Method, mechanical device and apparatus for measuring physical parameters of an object

Abstract

A method, a mechanical device and an apparatus for measuring physical parameters of an object. The invention provides a technique focused on weighing, mainly for objects with ferromagnetic properties. When applied to ferromagnetic bodies, the invention also proposes a solution for determining the magnetic induction of the object, particularly useful when analyzing bodies composed of composite materials. The invention also provides a solution for weighing objects in motion, such as components transported on a conveyor belt. Thus, the invention proposes a mechanical device simple, reliable, inexpensive and easy to produce, which can be used jointly with the proposed method and apparatus. The invention differs from the state of the art in that it proposes an improvement to the traditional weighing and two new concepts related to the problem. Regarding the improvement to the traditional weighing, a solution of the type attract-measure-release is proposed, and regarding the new concept of weighing, a mass measurement of the electromagnetic equivalent and natural frequency is proposed.

Description

[0001] This invention relates to a method, mechanical apparatus, and device for measuring mass or weight, magnetic flux density, or the quantity of ferromagnetic material or iron in a ferromagnetic body, and for defining, classifying, and selecting said ferromagnetic objects. It provides a technique focused on weighing, primarily for weighing objects with ferromagnetic properties. When applied to ferromagnetic bodies, the invention also proposes a solution for determining the magnetic flux density of said object, which is particularly useful in analyzing objects composed of composite materials. It also provides a mechanism for weighing objects in motion, such as components conveyed on a conveyor belt. Therefore, the invention proposes simple, reliable, inexpensive, and easily manufactured mechanical devices that can be used in conjunction with the proposed method and apparatus. The invention introduces three new concepts related to weighing: the attraction-measurement-release solution described herein, the electromagnetic equivalence solution described herein, and the solution described herein for measuring mass via natural frequency. Technical Field

[0002] The present invention relates to methods, machinery, and apparatus for measuring the physical parameters of ferromagnetic materials, belonging to the fields of weighing technology, determining the composition of solid materials, and experimentally measuring the ferromagnetic properties of solids, and is applicable to any industrial field.

[0003] The purpose of this invention

[0004] The purpose of the methods, machinery, and apparatus for measuring the physical parameters of ferromagnetic materials of the present invention is to provide a solution to the respective markets for determining the magnetic induction intensity of objects made of said solid material, which is particularly useful in analyzing objects composed of composite materials. Another purpose of the present invention is to weigh objects in motion, such as parts conveyed on a conveyor belt. Therefore, the present invention provides simple, reliable, inexpensive, and easily manufactured machinery that can be used in conjunction with the proposed methods and apparatus to replace conventional mechanical scales. Background Technology

[0005] The concept of this invention relates to the old concept of weighing. The following paragraphs refer to the basic principles disclosed in the current state of the art, but these principles are essential to the concept of this invention.

[0006] First, the concepts of mass and weight are different. Mass is a scalar quantity, referring to the natural tendency of an object to resist changes in its original state of rest or motion. Weight P is a force, and therefore a vector quantity, which is related to the mass m in relation to the local gravitational acceleration g by applying Newton's second law:

[0007] P = mg(1)

[0008] In the International System of Units (SI), mass is expressed in kilograms (kg), and acceleration is expressed in meters per second squared (m / s²). 2The unit is kilogram-meter-second (kg m / s). Therefore, weight is expressed in the square of kilogram-meter-second (kg m / s). 2 The unit is Newton (N). Weighing scales ("scales") known in this art depend on the gravitational field they are subjected to. Therefore, conventional scales measure weight, not mass. This fact is determined by the fundamental premise that the measurement direction of conventional weighing scales is forcibly aligned with the direction of gravitational acceleration: perpendicular.

[0009] Although the above definitions are quite clear and have been known for centuries, the concepts of mass and weight are often confused. This confusion is exacerbated by the use of the kilogram-force (kgf) unit to measure weight, which is similar to the kilogram (kg) unit of mass. However, this confusion generally does not have serious consequences because, by definition, an object with a mass of 1 kilogram on Earth weighs 1 kgf. The vast majority of engineering applications are limited to Earth, where gravity is approximately 9.81 m / s². 2 The constant value of mass and weight. Therefore, it can be deduced from Formula 1 that the weight of an object with a mass of 1 kg is 9.81 N, or 1 kgf as defined. This clarification of mass and weight is of particular significance in explaining variant C of the invention, as shown above.

