions of formulations with a contact angle < 90°, and reduce the wetting of those with a contact angle > 90°.

[0033] This also applies to the situation of leaf surfaces, especially textured leaf surfaces, when spraying is carried out according to the method of the present invention.

[0034] Textured leaf surfaces include leaves with micron-scale wax crystals on the surface, such as garlic, onion, leek, soybean (<GS 16 (BBCH 16)), oat, wheat, barley, rice, sugarcane, pineapple, banana, linseed, lily, orchid, maize (<GS 15 (BBCH 15)), cabbage, kale, broccoli, cauliflower, rye, rapeseed, tulip and peanut; as well as leaves with surface texture, such as lotus leaf.

[0035] This is obviously also true for application to weeds with textured leaf surfaces, such as Cassia ( Cassia obtusifolia ), Chenopodium ( Chenopodium album ), Elymus repens ( Agropyron repens ), Alopecurus myosuroides ( Alopecurus myosuroides ), Brachiaria filiformis ( Apera spica-venti ), Avena fatua ( Avena fatua ), Brachiaria mutica ( Brachiaria plantaginea ), Bromus secalinus ( Bromus secalinus ), Cynodon dactylon ( Cynodon dactylon ), Digitaria ( Digitaria sanguinalis ), Echinochloa crus-galli ( Echinochloa crus-galli ), Panicum dichotomiflorum ( Panicum dichotomiflorum ), Poa annua ( Poa annua ), Setaria faberi ( Setaria faberi ), and Sorghum halepense ( Sorghum halepense ), etc.

[0036] Surface texture can be determined by observation via a scanning electron microscope (SEM). In summary, the object of the present invention is to provide a formulation that can be applied at high (200-500 l / ha or even higher) to low volume (i.e. < 20 L / ha), while still providing good drift reduction, absorption, and biological efficacy against fungal pathogens, weeds and pests, and offering good rainfastness, with a reduced amount of additional additives applied per hectare; as well as a method for using said formulation at high to low volume (< 20 L / ha); and the use of said formulation for low-volume application as described above.

[0037] Although application to textured leaves is preferred, it has been unexpectedly found that the formulation of the present invention also shows good results on untextured leaves compared to a typical spray formulation of 200 L / ha.

[0038] In some respects, the present invention relates to the use of the compositions of the present invention for foliar application.

[0039] Unless otherwise specified, % in this application refers to weight percentage (% weight / weight).

[0040] It should be understood that, in the case of various combinations of ingredients, the sum of the percentages of all ingredients in the formulation is 100.

[0041] Furthermore, unless otherwise specified, "to volume" when referring to water means adding water to a total volume of the formulation of 1000 mL (1 L). For clarity, it should be understood that, if unclear, the density of the formulation should be understood as 1 g / cm³. 3 .

[0042] In the context of this invention, the water-based agrochemical composition comprises at least 5% water and includes a suspending agent, an aqueous suspension, a suspension emulsion, or a capsule suspension, preferably a suspending agent and an aqueous suspension.

[0043] Furthermore, it should be understood that the dosage or application rate and the preferred ranges of each component given in this specification can be freely combined, and all combinations are disclosed herein. However, in a more preferred embodiment, the components are preferably present in a range of equal preference, or even more preferably, the components are present in the most preferred range.

[0044] It should also be understood that the formulations of the present invention do not refer to barrel-mixed formulations, but rather to ready-to-use (canned) formulations that can be used without the addition of adjuvants (such as surfactants, wetting agents, absorption enhancers, drift or rain-resistant barrel-mixed additives).

[0045] Figure 1 Spray deposits on wheat leaves are shown. (i) and (iii) are spray dilutions of 10 l / ha, and (ii) and (iv) are spray dilutions of 200 l / ha. (i) and (ii) are comparative formulations, and (iii) and (iv) are formulations illustrating the present invention. Images are taken from Example FN9.

[0046] Figure 2 The spray deposits on tomato plants at a spray dilution concentration of 15 l / ha are shown. (i) is a comparative formulation, and (ii) is a formulation illustrating the present invention. Images are taken from Example FN10.

[0047] On one hand, the present invention relates to a formulation comprising: a) One or more active ingredients, b) One or more drift-reducing agents, d) One or more absorption enhancers, e) One or more rain-resistant additives, f) Other formulation agents g) One or more carriers to make up to the solvent (1 L or 1 kg), In one preferred embodiment, b) is a vegetable oil or an ester or diester of a vegetable oil; in another embodiment, component b) is a polymer drift reducer.

[0048] In another preferred embodiment, b) is present at a concentration of 0.01 to 50 g / l.

[0049] Unless otherwise specified, in this invention, a carrier is typically used to bring the formulation to volume. Preferably, the concentration of the carrier in the formulation according to the invention is at least 5% by weight, more preferably at least 10% by weight, for example at least 20% by weight, at least 40% by weight, at least 50% by weight, at least 60% by weight, at least 70% by weight, and at least 80% by weight, or at least 50 g / L respectively. More preferably at least 100 g / L, for example at least 200 g / L, at least 400 g / L, at least 500 g / L, at least 600 g / L, at least 700 g / L, and at least 800 g / L.

[0050] This formulation is preferably used for spray application on crops.

[0051] In another preferred embodiment, the formulation is a flowable formulation containing the active ingredient in particulate form, particularly SC, SE, and OD formulations. The most preferred formulation is the SC formulation.

[0052] In a preferred embodiment of the invention, and also for the following embodiments described in the specification, the carrier is water.

[0053] In a preferred embodiment, the formulation of the present invention comprises a) One or more active ingredients, b) One or more drift-reducing components, d) One or more absorption enhancers, e) One or more rain-resistant additives, f) Optional other formulations, g) One or more carriers to fill the volume. Components containing the following amounts a) to g) a) 5 to 500 g / l b) 0.01 to 50 g / l, and 1 to 50 g / l in the case of b) vegetable oil or ester, and 0.05 to 3 g / l in the case of b) drift-reducing polymer. d) 10 to 180 g / l e) 5 to 150 g / l, g) A carrier that fills the volume.

[0054] In a preferred embodiment, the formulation of the present invention comprises a) One or more active ingredients, b) One or more drift-reducing components, d) One or more absorption enhancers, e) One or more rain-resistant additives, f1) At least one suitable nonionic surfactant and / or a suitable ionic surfactant, f2) Optionally, a rheology modifier, f3) Optional, suitable defoaming agent, f4) Optional, a suitable antifreeze. f5) Optional, other suitable formulations. g) A carrier to replenish the volume. Wherein b) is present in the form of 0.01 to 50 g / l, and wherein water is even more preferably used as a carrier, and wherein in a preferred embodiment b) is a vegetable oil or an ester or diester of a vegetable oil, and in another embodiment b) is a polymer drift reducer.

[0055] In another embodiment, at least one of f2, f3, f4 and f5 is mandatory, preferably at least two of f1, f2, f3, f4 and f5 are mandatory, and in yet another embodiment, f1, f2, f3, f4 and f5 are mandatory.

[0056] In a preferred embodiment, component a) is preferably present in an amount of 5 to 500 g / l, more preferably 10 to 320 g / l, and most preferably 20 to 230 g / l.

[0057] In an alternative implementation, component a) is a fungicide.

[0058] In an alternative implementation, component a) is an insecticide.

[0059] In an alternative implementation, component a) is a herbicide.

[0060] In a preferred embodiment, component b) is present at 0.01 to 50 g / l, preferably 0.1 to 30 g / l, and most preferably 1 to 20 g / l.

[0061] In the case where b) is selected from vegetable oils and esters, b) is preferably present at 1 to 50 g / l, more preferably 5 to 30 g / l, and most preferably 6 to 30 g / l.

[0062] When b) is selected from polymer drift reducers, b) is preferably present at 0.05 to 10 g / l, more preferably 0.1 to 8 g / l, and most preferably 0.2 to 6 g / l.

[0063] In a preferred embodiment, component d) is present at 10 to 180 g / l, preferably 20 to 150 g / l, and most preferably 30 to 140 g / l.

[0064] In a preferred embodiment, component e) is present at 5 to 150 g / l, preferably 10 to 100 g / l, and most preferably 20 to 80 g / l.

[0065] In a preferred embodiment, one or more components (f1) are present at 4 to 250 g / l, preferably 8 to 120 g / l, and most preferably 10 to 80 g / l.

[0066] In a preferred embodiment, one or more components (f2) are present at 0 to 60 g / l, preferably 1 to 20 g / l, and most preferably 2 to 10 g / l.

[0067] In a preferred embodiment, one or more components (f3) are present at 0 to 30 g / L, preferably 0.5 to 20 g / L, and most preferably 1 to 12 g / L.

[0068] In a preferred embodiment, one or more components (f4) are present at a concentration of 0 to 200 g / L, preferably 5 to 150 g / L, and most preferably 10 to 120 g / L.

[0069] In a preferred embodiment, one or more components (f5) are present at a concentration of 0 to 200 g / L, preferably 0.1 to 120 g / L, and most preferably 0.5 to 80 g / L.

[0070] In one embodiment, the formulation comprises the following amounts of components a) to f). a) 5 to 500 g / L, preferably 10 to 320 g / L, most preferably 20 to 230 g / L. b) 0.01 to 50 g / l, preferably 0.1 to 30 g / l, most preferably 1 to 20 g / l, and 1 to 50 g / l, preferably 5 to 30 g / l, most preferably 6 to 30 g / l, in the case of b) vegetable oil or ester, and 0.05 to 10 g / l, preferably 0.1 to 8 g / l, most preferably 0.2 to 6 g / l, in the case of b) drift-reducing polymer.

[0071] d) 10 to 180 g / l, preferably 20 to 150 g / l, most preferably 30 to 140 g / l. e) 5 to 150 g / L, preferably 10 to 100 g / L, most preferably 20 to 80 g / L. f) 4 to 250 g / L, preferably 8 to 120 g / L, most preferably 10 to 80 g / L. g) A carrier that fills the volume.

[0072] In another embodiment, the formulation comprises the following components a) to f). a) 5 to 500 g / L, preferably 10 to 320 g / L, most preferably 20 to 230 g / L. b) 0.01 to 50 g / l, preferably 0.1 to 30 g / l, most preferably 1 to 20 g / l, and 1 to 50 g / l, preferably 5 to 30 g / l, most preferably 6 to 30 g / l, in the case of b) vegetable oil or ester, and 0.05 to 10 g / l, preferably 0.1 to 8 g / l, most preferably 0.2 to 6 g / l, in the case of b) drift-reducing polymer.

[0073] d) 10 to 180 g / l, preferably 20 to 150 g / l, most preferably 30 to 140 g / l. e) 5 to 150 g / L, preferably 10 to 100 g / L, most preferably 20 to 80 g / L. f1) 4 to 250 g / l, preferably 8 to 120 g / l, most preferably 10 to 80 g / l. f2) 0 to 60 g / L, preferably 1 to 20 g / L, most preferably 2 to 10 g / L. f3) 0 to 30 g / l, preferably 0.5 to 20 g / l, most preferably 1 to 12 g / l. f4) 0 to 200 g / L, preferably 5 to 150 g / L, most preferably 10 to 120 g / L f5) 0 to 200 g / l, preferably 0.1 to 120 g / l, most preferably 0.5 to 80 g / l. g) A carrier that fills the volume.

[0074] It should be understood that when using a solid carrier, the above amount refers to 1 kg rather than 1 liter, i.e., g / kg.

[0075] As described above, always add component g) to the volume, i.e., to 1 liter or 1 kg.

[0076] In another preferred embodiment of the invention, the formulation consists only of the above-mentioned components a) to g) in specified amounts and ranges.

[0077] In a preferred embodiment, the herbicide is used in combination with a safener, the safener preferably being selected from isoxadifen-ethyl and mefenpyr-diethyl.

[0078] The present invention is also applicable to the method of application of the above-mentioned formulation, wherein the formulation is applied at a spraying rate of 1 to 30 l / ha, preferably 1 to 20 l / ha, more preferably 2 to 15 l / ha, and most preferably 5 to 15 l / ha.

[0079] More preferably, the present invention is applicable to the method of application of the above-mentioned formulation, wherein the formulation is applied at a spray rate of 1 to 30 l / ha, preferably 1 to 20 l / ha, more preferably 2 to 15 l / ha, and most preferably 5 to 15 l / ha, and is present in an amount of a) 5 to 500 g / l, preferably 10 to 320 g / l, and most preferably 20 to 230 g / l, and even more preferably b) 0.01 to 50 g / l, preferably 0.1 to 30 g / l, and most preferably 1 to 20 g / l, in the case of b) being vegetable oil or ester, 1 to 50 g / l, preferably 5 to 30 g / l, and most preferably 6 to 30 g / l, in the case of b) being drift-reducing polymer, 0.05 to 10 g / l, preferably 0.1 to 8 g / l, and most preferably 0.2 to 6 g / l, and more preferably d) 10 to 180 g / l, preferably 20 to 150 g / l. It is present in an amount of g / l, most preferably 30 to 140 g / l, and even more preferably e) in an amount of 5 to 150 g / l, preferably 10 to 100 g / l, most preferably 20 to 80 g / l.

[0080] In another aspect, the present invention is applicable to the method of administration of the above-mentioned formulation. The formulation is applied at a spray rate of 1 to 30 l / ha, preferably 1 to 20 l / ha, more preferably 2 to 15 l / ha, and most preferably 5 to 15 l / ha. Wherein a) the application rate to crops is preferably 2 to 150 g / ha, more preferably 5 to 120 g / ha, and even more preferably 20 to 100 g / ha.

[0081] Furthermore, in the case where b) is a vegetable oil or an ester of a vegetable oil, the drift reducer b) is preferably applied at a rate of 0.1 g / ha to 50 g / ha, more preferably 1 g / ha to 40 g / ha, and most preferably 5 g / ha to 30 g / ha.

[0082] Furthermore, in the case where b) is a polymer, the drift reducer b) is preferably applied at a rate of 0.01 g / ha to 25 g / ha, more preferably 0.05 g / ha to 10 g / ha, and most preferably 0.1 g / ha to 6 g / ha.

[0083] In contrast to the oils mentioned above that act as drift reducers, the corresponding polymers in this formulation must be present at a higher concentration to prevent them from being sprayed at a higher spray volume later, since dilution has a stronger effect on them.

[0084] Furthermore, the absorbent d) is preferably applied at a rate of 5 g / ha to 150 g / ha, more preferably 7.5 g / ha to 100 g / ha, and most preferably 10 g / ha to 60 g / ha.

[0085] In one implementation, the amount of a) applied to the crop using the above method is 2 to 10 g / ha.

[0086] In another embodiment, the amount of a) applied to the crop using the above method is 40 to 110 g / ha.

[0087] In one embodiment of the above application, the active ingredient (ai) a) is preferably applied at 2 to 150 g / ha, more preferably 5 to 120 g / ha, and even more preferably 20 to 100 g / ha, while the absorbent is preferably applied at 10 g / ha to 100 g / ha, more preferably 20 g / ha to 80 g / ha, and most preferably 40 g / ha to 60 g / ha.

[0088] In particular, the formulations of the present invention can be applied to plants or crops with textured leaf surfaces at a spraying rate of 1 to 20 l / ha, preferably 2 to 15 l / ha, more preferably 5 to 15 l / ha, preferably wheat, barley, rice, rapeseed, soybean (seedlings) and cabbage.

[0089] Furthermore, the present invention relates to a method for treating crops (preferably wheat, barley, rice, rapeseed, soybean (seedlings) and cabbage) with textured leaf surfaces, wherein the spraying volume is 1 to 20 l / ha, preferably 2 to 15 l / ha, and more preferably 5 to 15 l / ha.

[0090] In a preferred embodiment, the above-mentioned preparation is applied to crops with textured leaf surfaces, preferably wheat, barley, rice, rapeseed, soybean (seedlings) and cabbage.

[0091] In one embodiment, the active ingredient is a fungicide, a mixture of two fungicides, or a mixture of three fungicides.

[0092] In another embodiment, the active ingredient is an insecticide, a mixture of two insecticides, or a mixture of three insecticides.

[0093] In another embodiment, the active ingredient is a herbicide or a mixture of two or three herbicides, wherein a safener is preferably a mixing companion in the mixture.

[0094] In one embodiment, the concentration of additives b) to e) in the spray liquid of the agrochemical composition as described herein is [missing information]. Additive b) is in the form of 0.005 to 1 g / L, most preferably 0.04 to 0.6 g / L, wherein b) is a polymer. Additive b) is in the form of 0.01 to 5 g / L, most preferably 0.02 to 2.5 g / L, wherein b) is an oil. Additive d) is 1 to 20 g / L, preferably 2 to 8 g / L. Additive e) is 0.5 to 10 g / l, with 2 to 6 g / l being the most preferred.

[0095] In one embodiment, additives b) to e) are administered at a dosage per ha in the spray liquid of the agrochemical composition as described herein. Additive b) is in the form of 0.05 to 10 g / L, most preferably 0.4 to 6 g / L, wherein b) is a polymer. Additive b) is in the form of 0.1 to 50 g / L, most preferably 0.2 to 30 g / L, wherein b) is oil. Additive d) is 10 to 200 g / l, with the most preferred being 40 to 80 g / l.

[0096] Additive e) is 5 to 100 g / L, most preferably 20 to 60 g / L. In one implementation, the concentration in the formulation, the concentration in the spray liquid, and the dosage of additives b) to e) per hectare are combined in the following manner. Additive b) is present at a concentration of 0.4 to 6 g / L in the formulation and 0.02 to 0.6 g / L in the spray liquid; when b) is a polymer, it is present at a concentration of 0.2 to 6 g / ha. Additive b) is present in the formulation at a concentration of 0.1 to 50 g / L, and in the spray liquid at a concentration of 0.01 to 5 g / L; when b) is a polymer, it is present at a concentration of 0.2 to 30 g / ha. Additive d) is present in formulations at concentrations of 40 to 160 g / L, and in spray liquids at concentrations of 2 to 8 g / L, and 40 to 80 g / L. Additive e) is present in formulations at 20 to 80 g / L, in spray liquids at 1 to 6 g / L, and at 20 to 60 g / ha.

[0097] The corresponding dosage and administration dose of the absorbent (d) in the formulation according to the present invention are as follows: 2 L / ha liquid formulation delivery - 50 g / ha of absorbent contains 25 g / L of absorption enhancer (d).

[0098] - 30 g / ha of absorbent contains 15 g / l of absorption enhancer (d).

[0099] - 12 g / ha absorbent contains 6 g / L absorption enhancer (d).

[0100] - 10 g / ha of absorbent contains 5 g / L of absorption enhancer (d).

[0101] 1 l / ha liquid formulation delivery The 50 g / ha absorbent contains 50 g / L of absorption enhancer (d).

[0102] The 30 g / ha absorbent contains 30 g / L of absorption enhancer (d).

[0103] The 12 g / ha absorbent contains 12 g / L of absorption enhancer (d).

[0104] Each 10 g / ha absorbent contains 10 g / L of absorption enhancer (d).

[0105] Liquid formulation delivery at 0.5 l / ha 50 g / ha of absorbent contains 100 g / L of absorption enhancer (d).

[0106] The 30 g / ha absorbent contains 60 g / L of absorption enhancer (d).

[0107] The 12 g / ha absorbent contains 24 g / L of absorption enhancer (d).

[0108] 10 g / ha of absorbent contains 20 g / L of absorption enhancer (d).

[0109] Liquid formulation delivery at 0.2 l / ha The 50 g / ha absorbent contains 250 g / L of absorption enhancer (d).

[0110] The 30 g / ha absorbent contains 150 g / L of absorption enhancer (d).

[0111] 12 g / ha of absorbent contains 60 g / L of absorption enhancer (d).

[0112] 10 g / ha of absorbent contains 50 g / L of absorption enhancer (d).

[0113] 2 kg / ha solid dosage form delivery 50 g / ha of absorbent contains 25 g / kg of absorption enhancer (d).

[0114] 30 g / ha of absorbent contains 15 g / kg of absorption enhancer (d).

[0115] 12 g / ha of absorbent contains 6 g / kg of absorption enhancer (d).

[0116] 10 g / ha of absorbent contains 5 g / kg of absorption enhancer (d).

[0117] Solid dosage form delivery at 1 kg / ha The 50 g / ha absorbent contains 50 g / kg of absorption enhancer (d).

[0118] The 30 g / ha absorbent contains 30 g / kg of absorption enhancer (d).

[0119] The 12 g / ha absorbent contains 12 g / kg of absorption enhancer (d).

[0120] 10 g / ha of absorbent contains 10 g / kg of absorption enhancer (d).

[0121] Solid dosage form delivery of 0.5 kg / ha 50 g / ha of absorbent contains 100 g / kg of absorption enhancer (d).

[0122] 30 g / ha of absorbent contains 60 g / kg of absorption enhancer (d).

[0123] 12 g / ha of absorbent contains 24 g / kg of absorption enhancer (d).

[0124] 10 g / ha of absorbent contains 20 g / kg of absorption enhancer (d).

[0125] The concentration of absorbent (d) in formulations applied at other dose / hall application rates can be calculated in the same manner.

[0126] In the context of this invention, suitable formulation types are defined as suspension concentrates, aqueous suspensions, emulsions or capsule suspensions, emulsion concentrates, water-dispersible particles, oil dispersions, emulsifiable concentrates, dispersible concentrates, wettable particles, preferably suspension concentrates, aqueous suspensions, emulsions and oil dispersions, wherein in the case of non-aqueous or solid formulations, sprayable formulations are obtained by adding water.