[0010] Referring to the concept of weighing, Figure 1 The original concept of a scale consisting of a lever system (1) is shown. The scale consists of two plates (2), each suspended on one side (3) of the lever (1), with the distances from the two sides (3) of the lever to the fulcrum (4) being approximately equal. The operating principle is to balance the torque generated on the two sides (3) of the lever (1) at the fulcrum (4) by adjusting the weights in the two plates (2), verifying the perfect levelness of the lever (1), a condition representing zero torque at the fulcrum (4). Therefore, the object to be weighed (5) is placed on one plate (2), and weights (6) with known values ​​are placed on the other plate (2).

[0011] The evolution of the mechanical scale includes Gilles de Roberval, who invented it in 1669. Figure 2 The mechanism shown, particularly relating to variant C of the invention, will be seen earlier. Generally, the mechanism (7) utilizes a geometric concept to reduce the positioning effect of the ferromagnetic material (5) on the plate (2). Figure 1 In the simple concept of lever weighing shown, if the ferromagnet (5) is close to the fulcrum (4), it exhibits a lower weight, and if it is far from the fulcrum (4), it exhibits a larger weight. Figure 2The solution proposed by Roberval is shown, in which a simple lever (1) is replaced by a parallelogram mechanism (7) with two fulcrums (4) and a joint (8) in the column of the plate (2), which ensures the vertical movement of the plate (2) and thus eliminates the weighing variation caused by the position of the object (5). In the field of mechanical scales, Richard Salter invented a spring scale in 1770, based on the theory of elasticity, more specifically, in a minimal form of Hooke's law, relating the deformation of the spring to the weight of the object being weighed. Although initially applied to mechanical scales, the concepts explored by Roberval and Salter form the basis of many current electronic scale concepts.

[0012] A weighing unit scale ("unit scale") is an electromechanical device that arose from the invention of the extensional weighing unit, which in turn stemmed from a combination of related inventions: the already explained concept of the Salt scale, the Wheatstone bridge, the extensional elongation scale, and occasionally, the Robeval mechanism. Generally, the Wheatstone bridge, invented by Samuel Hunt Christie in the 19th century and improved by Sir Charles Wheatstone, can read very small changes in resistance in a resistive circuit. The extensometer, invented by Edward E. Simmons and Arthur C. Ruge in 1938, comprises a heating wire attached to a mechanical structure whose resistance changes proportionally to the deformation of the attached mechanical structure. Because the resistance change is extremely small, using a Wheatstone bridge to read the resistance of the extensometer is a common practice. Therefore, the extensometer is essentially a mechanical structure (a spring with relatively small deformation) in which the extensometer is connected to a Wheatstone bridge, generating a signal proportional to the force applied to the mechanical structure.

[0013] like Figure 3 As shown, the Roberval mechanism is applied to the load cell (9), where the hinged fulcrum (4) is replaced by a fine region (10) of the mechanical structure, and the joint of the column of the plate (8) is replaced by a fine region (11) near the column (12) to which the force to be measured is applied. Typically, they are close to the extensometer (13) in regions (10, 11), which correspond to the fulcrum and joint because they are areas subject to greater deformation. Therefore, it is noteworthy that the column (12) has an approximately vertical movement, as... Figure 2 The plates of the traditional Roberval mechanism are like columns.

[0014] It is unclear in the literature when load cells were specifically used in weighing scales, although the inference from this application is almost obvious. However, in the 1970s and 1980s, companies like Toledo and Mettler filed patents for some of the earliest types of weighing scales with specific features (US4236222, US3939332, US3962570, US3962569, US3984667, US3986012, US4181946, US4204197, US4236222, US4310893, US5623128).

[0015] Electromagnetic compensating scales use a completely different concept for weighing. Figure 4 The basic concept (14), originally protected by a patent filed by Lee Cahn in 1963 (US3224517), is illustrated. In this concept, generally, an electromagnet (15) generates a force to suspend a plate (2) holding a ferromagnetic object (5) so that the plate (2) can be restored to its original position without load. When the position is restored, a positioning sensor (16) notifies a control module (17). At the instant the position is restored, the power consumed by the electromagnet (15) is proportional to the weight of the ferromagnetic object (5) excluding the plate (2). A more recent application of electromagnetic compensation technology can be seen in patent US2012181094A1.

[0016] Modern scales, whether based on extended load cells or electromagnetic compensation, require objects to be placed on the scale's platform, hindering their use when weighing moving objects. However, current technology includes several inventions addressing this issue: patents such as CN106768248A, CN109186723A, and US3101800A aim to weigh moving objects but still require the object to be placed on a platform or similar object; patents such as CA2229237A1 and US5856637A include connection devices between a conveyor belt and a similar platform of the scale, aiming to physically decouple the conveyor belt from the scale; and patents such as RU2013127573A and JP2002277309A mention the conveyor belt as a scale.

[0017] The current state of the technology does not include a solution that attracts the object to its surface and measures its weight or mass and releases it through a simple, fixed, jointless mechanical device. Summary of the Invention

[0018] This invention includes a solution to the problem by conceiving a device with few components, no moving parts, low design cost, selectability based on electromagnetic attraction, and easy adaptation to already designed or installed conveying surfaces. When the device utilizes electromagnetic attraction, the prerequisite for application is that the object to be weighed should have a ferromagnetic component. In terms of terminology, the application of the "attraction-measurement-release" concept related to weighing with a load cell is referred to as "Variation A".

[0019] In addition to providing a solution as a component in weighing motion, this invention also addresses two novel weighing concepts related to the initial problem: the first novel concept is based on electromagnetism, but not on the position of the recovery plate as in an electromagnetic compensator scale, but on an electromagnetic force directly equivalent to the weight of the object. This novel weighing concept is called electromagnetic equivalence. When the concept of "attraction-measurement-release" is applied to said electromagnetic equivalence, it is called "Variation B".

[0020] The second novel weighing concept proposed, entirely different from those known in the art, is referred to herein as mass measurement via natural frequency, based on the analysis of vibrations in a mechanical system consisting of a structure specifically designed for this purpose and fixed to an object. When applying the concept of "attraction-measurement-release" to measurement via natural frequency, it is designated "Variation C". The main advantage of mass measurement via natural frequency lies in the dynamic application of this invention: while conventional weighing concepts are negatively affected by the potential vibrations of the object or assembly, weighing via natural frequency is positively affected by the aforementioned condition: the system must vibrate for weighing to occur. Another important advantage of measurement via natural frequency is that, unlike the concept of weighing, it measures the mass of an object rather than its weight. This means that changes in the gravitational field and the orientation of the device do not affect the measurement results, making it applicable to applications with unknown gravitational fields or even without a gravitational field.

[0021] Unlike variants A and B, mass measurement via natural frequency does not require a device to perform the attraction-measurement-release method. In this case, it is called "variant D".

[0022] Other technical problems that can be solved by this invention involve determining the magnetic flux density of an object and determining the amount of ferromagnetic material in an object (primarily composed of composite materials). Patents such as JPH07306185A and JPA63217266 solve these problems in completely different ways than those proposed here. This invention solves a solution based on a combination of concepts proposed herein: the concept of weighing by a load cell in addition to electromagnetic equivalence ("Variant E"), and the concept of measuring mass by natural frequency in addition to electromagnetic equivalence ("Variant F").

[0023] Another technical problem to which this invention can be applied is the analysis of components produced on a production line, where any variant can be used to define, classify, or select components based on the readings. Attached Figure Description

[0024] Please refer to the accompanying drawings in this manual for a better understanding and explanation, in which:

[0025] Figure 1 The original scale is shown in its current state.

[0026] Figure 2 This demonstrates the current state of the traditional Roberval mechanism.

[0027] Figure 3 The current state of the Roberval mechanism applied to modern weighing sensors is shown.

[0028] Figure 4 The current status of the scale with electromagnetic compensation is shown.

[0029] Figure 5 A side sectional view of the basic scheme of variant A proposed in this invention is shown.

[0030] Figure 6 The mechanical dynamic system corresponding to the basic scheme of variant A is shown.

[0031] Figure 7 A side sectional view of the functional version of variant A is shown.

[0032] Figure 8 It shows Figure 7 The isometric sectional view of the device shown.