[0127] Active ingredient (a): The active compounds referred to herein by their “generic names” are known and described, for example, in the Pesticide Manual (16th edition, British Crop Protection Council 2012) or can be found on the Internet (e.g., http: / / www.alanwood.net / pesticides). This classification is based on the IRAC mode of action classification scheme applicable at the time of filing of this patent application.

[0128] An example of the fungicide (a) of the present invention is as follows: 1) Ergosterol biosynthesis inhibitors, such as (1.001) cyproconazole, (1.002) diclobutrazole, (1.003) epoxiconazole, (1.004) fenhexamid, (1.005) fenpropidin, (1.006) fenpropimorph, (1.007) fenpyrazamine, (1.008) fluquinconazole, (1.009) flutriafol, (1.010) imazalil, and (1.011) iprodione. sulphate), (1.012) ipconazole, (1.013) metconazole, (1.014) myclobutanil, (1.015) paclobutrazole, (1.016) prochloraz, (1.017) propiconazole, (1.018) prothioconazole, (1.019) pyrisoxazole, (1.020) spiroxamine, (1.021) tebuconazole, (1.022) tetraconazole, (1.023) triadimenol, (1.024) tridemorph, (1.025) tebuconazole triticonazole), (1.026) (1R,2S,5S)-5-(4-chlorobenzyl)-2-chloromethyl-2-methyl-1-(1-H-1,2,4-triazol-1-methylene)cyclopentanol, (1.027) (1S,2R,5R)-5-(4-chlorobenzyl)-2-(chloromethyl)-2-methyl-1-(1-H-1,2,4-triazol-1-methylene)cyclopentanol, (1.028) (2R)-2-(1-chlorocyclopropyl)-4-[( 1R)-2,2-dichlorocyclopropyl]-1-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)but-2-ol, (1.029) (2R)-2-(1-chlorocyclopropyl)-4-[(1S)-2,2-dichlorocyclopropyl]-1-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)but-2-ol, (1.030) (2R)-2-[4-(4-chlorophenoxy)-2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)prop-2-ol, (1.031) (2S)-2-(1-chlorocyclopropyl)-4-[(1R)-2,2-dichlorocyclopropyl]-1-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)but-2-ol, (1.032) (2S)-2-(1-chlorocyclopropyl)-4-[(1S)-2,2-dichlorocyclopropyl]-1-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)but-2-ol, (1.033) (2S)-2-[4-(4-chlorophenoxy)-2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)prop-2-ol, (1.034) (R)-[3-(4-chloro-2-fluorophenyl)-5-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-1,2-oxazol-4-yl](pyridine) (1.035)(S)-[3-(4-chloro-2-fluorophenyl)-5-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-1,2-oxazol-4-yl](pyridin-3-yl)methanol, (1.036)[3-(4-chloro-2-fluorophenyl)-5-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-1,2-oxazol-4-yl](pyridin-3-yl)methanol, (1.037)1-({(2R,4S)-2-[2-chloro-4-(4-chlorophenoxy)phenyl]-4-methyl-1,3-dioxolane-2-yl}methyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole, (1.038)1-({(2S,4S)-2-[2-chloro-4-(4-chlorophenoxy)phenyl]-4-methyl- 1,3-Dioxolane-2-yl(methyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole, (1.039)1-{[3-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)oxetane-2-yl]methyl}-1H-1,2,4-triazole-5-yl thiocyanate, (1.040)1-{[rel(2R,3R)-3-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)oxetane-2-yl]methyl}-1H-1,2,4-triazole-5-yl thiocyanate, (1.041)1-{[rel(2R,3S)-3-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)oxetane-2-yl]methyl}-1H-1,2,4-triazole-5- 2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethylhept-4-yl]-2,4-dihydro-3H-1,2,4-triazol-3-thione, (1.043)2-[(2R,4R,5S)-1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethylhept-4-yl]-2,4-dihydro-3H-1,2,4-triazol-3-thione, (1.044)2-[(2R,4S,5R)-1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethylhept-4-yl]-2,4-dihydro-3H-1,2,4-triazol-3-thione, (1.045) 2-[(2R,4S,5S)-1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethylhept-4-yl]-2,4-dihydro-3H-1,2,4-triazol-3-thione, (1.046) 2-[(2S,4R,5R)-1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethylhept-4-yl]-2,4-dihydro-3H-1,2 4-Triazol-3-thione, (1.047)2-[(2S,4R,5S)-1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethylhept-4-yl]-2,4-dihydro-3H-1,2,4-triazol-3-thione, (1.048)2-[(2S,4S,5R)-1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethylhept-4-yl] -2,4-dihydro-3H-1,2,4-triazol-3-thione, (1.049)2-[(2S,4S,5S)-1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethylhept-4-yl]-2,4-dihydro-3H-1,2,4-triazol-3-thione, (1.050)2-[1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethylhept-4-yl] (1.051) 2-[2-chloro-4-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)phenyl]-1-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)prop-2-ol, (1.052) 2-[2-chloro-4-(4-dichlorophenoxy)phenyl]-1-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)but-2-ol, (1.053) 2-[4-(4-chlorophenoxy)-2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)but-2-ol, (1.054) 2-[4-(4-chlorophenoxy)-2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)pentan-2-ol, (1.055) chlorfluazuron, (1.056) 2-{[3-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)oxacyclopropane-2-yl]methyl}-2,4-dihydro-3H-1,2,4-triazol-3-thione, (1.057) 2-{[rel(2R,3R)-3-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)oxetane-2-yl]methyl}-2,4-dihydro-3H-1,2,4-triazol-3-thione, (1.058) 2-{[rel(2R,3S)-3-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)oxetane-2-yl]methyl}-2,4-dihydro-3H-1,2,4-triazol-3-thione, (1.059) 5-(4-chlorobenzyl)-2-(chloromethyl)-2-methyl-1-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl)cyclopentanol, (1.060) 5-(allylthio)-1-{[3-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)oxetine-2-yl]methyl}-1H-1,2,4-triazole, (1.061) 5-(allylthio)-1-{[rel(2R,3R)-3-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)oxetine-2-yl]methyl}-1H-1,2,4-triazole, (1.062) 5-(allylthio)-1-{[rel(2R,3S)-3-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)oxetine-2-yl]methyl}-1H-1,2,4-triazole, (1.063) N'-(2,5-dimethyl-4-{[3-(1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy)phenyl]thio}phenyl)-N-ethyl-N-methyliminocarboxamide, (1.064) N'-(2,5-dimethyl-4-{[3-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)phenyl]thio}phenyl)-N-ethyl-N-methyliminocarboxamide, (1.065) N'-(2,5-dimethyl-4-{[3-(2,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropoxy)phenyl]thio}phenyl)-N-ethyl-N-methyliminocarboxamide, (1.066) N'-(2,5-dimethyl-4-{[3-(pentafluoroethoxy)phenyl]thio}phenyl)-N-ethyl-N-methyliminocarboxamide, (1.067) N'-(2,5-dimethyl-4-{3-[(1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl)thio]phenoxy}phenyl)-N-ethyl-N-methyliminocarboxamide, (1.068) N'-(2,5-dimethyl-4-{3-[(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)thio]phenoxy}phenyl)-N-ethyl-N-methyliminocarboxamide, (1.069) N'-(2,5-dimethyl-4-{3-[(2,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropyl)thio]phenoxy}phenyl)-N-ethyl-N-methyliminocarboxamide, (1.070) N'-(2,5-dimethyl-4-{3-[(pentafluoroethyl)thio]phenoxy}phenyl)-N-ethyl-N-methyliminocarboxamide, (1.071) N'-(2,5-dimethyl-4-phenoxyphenyl)-N-ethyl-N-methyliminocarboxamide, (1.072) N'-(4-{[3-(difluoromethoxy)phenyl]thio}-2,5-dimethylphenyl)-N-ethyl-N-methyliminocarboxamide, (1.073) N'-(4-{3-[(difluoromethyl)thio]phenoxy}-2,5-dimethylphenyl)-N-ethyl-N-methyliminocarboxamide, (1.074) N'-[5-bromo-6-(2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-yloxy)-2-methylpyridin-3-yl]-N-ethyl-N-methyliminocarboxamide, (1.075) N'-{4-[(4,5-dichloro-1,3-thiazolyl-2-yl)oxy]-2,5-dimethylphenyl}-N-ethyl-N-methyliminocarboxamide, (1.076) N'-{5-bromo-6-[(1R)-1-(3,5-difluorophenyl)ethoxy]-2-methylpyridin-3-yl}-N-ethyl-N-methyliminocarboxamide, (1.077) N'-{5-bromo-6-[(1S)-1-(3,5-difluorophenyl)ethoxy]-2-methylpyridin-3-yl}-N-ethyl-N-methyliminocarboxamide, (1.078) N'-{5-bromo-6-[(cis-4-isopropyl-cyclohexyl)oxy]-2-methylpyridin-3-yl}-N-ethyl-N-methyliminocarboxamide, (1.079) N'-{5-bromo-6-[(trans-4-isopropylcyclohexyl)oxy]-2-methylpyridin-3-yl}-N-ethyl-N-methyliminocarboxamide, (1.080) N'-{5-bromo-6-[1-(3,5-difluorophenyl)ethoxy]-2-methylpyridin-3-yl}-N-ethyl-N-methyliminocarboxamide, (1.081) ipfentrifluconazole, (1.082) 2-[4-(4-chlorophenoxy)-2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)prop-2-ol, (1.083) 2-[6-(4-bromophenoxy)-2-(trifluoromethyl)-3-pyridinyl]-1-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)prop-2-ol, (1.084) 2-[6-(4-chlorophenoxy)-2-(trifluoromethyl)-3-pyridyl]-1-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)prop-2-ol, (1.085) 3-[2-(1-chlorocyclopropyl)-3-(3-chloro-2-fluoro-phenyl)-2-hydroxy-propyl]imidazolium-4-carboxylon, (1.086) 4-[[6-[rac-(2R)-2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-1,1-difluoro-2-hydroxy-3-(5-thionone-4H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)propyl]-3-pyridyl]oxy]benzonitrile, (1.087) N-Isopropyl-N'-[5-methoxy-2-methyl-4-(2,2,2-trifluoro-1-hydroxy-1-phenylethyl)phenyl]-N-methyliminocarboxamide, (1.088) N'-{5-bromo-2-methyl-6-[(1-propoxypropyl-2-yl)oxy]pyridin-3-yl}-N-ethyl-N-methyliminocarboxamide, (1.089) hexaconazole, (1.090) penconazole, (1.091) fenbuconazole.

[0129] 2) Inhibitors of respiratory chain complex I or II, such as (2.001) benzovindiflupyr, (2.002) bixafen, (2.003) boscalid, (2.004) carboxin, (2.005) fluopyram, (2.006) flutolanil, (2.007) fluxapyroxad, (2.008) furamettamid, (2.009) isofetamid, (2.010) isopyrazam (trans epimeric enantiomers 1R, 4S, 9S), and (2.011) isopyrazam. (2.012) isopyrazam (trans-episomeric enantiomers 1S, 4R, 9R), (2.013) isopyrazam (a mixture of cis-episomeric racemics 1RS, 4SR, 9RS and trans-episomeric racemics 1RS, 4SR, 9SR), (2.014) isopyrazam (cis-episomeric enantiomers 1R, 4S, 9R), (2.015) isopyrazam (cis-episomeric enantiomers 1S, 4R, 9S), (2.016) isopyrazam (cis-episomeric racemics 1RS, 4SR, 9RS), (2.017) Penflufen (2.018), Penthiopyrad (2.019), Pydiflumetofen (2.020), Pyraziflumid (2.021), Sedaxane (2.022), 1,3-Dimethyl-N-(1,1,3-trimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-indene-4-yl)-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide (2.023), 1,3-Dimethyl-N-[(3R)-1,1,3-trimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-indene-4-yl]-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide (2.024) 1,3-Dimethyl-N-[(3S)-1,1,3-trimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-4-yl]-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (2.025)1-methyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)-N-[2'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-2-yl]-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (2.026) 2-Fluoro-6-(trifluoromethyl)-N-(1,1,3-trimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-indene-4-yl)benzamide, (2.027) 3-(difluoromethyl)-1-methyl-N-(1,1,3-trimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-indene-4-yl)-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (2.028) inpyrfluxam, (2.029) 3-(difluoromethyl)-1-methyl-N-[(3S)-1,1,3-trimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-indene-4-yl]-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (2.030) fluindapyr, (2.031) 3-(difluoromethyl)-N-[(3R)-7-fluoro-1,1,3-trimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-indene-4-yl]-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (2.032) 3-(difluoromethyl)-N-[(3S)-7-fluoro-1,1,3-trimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-indene-4-yl]-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (2.033) 5,8-difluoro-N-[2-(2-fluoro-4-{[4-(trifluoromethyl)-pyridin-2-yl]oxy}phenyl)ethyl]quinoline-4-amine, (2.034) N-(2-cyclopentyl-5-fluorobenzyl)-N-cyclopropyl-3- (difluoromethyl)-5-fluoro-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (2.035) N-(2-tert-butyl-5-methylbenzyl)-N-cyclopropyl-3-(difluoromethyl)-5-fluoro-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (2.036) N-(2-tert-butylbenzyl)-N-cyclopropyl-3-(difluoromethyl)-5-fluoro-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (2.037) N-(5-chloro-2-ethylbenzyl)-N-cyclopropyl-3-(difluoromethyl)-5-fluoro-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (2.038) isoflucypram, (2.039) N-[(1R,4S)-9-(dichloromethylene)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1,4-methylenenaphthyl-5-yl]-3-(difluoromethyl)-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (2.040) N-[(1S,4R)-9-(dichloromethylene)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1,4-methylenenaphthyl-5-yl]-3-(difluoromethyl)-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (2.041) N-[1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-1-methoxypropyl-2-yl]-3-(difluoromethyl)-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (2.042) N-[2-chloro-6-(trifluoromethyl)benzyl]-N-cyclopropyl-3-(difluoromethyl)-5-fluoro-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (2.043) N-[3-chloro-2-fluoro-6-(trifluoromethyl)benzyl]-N-cyclopropyl-3-(difluoromethyl)-5-fluoro-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (2.044) N-[5-chloro-2-(trifluoromethyl)benzyl]-N-cyclopropyl-3-(difluoromethyl)-5-fluoro-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (2.045) N-cyclopropyl-3-(difluoromethyl)-5-fluoro-1-methyl-N-[5-methyl-2-(trifluoromethyl)benzyl]-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (2.046) N-cyclopropyl-3-(difluoromethyl)-5-fluoro-N-(2-fluoro-6-isopropylbenzyl)-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (2.047) N-Cyclopropyl-3-(difluoromethyl)-5-fluoro-N-(2-isopropyl-5-methylbenzyl)-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (2.048) N-Cyclopropyl-3-(difluoromethyl)-5-fluoro-N-(2-isopropylbenzyl)-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-thiocarboxamide, (2.049) N-Cyclopropyl-3-(difluoromethyl)-5-fluoro-N-(2-isopropylbenzyl)-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (2.050) N-Cyclopropyl-3-(difluoromethyl)-5-fluoro-N-(5-fluoro-2-isopropylbenzyl)-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (2.051) (2.052) N-cyclopropyl-3-(difluoromethyl)-N-(2-ethyl-4,5-dimethylbenzyl)-5-fluoro-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (2.053) N-cyclopropyl-3-(difluoromethyl)-N-(2-ethyl-5-methylbenzyl)-5-fluoro-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (2.054) N-cyclopropyl-N-(2-cyclopropyl-5-fluorobenzyl)-3-(difluoromethyl)-5-fluoro-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (2.055) N-Cyclopropyl-N-(2-Cyclopropyl-5-methylbenzyl)-3-(difluoromethyl)-5-fluoro-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (2.056) N-Cyclopropyl-N-(2-Cyclopropylbenzyl)-3-(difluoromethyl)-5-fluoro-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (2.057) pyrapropoyne, (2.058) N-[rac-(1S,2S)-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)cyclobutyl]-2-(trifluoromethyl)nicotinamide, (2.059) N-[(1S,2S)-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)cyclobutyl]-2-(trifluoromethyl)nicotinamide.

[0130] 3) Respiratory chain complex III inhibitors, such as (3.001) ametoctradin, (3.002) amisulbrom, (3.003) azoxystrobin, (3.004) coumethoxystrobin, (3.005) coumoxystrobin, (3.006) cyazofamid, (3.007) dimoxystrobin, (3.008) enestroburin, (3.009) famoxadone, (3.010) fenamidone, (3.011) flufenoxystrobin, (3.012) fluoxastrobin, (3.013) Kresoxim-methyl (3.014), metominostrobin (3.015), orysastrobin (3.016), picoxystrobin (3.017), piraclostrobin (3.018), pirametostrobin (3.019), piraoxystrobin (3.020), trifloxystrobin (3.021) (2E)-2-{2-[({[(1E)-1-(3-{[(E)-1-fluoro-2-phenylvinyl]oxy}phenyl)ethylene]amino}oxy)methyl]phenyl}-2-(methoxyimino)-N-methylacetamide, (3.022) (2E,3Z)-5-{[1-(4-chlorophenyl)-1H-pyrazol-3-yl]oxy}-2-(methoxyimino)-N,3-dimethylpentan-3-amide, (3.023) (2R)-2-{2-[(2,5-dimethylphenoxy)methyl]phenyl}-2-methoxy-N-methylacetamide, (3.024) (2S)-2-{2-[(2,5-dimethylphenoxy)methyl]phenyl}-2-methoxy-N-methylacetamide, (3.025) fenpicoxamid, (3.026) mandestrobin, (3.027) N-(3-ethyl-3,5,5-trimethylcycloethyl)-3-carboxamide-2-hydroxybenzamide, (3.028) (2E,3Z)-5-{[1-(4-chloro-2-fluorophenyl)-1H-pyrazol-3-yl]oxy}-2-(methoxyimino)-N,3-dimethylpentan-3-amide, (3.029){5-[3-(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]-2-methylbenzyl}methyl carbamate, (3.030) metyltetraprole, (3.031)florylpicoxamid.

[0131] 4) Inhibitors of mitosis and cell division, such as (4.001) carbendazim, (4.002) diethofencarb, (4.003) ethaboxam, (4.004) fluopicolide, (4.005) pencycuron, (4.006) thiabendazole, (4.007) thiophanate-methyl, (4.008) zoxamide, (4.009) pyridachlometyl, (4.010) 3-Chloro-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-4-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-6-methylpyridazine, (4.011) 3-chloro-5-(6-chloropyridin-3-yl)-6-methyl-4-(2,4,6-trifluorophenyl)pyridazine, (4.012) 4-(2-bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-N-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-1,3-dimethyl-1H-pyrazole-5-amine, (4.013) 4-(2-bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-N-(2-bromo-6-fluorophenyl)-1,3-dimethyl-1H-pyrazole-5-amine, (4.014) 4-(2-bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-N-(2-bromophenyl)-1,3-dimethyl-1H-pyrazole-5-amine, (4.015) 4-(2-Bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-N-(2-chloro-6-fluorophenyl)-1,3-dimethyl-1H-pyrazole-5-amine, (4.016) 4-(2-Bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-N-(2-chlorophenyl)-1,3-dimethyl-1H-pyrazole-5-amine, (4.017) 4-(2-Bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-N-(2-fluorophenyl)-1,3-dimethyl-1H-pyrazole-5-amine, (4.018) 4-(2-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)-N-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-1,3-diphenyl-1H-pyrazole-5-amine, (4.019) 4-(2-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)-N-(2-chloro-6-fluorophenyl)-1,3-dimethyl-1H-pyrazole-5-amine, (4.020) 4-(2-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)-N-(2-chlorophenyl)-1,3-dimethyl-1H-pyrazole-5-amine, (4.021) 4-(2-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)-N-(2-fluorophenyl)-1,3-dimethyl-1H-pyrazole-5-amine, (4.022) 4-(4-chlorophenyl)-5-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-3,6-dimethylpyridazine, (4.023) N-(2-bromo-6-fluorophenyl)-4-(2-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)-1,3-dimethyl-1H-pyrazole-5-amine, (4.024) N-(2-bromophenyl)-4-(2-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)-1,3-dimethyl-1H-pyrazole-5-amine, (4.025) N-(4-chloro-2,6-difluorophenyl)-4-(2-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)-1,3-dimethyl-1H-pyrazole-5-amine, (4.026) fluopimomide.

[0132] 5) Compounds with multi-site activity, such as (5.001) Bordeaux mixture, (5.002) captafol, (5.003) captan, (5.004) chlorothalonil, (5.005) copper hydroxide, (5.006) copper naphthenate, (5.007) copper oxide, (5.008) copper oxychloride, (5.009) copper(2+) sulfate, (5.010) dithianon, (5.011) dodine, (5.012) folpet, (5.013) mancozeb, (5.014) (5.015) Mancozeb, (5.016) Metiram zinc, (5.017) Oxine-copper, (5.018) Propineb, (5.019) Sulfur and sulfur preparations including calcium polysulfides, (5.020) Thiram, (5.021) Ziram, (5.022) Ziram, (5.023) 6-Ethyl-5,7-dioxo-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[3',4':5,6][1,4]dithiainro[2,3-c][1,2]thiazolyl-3-carboxylonitrile.

[0133] 6) Compounds that can induce host defense, such as (6.001) acibenzolar-S-methyl, (6.002) isothiazine, (6.003) probenazole, and (6.004) tiadinil.

[0134] 7) Inhibitors of amino acid and / or protein biosynthesis, such as (7.001) cyprodinil, (7.002) kasugamycin, (7.003) kasugamycin hydrochloride hydrate, (7.004) oxytetracycline, (7.005) pyrimethanil, and (7.006) 3-(5-fluoro-3,3,4,4-tetramethyl-3,4-dihydroisoquinoline-1-yl)quinoline.

[0135] 8) ATP production inhibitors, such as (8.001) silthiofam.

[0136] 9) Inhibitors of cell wall synthesis, such as (9.001) benthiavalicarb, (9.002) dimethomorph, (9.003) flumorph, (9.004) iprovalicarb, (9.005) mandipropamid, (9.006) pyrimorph, (9.007) valifenalate, (9.008) (2E)-3-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-3-(2-chloropyridin-4-yl)-1-(morpholin-4-yl)prop-2-en-1-one, and (9.009) (2Z)-3-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-3-(2-chloropyridin-4-yl)-1-(morpholin-4-yl)prop-2-en-1-one.

[0137] 10) Inhibitors of lipid and membrane synthesis, such as (10.001) propamocarb, (10.002) propamocarb hydrochloride, and (10.003) tolclofos-methyl.

[0138] 11) Inhibitors of melanin biosynthesis, such as (11.001) tricyclazole and (11.002) tolprocarb.

[0139] 12) Nucleic acid synthesis inhibitors, such as (12.001) benalaxyl, (12.002) benalaxyl-M, kiralaxyl, (12.003) metalaxyl, (12.004) high-efficiency metalaxyl-M (mefenoxam).

[0140] 13) Signal transduction inhibitors, such as (13.001) fludioxonil, (13.002) iprodione, (13.003) procymidone, (13.004) proquinazid, (13.005) quinoxyfen, and (13.006) vinclozolin.

[0141] 14) Compounds that can act as uncoupling agents, such as (14.001) fluazinam and (14.002) meptyldinocap.

[0142] 15) Other fungicides selected from (15.001) abscisic acid, (15.002) bethoxazin, (15.003) capsimycin, (15.004) carvone, (15.005) chinomethionat, (15.006) cufraneb, (15.007) cyflufenamid, (15.008) cymoxanil, (15.009) cymoxanil, (15.010) cyprosulfamide, (15.011) (15.012) foseyl-aluminium, (15.013) foseyl-calcium, (15.014) foseyl-sodium, (15.015) methyl isothiocyanate, (15.016) metrafenon, (15.017) mildiomycin, (15.018) natamycin, (15.019) nickel dimethyldithiocarbamate, (15.020) nitrothal-isopropyl, (15.021) oxamocarb, (15.022) oxathiapiprolin, (15.023) oxyfenthiin, (15.024) pentachlorophenol and its salts, (15.025) phosphorous acid and its salts, (15.026) propamocarb-fosetylate, (15.027) pyriofenone (chlazafenone), (15.028) tebufloquin, (15.029) tecloftalam, (15.030) tolnifanide, (15.031) 1-(4-{4-[(5R)-5-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1,2-oxazol-3-yl]-1,3-thiazolyl}piperidin-1-yl)-2-[5-methyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl] acetone, (15.032) 1-(4-{4-[(5S)-5-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1,2-oxazol-3-yl]-1,3-thiazolyl}piperidin-1-yl)-2-[5-methyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]acetone, (15.033) 2-(6-benzylpyridin-2-yl)quinazoline, (15.034) dipymetitrone, (15.035) 2-[3,5-bis(difluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazole-1-yl]-1-[4-(4-{5-[2-prop-2-yn-1-yloxy)phenyl]-4,5-dihydro-1,2-oxazol-3-yl}-1,3-thiazol-2-yl)piperidin-1-yl]acetone, (15.036) 2-[3,5-bis(difluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazole-1-yl]-1-[4-(4-{5-[2-chloro-6-(prop-2-yn-1-yloxy)phenyl]-4,5-dihydro-1,2-oxazol-3-yl}-1,3-thiazol-2-yl)piperidin-1-yl]acetone, (15.037) 2-[3,5-bis(difluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]-1-[4-(4-{5-[2-fluoro-6-(prop-2-yn-1-yloxy)phenyl]-4,5-dihydro-1,2-oxazol-3-yl}-1,3-thiazolyl)piperidin-1-yl]acetone, (15.038) 2-[6-(3-fluoro-4-methoxyphenyl)-5-methylpyridin-2-yl]quinazolin, (15.039) 2-{(5R)-3-[2-(1-{[3,5-bis(difluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]acetyl}piperidin-4-yl)-1,3-thiazolyl]-4,5-dihydro-1,2-oxazol-5-yl}-3-chlorophenylmethanesulfonate, (15.040) 2-{(5S)-3-[2-(1-{[3,5-bis(difluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]acetyl}piperidin-4-yl)-1,3-thiazo-4-yl]-4,5-dihydro-1,2-oxazol-5-yl}-3-chlorophenylmethanesulfonate, (15.041)Ipflufenoquin, (15.042)2-{2-fluoro-6-[(8-fluoro-2-methylquinolin-3-yl)oxy]phenyl}prop-2-ol, (15.043)fluoxapiprolin, (15.044) 2-{3-[2-(1-{[3,5-bis(difluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]acetyl}piperidin-4-yl)-1,3-thiazolyl-4-yl]-4,5-dihydro-1,2-oxazol-5-yl}phenylmethanesulfonate, (15.045)2-phenylphenol and its salts, (15.046)3-(4,4,5-trifluoro-3,3-dimethyl-3,4-dihydroisoquinoline-1-yl)quinoline, (15.047)quinofumelin, (15.048) 4-Amino-5-fluoropyrimidin-2-ol (tautomer form: 4-amino-5-fluoropyrimidin-2(1H)-one), (15.049) 4-oxo-4-[(2-phenylethyl)amino]butyric acid, (15.050) 5-amino-1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-thiol, (15.051) 5-chloro-N'-phenyl-N'-(prop-2-yn-1-yl)thiophene-2-sulfonylhydrazine, (15.052) 5-fluoro-2-[(4-fluorobenzyl)oxy]pyrimidin-4-amine, (15.053) 5-fluoro-2-[(4-methylbenzyl)oxy]pyrimidin-4-amine, (15.054) 9-Fluoro-2,2-dimethyl-5-(quinolin-3-yl)-2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzoxazheptanine, (15.055){6-[({[(Z)-(1-methyl-1H-tetrazol-5-yl)(phenyl)methylene]amino}oxy)methyl]pyridin-2-yl}carbamate butyl-3-yn-1-yl ester, (15.056) (2Z)-3-amino-2-cyano-3-phenyl acrylate ethyl ester, (15.057) phenazin-1-carboxylic acid, (15.058) propyl 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate, (15.059) quinolin-8-ol, (15.060) quinolin-8-ol sulfate (2:1), (15.061) {6-[({[(1-methyl-1H-tetrazol-5-yl)(phenyl)methylene]amino}oxy)methyl]pyridin-2-yl}tert-butyl carbamate, (15.062) 5-fluoro-4-imino-3-methyl-1-[(4-methylphenyl)sulfonyl]-3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-one, (15.063) aminopyrifen, (15.064) (N'-[2-chloro-4-(2-fluorophenoxy)-5-methylphenyl]-N-ethyl-N-methyliminocarbamate), (15.065) (N'-(2-chloro-5-methyl-4-phenoxyphenyl)-N-ethyl-N-methyliminocarbamate), (15.066) (2-{2-[(7,8-difluoro-2-methylquinolin-3-yl)oxo]-6-fluorophenyl}prop-2-ol), (15.067) (5-bromo-1-(5,6-dimethylpyridin-3-yl)-3,3-dimethyl-3,4-dihydroisoquinoline), (15.068) (3-(4,4-difluoro-5,5-dimethyl-4,5-dihydrothieno[2,3-c]pyridin-7-yl)quinoline), (15.069) (1-(4,5-dimethyl-1H-benzimidazol-1-yl)-4,4-difluoro-3,3-dimethyl-3,4-dihydroisoquinoline), (15.070) 8-fluoro-3-(5-fluoro-3,3-dimethyl-3,4-dihydroisoquinoline-1-yl)quinolone, (15.071) 8-fluoro-3-(5-fluoro-3,3,4,4-tetramethyl-3,4-dihydroisoquinoline-1-yl)quinolone, (15.072) 3-(4,4-difluoro-3,3-dimethyl-3,4-dihydroisoquinoline-1-yl)-8-fluoroquinoline, (15.073) (N-methyl-N-phenyl-4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]benzamide), (15.074) methyl 4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl}carbamate, (15.075) (N-{4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]benzyl}cyclopropanecarbamate), (15.076) N-Methyl-4-(5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]benzamide, (15.077) N-[(E)-methoxyimino-methyl]-4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]benzamide, (15.078) N-[(Z)-methoxyiminomethyl]-4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]benzamide, (15.079) N-[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]cyclopropaneformamide, (15.080) N-(2-fluorophenyl)-4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]benzamide, (15.081) 2,2-difluoro-N-methyl-2-[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]acetamide, (15.082) N-allyl-N-[[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)phenyl]methyl]acetamide, (15.083) N-[(E)-N-methoxy-C-methyl-carbonimide]-4-(5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]benzamide, (15.084) N-[(Z)-N-methoxy-C-methyl-carbonimide]-4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]benzamide, (15.085) N-allyl-N-[[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]propionamide, (15.086) 4,4-dimethyl-1-[[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]pyrrolidone-2-one, (15.087) N-methyl-4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenylthiocarboxamide, (15.088) 5-Methyl-1-[[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]pyrrolidone-2-one, (15.089) N-((2,3-difluoro-4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]-3,3,3-trifluoropropionamide, (15.090) 1-methoxy-1-methyl-3-[[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]urea, (15.091) 1,1-diethyl-3-[[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]urea, (15.092) N-[[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]propionamide, (15.093) N-methoxy-N-[[4-[5- (trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]cyclopropane formamide, (15.094) 1-methoxy-3-methyl-1-[[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]urea, (15.095) N-methoxy-N-[[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]cyclopropane formamide, (15.096) N,2-dimethoxy-N-[[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]propionamide, (15.097) N-Ethyl-2-methyl-N-[[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)phenyl]methyl]propionamide, (15.098) 1-Methoxy-3-methyl-1-[[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]urea, (15.099) 1,3-Dimethoxy-1-[[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]urea, (15.100) 3-Ethyl-1-methoxy-1-[[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]urea, (15.101) 1-[[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]piperidin-2-one, (15.102) 4,4-dimethyl-2-[[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]-methyl]isoxazolidine-3-one, (15.103) 5,5-dimethyl-2-[[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]isoxazolidine-3-one, (15.104) 3,3-dimethyl-1-[[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]piperidin-2-one, (15.105) 1-[[3-fluoro-4-(5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]-phenyl]methyl]azacyclohepta-2-one, (15.106) 4,4-Dimethyl-2-[[4-(5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]isoxazol-3-one, (15.107) 5,5-Dimethyl-2-[[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]isoxazol-3-one, (15.108) 1-{4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]benzyl}-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester, (15.109) N,N-Dimethyl-1-{4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]benzyl}-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-amine, (15.110) N-{2,3-difluoro-4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]benzyl}butyramide, (15.111) N-(1-methylcyclopropyl)-4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]benzamide, (15.112) N-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]benzamide, (15.113) 1-(5,6-dimethylpyridin-3-yl)-4,4-difluoro-3,3-dimethyl-3,4-dihydroisoquinoline, (15.114) 1-(6-(difluoromethyl)-5-methyl-pyridin-3-yl)-4,4-difluoro-3,3-dimethyl-3,4-dihydroisoquinoline, (15.115) 1-(5-(fluoromethyl)-6-methyl-pyridin-3-yl)-4,4-difluoro-3,3-dimethyl-3,4-dihydroisoquinoline, (15.116) 1-(6-(difluoromethyl)-5-methoxy-pyridin-3-yl)-4,4-difluoro-3,3-dimethyl-3,4-dihydroisoquinoline, (15.117) 4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyldimethyl-amino acid methyl ester, (15.118) N-{4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl}propionamide, (15.119) 3-[2-(1-{[5-methyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]acetyl}piperidin-4-yl)-1,3-thiazo-4-yl]-1,5-dihydro-2,4-benzodioxane-heptene-6-yl methanesulfonate, (15.120) 9-fluoro-3-[2-(1-{[5-methyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]acetyl}piperidin-4-yl)-1,3-thiazo-4-yl]-1,5-dihydro-2,4-benzodioxane-heptene-6-yl methanesulfonate, (15.121) 3-[2-(1-{[3,5-bis(difluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]acetyl}piperidin-4-yl)-1,3-thiazo-4-yl]-1,5-dihydro-2,4-benzodioxane-heptene-6-yl methanesulfonate, (15.122) 3-[2-(1-{[3,5-bis(difluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]acetyl}piperidin-4-yl)-1,3-thiazo-4-yl]-9-fluoro-1,5-dihydro-2,4-benzodioxane-heptene-6-yl methanesulfonate, (15.123) 1-(6,7-dimethylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyridin-3-yl)-4,4-difluoro-3,3-dimethyl-3,4-dihydroisoquinoline, (15.124) 8-fluoro-N-(4,4,4-trifluoro-2-methyl-1-phenylbut-2-yl)quinoline-3-carboxamide, (15.125) 8-fluoro-N-[(2S)-4,4,4-trifluoro-2-methyl-1-phenylbut-2-yl]quinoline-3-carboxamide, (15.126) N-(2,4-dimethyl-1-phenylpent-2-yl)-8-fluoroquinoline-3-carboxamide, and (15.127) N-[(2S)-2,4-dimethyl-1-phenylpent-2-yl)-8-fluoroquinoline-3-carboxamide.

[0143] An example of the insecticide (a) according to the present invention is: (1) Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors, such as carbamates: alanycarb, aldicarb, bendiocarb, benfuracarb, butocarboxim, butoxycarboxim, carbaryl, carbofuran, carbosulfan, ethiofencarb, fenobucarb, and formetanate. ), furathiocarb, isoprocarb, methiocarb, methomyl, metolcarb, oxamyl, pirimicarb, propoxur, thiodicarb, thiofanox, triazamate, trimethacarb, XMC, and xylylcarb; or organophosphates: acephate, azamethiprid. s), azinphos-ethyl, azinphos-methyl, cadusafos, chlorethoxyfos, chlorfenvinphos, chlormephos, chlorpyrifos-methyl, coumaphos, cyanophos, demeton-S-methyl, diazinon, dichlorvos / DDVP, dirotophos s), dimethoate, dimethylvinphos, disulphoton, EPN, ethion, ethoprophos, famphur, fenamiphos, fenitrothion, fenthion, fosthiazate, heptenophos, imicyafos, isofenphos, isopropyl O-(methoxyaminothiophosphoryl)salicylateO- (methoxyaminothiophosphoryl) salicylate, isoxathion, malathion, mecarbam, methamidophos, methidathion, mevinphos, monocotophos, naled, omethoate, oxydemeton-methyl, parathion-methyl, phenthoate, phorate, phosalone, phosmet, phosphamidon, phoxim The following are listed: xim, pyrimiphos-methyl, profenofos, propetamphos, prothiofos, pyraclofos, pyridaphenthion, quinalphos, sulfotep, tebupirimfos, temephos, terbufos, tetrachlorvinphos, thiometon, triazophos, trichlorfon, and vamidothion.

[0144] (2) GABA-gated chloride channel blockers, preferably cyclopentadiene-organochlorines selected from chlordane and endosulfan; or phenylpyrazoles (fiproles) selected from ethiprole and fipronil.

[0145] (3) Sodium channel modulators / voltage-dependent sodium channel blockers, such as pyrethroids, including acrinathrin, allethrin, d-cis-trans allethrin, d-trans allethrin, bifenthrin, bioallethrin, and bioallethrin s-cyclopentenyl isomer. isomer, bioresmethrin, cycloprothrin, cyfluthrin, beta-cyfluthrin, cyhalothrin, lambda-cyhalothrin, gamma-cyhalothrin, cypermethrin, alpha-cypermethrin, beta-cypermethrin, theta-cypermethrin, zeta-cypermethrin, cyphenothrin (1R-trans isomers), deltamethrin, empenthrin ((EZ)-1R isomers). [(EZ)-(1R)-isomers]), esfenvalerate, etofenprox, fenpropathrin, fenvalerate, flucythrinate, flumethrin, tau-fluvalinate, hallenprox, imiprothrin, kadethrin, momfluorothrin,Permethrin, phenothrin (1R-trans isomer), prallethrin, pyrethrins, resmethrin, silafluofen, tefluthrin, tetramethrin, tralomethrin [(1R)-isomer], and transfluthrin, or DDT or methoxychlor.

[0146] (4) Competitive modulators of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR), preferably neonicotinoids selected from acetamiprid, clothianidin, dinotefuran, imidacloprid, nitenpyram, thiacloprid, and thiamethoxam; or nicotine; or sulfoximines selected from sulfoxaflor; or butenolids selected from flupyradifurone; or mesoionics selected from triflumezopyrim.

[0147] (5) Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) allosteric modulator (site I), preferably spinosycins, selected from spinosycin and spinosad.

[0148] (6) Glutamate-gated chloride channel (GluCl) allosteric modulator, preferably avermectins / milbemycins, selected from abamectin, emamectin benzoate, lepimectin and milbemycin.

[0149] (7) Juvenile hormone analogs, preferably juvenile hormone analogs, selected from hydroprene, kinoprene and methoprene, or fenoxycarb or pyriproxifen.

[0150] (8) Various non-specific (multi-site) inhibitors, preferably halogenated hydrocarbons selected from methyl bromide and other halogenated hydrocarbons, or chloropicrine or sulfuryl fluoride or borax or tartar emetic or methyl isocyanate activators selected from diazomet and metam.

[0151] (9) String instrument TRPV channel modulator, selected from pymetrozin and pyrifluquinazon.

[0152] (10) Mite growth inhibitors selected from clofentezine, hexythiazox, diflovidazin and etoxazole.

[0153] (11) Microbial disruptors of insect intestinal membranes, selected from Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. Israel (Bt). Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies israelensis ), Bacillus spheroides ( Bacillus sphaericus Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. niger ( Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies aizawai ), Bacillus thuringiensis Kurstak subspecies ( Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies kurstaki ), Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. mealybug ( Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies tenebrionis ), and Bt plant proteins selected from Cry1Ab, Cry1Ac, Cry1Fa, Cry1A.105, Cry2Ab, Vip3A, mCry3A, Cry3Ab, Cry3Bb and Cry34Ab1 / 35Ab1.

[0154] (12) Mitochondrial ATP synthase inhibitors, preferably ATP interfering agents selected from diafenthiuron; or organotin compounds selected from azocyclotin, cyhexatin, fenbutatin-oxide; or propargite or tetradifon.

[0155] (13) Oxidative phosphoric acid uncoupling agents that function by disrupting the proton gradient, selected from chlorfenapyr, dinitrocresol (DNOC) and sulfluramid.

[0156] (14) Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor channel blockers, such as bensultap, cartap-hydrochloride, thiocylam, and thiosultap-sodium.

[0157] (15) Type O chitin biosynthesis inhibitors selected from bistrifluron, chlofluazuron, diflubenzuron, flucycloxuron, flufenoxuron, hexaflumuron, lufenuron, novaluron, noviflumuron, teflubenzuron, and triflumuron.

[0158] (16) Type I chitin biosynthesis inhibitor, selected from buprofezin.

[0159] (17) Molting interference agents (especially Diptera, i.e., Diptera insects), selected from cyromazine.

[0160] (18) Ecdysone receptor agonists selected from chromafenozid, halofenozid, methoxyfenozid and tebufenozid.

[0161] (19) Octopus amine receptor agonist, selected from amitraz.

[0162] (20) Inhibitors of electron transfer in mitochondrial complex III, selected from hydramethylnone, acequinocyl and fluacrypyrim.

[0163] (21) Mitochondrial complex I electron transfer inhibitor, preferably a so-called METI acaricide selected from fenazaquin, fenpyroximat, pyrimidifen, pyridaben, tebufenpyrad, and tolfenpyrad, or rotenone (Derris).

[0164] (22) Potential-dependent sodium channel blockers, selected from indoxacarb and metaflumizone.

[0165] (23) An acetyl-CoA carboxylase inhibitor, preferably a tetronic and tetramicacid derivative selected from spirodiclofen, spiromesifen, spirotetramat, and spidoxamate (IUPAC name: 1l-(4-chloro-2,6-methylbenzyl)-12-hydroxy-1,4-dioxa-9-azadispiro[4.2.4.2]tetradecyl-11-en-10-one).

[0166] (24) An inhibitor of electron transfer in mitochondrial complex IV, preferably a phosphide selected from aluminum phosphide, calcium phosphide, phosphine and zinc phosphide; or a cyanide selected from calcium cyanide, potassium cyanide and sodium cyanide.

[0167] (25) An inhibitor of electron transfer in mitochondrial complex II, preferably a beta-ketonitrile derivative selected from cyenopyrafen and cyflumetofen; or a carboxanilide selected from pyflubumide.