[0033] Figure 9 It shows Figure 7 The device's performance timeline is shown.

[0034] Figure 10 A side sectional view of the basic scheme of variant B is shown.

[0035] Figure 11 The timeline for pulse width modulation (PWM) applied to variant B of the present invention is shown.

[0036] Figure 12 A side view of a functional version of variant C proposed in this invention is shown.

[0037] Figure 13 It shows Figure 12 The front view of the device shown.

[0038] Figure 14 It shows Figure 12 An isometric view of the device shown.

[0039] Figure 15 This illustrates the concept of "eight open at one end," applicable to... Figure 12 The device shown.

[0040] Figure 16 This illustrates the concept of a "pitchfork," applicable to... Figure 12 The device shown.

[0041] Figure 17 It shows Figure 12 The key dimensions of the device shown.

[0042] Figure 18 A side view of a functional version of variant D proposed in this invention is shown.

[0043] Figure 19 It shows Figure 18 An isometric view of the device shown.

[0044] Figure 20 It shows Figure 18 The image shows a side view of the device, with an added impact hammer system.

[0045] Figure 21 It shows Figure 20 The front view of the device shown.

[0046] Figure 22 It shows Figure 20 The rear view of the device shown.

[0047] Figure 23 It shows Figure 20 The details show the components within the excitation area.

[0048] Figure 24 A top view of a production line is shown, on which devices for analyzing components are installed.

[0049] Figure 25 The diagram illustrates a change in the positioning of an object according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0050] The object of this invention, namely the method, mechanical equipment and apparatus for measuring the physical parameters of an object, refers to the method, mechanical equipment and apparatus for measuring the mass or weight of an object, the magnetic induction intensity or the quantity of ferromagnetic material or the quantity of iron in the object, as well as the method, mechanical equipment and apparatus for defining, classifying and selecting said object.

[0051] When applied to ferromagnets, a method for measuring the mass or weight of a ferromagnet (5) includes the following steps: 1- activating one or more electromagnetic push rods (20) such that the electromagnetic push rods (20) exert an electromagnetic attraction on the ferromagnet (5) from bottom to top; 2- fixing the ferromagnet (5) to the electromagnetic push rods (20) or one or more impact tipping heads (21) due to the electromagnetic force applied by the electromagnetic push rods (20); 3- measuring the mass or weight of the ferromagnet (5) itself, including reading signals related to the mass or weight of the ferromagnet (5); 4- deactivating the electromagnetic push rods (20); and 5- causing the ferromagnet (5) to fall by gravity, coining the term "attraction-measurement-release".

[0052] Additionally, when applied to ferromagnets, the method for determining the magnetic induction intensity of the ferromagnet (5), the amount of ferromagnetic material, or the amount of iron in the ferromagnet (5) includes the following steps: 1- Activating one or more electromagnetic push rods (20) such that the electromagnetic push rods (20) generate an electromagnetic attraction force on the ferromagnet (5) from bottom to top; 2- Fixing the ferromagnet (5) onto the electromagnetic push rods (20) or one or more impact tipping heads (20) due to the electromagnetic force applied by the electromagnetic push rods (20); 3- Measuring the mass or weight of the ferromagnet (5), including reading the signal related to the mass or weight of the ferromagnet (5); 4- Gradually reducing the electromagnetic force of the electromagnetic push rods (20) until the electromagnetic force is lower than the gravity of the ferromagnet (5); 5- Reading the power or instantaneous voltage applied to the electromagnetic push rods (20) at the last instant of step 4; and 6- Letting the ferromagnet (5) fall by the gravity of the ferromagnet (5).

[0053] Step 3, regarding the measurement of the mass or weight of the ferromagnetic body (5) itself, may include reading a signal related to the mass or weight of the ferromagnetic body (5), the signal being from one or more weighing sensors (19) arranged vertically in series with the ferromagnetic body (5), or when there are multiple weighing sensors (19), the weighing sensors (19) are connected in parallel with each other, or the signal can be obtained by gradually reducing the electromagnetic force applied to the electromagnetic push rod (20) until the gravity naturally exerted by the ferromagnetic body (5) is greater than the electromagnetic force applied by the electromagnetic push rod (20), triggering the electromagnetic release of the ferromagnetic body (5) while reading the power or instantaneous voltage applied to the electromagnetic push rod (20).