[0168] (28) A ryanodin receptor modulator, preferably a diamide selected from chlorantraniliprol, cyantraniliprol and flubendiamid.

[0169] (29) A string modulator (with an uncertain target) selected from flonicamid.

[0170] (30) Other active compounds selected from Acynonapyr, Afidopyropen, Afoxolaner, Azadirachtin, Benclothiaz, Benzoximat, Benzpyrimoxan, Bifenazat, Broflanilid, Bromopropylat, Chinomethionat, Chloroprallethrin, Cryolit, Cyclaniliprol, Cyclopyr Xaprid, Cyhalodiamid, Diclofenac-methyl, Dicoflurazole, Dicoflurazole, Epsilon-Metofluthrin, Epsilon-Momfluthrin, Flometoquin, Fluazaindolizin, Fluensulfon, Flufenerim, Flufenoxystrobin, Flufiprol Fluhexafon, Fluopyram, Flupyrimin, Flularananer, Fluxametamid, Fufenozid, Guadipyr, Heptafluthrin, Imidaclothiz, Iprodione, Isocycloseram, kappa-Bifenthrin, kappa-Tefluthrin, Lotilaner Meperfluthrin, Oxazosulfyl, Paichongding, Pyridalyl, Pyrifluquinazon, Pyriminostrobin, Spirobudiclofen, Spiropidion, Tetramethylfluthrin, Tetraniliprol, Tetrachlorantraniliprol, Tigolaner, TioxazafenThiofluoximat and iodomethan; Bacillus thuringiensis (, Bacillus firmusThe product (I-1582, BioNeem, Votivo), and the following compounds: 1-{2-fluoro-4-methyl-5-[(2,2,2-trifluoroethane)sulfinyl]phenyl}-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-amine (as known from WO2006 / 043635) (CAS 885026-50-6), {1'-[(2E)-3-(4-chlorophenyl)prop-2-yn-1-yl]-5-fluorospiro[indol-3,4'-piperidin]-1(2H)-yl}(2-chloropyridin-4-yl) methyl ketone (as known from WO 2003 / 106457) (CAS637360-23-7), 2-chloro-N-[2-{1-[(2E)-3-(4-chlorophenyl) [Prop-2-yn-1-yl]piperidin-4-yl}-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]isonicotinamide (as known from WO 2006 / 003494) (CAS 872999-66-1), 3-(4-chloro-2,6-dimethylphenyl)-4-hydroxy-8-methoxy-1,8-diazaspirocyclic[4.5]dec-3-en-2-one (as known from WO 2010 / 052161) (CAS 1225292-17-0), 3-(4-chloro-2,6-dimethylphenyl)-8-methoxy-2-oxo-1,8-diazaspirocyclic[4.5]dec-3-en-4-yl ethane carbonate (as known from EP 2647626) (CAS 1440516-42-6), 4-(but-2-yn-1-oxy)-6-(3,5-dimethylpiperidin-1-yl)-5-fluoropyrimidine (as known from WO 2004 / 099160) (CAS 792914-58-0), PF1364 (as known from JP 2010 / 018586) (CAS Reg No. 1204776-60-2), (3E)-3-[1-[(6-chloro-3-pyridinyl)methyl]-2-pyridylidene]-1,1,1-trifluoro-prop-2-one (as known from WO 2013 / 144213) (CAS1461743-15-6), N-[3-(benzyloxycarbonyl)-4-chlorophenyl]-1-methyl3-(pentafluoroethyl)-4- (trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxamide (as known from WO 2010 / 051926) (CAS 1226889-14-0), 5-bromo-4-chloro-N-[4-chloro-2-methyl-6-(methylcarbamoyl)phenyl]-2-(3-chloro-2-pyridyl)pyrazole-3-carboxamide (as known from CN 103232431) (CAS 1449220-44-3), 4-[5-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-4,[5-Dihydro-5-(trifluoromethyl)-3-isoxazolyl]-2-methyl-N-(cis-1-oxono-3-thiecyclobutyl)-benzamide, 4-[5-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-5-(trifluoromethyl)-3-isoxazolyl]-2-methyl-N-(trans-1-oxono-3-thiecyclobutyl)-benzamide and 4-[(5S)-5-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-5-(trifluoromethyl)-3-isoxazolyl]-2-methyl-N-(cis-1-oxono-3-thiecyclobutyl)-benzamide (as known from WO 2013 / 050317 A1) (CAS) 1332628-83-7), N-[3-chloro-1-(3-pyridinyl)-1H-pyrazol-4-yl]-N-ethyl-3-[(3,3,3-trifluoropropyl)sulfinyl]-propionamide, (+)-N-[3-chloro-1-(3-pyridinyl)-1H-pyrazol-4-yl]-N-ethyl-3-[(3,3,3-trifluoropropyl)sulfinyl]-propionamide and (-)-N-[3-chloro-1-(3-pyridinyl)-1H-pyrazol-4-yl]-N-ethyl-3-[(3,3,3-trifluoropropyl)sulfinyl]-propionamide (as known from WO 2013 / 162715 A2, WO 2013 / 162716 A2, US 2014 / 0213448 A1) (CAS) 1477923-37-7), 5-[[(2E)-3-chloro-2-propen-1-yl]amino]-1-[2,6-dichloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-4-[(trifluoromethyl)sulfinyl]-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylonitrile (as known from CN 101337937 A) (CAS 1105672-77-2), 3-bromo-N-[4-chloro-2-methyl-6-[(methylamino)carboxylic acid]phenyl]-1-(3-chloro-2-pyridyl)-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxamide, (Liudaibenjiaxuanan, as known from CN 103109816 A) (CAS 1232543-85-9); N-[4-chloro-2-[[(1,1-dimethylethyl)amino]carbonyl]-6-methylphenyl]-1-(3-chloro-2-pyridyl)-3-(fluoromethoxy)-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxamide (as known from WO 2012 / 034403 A1) (CAS 1268277-22-0), N-[2-(5-amino-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)-4-chloro-6-methylphenyl]-3-bromo-1-(3-chloro-2-pyridyl)-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxamide (as known from WO 2011 / 085575 A1) (CAS 1233882-22-8), 4-[3-[2,6-dichloro-4-[(3,3-Dichloro-2-propen-1-yl)oxy]phenoxy]propoxy]-2-methoxy-6-(trifluoromethyl)-pyrimidine (as known from CN 101337940 A) (CAS 1108184-52-6); (2E)- and 2(Z)-2-[2-(4-benzonitrile)-1-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethylidene]-N-[4-(difluoromethoxy)phenyl]-hydrazinoamide (as known from CN 101715774 A) (CAS 1232543-85-9); 3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethyl-4-(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)phenyl-cyclopropionate (as known from CN103524422 A) (CAS 1542271-46-4); (4aS)-7-chloro-2,5-dihydro-2-[[(methyl ester)[4-[(trifluoromethyl)thio]phenyl]amino]carbonyl]-indo[1,2-e][1,3,4]oxadiazine-4a(3H)-carboxylic acid methyl ester (as known from CN102391261 A) (CAS 1370358-69-2); 6-deoxy-3-O-ethyl-2,4-di-O-methyl-, 1-[N-[4-[1-[4-(1,1,2,2,2-pentafluoroethoxy)phenyl]-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl]phenyl]carbamate]-α-L-mannopyranose (as known from US 2014 / 0275503 A1) (CAS 1181213-14-8); 8-(2-Cyclopropylmethoxy-4-trifluoromethyl-phenoxy)-3-(6-trifluoromethyl-pyridazin-3-yl)-3-thiazolidinyl-bicyclool[3.2.1]octane (CAS 1253850-56-4), (8-trans)-8-(2-Cyclopropylmethoxy-4-trifluoromethyl-phenoxy)-3-(6-trifluoromethyl-pyridazin-3-yl)-3-thiazolidinyl-bicyclool[3.2.1]octane (CAS 933798-27-7), (8-cis)-8-(2-Cyclopropylmethoxy-4-trifluoromethyl-phenoxy)-3-(6-trifluoromethyl-pyridazin-3-yl)-3-thiazolidinyl-bicyclool[3.2.1]octane (from WO 2007 / 040280 A1, WO 2007 / 040282 A1 (CAS 934001-66-8), N-[3-chloro-1-(3-pyridinyl)-1H-pyrazol-4-yl]-N-ethyl-3-[(3,3,3-trifluoropropyl)thio]-propionamide (from WO 2015 / 058021 A1,WO 2015 / 058028 A1 (CAS 1477919-27-9) and N-[4-(methoxyamino)-2-methyl-6-[(methylamino)carbonyl]phenyl]-3-bromo-1-(3-chloro-2-pyridyl)-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxamide (as known from CN103265527 A) (CAS 1452877-50-7), 5-(1,3-dioxane-2-yl)-4-[[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]methoxy]pyrimidine (as known from WO 2013 / 115391 A1) (CAS 1449021-97-9), 3-(4-chloro-2,6-dimethylphenyl)-8-methoxy-1-methyl-1,8-diazaspirocyclic[4,5]decane-2,4-dione (as known from WO 2014 / 187846 A1 (CAS 1638765-58-8), 3-(4-chloro-2,6-dimethylphenyl)-8-methoxy-1-methyl-2-oxy-1,8-diazaspirocyclo[4.5]dec-3-en-4-yl-ethyl carbonate (from O 2010 / 066780 A1, WO2011151146 A1) (CAS1229023-00-0), 4-[(5S)-5-(3,5-dichloro-4-fluorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-5-(trifluoromethyl)-3-isoxazolyl]-N-[(4R)-2-ethyl-3-oxy-4-isoxazolyl]-2-methylbenzamide (from WO 2011 / 067272, WO2013 / 050302) (CAS 1309959-62-3).

[0171] Herbicides a) Examples according to the present invention include: Acetochlor, acifluorfen, acifluorfen-sodium, aclonifen, alachlor, allidochlor, alloxydim, alloxydim-sodium, ametryn, amicabazone, amidochlor, amidosulfuron, 4-amino-3-chloro-5-fluoro-6-(7-fluoro) -1H-Indole-6-yl)pyridine-2-carboxylic acid, aminocyclopyrachlor, aminocyclopyrachlor-potassium, aminocyclopyrachlor-methyl, aminopyralid, amitrol, ammonium sulfamate, anilofos, asulam, atrazine, azafenidin, tetracycline Azimsulfuron, beflubutamid, benzolin, benzolin-ethyl, benzfluralin, benzurestate, benzsulfuron-methyl, benzulide, benzalkonium chloride, benzalkonium chloride, benzobicyclon, benzofenap, bicyclopyrone Herbicides including cyprodinium, bifenox, bilanafos, bilanafos-sodium, bispyribac, bispyribac-sodium, bixlozone, bromacil, bromobutide, bromofenoxim, bromooxynil, bromooxynil-butyrate, potassium bromide, heptaester and octanoate, busoxinone, and butachlor.Butafenacil, butamifos, butenachlor, butralin, butroxydim, butylate, cafenstrole, carbetamide, carfentrazone, chloramben, chlorbromuron, 1-{2-chloro-3-[(3-cyclopropyl-5-hydroxy-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole- [4-yl)carbonyl]-6-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl}piperidin-2-one, 4-{2-chloro-3-[(3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)methyl]-4-(methanesulfonyl)benzoyl}-1,3-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl-1,3-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-4-carboxylate, chlorfenac, chlorfenac-sodium, chlorfenprop, chlorflurenol-methyl, chloridazon, chlorimuron-methyl ron), chlorimuron-ethyl, 2-[2-chloro-4-(methanesulfonyl)-3-(morpholin-4-ylmethyl)benzoyl]-3-hydroxycyclohexane-2-en-1-one, 4-{2-chloro-4-(methanesulfonyl)-3-[(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)methyl]benzoyl}-1-ethyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl-1,3-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-4-carboxylate, chlorophthalim, chlorotoluron, chlorthal-dimethyl, 3-[5-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl] 4-Hydroxy-1-methylimidazolidine-2-one), chlorsulfuron, cinidon, cinidon-ethyl, cinmethylin, cinosulfuron, clacyfos, clethodim, clodinafop, clodinafop-propargyl, cromazine, clonsulam, clomeprop, clopyralid, cloransulam.Cloransulam-methyl, cumyluron, cyanamide, cyanazine, cycloate, cyclopyranil, cyclopyrimorate, cyclosulfamuron, cycloxydim, cyhalofop, cyhalofop-butyl, cyprazine, 2,4-D 2,4-D-butoxyethyl ester, butyl, dimethylamine, diethanolamine, ethyl ester, 2-ethylhexyl ester, isobutyl, isooctyl, isopropylammonium salt, potassium salt, triisopropanolammonium salt and triethanolamine (2,4-D, 2,4-D-butotyl, butyl, dimethylammonium, diolamin, ethyl, 2-ethylhexyl, isobutyl, isooctyl, isopropylammonium, potassium, triisopropanolammonium, and -trolamine), 2,4-DB, 2,4-DB-butyl, dimethylammonium salt, isooctyl, potassium and sodium salts (2,4-DB, 2,4-DB-butyl, -dimethylammonium, -isooctyl, -potassium, and -sodium), daimuron (dymron), dalapon, dazomet, n-decanol, desmedipham, detosyl-pyrazolate (DTP), dicamba, dichlobenil, dichlorprop, dichlorprop-P, diclofop, diclofop-methyl, diclofop-P-methyl, diclosulam, difenzoquat, diflufenican, diflufenzopyr, diflufenzopyr-sodium, dimefuron, dimepiperate, dimethachlor, dimethametryn, dimethenamid.Dimethenamid-P, 3-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-6-[(2-hydroxy-6-oxycyclohexyl-1-en-1-yl)carbonyl]-1-methyldiazanaphthyl-2,4(1H,3H)-dione, 1,3-dimethyl-4-[2-(methylsulfonyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzoyl]-1H-pyrazol-5-yl-1,3-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-4-carboxylate, dimetrasulfuron, diinitramine, dinoterb, diphenamid, diquat, diquat dibromide dibromid, dithiopyr, diuron, DMPA, DNOC, endothal, EPTC, esprocarb, ethalfluralin, ethametsulfuron, ethametsulfuron-methyl, ethyozin, ethofumesate, ethoxyfen, ethoxyfen-ethyl, ethoxysulfuron ), ethoxybenzanid, ([(3-{2-chloro-4-fluoro-5-[3-methyl-2,6-dioxy-4-(trifluoromethyl)-3,6-dihydropyrimidin-1(2H)-yl]phenoxy}pyridin-2-yl)oxy]ethyl acetate, F-9960, F-5231, i.e. N-{2-chloro-4-fluoro-5-[4-(3-fluoropropyl)-5-oxy-4,5-dihydro-1H-tetrazol-1-yl]phenyl}ethylsulfonamide, F-7967, i.e. 3-[7-chloro-5-fluoro-2-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-benzimidazol-4-yl]-1-methyl-6-(trifluoromethyl)pyrimidin-2,4(1H,3H)-dione, fenox The following herbicides are listed: fenoxaprop-P, fenoxaprop-ethyl, fenoxaprop-P-ethyl, fenoxasulfone, fenquinotrione, fentrazamide, flamprop, flamprop-M-isopropyl, flamprop-M-methyl, flazasulfuron, and florasulam.Fluazifop, fluazifop-P, fluazifop-butyl, fluazifop-P-butyl, flucarbazone, flucarbazone-sodium, flucetosulfuron, fluchloralin, flufenacet, flufenpyr, flufenpyr-ethyl, flumetsulam, flumiclorac, flumiclorac-pentyl, flumioxazin, fluometuron, flurenol, flurenol-butyl, dimethylammonium salt and methyl ester (flurenol-butyl, dimethylammonium and methyl ester) -methyl), fluoroglycofen, fluoroglycofen-ethyl, flupropanate, flupyrsulfuron, flupyrsulfuron-methyl-sodium, fluridone, fluro-chloridone, fluroxypyr, fluroxypyr-meptyl, flurtamone, fluthiacet, fluthiacet methyl ester (fl) uthiacet-methyl), flumethrin, flumethrin sodium, foramsulfuron, fosamine, glufosinate, glufosinate-ammonium, glufosinate-P-sodium, glufosinate-P-ammonium, glufosinate-P-sodium, glyphosate, glyphosate ammonium, isopropyl ammonium, diammonium salt, potassium salt,Sodium salts and trimethyl sulfides (glyphosate-ammonium, -isopropylammonium, -diammonium, -dimethylammonium, -potassium, -sodium, and -trimesium), H-9201, namely O-(2,4-dimethyl-6-nitrophenyl)O-ethylisopropylthiophosphoramide ester, halauxifen, halauxifen-methyl, halosafen, halosulfuron, halosulfuron-methyl, haloxyfop, haloxyfop-P, haloxyfop-ethoxyethyl, haloxyfop-ethoxyethyl, haloxyfop-ethoxy Haloxyfop-P-ethoxyethyl, haloxyfop-methyl, haloxyfop-P-methyl, hexazinone, HW-02 (i.e., ethyl 1-(dimethoxyphosphoryl)(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetate), 4-hydroxy-1-methoxy-5-methyl-3-[4-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl]imidazolidine-2-one, 4-hydroxy-1-methyl-3-[4-(trifluoromethyl) [Pyridin-2-yl]imidazolidine-2-one, (5-hydroxy-1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)(3,3,4-trimethyl-1,1-dioxide-2,3-dihydro-1-benzothiophene-5-yl) methyl ketone, 6-[(2-hydroxy-6-oxycyclohex-1-en-1-yl)carbonyl]-1,5-dimethyl-3-(2-methylphenyl)diazanaphthalene-2,4(1H,3H)-dione, imidacloprid, imidacloprid-methyl, methoxyimidacloprid-ammoni (um), imidazopic, imidazopic-ammonium, imazapyr, isopropylammonium, imazaquin, imazaquin-ammonium, imazethapyr, imazethapyr-immonium, imazosulfuron, indanofanIndaziflam, iodosulfuron, iodosulfuron-methyl-sodium, ioxynil, ioxynil-octanoate, potassium and sodium salts (ioxynil-octanoate, -potassium and...) -sodium), haloxyfencarbazone, isoproturon, isouron, isoxaben, isoxaflutole, karbutilate, KUH-043, namely 3-({[5-(difluoromethyl)-1-methyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-4-yl]methyl}sulfonyl)-5,5-dimethyl-4,5-dihydro-1,2-oxazole, keto-spiradox, lactofen, lenacil, linuron, MCPA, MCPA butoxyethyl ester, dimethylammonium salt, -2-ethylhexyl ester, isopropylammonium salt, potassium salt and sodium salt (MCPA-butotyl, -dimethylammonium, -2-ethylhexyl, -isopropylammonium, -potassium, and -sodium), MCPB, MCPB methyl ester, ethyl ester and sodium salt (MCPB-methyl, -ethyl and -sodium), 2-methyl-4-chloropropionic acid (mecoprop), 2-methyl-4-chloropropionic acid sodium salt and butoxyethyl ester (mecoprop-sodium, and -butotyl), purified 2-methyl-4-chloropropionic acid (mecoprop-P), purified 2-methyl-4-chloropropionic acid butoxyethyl ester, dimethylammonium salt, -2-ethylhexyl ester and potassium salt (mecoprop-P-butotyl, -dimethylammonium, -2-ethylhexyl, and -potassium, mefenacet, mefluidide, mesosulfuron, mesosulfuron-methyl, mesotrione, methabenzthiazuron, metam, metamifop, metamitron, metazachlor, metazosulfuron, and methabenzthiazuron.Methiopyrsulfuron, methiozolin, 2-({2-[(2-methoxyethoxy)methyl]-6-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl}carbonyl)cyclohexanol-1,3-dione, methyl isothiocyanate, 1-methyl-4-[(3,3,4-trimethyl-1,1-dioxy-2,3-dihydro-1-benzothiophene-5-yl)carbonyl]-1H-pyrazol-5-ylpropane-1-sulfonate, metobromuron, metolachlor, S-metolachlor, metosulam, metoxuron, metribuz in), metsulfuron, metsulfuron-methyl, molinat, monolinuron, monosulfuron, monosulfuron-ester, MT-5950 (N-(3-chloro-4-isopropylphenyl)-2-methylpentanamide), NGGC-011, napropamide, NC-310 ([5-(benzyloxy)-1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl](2,4-dichlorophenyl)-methyl ketone), neburon, nicosulfuron, nonanoic acid Pelargonic acid, norflurazon, oleic acid (fatty acids), orbencarb, orthosulfamuron, oryzalin, oxadiargyl, oxadiazon, oxasulfuron, oxaziclomefon, oxyfluorfen, paraquat, paraquat dichloride, pebulate, pendimethalin, penoxsulam, pentachlorphenol, pentoxazone, pethoxamid, petroleum oils, phenmedipham, picloram, picolinafen, pinoxaden.Piperophos, pretilachlor, primisulfuron, primisulfuron-methyl, prodiamine, profoxydim, prometon, prometryn, propachlor, propanil, propaquizafop, propazine, propham, propi Sochlor, propoxy-carbazone, propoxycarbazone-sodium, propyrisulfuron, propyzamide, prosulfocarb, prosulfuron, pyraclonil, pyraflufen-ethyl, pyrasulfotole, pyrazolynate (pyrazolate), pyrazosulfuron, pyrazosulfuron-ethyl, pyrazoxyfen, pyribambenz, pyribambenz-isopropyl, pyribambenz-propyl, pyribenzoxim, pyributicarb, pyridafol, pyridate, pyriftalid, pyriminobac, pyriminobac methyl ester (p yriminobac-methyl), pyrimi-sulfan, pyrithiobac, pyrithiobac-sodium, pyroxasulfone, pyroxsulam, quinclorac, quinmerac, quino-clamine, quizalofop, quizalofop-ethyl, quizalofop-P, quizalofop-P-ethylQuizalofop-P-tefuryl, QYM-201, QYR-301, rimsulfuron, saflufenacil, sethoxydim, siduron, simazine, simetryn, SL-261, sulcotrion, sulfurentrazone, sulfuron ometuron), sulfometuron-methyl, sulfosulfuron, SYN-523, SYP-249 (i.e., 1-ethoxy-3-methyl-1-oxybut-3-en-2-yl5-[2-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]-2-nitrobenzoate), SYP-300 (i.e., 1-[7-fluoro-3-oxy-4-(prop-2-yn-1-yl)-3,4-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-6-yl]-3-propyl-2- Thioimidazolidine-4,5-dione, 2,3,6-TBA, TCA (trichloroacetic acid), TCA sodium salt, tebuthiuron, tefuryltrione, tembotrione, tepraloxydim, terbacil, terbucarb, terbumeton, terbuthylazin, terbutryn, tetflupyrolimet, thenylchlor, thiazopyr, thiencarbazone, thiencarbazone-methyl Thifensulfuron, thifensulfuron-methyl, thiobencarb, tiafenacil, tolpyralate, toramezone, tralkoxydim, triafamone, triallate, triasulfuron, triaziflam, tribensulfuron-methyl, trifloxysulfuron, trietazine, trifloxysulfuronTrifloxysulfuron-sodium, trifludimoxazin, trifluralin, triflusulfuron, triflusulfuron-methyl, tritosulfuron, urea sulfate, vernolate, ZJ-0862, i.e., 3,4-dichloro-N-{2-[(4,6-dimethoxypyrimidin-2-yl)oxy]benzyl}aniline.

[0172] At least one active ingredient is preferably a fungicide selected from the categories described above: (1) inhibitors of respiratory chain complexes, particularly azoles; (2) inhibitors of respiratory chain complex I or II; (3) inhibitors of respiratory chain complexes; (4) inhibitors of mitosis and cell division; (6) compounds capable of inducing host defense; (10) inhibitors of lipid and membrane synthesis; and (15).

[0173] Further preferably, at least one active ingredient a) of the fungicide is selected from oxadiazon, bifenthiophanate-methyl, prothiophanate-methyl, inpyrfluxam, Isoflucypram, fluopyram, fluopyram, and Fluoxapiprolin.

[0174] At least one insecticide is preferably selected from insecticides of the categories described above: (2) GABA-gated chloride channel antagonists, (3) sodium channel modulators / voltage-dependent sodium channel blockers, (4) nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) competitive modulators, (23) acetyl-CoA carboxylase inhibitors, (28) lanyl base receptor modulators, and (30) other active ingredients.

[0175] More preferably, at least one active ingredient a) of the insecticide is selected from spirotetramat, tetrazolium, acetamiprid, imidacloprid, deltamethrin, and flupyradifurone.

[0176] Finally, and more preferably, at least one active ingredient a) of the herbicide is selected from triafamone, tembotrione, thiencarbazone-methyl, and preferably combined with the safeners isoxadifen-ethyl and cyprosulfamat.

[0177] Even more preferably, at least one active ingredient is selected from oxadiazon, bifenthiophanate-methyl, prothioconazole, inpyrfluxam, isoflucypram, fluopyram, fluopyram, fluoxapiprolin, spirotetramat, tetrazolium, acetamiprid, imidacloprid, deltamethrin, flupyrfuranone, fluoxetine, cyclosulfonamide, thiamethoxam methyl ester, dibenzoxazolamide, and cyprosulfamat.

[0178] All of the named active ingredients described above may exist in the form of free compounds, or, if their functional groups permit, in the form of their agrochemically active salts.

[0179] In addition, where applicable, meso forms and stereoisomers or enantiomers should be included, as these modifications and polymorphic modifications are well known to those skilled in the art.

[0180] Unless otherwise specified, solid agrochemical active compounds a) in this invention should be understood to be all substances commonly used in plant treatments with a melting point above 20°C.

[0181] Drift reducer (b) Suitable drift reducing agents are poly(ethylene oxide), wherein the polymer has an average molecular weight preferably from 0.5 to 12 megag / mol, more preferably from 0.75 to 10 megag / mol, and most preferably from 1 to 8 megag / mol, and hydroxypropyl guar gum, as well as vegetable oils and vegetable oil esters and diesters (including esters with glycerol and propylene glycol).

[0182] Particularly preferred are methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, isobutyl, butyl, hexyl and ethylhexyl esters.

[0183] More preferably, the vegetable oil and ester are selected from methyl oleate, methyl palmitate, rapeseed oil methyl ester, isopropyl myristate, isopropyl palmitate, ethylhexyl palmitate, ethylhexyl oleate, a mixture of ethylhexyl myristate / ethylhexyl laurate, ethylhexyl laurate, a mixture of ethylhexyl caprylate / ethylhexyl decanoate, diisopropyl adipate, propylene glycol diester of coconut oil, sunflower oil, rapeseed oil, corn oil, soybean oil, rice bran oil, palm oil, peanut oil, a mixture of caprylic and caprylic triglycerides, and a mixture of decyl and caprylyl glycerides.

[0184] Mineral oil is also suitable as a drift reducer.

[0185] Absorption enhancer (d) Absorption enhancers may also be selected from the group consisting of the following compounds: Other suitable absorption enhancers are alcohol ethoxylates, preferably selected from ethoxylated alcohols, propoxy-ethoxylated alcohols, ethoxylated carboxylic acids, propoxy-ethoxylated carboxylic acids, or ethoxylated glycerol monoesters, diesters, or tripesters comprising a fatty acid having 8-18 carbon atoms and an average of 5-40 EO units. The ethoxylated or propoxy-ethoxylated alcohols or carboxylic acids may optionally be further modified by adding a methyl group to the remaining alcohol functional group (see “Me-terminal capping”). According to d), the term “alcohol” refers to an alcohol that may be branched or straight-chain, saturated or unsaturated, having 6-22 carbon atoms and optionally bearing an additional substituent (such as an OH group). According to d), the term “carboxylic acid” refers to a carboxylic acid that may be branched or straight-chain, saturated or unsaturated, having 6-22 carbon atoms and optionally bearing an additional substituent (such as an OH group).

[0186] According to d), a suitable component is, for example: - Ethoxylated linear and / or branched fatty alcohols having 2-20 EO units (e.g., Clariant's Genapol® X type). - Ethoxylated linear and / or branched fatty alcohols with methyl-terminated caps containing 2-20 EO units (e.g., Clariant's Genapol® XM type). - Ethoxylated coconut alcohols containing 2-20 EO units (e.g., Clariant's Genapol® C type). - Ethoxylated C12 / 15 alcohols containing 2-20 EO units (e.g., Croda's Synperonic® Type A). - Branched or straight-chain propoxy ethoxylated alcohols, such as Solvay's Antarox® B / 848, Croda's Atlas® G5000, and Levaco's Lucramul® HOT 5902; - Propoxyethoxylated fatty acids, with a Me-terminal cap, such as Lion's Leofat® OC0503M; - Alkyl ether citrate surfactants (e.g., Adsee CE range, Akzo Nobel); - Alkyl polysaccharides (e.g., BASF's Agnique® PG8107, PG8105; Croda's Atplus® 438, AL-2559, AL-2575); - Contains ethoxylated glycerol monoesters or diesters with fatty acids having 8-18 carbon atoms and an average of 10-40 EO units (e.g., Croda's Crovol® product line); - Castor oil ethoxylates containing an average of 5-40 EO units (e.g., Nouryon's Berol® series, Clariant's Emulsogen® EL series); - Ethoxylated oleic acid containing 2-20 EO units (e.g., Alkamuls® A and AP); - Contains ethoxylated sorbitol fatty acid esters with 8-18 carbon atoms and an average of 10-50 EO units (e.g., Arlatone® T, Tween series).

[0187] Rain-resistant additive (e) Suitable rain-resistant additives are acrylic emulsion polymers or polymer dispersions and styrene emulsion polymers or polymer dispersions. d) is an aqueous polymer dispersion with a Tg in the range of -100°C to 30°C, preferably -60°C to 20°C, more preferably -50°C to 10°C, and most preferably -45°C to 5°C, such as Acronal V215, Acronal 3612, Acronal 361, Licomer ADH 205, and Atplus FA. Licomer ADH 205 and Atplus FA are particularly preferred.

[0188] Preferably, the polymer is selected from acrylic polymers, styrene polymers, vinyl polymers and their derivatives, polyolefins, polyurethanes and natural polymers and their derivatives.

[0189] More preferably, the polymer is selected from acrylic polymers, styrene-butadiene copolymers, styrene-maleic anhydride copolymers, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl acetate, partially hydrolyzed polyvinyl acetate, methyl vinyl ether-maleic anhydride copolymers, carboxyl-modified polyvinyl alcohol, acetoacetyl-modified polyvinyl alcohol, diacetone-modified polyvinyl alcohol, and silicon-modified polyvinyl alcohol, isopropyl-maleic anhydride copolymers, polyurethane, polyvinyl alcohol, cellulose, gelatin, casein, oxidized starch, starch-vinyl acetate graft copolymers, hydroxyethyl cellulose, methyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, and acetyl cellulose.

[0190] Most preferably, the polymer is selected from copolymers of acrylates and styrene, wherein the acrylate is selected from 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, butyl acrylate, sec-butyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, methyl acrylate, acrylic acid, acrylamide, isobutyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, or combinations thereof. The styrene is selected from styrene, tert-butylstyrene, p-methylstyrene, or combinations thereof.

[0191] In a preferred embodiment, the polymer described above has a molecular weight of no more than 40,000, preferably no more than 10,000.

[0192] In a preferred embodiment, polymer D is an emulsion polymer as described in WO2017 / 202684.

[0193] The glass transition temperature (Tg) is known for many polymers and is determined in this invention, and unless otherwise defined, is defined according to ASTM E1356-08 (2014) “Standard Test Method for Assignment of the Glass Transition Temperatures by Differential Scanning Calorimetry”, wherein the sample is dried at 110°C for 1 hour prior to DSC to eliminate the influence of water and / or solvents, the DSC sample size is 10-15 mg, and the measurement is performed at 20°C / min from -100°C to 100°C under N2, wherein Tg is defined as the midpoint of the transition region.

[0194] Other formulations (f) f1, a suitable nonionic surfactant or dispersant, is any such substance commonly used in agrochemical reagents. Preferably, it is a polyethylene oxide-polypropylene oxide block copolymer, preferably having a molecular weight greater than 6,000 g / mol or a polyethylene oxide content greater than 45%, more preferably having a molecular weight greater than 6,000 g / mol and a polyethylene oxide content greater than 45%, polyoxyethylene amine derivatives, polyvinylpyrrolidone, copolymers of polyvinyl alcohol and polyvinylpyrrolidone, and copolymers of (meth)acrylic acid and (meth)acrylate. In the above examples, the selected class may optionally be phosphorylated, sulfonated, or sulfonated and neutralized with a base.

[0195] Possible anionic surfactants (f1) are all such substances commonly used in agricultural chemical reagents. Alkyl sulfonic acids or alkyl phosphoric acids, as well as alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, and ammonium salts of alkyl aryl sulfonic acids or alkyl aryl phosphoric acids, are preferred. Another group of preferred anionic surfactants or dispersants are alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, and ammonium salts of polystyrene sulfonic acid, salts of polyvinyl sulfonic acid, salts of alkyl naphthalene sulfonic acid, salts of naphthalene-sulfonic acid-formaldehyde condensation products, salts of naphthalene sulfonic acid, salts of phenol sulfonic acid and formaldehyde condensation products, and salts of lignin sulfonic acid.

[0196] f2 rheology modifier is an additive that, when added to a formulation at a concentration that reduces the gravity separation of the dispersed active ingredient during storage, results in a significant increase in viscosity at low shear rates. For the purposes of this invention, a low shear rate is defined as 0.1 s⁻¹. -1 At and below, a significant increase is defined as greater than ×2. Viscosity can be measured using a rotational shear rheometer.

[0197] Suitable rheology modifiers (E2) include, for example: - Polysaccharides, including xanthan gum and hydroxyethyl cellulose. Examples include Kelzan®, Rhodopol® G and 23, Satiaxane® CX 911, and the Natrosol® 250 series. - Clays, including montmorillonite, bentonite, sepiolite, attapulgite, lithium saponite, and lithium montmorillonite. Examples include Veegum® R, Van Gel® B, Bentone® 34, 38, CT, HC, EW, Pangel® M100, M200, M300, S, M, W, Attagel® 50, and Laponite® RD. - Vaporized and precipitated silica, examples of which are Aerosil® 200 and Sipemat® 22.

[0198] The preferred materials are xanthan gum, montmorillonite clay, bentonite clay, and fumed silica.

[0199] f3 Suitable defoaming agent (e3) is any substance commonly used in agricultural chemical reagents for this purpose. Preferably, it is silicone oil or silicone oil formulation. Examples include Bluestar Silicones' Silcolapse® 426 and 432, Wacker's Silfoam® SRE and SC132, Silchem's SAF-184®, Basildon Chemical Company Ltd's Foam-Clear ArraPro-S®, and Momentive's SAG® 1572 and SAG® 30 [dimethylsiloxanes and silicones, CAS No. 63148-62-9]. Preferably, it is SAG® 1572.

[0200] f4 Suitable antifreeze agents are all substances that are commonly used in agricultural chemical reagents for this purpose. Suitable examples are propylene glycol, ethylene glycol, urea, and glycerin.

[0201] Other suitable formulation agents (e5) include: biological agents, colorants, pH adjusters, buffers, stabilizers, antioxidants, inert fillers, wetting agents, crystal growth inhibitors, and micronutrients. Examples include: Possible preservatives are all substances commonly used in agricultural chemical reagents for this purpose. Suitable examples of preservatives are formulations containing: 5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one [CAS-No. 26172-55-4], 2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one [CAS-No. 2682-20-4], or 1,2-benzisothiazol-3(2H)-one [CAS-No. 2634-33-5]. Examples that may be mentioned are Preventol® D 7 (Lanxess), Kathon® CG / ICP (Dow), Acticide® SPX (Thor GmbH), and Proxel® GXL (Arch Chemicals).

[0202] Possible colorants are all substances commonly used in agricultural chemical reagents for this purpose. Examples include titanium dioxide, carbon black, zinc oxide, blue pigments, brilliant blue FCF, red pigments, and permanent red FGR.

[0203] Possible pH adjusters and buffers are all substances commonly used in agricultural chemical reagents for this purpose. Examples, for instance, include citric acid, sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, sodium hydroxide, sodium hydrogen phosphate (Na₂HPO₄), sodium dihydrogen phosphate (NaH₂PO₄), potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KH₂PO₄), and potassium hydrogen phosphate (K₂HPO₄).

[0204] Suitable stabilizers and antioxidants are all substances that are commonly used in agrochemical reagents for this purpose. Preferred is butyl hydroxytoluene [3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxytoluene, CAS No. 128-37-0].

[0205] Carriers (g) are those substances that are typically used in agricultural chemical formulations for this purpose.

[0206] The carrier is a solid or liquid, natural or synthetic, organic or inorganic substance; it is typically inert and can be used as a solvent. Carriers generally improve the application of compounds, such as to plants, plant parts, or seeds. Suitable examples solid carrier This includes, but is not limited to, ammonium salts, particularly ammonium sulfate, ammonium phosphate, and ammonium nitrate; natural rock powders, such as kaolin, clay, talc, chalk, quartz, attapulgite, montmorillonite, and diatomaceous earth; silica gel; and synthetic rock powders, such as finely crushed silica, alumina, and silicates. Typical examples of useful solid carriers for preparing granules include, but are not limited to, crushed and graded natural rocks, such as calcite, marble, pumice, sepiolite, and dolomite; synthetic granules of inorganic and organic powders; and granules of organic materials, such as paper, sawdust, coconut husks, corn cobs, and tobacco stems.

[0207] The preferred solid carrier is selected from clay, talc and silica.

[0208] suitable liquid carrier Examples of suitable solvents include, but are not limited to, water, organic solvents, and combinations thereof. Examples of suitable solvents include polar and nonpolar organic chemical liquids, such as those from the following categories: - Alcohols and polyols (which may also be optionally substituted, etherified and / or esterified, such as ethanol, propanol, butanol, benzyl alcohol, cyclohexanol or ethylene glycol, 2-ethylhexanol), - Ethers, such as dioctyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, dimethyl isosorbide, acetone glycerol, cyclopentyl methyl ether; solvents provided by Dow's Dowanol product line, such as Dowanol DPM, anisole, phenethyl ether, dimethyl polyethylene glycol of various molecular weight grades, dimethyl polypropylene glycol of various molecular weight grades, dibenzyl ether. - Ketones (e.g., acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, cyclopentanone, cyclohexanone, cycloheptanone, acetophenone, phenylacetone). - Lactates, such as methyl lactate, ethyl lactate, propyl lactate, butyl lactate, and 2-ethylhexyl lactate. - (Poly)ethers, such as polyethylene glycol of different molecular weight grades and polypropylene glycol of different molecular weight grades. - Unsubstituted and substituted amines, - Amides (e.g., dimethylformamide, or N,N-dimethyllactamide, or N-formylmorpholine, or fatty acid amides, such as N,N-dimethyldecanoamide or N,N-dimethyldec-9-en-amide) and their esters, - Lactams (e.g., 2-pyrrolidone, or N-alkylpyrrolidone, such as N-methylpyrrolidone, or N-butylpyrrolidone, or N-octylpyrrolidone, or N-dodecylpyrrolidone or N-methylcaprolactam, N-alkylcaprolactam). - Lactones (e.g., γ-butyrolactone, γ-valerolactone, δ-valerolactone, or α-methylγ-butyrolactone, - Sulfones and sulfoxides (e.g., dimethyl sulfoxide). - Nitriles, such as straight-chain or cyclic alkyl nitriles, especially acetonitrile, cyclohexanenitrile, octanonitrile, and dodecanonitrile). - Straight-chain and cyclic carbonates, such as diethyl carbonate, dipropyl carbonate, dibutyl carbonate, dioctyl carbonate, or ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, butyl carbonate, glyceryl carbonate.

[0209] The optimal carrier is water.

[0210] These spray liquids are used by conventional methods, such as spraying, watering or injection, especially by spraying, and most particularly by UAV spraying.

[0211] The application rate of the formulation of this invention can vary within a relatively wide range. This is determined by the specific active agricultural chemical and its amount in the formulation.

[0212] The formulations of the present invention allow for the delivery of active agricultural chemicals to plants and / or their habitats in a particularly advantageous manner.

[0213] The present invention also relates to the application of the contained agrochemically active compounds to plants and / or their habitats using the agrochemical compositions of the present invention.

[0214] The formulations of this invention can be used to treat all plants and plant parts. Here, "plant" refers to all plants and plant populations, such as desired and undesirable wild plants or crops (including naturally occurring crop plants). Crop plants can be plants obtained through conventional breeding and optimization methods or biotechnology and genetic technology, and combinations thereof, including transgenic plants and plant varieties protected or not protected by plant variety rights. Plant parts refer to all above-ground and below-ground parts and organs of a plant, such as buds, leaves, flowers, and roots; an exemplary list includes leaves, needles, stems, trunks, flowers, fruiting bodies, fruits, and seeds, as well as roots, tubers, and rhizomes. Plant parts also include harvested materials and asexual and sexual reproductive materials.

[0215] It is important to emphasize in this document that the formulations of this invention have particularly advantageous effects when used in cereal plants, such as wheat, oats, barley, spelt wheat, black wheat and rye, as well as corn, sorghum and millet, rice, sugarcane, soybean, sunflower, potato, cotton, canola, rapeseed, tobacco, beet, forage beet, asparagus, hops, and fruit plants (including pome fruits such as apples and pears, stone fruits such as peaches, nectarines, cherries, plums and apricots, citrus fruits such as oranges, grapefruits, limes, lemons, kumquats, tangerines and mandarins, nuts such as pistachios, almonds, walnuts and pecans, tropical fruits such as mangoes, papayas, pineapples, dates, bananas and grapes) and vegetables (including leafy vegetables such as chicory, wild lettuce, fennel, lettuce, upright lettuce, romaine lettuce, spinach salad chicory, cabbage such as cauliflower, broccoli, Chinese cabbage, and kale). *Lespedeza oleracea* (L.) convar. acephala var. sabellica (also known as feather cabbage, kohlrabi, red cabbage, white cabbage, and crimped cabbage), fruit vegetables including eggplant, cucumber, pepper, squash, tomato, zucchini, and sweet corn, root vegetables such as celery, wild radish, carrot (including yellow varieties, black radish (Raphanus sativus var. niger) and evergreen radish (Raphanus sativus var. radicula)), beetroot, *Allium*, celery, legumes such as peas and green beans, and allium vegetables such as leeks and onions.

[0216] According to the present invention, treatment of plants and plant parts using the formulations of the present invention is carried out directly by conventional treatment methods or by acting on their environment, habitat or storage space, such as by soaking, spraying, evaporation, atomization, sowing or smearing, and in the case of propagation materials, especially seeds, by applying one or more layers of coating.

[0217] The active agrochemicals contained therein exhibit better biological activity than when applied in their corresponding conventional formulations.

[0218] Unless otherwise defined in this application, molecular weight refers to weight-average molecular weight Mw, which is determined by GPC in dichloromethane at 25°C using polystyrene as a standard.

[0219] leaf surface Tables M1a and M1b show the contact angles of water on textured and untextured leaf surfaces.

[0220] Table M1a Plants with textured leaves Table M1bPlants with untextured leaves Examples of non-textured crops and plants include tomatoes, peppers, potatoes, carrots, celery, beets, beetroot, spinach, lettuce, beans, peas, clover, apples, pears, peaches, apricots, plums, mangoes, avocados, olives, citrus fruits, oranges, lemons, limes, grapes, figs, cucumbers, melons, watermelons, strawberries, raspberries, blueberries, sunflowers, pumpkins, soybeans (≥GS 16 (BBCH 16)), corn (≥GS 15 (BBCH 15)), and cotton.

[0221] Examples of textured crops and plants include garlic, onions, leeks, soybeans (≤GS 16 (BBCH 16)), oats, wheat, barley, rice, sugarcane, pineapple, bananas, flaxseed, lilies, orchids, corn (≤GS 15 (BBCH 15)), cabbage, Brussels sprouts, broccoli, cauliflower, rye, rapeseed, tulips, and peanuts.

[0222] Examples of weeds without texture include velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti). Abutilon theophrasti ), shepherd's purse ( Capsella bursa- pastoris ), Mandala ( Datura stramonium ), Lala vine ( Galium aparine ), round-leaved morning glory ( Ipomoea purpurea ), Rumex acetosa ( Polygonum lapathifolium ),purslane( Portulaca oleracea ), European Senecio scandens ( Senecio vulgaris ), prickly yellow flower ( Sida spinosa ), wild mustard ( Sinapis arvensis ), Black nightshade ( Solanum nigrum ), chickweed ( Stellaria media ), Eastern cocklebur ( Xanthium orientale ), Cyperus rotundus ( Cyperus rotundus ) and reverse amaranth ( Amaranthus retroflexus ).

[0223] Examples of textured weeds include cassia, lambsquarters, barnyardgrass, large spike amaranth, silky sedge, wild oats, barnyardgrass, black brome, bermudagrass, crabgrass, barnyardgrass, wild millet, Kentucky bluegrass, large foxtail grass, and stone grass.

[0224] The present invention is illustrated by the following embodiments.

[0225] Example Method 1: Flowability of SC and SE formulations (oil) Methods for preparing fluid suspension formulations and emulsions are known in the art and can be prepared by methods well known to those skilled in the art. A 2% gel of xanthan gum (f) and biocide (f) in water is prepared under low-shear stirring. If present in the formulation, a 50% oil-in-water emulsion of oil (b) is prepared by adding oil (50%) to a solution of water (49%) and Synperonic PE / F127 (1%) (or equivalent surfactant) under a high-shear mixer (Ultra-Turrax®). The active ingredient (a), nonionic and anionic dispersants (f), defoamers (f), and other adjuvants (f) are mixed with water to form a slurry, first using a high-shear rotor-stator mixer (Ultra-Turrax®). ® The mixture is then subjected to mixing to reduce the particle size D(v, 0.9) to approximately 50 micrometers, followed by passing the mixture through one or more bead mills (Eiger). ® A 250-mini motormill was used to prepare a particle size D (v, 0.9) typically between 1 and 15 micrometers. Additives (b), (d), and (e) as 50% of the emulsion prepared above, along with the xanthan gum prepared above, were then added and mixed until homogeneous by low-shear stirring. Finally, if necessary, the pH was adjusted with acid or base (f).

[0226] Flowable formulations containing a small amount of emulsified oil can be described as suspension concentrates and suspension emulsion formulations. www.croplife.org , Technical Monograph No: 2, Catalog of pesticide formulation types and international coding system, Edition: March 2017) Method 2: Flowable SC formulation (polymer) Methods for preparing fluid suspension formulations are known in the art and can be prepared by methods well known to those skilled in the art. A 2% gel of xanthan gum (f) and a biocide (f) in water is prepared under low-shear stirring. If present in the formulation, 1-4% polymer (b) is prepared. The active ingredient (a), nonionic and anionic dispersants (f), defoamers (f), and other adjuvants (f) are mixed with water to form a slurry, first using a high-shear rotor-stator mixer (Ultra-Turrax). ® The mixture is then subjected to mixing to reduce the particle size D(v, 0.9) to approximately 50 micrometers, followed by passing the mixture through one or more bead mills (Eiger). ®A 250 Mini Motormill was used to prepare a particle size D (v, 0.9) typically between 1 and 15 micrometers. Additives (b), (d), and (e) as part of the polymer solution prepared above, along with the xanthan gum prepared above, were then added and mixed until homogeneous by low-shear stirring. Finally, if necessary, the pH was adjusted with acid or base (f).

[0227] Prepare polymer (b) solutions according to the required viscosity concentration limits and contents in the formulation. Typical values ​​are: Polyox WSR301 (1-2%), Polyox WSR N60K (1-3%), Polyox WSR N12K (2-4%), and AgRho DS2000 (1-2%).

[0228] Method 3: EC formulation Methods for preparing EC formulations are known in the art and can be prepared by methods well known to those skilled in the art. Typically, EC formulations are obtained by mixing the active ingredients in a container equipped with a stirrer. In some cases, dissolution or mixing is promoted by slightly increasing the temperature (not exceeding 60°C). Stirring continues until a homogeneous mixture is obtained.

[0229] Method 4: OD preparations The formulation components are weighed and homogenized using a high-shear device (e.g., Ultraturrax or colloid mill), followed by grinding in a bead mill (Dispermat SL 50, 80% fill, 1.0–1.25 mm glass beads, 4000 rpm, circulating mill) until a particle size of <10 μm is achieved. Alternatively, the formulation components are mixed in a vial, and then approximately 25 vol.-% 1.0–1.25 mm glass beads are added. The vial is then sealed, clamped to a stirrer device (e.g., Retsch MM 301), and processed at 30 Hz for several minutes until a particle size of <10 μm is achieved.

[0230] Method 5: WG formulation Methods for preparing water-dispersible particulate formulations are known in the art and can be prepared by methods well known to those skilled in the art.

[0231] For example, to prepare fluidized bed particles, a water-based process concentrate must first be prepared. Under low-shear stirring, all components (a, b, and c), such as surfactants, dispersants, binders, defoamers, anti-drift agents, and fillers, are mixed in water, and finally in a high-shear rotor-stator mixer (Ultra-Turrax). ®The mixture is pre-ground in a bead mill to reduce the particle size (v, 0.9) to approximately 50 micrometers, and then passed through one or more bead mills (KDL, Bachofen, Dynomill, Bühler, Drais, Lehmann) to reduce the particle size D (v, 0.9) to typically 1 to 15 micrometers. This water-based process concentrate is then spray-dried during fluidized bed granulation to form wettable particles (WG).

[0232] Particle size was determined according to CIPAC (Collaborative International Pesticides Analytical Council; www.cipac.org) method MT187. Particle size distribution was determined by laser diffraction. A representative amount of sample was dispersed in degassed water (sample self-saturation) at ambient temperature, subjected to ultrasonic treatment (typically 60 seconds), and then measured using a Malvern Mastersizer series (Malvern Panalytical) instrument. Scattered light was measured at different angles using a multi-element detector, and the relevant values ​​were recorded. The proportion of specific size classes was calculated based on the scattering data using the Fraunhofer model, and the volume-weighted particle size distribution was calculated accordingly. Typically, d50 and d90 values ​​are given as the active ingredient particle size (50 or 90% of all volumetric particles). The average particle size is expressed as the d50 value.

[0233] Similarly, any other spraying process, such as classic spray drying, can be used as a granulation method.

[0234] Another technique for producing water-dispersible particles is, for example, low-pressure extrusion. The ingredients of the formulation are mixed in dry form and then ground, for example, in a dry environment. An air-jet mill is used to reduce the particle size. The dry powder is then agitated while water (approximately 10-30% by weight, depending on the composition of the formulation) is added to the mixture. In a further step, the mixture is forced through an extruder with die sizes typically between 0.8 and 1.2 mm (such as a dome extruder, twin-dome extruder, basket extruder, sieve mill, or similar device) to form an extrudate. In a final step, the extrudate is post-dried, for example in a fluidized bed dryer, to reduce the water content of the powder, typically to a residual water level of 1-3% by weight.

[0235] Method 6: Drifting air chamber The drift of the formulation was measured using a custom-designed drift chamber approximately 2.8m wide, 2.8m long, and 1m high. The drift chamber included a nozzle, a horizontal airflow, and a drift collector sieve. The nozzle was located 0.5m above the bottom of the chamber and 1.4m away from the collector sieve, which was positioned approximately 0.6m above the end wall of the spray chamber.

[0236] The sprayed liquid collected by the detector screen is weighed, and the drift from the spray is calculated from the flow rate of the sprayed liquid and the fraction captured by the detector screen. The air velocity is 3 m / s. The formulation is diluted in water to the desired concentration, sprayed through a TeeJet® TP8002EVS nozzle at a pressure of 2 bar, and the drift is recorded once steady state is reached. This technique provides a comparative measurement of drift between different formulations.

[0237] Method 7: Drifting droplet size P15 The formulation was diluted in water to the desired concentration and sprayed through a TeeJet® TP8002EVS nozzle at a pressure of 3 bar. The droplet size spectrum was measured using an Oxford Lasers VisiSize P15, which captures images of the sprayed droplets and measures their size. The nozzle was positioned 20 cm above the image capture point, and the nozzle was repeatedly and slowly moved through the image capture window of the VisiSize P15 until 5,000 to 10,000 droplet images were captured. The droplet size spectrum was calculated by the instrument software as the volume percentage of droplets smaller than 100 micrometers and / or the volume percentage of droplets smaller than 150 micrometers, which is generally considered to be the driftable portion of the sprayed droplets. The relative amount of driftable droplets was calculated as: volume percentage of the formulation of the present invention < 100 micrometers / volume percentage of the comparative formulation < 100 micrometers × 100 (%), and / or volume percentage of the formulation of the present invention < 150 micrometers / volume percentage of the comparative formulation × 100 (%). Therefore, a value of 60% would indicate that the formulation of the present invention has only 60% of the driftable portion of the spray droplets compared to the comparative formulation, which would have 100% here.

[0238] Method 8: Drift Droplet Size Laser The formulation was diluted in water to the desired concentration, sprayed through a TeeJet 11002VS nozzle at a pressure of 3 bar, and the droplet size spectrum was measured by a single long axis scan across the spray fan at a distance of 350 mm below the nozzle using a Malvern SprayTec laser diffractometer.

[0239] Method 9: Drifting Filter Paper Deposits The formulation was diluted in water with a small amount of fluorescent tracer (Tinopal SC) to the desired concentration, sprayed onto filter paper through a TeeJet11002E nozzle at a pressure of 2 bar, and the droplet size spectrum was measured using ImageJ.

[0240] The filter paper was photographed using a digital camera with UV light [365nm] as the illumination source. In the image of the filter paper, the fluorescently labeled droplet deposits had a higher intensity than the filter paper and other background elements.

[0241] The images were processed in ImageJ software (www.fiji.com). First, the RGB image was split into red, green, and blue channels based on the intensity of the original image; only the green or blue channel was used for further analysis. Next, a "subtract background" algorithm was applied to the single-channel image to remove background interference, which in turn improved the contrast between the droplet deposits and the background. Afterward, an intensity threshold was automatically generated and applied by the software, resulting in a binary image where the droplet deposits retained maximum intensity, while the background (such as the filter paper itself) had zero intensity. Finally, a "watershed" algorithm was applied to the binary image to segment connected droplets in the image. All remaining and segmented objects were detected, and their positions and sizes were labeled. The size of each object represents the area of ​​each deposit, in µm. 2 .

[0242] The nozzles used in the spray tests had a VMD of 210 μm. The volume median diameter (VMD) was determined by the cumulative distribution function (CDF) of the droplet volume V, with droplets having a size smaller than the VMD accounting for 50% of the total spray volume. Since there is no direct correlation between the deposit area obtained from the filter paper and the actual droplet size / volume, the VMD of water has been used as a reference for readjusting the CDF of the formulation spray.

[0243] Based on ImageJ analysis, the area (A) of each droplet deposit on the filter paper was recorded. The diameter d of each deposit was also recorded. A =(4A / π) 1 / 2 Predicted droplet volume V 预估 = π·d A 3 / 6. Use the estimated droplet volume V 预估 The CDF (Displacement-to-Fluid Flow) of the base formulation is plotted, calculated from the area of ​​the deposit on filter paper. The VMD (Displacement-to-Dilution) of the base formulation is also obtained from the CDF curve. Assuming the base formulation has a droplet size distribution similar to water, the size factor f = VMD is generated by matching the VMD of the base formulation with the VMD of water. 基础 / VMD 水 Given the droplet deposition area A on the filter paper, the actual droplet diameter d = f·(4A / π) 1 / 2The droplet volume V = π·d 3 / 6.

[0244] The cumulative distribution of droplet volume V for different formulations was plotted using a logarithmic scaling box. From each cumulative distribution curve, the percentage of droplets with a diameter less than 150 μm was counted. This percentage of fine droplets corresponds to the degree of drift probability. The percentage of the base formulation (p0.05) was used. 基础 For reference, calculate the percentage relative difference between the formulation with adjuvant (p) and the base formulation. Relative difference r = p / p 基础 • 100%. If the relative difference (r) is less than 100%, the formulation has a lower likelihood of drift compared to the base formulation, and vice versa.

[0245] Method 10: Greenhouse Experiment with Insecticides The selected crops were grown in plastic pots containing "peat T" under greenhouse conditions. At the appropriate crop stage, the plants were prepared for treatment, for example by inoculating them with the target pest approximately 2 days prior to treatment (see table below).

[0246] When needed, the spray solution is prepared by directly diluting the formulation with tap water and adding appropriate additives to the tank mix with different doses of active ingredients.

[0247] Apply the solution to the upper side of the leaves using a track sprayer at a rate of 300 l / ha or 10 l / ha. Nozzles used: TeeJet TP8003E (for 300 l / ha) and Lechler 652.246 with pulse width modulator (PWM) (for 10 l / ha). For each single dose applied, typically 2 to 5 replicates are performed simultaneously.

[0248] Following treatment, plants were artificially infected if necessary and kept in a greenhouse or climate chamber during the experiment. The efficacy of the treatment was assessed after evaluating mortality (typically given as a percentage) and / or plant protection (e.g., calculated from feeding damage, compared to the corresponding control group) at different time points. Only average values ​​are reported.

[0249] Table M3: Pests and crops used in the experiment. The selected crops were grown in plastic pots containing "peat soil T" under greenhouse conditions. At the appropriate crop stage, the plants were prepared for treatment, for example by inoculating them with the target pest approximately 2 days prior to treatment (see M3).

[0250] When needed, the spray solution is prepared by directly diluting the formulation with tap water and adding appropriate additives to the tank mix with different doses of active ingredients.

[0251] Apply the solution to the upper side of the leaves using a track sprayer at a rate of 300 l / ha or 10 l / ha. Nozzles used: TeeJet TP8003E (for 300 l / ha) and Lechler 652.246 with pulse width modulator (PWM) (for 10 l / ha). For each single dose applied, typically 2 to 5 replicates are performed simultaneously.

[0252] Following treatment, plants were artificially infected if necessary and kept in a greenhouse or climate chamber during the experiment. The efficacy of the treatment was assessed after evaluating mortality (typically given as a percentage) and / or plant protection (e.g., calculated from feeding damage, compared to the corresponding control group) at different time points. Only average values ​​are reported.

[0253] Method 11: Instructions for Greenhouse Herbicide Trials Seeds of crops and monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous harmful plants were placed in sandy loam in plastic pots, covered with soil, and cultivated in a greenhouse under optimal growing conditions. Two to three weeks after sowing, test plants were treated at the 1-2 leaf stage. Test herbicide formulations of different concentrations were prepared and sprayed onto the green parts of the plants using different water application rates: 200 l / ha as the standard routine application rate and 10 l / ha as the ultra-low volume (ULV) application rate. The nozzle type used for all applications was the TeeJet DG 95015 EVS. The ULV application rate was achieved using a pulse width modulator (PWM) system connected to the nozzle and the tracked sprayer unit. After application, the test plants were left to stand in a greenhouse under optimal growing conditions for 3 to 4 weeks. The activity of the herbicide formulation was then visually scored (e.g., 100% activity = death of the entire plant material, 0% activity = plant similar to the untreated control).

[0254] Table M4: Plant species used in the experiment. Method 12: Instructions for Greenhouse Tests of Fungicides Seeds were placed in sandy loam soil in plastic pots, covered with soil, and cultivated in a greenhouse under optimal growing conditions. Two to three weeks after sowing, test plants were treated at the 1-2 leaf stage. Different concentrations of test fungicide formulations were prepared and sprayed onto the plants using different water application rates: 200 l / ha as the standard routine application rate and 10 l / ha as the ultra-low volume (ULV) application rate. The nozzle type used for all applications was the TeeJet TP 8002E, using 2 bar and a height of 500-600 mm above the plant level. Cereal plants were placed at a 45° angle, as this best reflects the spraying conditions in the cereal field. The ULV application rate was achieved using a pulse width modulator (PWM) system connected to the nozzle and the tracked sprayer unit, at 30 Hz, with an opening of 8%-100% (10 l / ha-200 l / ha spray volume).

[0255] In the protective treatment, test plants were inoculated with the corresponding disease one day after spraying and then left to stand in a greenhouse under optimal growing conditions for 1 to 2 weeks. The activity of the fungicide formulation was then visually evaluated.

[0256] Under treatment conditions, the plants are first inoculated with the disease, followed by treatment with a fungicide formulation 1-3 days later. A visual assessment of the disease is performed 3-6 days (dat) after application of the formulation.

[0257] The practice of vaccination is well known to those skilled in the art.

[0258] Table M5: Diseases and crops used in the experiment. Method 13: Stratum corneum penetration test The cuticle penetration test is a further development and adaptation of the SOFU (leaf absorption simulation) test method originally described by Schönhen and Baur (Schönherr, J., Baur, P. (1996), Effects of temperature, surfactants and other adjuvants on rates of uptake of organic compounds. In: The plant cuticle - an integrated functional approach, 134-155. Kerstiens, G. (ed.), BIOS Scientific publisher, Oxford); it is well-suited for systematic and mechanistic studies on the effects of formulations, adjuvants and solvents on the penetration of agrochemicals.

[0259] As described by Schönherr and Riederer (Schönherr, J., Riederer, M. (1986), Plantcuticles sorb lipophilic compounds during enzymatic isolation. Plant Cell Environ. 9, 459-466), the cuticle of apple leaves was isolated from leaves taken from trees grown in an orchard. A stomatal cuticle was obtained, lacking stomata only on the upper leaf surface. 18 mm diameter discs were punched from the leaves and permeated with an enzymatic solution of pectinase and cellulase. The cuticle was separated from the digested leaf cell broth, cleaned by gentle washing with water, and dried. After approximately 4 weeks of storage, the permeability of the cuticle reached a constant level, and the cuticle was ready for permeation testing.

[0260] Apply the stratum corneum to the diffusion container. Correct orientation is important: the inner surface of the stratum corneum should face the inside of the diffusion container. Apply the spray to the outer surface of the stratum corneum in the spray chamber. Invert the diffusion container and carefully fill it with the acceptor solution. An aqueous mixture buffered to pH 5.5 is used as the acceptor medium to mimic the apoplast as a natural desorption medium at the inner surface of the stratum corneum.

[0261] The diffusion container, filled with acceptors and a stirrer, was transferred to a temperature-controlled stainless steel block that ensured not only a well-defined temperature but also constant humidity at the cuticle surface containing the spray deposits. Experiments were started at 25°C, 30°C, or 35°C and maintained at a constant relative humidity of 60% or changed to 35°C 24 hours after application.

[0262] An autosampler picks up samples from the receiver at regular intervals, and the content of the active ingredient is determined by HPLC (DAD or MS). All data points are then processed to obtain the permeation kinetics. Due to the significant variation in the permeation barrier of the stratum corneum, each permeation kinetic is repeated five to ten times.

[0263] Method 14: Washing off the stratum corneum Dips of apple keratin were fixed to a glass microscope slide with the outer surface facing upwards, covered with a thin layer of medium-viscosity silicone oil. Different formulations diluted with a spray gun in deionized water containing 5% CIPAC C were applied using a micropipette, and the slides were allowed to dry for 1 hour. Each deposit was examined and imaged using an optical transmission microscope fitted with orthogonal polarizing filters. The slide containing the dried droplets of keratin with the formulation was held under a gentle flow of deionized water (approximately 300 ml / min, 10 cm below the tap outlet) for 15 seconds. The slides were allowed to dry, and the deposits were re-examined under the microscope and compared with the original images. The amount of active ingredient washed away was visually estimated and recorded in 10% increments. Three replicates were performed, and the average value was recorded.

[0264] Method 15: Wash the leaves Apple or corn leaf sections were attached to glass microscope slides. Using a micropipette, 0.9 to 1.4 μl of different formulations diluted with spray in deionized water containing 5% CIPAC and a small amount of fluorescent tracer (Tinopal OB, a micron-sized aqueous suspension) were applied and allowed to dry for 1 hour. The leaf deposits were imaged using a digital camera under UV irradiation (365 nm). The leaf sections were then held under a gentle flow of deionized water (approximately 300 ml / min, 10 cm below the tap outlet) for 15 seconds. The leaf sections were allowed to dry, and the deposits were re-imaged and compared with the original images. The amount of active ingredient washed away was visually estimated to be between 5 (mostly remaining) and 1 (mostly removed). Three or more replicates were measured, and the average value was recorded.

[0265] Method 16: Coverage (Spray) These experiments used greenhouse plants in their developmental stages as shown in Tables M1a and M1b. Before the spraying experiments, individual leaves were cut and placed in petri dishes, the ends taped together at 0° (horizontal) or 60° (to allow spraying of 50% of the leaf area). The leaves were carefully moved to avoid damaging the waxy surface. These horizontally oriented leaves were a) placed in a spray chamber where the spray liquid was applied via hydraulic nozzles.

[0266] A small amount of UV dye was added to the spray liquid to observe the spray deposits under UV irradiation. The dye concentration was chosen so as not to affect the surface properties of the spray liquid and not to promote its own diffusion. Tinopal OB was used as a colloidal suspension in all flowable and solid formulations, such as WG, SC, OD, and SE. Tinopal CBS-X or Blankophor SOL was used in formulations in which the active ingredient was dissolved, such as EC, EW, and SL. Tinopal CBS-X was dissolved in the aqueous phase and Blankophor SOL was dissolved in the oil phase.

[0267] After the spray liquid evaporated, the leaves were placed in a Camag, Reprostar 3 UV chamber where photographs of the spray deposits were taken under visible light and 366 nm ultraviolet light. A Canon EOS 700D digital camera was connected to the UV chamber to acquire images of the leaves. Images taken under visible light were used to subtract the leaf shape from the background. ImageJ software was used to calculate a) the percentage of coverage of the sprayed leaf by the applied spray or b) the diffusion area of ​​the pipette droplets, in mm. 2 Units.

[0268] Method 17: Coverage Area (Pipette) These experiments used greenhouse plants in their developmental stages as shown in Tables M1a and M1b. 1.4 μl drops of a spray containing a small amount of fluorescent tracer (Tinopal OB, a micron-sized aqueous suspension) were pipetted onto the top of the plant without touching the leaf surface and allowed to dry. Leaf deposits were imaged using a digital camera under UV irradiation (365 nm), and the area of ​​the deposits was measured using ImageJ software (www.fiji.com).

[0269] Method 18: Persistent Foam Persistent foam was determined according to CIPAC method MT 47.1, using the formulation dosage rate and spray volume shown in each example, and foam was recorded after 1 minute and 3 minutes (www.cipac.org).

[0270] Material Table MAT1: Exemplary trade names and CAS numbers of preferred drift-reducing materials – polymers (b) Table MAT2: Exemplary trade names and CAS numbers of preferred drift-reducing materials – oil (b) Table MAT4: Exemplary trade names and CAS numbers of preferred absorption-enhancing compounds (d) Table MAT5: Exemplary Trade Names of Preferred Wash-Reducing Materials (e) Table MAT6: Exemplary trade names and CAS numbers of preferred compounds (f) Examples of fungicides Example FN1: Oximetromethorphan 20 SC Table FN1.1: Formulations FN1.1, FN1.2 and FN1.3. The preparation method used is the same as Method 1.

[0271] greenhouse Table FN1.2: Biological effects on PHAKPA / soybean Method 12: Soybeans, 1-day protection, 7-day post-evaluation.

[0272] The results showed that, compared with the comparative formulation FN1.1, the exemplary formulation FN1.2 of the present invention exhibited higher efficacy at spray rates of 10 l / ha and 200 l / ha.

[0273] Wash the leaves Washing was determined according to method 15.

[0274] Table FN1.3: Blade Washing Data The formulation was tested at 0.5 l / ha. (+ = completely washed away, +++++ = completely remaining) The results showed that, compared with comparative formulations FN1.1 and FN1.3 which contained absorption-enhancing additive (d) but not rain-resistant additive (e), the exemplary formulation FN1.2 of the present invention exhibited a higher amount of applied formulation residue at a spray rate of 10 L / ha.

[0275] Example FN2: Inpyrfluxam SC Table FN2.1: Formulations FN2.1, FN2.2, FN2.3, FN2.4 and FN2.5 The preparation method used is the same as Method 1.

[0276] greenhouse Table FN2.2: Biological effects on PHAKPA / soybean Method 12: Soybeans, 1-day protection, 7-day post-evaluation.

[0277] The results showed that, compared with the comparative formulation FN2.4, the exemplary formulation FN2.5 of the present invention exhibited comparable or higher efficacy at spray rates of 10 and 200 l / ha. Furthermore, formulation FN2.5 showed higher efficacy at 10 l / ha compared to 200 l / ha.

[0278] stratum corneum penetration The permeability of the apple leaf cuticle was determined according to cuticle permeability test method 13.

[0279] Table FN2.3: Stratum corneum penetration of the inpyrfluxam SC formulation. The formulation was tested at 0.5 l / ha.

[0280] The results show that the exemplary formulation FN2.2 of the present invention has higher stratum corneum penetration at 10 l / ha and 200 l / ha than the comparative formulation FN2.1. Furthermore, formulation FN2.2 has higher penetration at 10 l / ha than at 200 l / ha.

[0281] Wash the leaves Washing was determined according to method 15.

[0282] Table FN2.4: Blade Washing Data The formulation was tested at 0.5 l / ha. (+ = completely washed away, +++++ = completely remaining) The results showed that, compared with the comparative formulation FN2.1, the exemplary formulation FN2.2 of the present invention exhibited a higher amount of applied formulation remaining at a spray rate of 10 L / ha, and a higher amount of applied formulation remaining at 10 and 200 L / ha compared with formulation FN2.2 containing drift-reducing additive (b) and absorption-enhancing additive (d) but not rain-resistant additive (e).

[0283] Example FN3: Fluopyram 200 SC Table FN3.1: Formulations FN3.1, FN3.2, and FN3.3 The preparation method used is the same as Method 1.

[0284] drift Drift was determined according to method 7.

[0285] Table FN3.2: Drift data for fluopyram SC formulation. The formulation was tested at 0.5 l / ha.

[0286] The results showed that, compared with the comparative formulation FN3.3 which did not contain drift-reducing oil (b), the exemplary formulation FN3.2 of the present invention exhibited a lower amount of driftable spray droplets smaller than 100 micrometers at a spray rate of 20 l / ha.

[0287] Wash the leaves The washing was determined according to method 13.

[0288] Table FN3.3: Blade Washing Data The formulation was tested at 0.5 l / ha. (+ = completely washed away, +++++ = completely remaining) The results showed that, compared with the comparative formulation FN3.3 which did not contain the rain-resistant agent (e), the exemplary formulation FN3.2 of the present invention exhibited a higher amount of applied formulation residue at a spray rate of 20 L / ha.

[0289] Example FN4: Prothioconazole 20 SC Table FN4.1: Formulations FN4.1 and FN4.2 The preparation method used is the same as Method 1.

[0290] greenhouse Table FN4.3: Biological effects on PHAKPA / soybean Method 12: Soybeans, 1-day protection, 7-day post-evaluation.

[0291] The results showed that, compared with the comparative formulation FN4.1, the exemplary formulation FN4.2 of the present invention exhibited higher efficacy at a spray rate of 200 l / ha and comparable efficacy at 10 l / ha.

[0292] Example FN5: Fluoxapiprolin 40 SC Table FN5.1: Formulas FN5.1, FN5.2, FN5.3, FN5.4, FN5.5, FN5.6 and FN5.7. The preparation method used is the same as Method 1.

[0293] drift Drift was determined according to method 7.

[0294] Table FN5.2: Drift data for fluoxapiprolin SC formulation. The formulation was tested at 0.5 l / ha.

[0295] The results showed that, compared with the comparative formulation FN5.1 which did not contain drift-reducing oil (b), exemplary formulations FN5.3, FN5.4, and FN5.5, with the dosage of drift-reducing oil (b) of the present invention, exhibited lower amounts of driftable portions of spray droplets smaller than 100 micrometers and smaller than 150 micrometers at a spray volume of 20 l / ha. Furthermore, compared with formulations FN5.6 and FN5.7 which contained significantly higher amounts of drift-reducing oil (b), the lower amounts of drift-reducing oil in formulations FN5.4 and FN5.5 achieved the same level of reduction in the amount of driftable portions of spray droplets smaller than 100 micrometers and smaller than 150 micrometers.

[0296] Example FN6: Bifenpyroxen 50 SC Table FN6.1: Formulations FN6.1, FN6.2, and FN6.3 The preparation method used is the same as Method 1.

[0297] drift Drift was determined according to method 7.

[0298] Table FN8.2: Drift data. The formulation was tested at 0.5 l / ha.

[0299] The results showed that, compared with the comparative formulation FN8.3 which did not contain drift-reducing oil (b), the exemplary formulation FN8.2 of the present invention exhibited a lower amount of driftable spray droplets smaller than 100 micrometers at a spray rate of 20 l / ha.

[0300] greenhouse Table FN6.3: Biological effects on PHAKPA / soybean Method 12: Soybeans, 1-day protection, 7-day post-evaluation.

[0301] The results showed that, compared with the comparative formulation FN6.1, the exemplary formulation FN6.2 of the present invention exhibited higher efficacy at spray rates of 10 and 200 l / ha.

[0302] Wash the leaves Washing was determined according to method 15.

[0303] Table FN6.4: Blade Washing Data The formulation was tested at 0.5 l / ha. (+ = completely washed away, +++++ = completely remaining) The results showed that, compared with the comparative formulation FN6.1, the exemplary formulation FN6.2 of the present invention exhibited a higher amount of applied formulation residue at a spray rate of 10 L / ha.

[0304] Example FN7: Fluopyram 150 SC Table FN7.1: Formulations FN7.1, FN7.2, FN7.3 and FN7.4 stratum corneum penetration The permeability of the apple leaf cuticle was determined according to cuticle permeability test method 13.

[0305] Table FN7.3: Cuticle penetration of fluopyram SC formulation. The formulation was tested at 0.5 l / ha.

[0306] The results showed that the exemplary formulation FN7.2 of the present invention had higher stratum corneum penetration compared to the comparative formulation FN7.1. Furthermore, formulation FN7.2 exhibited a higher penetration rate at 10 l / ha compared to 200 l / ha. Additionally, formulation FN7.3, containing a small amount of oil-based drift reducer (Crodamol® OP), had comparable stratum corneum penetration to the comparative formulation FN7.1, which contained no oil-based drift reducer, indicating that a small amount of oil does not enhance stratum corneum penetration and is not present at a level that affects the biodelivery of the active ingredient.

[0307] Wash the leaves Washing was determined according to method 15.

[0308] Table FN7.4: Blade Washing Data The formulation was tested at 0.5 l / ha. (+ = completely washed away, +++++ = completely remaining) The results showed that, compared with the comparative formulation FN7.4 which contained an absorption enhancer (d) but not a rain-resistant agent (e), the exemplary formulation FN7.2 of the present invention exhibited a higher amount of applied formulation residue at a spray rate of 10 L / ha.

[0309] Example FN8: Isoflucypram 10 SC Table FN8.1: Formulations FN8.1 and FN8.2 The preparation method used is the same as Method 1.

[0310] greenhouse Table FN8.3: Biological effects on PUCCRT / wheat Method 12: Wheat, 2-day protection, 7-day post-evaluation.

[0311] The results show that the exemplary formulation FN8.2 of the present invention exhibits higher efficacy than the comparative formulation FN8.1 at both 10 and 200 l / ha spray rates. Furthermore, formulation FN8.2 shows higher efficacy at 10 l / ha compared to 200 l / ha.

[0312] Images of leaf deposits on sprayed wheat plants are shown Figure 1 The study showed that both the exemplary formulation FN8.2 and the comparative formulation FN8.1 exhibited poor coverage at 10 l / ha. Surprisingly, the exemplary formulation FN8.2 of the present invention showed significantly higher efficacy, demonstrating unexpectedly good biological effects in the absorption of active ingredients by the absorption enhancer at low spray volumes.

[0313] Wash the leaves The washing was determined according to method 13.

[0314] Table FN8.4: Blade Washing Data The formulation was tested at 0.5 l / ha. (+ = completely washed away, +++++ = completely remaining) The results showed that, compared with the comparative formulation FN8.1, the exemplary formulation FN8.2 of the present invention exhibited higher applied formulation residues at spray rates of 10 and 200 L / ha.

[0315] Example FN9: Fluoxapiprolin 10 SC Table FN9.1: Formulations FN9.1 and FN9.2 The preparation method used is the same as Method 1.

[0316] drift Drift was determined according to method 9.

[0317] Table FN9.2: Drift data for fluoxapiprolin SC formulation. The formulation was tested at 0.35 l / ha.

[0318] The results showed that, compared with comparative formulations FN9.1 and FN9.3 which did not contain drift-reducing oil (b), the exemplary formulation FN9.2 of the present invention exhibited lower drift at a spray rate of 10 L / ha.

[0319] greenhouse Table FN9.3: Biological effects on PHYTIN / tomato Method 12: Tomato, 1-day protection, 4-day evaluation.

[0320] The results showed that the comparative formulation FN9.1 exhibited a significant decrease in efficacy when the spray volume was reduced from 200 l / ha to 15 l / ha. This indicates that the formulation FN9.2 of the present invention maintained significantly better efficacy when the spray volume was reduced from 200 l / ha to 15 l / ha. Furthermore, compared to the comparative formulation FN9.1, formulation FN9.2 showed higher efficacy at a spray volume of 15 l / ha.

[0321] Images of leaf deposits on sprayed tomato plants are shown Figure 2 The exemplary formulation FN9.2 and the comparative formulation FN9.1 of the present invention both exhibit poor coverage at 15 l / ha, as expected for sprays applied at low spray volumes. Surprisingly, the exemplary formulation FN9.2 of the present invention here shows significantly higher efficacy, demonstrating unexpectedly good biological effects of absorbing the active ingredient through the absorption enhancer at low spray volumes.

[0322] Example FN10: Fluopyram SC Table FN10.1: Formulations FN10.1, FN10.2, FN10.3 and FN10.4. The preparation method used is the same as method 2.

[0323] Dispersion on tomato plants Tomato plants (BBCH14) at the 4-leaf stage were sprayed using a TeeJet® TP8002E nozzle at a pressure of 2 bar. A spray volume of 15 l / ha was achieved using a PWM device. A small amount of fluorescent marker was added to the spray liquid, and the % coverage was visually determined under UV irradiation (365 nm).

[0324] Table FN10.2: Spray % coverage on tomato plants. The formulation is applied at a rate of 1.0 l / ha.

[0325] The results showed that, compared with the comparative formulation FN10.1, the exemplary formulation FN10.2 of the present invention exhibited comparable leaf coverage at spray rates of 15 l / ha and 200 l / ha.

[0326] greenhouse Table FN10.3: Biological effects on PHYTIN / tomato Method 12: Tomato, 1-day protection, 4-day evaluation.

[0327] The results showed that, compared with the comparative formulation FN10.1, the exemplary formulation FN10.2 of the present invention exhibited better efficacy at both 200 l / ha and 15 l / ha. Furthermore, compared with 200 l / ha, due to the observed lower coverage (Table FN10.3), the efficacy of formulation FN10.2 was unexpectedly high at 15 l / ha, demonstrating the beneficial effect of the absorption enhancer (d) at a spray volume of 15 l / ha.

[0328] Physics Visually assess the physical aspects of viscosity.

[0329] Table FN10.4: Physical aspects of the formulation. The results showed that formulation FN10.4 was too viscous for customer use and indicated an upper limit to the concentration of polymers that could be incorporated into SC formulations. For the drift-reducing polymer AgRho DR2000, this limit was approximately 10 g / L.

[0330] Example FN11: Inpyrfluxam 10 SC Table FN11.1: Formulations FN11.1, FN11.2, and FN11.3 The preparation method used is the same as Method 1.

[0331] drift Drift was determined according to method 7.

[0332] Table FN11.2: Drift data. The formulation was tested at 0.5 l / ha.

[0333] The results showed that, compared with the comparative formulation FN11.3 which did not contain drift-reducing oil (b), the exemplary formulation FN11.2 of the present invention exhibited a lower driftable droplet fraction at a spray rate of 20 l / ha.

[0334] Example FN12: Fluoxapiprolin SC Table FN12.1: Formulas FN12.1, FN12.2, and FN12.3. The preparation method used is the same as method 2.

[0335] drift Drift was determined according to method 7.

[0336] Table FN12.2: Drift data. The formulation was tested at 0.5 l / ha.

[0337] The results showed that, compared with the comparative formulation FN12.3 which did not contain the drift-reducing polymer (b), the exemplary formulation FN12.2 of the present invention exhibited a lower driftable droplet fraction at a spray rate of 20 l / ha.

[0338] Example FN16: Bifenpyroxen SC Table FN16.1: Formulations FN16.1, FN16.2, FN16.3, FN16.4 and FN16.5. The preparation method used is the same as method 2.

[0339] Physics Visually assess the physical aspects of viscosity.

[0340] Table FN16.4: Physical aspects of the formulation. The results showed that the polymer Polyox® WSR301 can be incorporated into SC formulations in a concentration range of 0.3 to 1.2 g / L.

[0341] Spray droplet size The size of the spray droplets was determined according to Method 9.

[0342] Table FN16.4: Driftable portion of spray droplets. The formulation is applied at a spray rate of 0.5 l / ha in a 15 l / ha spray.

[0343] The results showed that the polymer Polyox® WSR301 could reduce the drift portion of spray droplets of <100 μm and <150 μm in the concentration range of 0.6 to 1.2 g / L (for formulations used at 0.5 l / ha in a spray volume of 15 l / ha).

[0344] Example FN17: Tebuconazole SC Table FN17.1: Formulas FN17.1, FN17.2, FN17.3, FN17.4 and FN17.5. The preparation method used is the same as method 2.

[0345] Table FN17.2: Formulas FN17.6, FN17.7, FN17.8 and FN17.9. The preparation method used is the same as method 2.

[0346] Physics Visually assess the physical aspects of viscosity.

[0347] Table FN17.3: Physical aspects of the formulation. The results showed that the polymer Polyox® WSRN12K can be incorporated into SC formulations in a concentration range of 0.6 to 2.4 g / L.

[0348] Spray droplet size The size of the spray droplets was determined according to Method 9.

[0349] Table FN17.5: Driftable portion of spray droplets. The formulation is applied at a spray rate of 0.5 l / ha in a 15 l / ha spray.

[0350] The results showed that the polymer Polyox® WSR N12K could reduce the drift fraction of spray droplets <100 μm and <150 μm in a concentration range of 0.6 to 2.4 g / L (for a formulation used at 0.5 l / ha in a spray volume of 15 l / ha). Furthermore, these results also indicated a reduction in the drift fraction when using an absorption enhancer (d).

[0351] Insecticide Examples Example IN1: Spirotetramethrin 150 SC Table IN1.1:Formula IN11 and IN15. The preparation method used is the same as Method 1.

[0352] Pipetting and diffusion test on the blade Leaf sediment size was determined according to method 17.

[0353] Table IN1.2: Droplet size and dosage of spray dilution on untextured apple leaves and textured rice leaves The formulation is applied at a rate of 8 / 15 / 100 l / ha.

[0354] The results show that the exemplary formulation IN15 of the present invention exhibits a larger deposit size at a spray rate of 15 L / ha than that at a spray rate of 100 L / ha, and this is also true compared to the comparative formulation IN11.

[0355] stratum corneum penetration The permeability of the apple leaf cuticle was determined according to cuticle permeability test method 13.

[0356] Table IN1.3: Stratum corneum penetration of spirotetramatine SC formulation. The formulation was tested at 0.5 l / ha.

[0357] The results showed that the exemplary formulation IN15 of the present invention had higher stratum corneum penetration at 10 l / ha and 200 l / ha than the comparative formulation IN11. Furthermore, formulation IN15 had higher penetration at 10 l / ha than at 200 l / ha after 48 hours.

[0358] Wash the leaves The washing rate was determined according to Method 15, but the washing rate was 600 mL / min.

[0359] Table IN1.4: Blade Washout Data The formulation was tested at 0.5 l / ha. (+ = completely washed away, +++++ = completely remaining) Example IN2: Tetraazonamide 80 SC Table IN2.1: Formulas IN21, IN25 and IN85 The preparation methods used are referenced to Method 1 (IN21, IN25) and Method 2 (IN85).

[0360] Wash the leaves The washing rate was determined according to Method 15, but the washing rate was 600 mL / min.

[0361] Table IN2.2: Blade Washout Data The formulation was tested at 0.5 l / ha. (+ = completely washed away, +++++ = completely remaining) The results showed that, compared with the comparative formulation IN21, the exemplary formulations IN25 and IN85 of the present invention exhibited higher residual amounts of the applied formulation at a spray rate of 10 L / ha.

[0362] Example IN3: Imidacloprid + Thiamethoxam 300 SC Table IN3.1: Formulas IN31 and IN35. The preparation method used is the same as Method 1.

[0363] Pipetting and diffusion test on the blade Leaf sediment size was determined according to method 17.

[0364] Table IN3.2: Droplet size and dosage for spray dilution on untextured apple leaves and textured rice leaves. The formulation is applied at a rate of 8 / 15 / 100 l / ha.

[0365] The results show that the exemplary formulation IN32 of the present invention exhibits a larger deposit size at spray rates of 8 and 15 L / ha than that at a spray rate of 100 L / ha, and this is also true compared to the comparative formulation IN31.

[0366] stratum corneum penetration The permeability of the apple leaf cuticle was determined according to cuticle permeability test method 13.

[0367] Table IN3.3: Cuticle penetration of imidacloprid in the imidacloprid + thiamethoxam SC formulation. The formulation was tested at 0.5 l / ha.

[0368] The results show that the exemplary formulation IN35 of the present invention has higher stratum corneum penetration at 10 l / ha and 200 l / ha than the comparative formulation IN31. Furthermore, formulation IN35 has higher penetration at 10 l / ha than at 200 l / ha.

[0369] Table IN3.4: Cuticle penetration of thiamethoxam in the imidacloprid + thiamethoxam SC formulation. The formulation was tested at 0.5 l / ha.

[0370] The results show that the exemplary formulation IN35 of the present invention has higher stratum corneum penetration at 10 l / ha and 200 l / ha than the comparative formulation IN31. Furthermore, formulation IN35 has higher penetration at 10 l / ha than at 200 l / ha.

[0371] Wash the leaves The washing rate was determined according to Method 15, but the washing rate was 600 mL / min.

[0372] Table IN3.5: Blade Washout Data The formulation was tested at 0.5 l / ha. (+ = completely washed away, +++++ = completely remaining) The results showed that, compared with the comparative formulation IN35, the exemplary formulation IN35 of the present invention exhibited a higher amount of applied formulation residue at spray rates of 10 L / ha and 200 L / ha.

[0373] Example IN4: deltamethrin 25 SC Table IN4.1: Formulas IN41 and IN45. The preparation method used is the same as Method 1.

[0374] Pipetting and diffusion test on the blade Leaf sediment size was determined according to method 17.

[0375] Table IN4.2: Droplet size and dosage for spray dilution on untextured apple leaves and textured rice leaves The formulation is applied at a rate of 8 / 15 / 100 l / ha.

[0376] The results show that the exemplary formulation IN45 of the present invention exhibits a larger deposit size at spray rates of 8 and 15 L / ha than that at a spray rate of 100 L / ha, and this is also true compared to the comparative formulation IN41.

[0377] Example IN5: Acetonitrile 200 SC Table IN5.1: Formulas IN51 and IN55. The preparation method used is the same as Method 1.

[0378] Pipetting and diffusion test on the blade Leaf sediment size was determined according to method 17.

[0379] Table IN5.2: Droplet size and dosage for spray dilution on untextured apple leaves and textured rice leaves The formulation is applied at a rate of 8 / 15 / 100 l / ha.

[0380] The results show that the exemplary formulation IN52 of the present invention exhibits a larger deposit size at spray rates of 8 and 15 L / ha than at a spray rate of 100 L / ha, and this is also true compared to the comparative formulation IN51.

[0381] Wash the leaves The washing rate was determined according to Method 15, but the washing rate was 600 mL / min.

[0382] Table IN5.3: Blade Washing Data The formulation was tested at 0.5 l / ha. (+ = completely washed away, +++++ = completely remaining) The results showed that, compared with the comparative formulation IN51, the exemplary formulation IN55 of the present invention exhibited a higher amount of applied formulation residue at spray rates of 10 L / ha and 200 L / ha.

[0383] Example IN6: Flupyrrolidone 150 SC Table IN6.1: Formulas IN61 and IN65. The preparation method is the same as Method 1.

[0384] Wash the leaves The washing rate was determined according to Method 15, but the washing rate was 600 mL / min.

[0385] Table IN6.2: Blade Washout Data The formulation was tested at 0.5 l / ha. (+ = completely washed away, +++++ = completely remaining) The results showed that, compared with the comparative formulation IN61, the exemplary formulation IN65 of the present invention exhibited a higher amount of applied formulation residue at a spray rate of 200 L / ha.

[0386] Example IN7: Spidoxamat 48 SC Table IN7.1: Formulas IN71 and IN75. The preparation method is the same as Method 1.

[0387] Wash the leaves The washing rate was determined according to Method 15, but the washing rate was 600 mL / min.

[0388] Table IN7.2: Blade Washing Data The formulation was tested at 0.5 l / ha. (+ = completely washed away, +++++ = completely remaining) The results showed that, compared with the comparative formulation IN71, the exemplary formulation IN75 of the present invention exhibited higher applied formulation residues at spray rates of 10 and 200 L / ha.

[0389] Herbicide Examples Example HB1.1: Triamanone 100 SC Table HB1.1: Formulas HB1.1, HB1.2, and HB1.3. The preparation method is the same as method 2.

[0390] drift Drift was determined according to method 7.

[0391] Table HB1.2: Drift data. The formulation was tested at 0.5 l / ha.

[0392] The results showed that, compared with the comparative formulation HB1.3 which did not contain drift-reducing additive (b), the exemplary formulation HB1.2 of the present invention exhibited a lower driftable droplet fraction of less than 150 micrometers at a spray rate of 10 l / ha.

[0393] Table HB1.3: Drift data. The formulation was tested at 0.5 l / ha.

[0394] The results showed that, compared with the comparative formulation HB1.3 which did not contain drift-reducing additive (b), the exemplary formulation HB1.2 of the present invention exhibited a lower driftable droplet fraction of less than 150 micrometers at a spray rate of 20 l / ha.

[0395] stratum corneum penetration The permeability of the apple leaf cuticle was determined according to cuticle permeability test method 13.

[0396] Table HB1.4: Stratum corneum penetration of Triamanone SC formulation. The formulation was tested at 0.5 l / ha.

[0397] The results show that the exemplary formulation HB1.2 of the present invention has higher stratum corneum penetration at 10 l / ha and 200 l / ha than the comparative formulation HB1.1. Furthermore, formulation HB1.2 has higher penetration at 10 l / ha than at 200 l / ha.

[0398] Wash the leaves Table HB.1.5: Leaf Washing Data The formulation was tested at 0.5 l / ha. (+ = completely washed away, +++++ = completely remaining) The results showed that, compared with the comparative formulation HB1.1, the exemplary formulation HB1.2 of the present invention exhibited a higher amount of applied formulation residue at spray rates of 10 L / ha and 200 L / ha.

[0399] Example HB2: Cyclosulfonone + Bisoxazolamide 315 SC Table HB2.1: Formulas HB2.1 and HB2.2 The preparation method is the same as Method 1.

[0400] stratum corneum penetration The permeability of the apple leaf cuticle was determined according to cuticle permeability test method 13.

[0401] Table HB2.2: Stratum corneum penetration of Triamanone SC formulation. The formulation was tested at 0.5 l / ha.

[0402] The results show that the exemplary formulation HB2.2 of the present invention has higher stratum corneum penetration at 10 l / ha and 200 l / ha than the comparative formulation HB2.1. Furthermore, formulation HB2.2 has higher penetration at 10 l / ha than at 200 l / ha.

[0403] Wash the leaves Table HB.2.3: Leaf Washing Data The formulation was tested at 0.5 l / ha. (+ = completely washed away, +++++ = completely remaining) The results showed that, compared with the comparative formulation HB2.1, the exemplary formulation HB2.2 of the present invention exhibited higher applied formulation residues at spray rates of 10 L / ha and 200 L / ha.

[0404] Example HB3: Thiazosulfonamide + Cyproteronesulfonamide 200 SC Table HB3.1: Formulas HB3.1, HB3.2, and HB3.3. The preparation method is the same as Method 1.

[0405] drift Drift was determined according to method 7.

[0406] Table HB3.2: Drift data. The formulation was tested at 0.5 l / ha.

[0407] The results showed that, compared with the comparative formulation HB3.3 which did not contain drift-reducing additive (b), the exemplary formulation HB3.2 of the present invention exhibited lower amounts of spray droplet drift portions smaller than 100 micrometers and smaller than 150 micrometers at a spray rate of 20 l / ha.

[0408] Wash the leaves Table HB.3.3: Leaf Washing Data The formulation was tested at 0.5 l / ha. (+ = completely washed away, +++++ = completely remaining) The results showed that, compared with the comparative formulation HB3.1, the exemplary formulation HB3.2 of the present invention exhibited a higher amount of applied formulation residue at a spray rate of 10 L / ha.

Claims

1. Agricultural chemical agents, including components a) One or more active ingredients, b) One or more drift-reducing components, d) One or more absorption enhancers, e) One or more rain-resistant additives, and f) Optional other formulations, g) One or more carriers to fill the volume. Components containing the following amounts a) to g) a) 5 to 500 g / l b) 0.01 to 50 g / l, and 1 to 50 g / l when component b) is a vegetable oil or ester, and 0.05 to 3 g / l when component b) is a drift-reducing polymer. d) 10 to 180 g / l e) 5 to 150 g / l, and g) A carrier to replenish the volume; in, Component a) The active ingredient is selected from azoxystrobin, bifenthiophanate-methyl, prothioconazole, inpyrfluxam, isoflucypram, fluopyram, fluopyram, fluoxapiprolin, isothiazamine, spirotetramat, tetrazolium, acetamiprid, imidacloprid, deltamethrin, flupyrflurane, spidoxamat, triafamone, cyclosulfonamide, thiamethoxamyl methyl ester, dibenzoxazolamide, and cyprosulfamat. Component b) The drift-reducing component is selected from poly(ethylene) oxides having an average molecular weight of 0.5 to 12 megagrams / mol, as well as vegetable oils and vegetable oil esters, wherein the vegetable oil esters are selected from methyl esters, ethyl esters, isopropyl esters, isobutyl esters, butyl esters, hexyl esters, and ethylhexyl esters. Component d) The absorption enhancer is selected from ethoxylated alcohols, propoxy-ethoxylated alcohols, ethoxylated carboxylic acids, propoxy-ethoxylated carboxylic acids, or ethoxylated glycerol monoesters, diesters, or tripesters comprising a fatty acid having 8-18 carbon atoms and an average of 5-40 EO units, wherein the alcohol is a branched or straight-chain, saturated or unsaturated alcohol having 6-22 carbon atoms and optionally with additional substituents, and the carboxylic acid is a branched or straight-chain, saturated or unsaturated carboxylic acid having 6-22 carbon atoms and optionally with additional substituents, or the absorption enhancer is selected from propoxy-ethoxylated butanol, and Component e) The rain-resistant additive is an emulsion polymer or polymer dispersion with a Tg of -100°C to 30°C, wherein the polymer is a copolymer of styrene with acrylic acid and / or acrylates, wherein the acrylates are selected from 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, butyl acrylate, sec-butyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, methyl acrylate, isobutyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate or combinations thereof, and wherein the styrene is selected from styrene, tert-butylstyrene, p-methylstyrene or combinations thereof.

2. The agricultural chemical formulation according to claim 1, wherein component f) other formulation agents are mandatory and comprise at least two of nonionic surfactants and / or ionic surfactants (f1), rheology modifiers (f2), defoamers (f3), antifreeze agents (f4), and other formulation agents (f5), and are present in the following dosages: f1) 8 to 120 g / l, f2) 1 to 20 g / l, f3) 0.5 to 20 g / l, f4) 5 to 150 g / l, and f5) 0.1 to 120 g / l.

3. The agricultural chemical agent according to claim 1, wherein component b) the drift-reducing component is a polymer selected from poly(ethylene) oxides having an average molecular weight of 0.5 to 12 million g / mol.

4. The agricultural chemical agent according to claim 1, wherein component b) the drift-reducing component is a polymer selected from poly(ethylene) oxides having an average molecular weight of 0.75 to 10 megagrams / mol.

5. The agricultural chemical agent according to claim 1, wherein component b) the drift-reducing component is a polymer selected from poly(ethylene) oxides having an average molecular weight of 1 to 8 million g / mol.

6. The agricultural chemical agent according to claim 1, wherein component b) the drift-reducing component is a polymer selected from poly(ethylene) oxides having an average molecular weight of 0.5 to 12 megagrams / mol and present in an amount of 0.1 to 3 g / L.

7. The agricultural chemical agent according to claim 1, wherein component b) the drift-reducing component is a polymer selected from poly(ethylene) oxides having an average molecular weight of 0.75 to 10 million g / mol and present in an amount of 0.1 to 3 g / L.

8. The agricultural chemical agent according to claim 1, wherein component b) the drift-reducing component is a polymer selected from poly(ethylene) oxides having an average molecular weight of 1 to 8 million g / mol and present in an amount of 0.1 to 3 g / L.

9. The agricultural chemical agent according to claim 1, wherein component b) the drift-reducing component is a polymer selected from poly(ethylene) oxides having an average molecular weight of 0.5 to 12 million g / mol and present in an amount of 0.2 to 3 g / L.

10. The agricultural chemical agent according to claim 1, wherein component b) the drift-reducing component is a polymer selected from poly(ethylene) oxides having an average molecular weight of 0.75 to 10 megagrams / mol and present in an amount of 0.2 to 3 g / L.

11. The agricultural chemical agent according to claim 1, wherein component b) the drift-reducing component is a polymer selected from poly(ethylene) oxides having an average molecular weight of 1 to 8 million g / mol and present in an amount of 0.2 to 3 g / L.

12. The agricultural chemical agent according to claim 2, wherein component b) the drift-reducing component is a polymer selected from poly(ethylene) oxides having an average molecular weight of 0.5 to 12 million g / mol.

13. The agricultural chemical agent according to claim 2, wherein component b) the drift-reducing component is a polymer selected from poly(ethylene) oxides having an average molecular weight of 0.75 to 10 megagrams / mol.

14. The agricultural chemical agent according to claim 2, wherein component b) the drift-reducing component is a polymer selected from poly(ethylene) oxides having an average molecular weight of 1 to 8 million g / mol.

15. The agricultural chemical agent according to claim 2, wherein component b) the drift-reducing component is a polymer selected from poly(ethylene) oxides having an average molecular weight of 0.5 to 12 megagrams / mol and present in an amount of 0.1 to 3 g / L.

16. The agricultural chemical agent according to claim 2, wherein component b) the drift-reducing component is a polymer selected from poly(ethylene) oxides having an average molecular weight of 0.75 to 10 megagrams / mol and present in an amount of 0.1 to 3 g / L.

17. The agricultural chemical agent according to claim 2, wherein component b) the drift-reducing component is a polymer selected from poly(ethylene) oxides having an average molecular weight of 1 to 8 million g / mol and present in an amount of 0.1 to 3 g / L.

18. The agricultural chemical agent according to claim 2, wherein component b) the drift-reducing component is a polymer selected from poly(ethylene) oxides having an average molecular weight of 0.5 to 12 million g / mol and present in an amount of 0.2 to 3 g / L.

19. The agricultural chemical agent according to claim 2, wherein component b) the drift-reducing component is a polymer selected from poly(ethylene) oxides having an average molecular weight of 0.75 to 10 million g / mol and present in an amount of 0.2 to 3 g / L.

20. The agricultural chemical agent according to claim 2, wherein component b) the drift-reducing component is a polymer selected from poly(ethylene) oxides having an average molecular weight of 1 to 8 million g / mol and present in an amount of 0.2 to 3 g / L.

21. The agricultural chemical preparation according to claim 1, wherein component b) the drift-reducing component is selected from vegetable oils and vegetable oil esters, and is present in an amount of 1 to 50 g / L.

22. The agricultural chemical preparation according to claim 1, wherein component b) the drift-reducing component is selected from vegetable oils and vegetable oil esters, and is present in an amount of 5 to 30 g / L.

23. The agricultural chemical preparation according to claim 1, wherein component b) the drift-reducing component is selected from vegetable oils and vegetable oil esters, and is present in an amount of 6 to 30 g / L.

24. The agricultural chemical preparation according to claim 2, wherein component b) the drift-reducing component is selected from vegetable oils and vegetable oil esters, and is present in an amount of 1 to 50 g / L.

25. The agricultural chemical preparation according to claim 2, wherein component b) the drift-reducing component is selected from vegetable oils and vegetable oil esters, and is present in an amount of 5 to 30 g / L.

26. The agricultural chemical preparation according to claim 2, wherein component b) the drift-reducing component is selected from vegetable oils and vegetable oil esters, and is present in an amount of 6 to 30 g / L.

27. The agricultural chemical preparation according to any one of claims 1 to 2, wherein component a) the active ingredient is present in an amount of 10 to 320 g / L.

28. The agricultural chemical preparation according to any one of claims 1 to 2, wherein component a) the active ingredient is present in an amount of 20 to 230 g / L.

29. The agricultural chemical preparation according to any one of claims 1 to 2, wherein component d) the absorption enhancer is present in an amount of 20 to 150 g / L.

30. The agricultural chemical preparation according to any one of claims 1 to 2, wherein component d) the absorption enhancer is present in an amount of 30 to 140 g / L.

31. The agricultural chemical preparation according to any one of claims 1 to 2, wherein component e) the rain-resistant additive is present in an amount of 10 to 100 g / l.

32. The agricultural chemical preparation according to any one of claims 1 to 2, wherein component e) the rain-resistant additive is present in an amount of 20 to 80 g / l.

33. The agricultural chemical preparation according to any one of claims 1 to 2, wherein component f) other formulation agents comprise at least one nonionic surfactant and / or ionic surfactant (f1), a rheology modifier (f2), an antifoaming agent (f3), and at least one antifreeze agent (f4).

34. The agricultural chemical preparation according to any one of claims 1 to 2, comprising the following components a) to g). a) 10 to 320 g / l, b) 0.1 to 30 g / l, and 5 to 30 g / l when component b) is a vegetable oil or ester, and 0.1 to 2 g / l when component b) is a drift-reducing polymer. d) 20 to 150 g / l e) 10 to 100 g / l, f1) 8 to 120 g / L of nonionic and / or ionic surfactants, f2) Rheology modifiers ranging from 1 to 20 g / L, f3) 0.5 to 20 g / L of defoaming agent, f4) Antifreeze of 5 to 150 g / L, f5) Other formulation agents from 0.1 to 120 g / L, and g) A carrier that fills up to the required volume.

35. The agricultural chemical preparation according to any one of claims 1 to 2, comprising the following components a) to g). a) 20 to 230 g / l, b) 1 to 20 g / l, and 5 to 30 g / l when component b) is a vegetable oil or ester, and 0.1 to 2 g / l when component b) is a drift-reducing polymer. d) 30 to 140 g / l e) 20 to 80 g / l, f1) 10 to 80 g / L of nonionic and / or ionic surfactants, f2) Rheology modifiers of 2 to 10 g / L, f3) Defoaming agents of 1 to 12 g / L, f4) Antifreeze of 10 to 120 g / L, f5) Other formulation agents from 0.5 to 80 g / l, and g) A carrier that fills up to the required volume.

36. The agricultural chemical preparation according to any one of claims 1 to 2, comprising the following components a) to g). a) 10 to 320 g / l, b) 0.1 to 30 g / l, and 6 to 30 g / l when component b) is a vegetable oil or ester, and 0.2 to 1.5 g / l when component b) is a drift-reducing polymer. d) 20 to 150 g / l e) 10 to 100 g / l, f1) 8 to 120 g / L of nonionic and / or ionic surfactants, f2) Rheology modifiers ranging from 1 to 20 g / L, f3) 0.5 to 20 g / L of defoaming agent, f4) Antifreeze of 5 to 150 g / L, f5) Other formulation agents from 0.1 to 120 g / l, and g) A carrier that fills up to the required volume.

37. The agricultural chemical preparation according to any one of claims 1 to 2, comprising the following components a) to g). a) 20 to 230 g / l, b) 1 to 20 g / l, and 6 to 30 g / l when component b) is a vegetable oil or ester, and 0.2 to 1.5 g / l when component b) is a drift-reducing polymer. d) 30 to 140 g / l e) 20 to 80 g / l, f1) 10 to 80 g / L of nonionic and / or ionic surfactants, f2) Rheology modifiers of 2 to 10 g / L, f3) Defoaming agents of 1 to 12 g / L, f4) Antifreeze of 10 to 120 g / L, f5) Other formulation agents from 0.5 to 80 g / l, and g) A carrier that fills up to the required volume.

38. The agricultural chemical preparation according to any one of claims 1 to 2, wherein the preparation is a canned preparation.

39. A method of applying an agricultural chemical agent according to any one of claims 1 to 38 to a crop, wherein the agent is applied at a spray rate of 1 to 30 l / ha.

40. A method of applying an agricultural chemical agent according to any one of claims 1 to 38 to a crop, wherein the agent is applied at a spray rate of 1 to 20 l / ha.

41. A method of applying an agricultural chemical agent according to any one of claims 1 to 38 to a crop, wherein the agent is applied at a spray rate of 2 to 15 l / ha.

42. A method of applying an agricultural chemical agent according to any one of claims 1 to 38 to a crop, wherein the agent is applied at a spray rate of 5 to 15 l / ha.

43. Use of the agricultural chemical agent according to any one of claims 1 to 38 in the application of agricultural chemical compounds to control pests, wherein the agent is applied to the plant or its habitat by means of a drone system, unmanned guided vehicle or tractor equipped with a cantilever sprayer or a rotary disc droplet applicator with conventional nozzles and pulse width modulation nozzles.

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