[0054] Further regarding step 3, which relates to measuring the mass or weight of the ferromagnet (5) itself, the measurement can be obtained by statistical regression using the natural frequency of the mechanical system (45) as an explanatory variable, the mechanical system consisting of the mechanical device (40) and the ferromagnet (5) fixed to the mechanical device (40).

[0055] The method for defining, classifying or selecting ferromagnets (5) includes the steps of the above method, and further includes the following steps: 1- analyzing the results of the measurement by comparing with a predetermined numerical value, with statistical data of previously measured ferromagnets, or by an algorithm of an artificial neural network; and 2- optionally processing the ferromagnets based on the results of the analysis.

[0056] A mechanical device (18) for measuring the weight of a ferromagnetic object (5), wherein the weight measurement is obtained by processing signals from one or more weighing sensors (19) arranged vertically in series with the ferromagnetic object (5), wherein when there are multiple weighing sensors (19), the multiple weighing sensors (19) are connected in parallel with each other, including: one or more weighing sensors (19), one or more electromagnetic push rods (20), one or more impact tipping heads (21) with or without, and one or more buffer elements (22).

[0057] A mechanical device (33) for measuring the weight of a ferromagnetic object (5), the weight of which is obtained by gradually reducing the electromagnetic force applied to an electromagnetic push rod (20) until the gravity naturally exerted by the ferromagnetic object (5) is greater than the electromagnetic force applied by the electromagnetic push rod (20), and triggering the electromagnetic release of the ferromagnetic object (5) while reading the power or instantaneous voltage applied to the electromagnetic push rod (20); including one or more electromagnetic push rods (20); one or more presence sensors (34); and one or more impact tipping heads (21) with or without.

[0058] A mechanical device (40) for measuring the mass of a ferromagnetic object (5) includes reading signals related to the mass or weight of the ferromagnetic object (5), the mass or weight of which is obtained by statistical regression using the natural frequency of a mechanical system (45) as an explanatory variable. The mechanical system (45) has one or more electromagnetic push rods and one or more impact tipping heads, forming a mechanical system that simultaneously has: at least one vibration mode whose natural frequency is more affected by changes in the mass of the ferromagnetic object and less affected by the positioning of the ferromagnetic object compared to the natural frequencies of other vibration modes of the mechanical system; and at least one vibration mode whose natural frequency is more affected by changes in the positioning of the ferromagnetic object and less affected by changes in the mass of the ferromagnetic object compared to the natural frequencies of other vibration modes of the mechanical system.

[0059] The mechanical device (40) further includes a reel (41) and a structure (42), and forms a mechanical system (45) when a ferromagnetic body (5) is fixed at one end of the mechanical device, the mechanical system simultaneously having: in the yz plane ( Figure 14The natural frequency of the first bending vibration mode on the mechanical system (45) is more affected by the mass of the object (5) fixed to one end of the mechanical device (40) than by the positioning of the object (5) fixed to one end of the mechanical device (40); and in the xz plane ( Figure 14 The natural frequency of the first torsional mode on the mechanical system (45) is more affected by the positioning of the object (5) fixed to one end of the mechanical device (40) than by the mass of the object (5) fixed to one end of the mechanical device (40) compared to the natural frequencies of other vibration modes of the mechanical system (45).

[0060] The mechanical device (40) may further have a subsystem that performs the function of the modal hammer, the subsystem consisting of a support (47), an elastic beam (48), an optional mechanical baffle (49) and a hammer head (50).

[0061] Finally, the present invention includes an apparatus (52) configured to perform the above-described method, the apparatus including a mechanical device (18) for measuring the weight of the ferromagnetic object (5) or a mechanical device (33) for measuring the weight of the ferromagnetic object (5) or a mechanical device (40) for measuring the mass of the ferromagnetic object (5), further including control hardware and software (54) and optional object processor (55).

[0062] Detailed description of the present invention

[0063] The solution proposed in this invention relates to six variations of this invention, namely:

[0064] "Variant A" is an application of the "attraction-measurement-release" concept related to weighing via a load cell and can be used when the object to be weighed has a ferromagnetic component.

[0065] "Variant B" is an application of the "attraction-measurement-release" concept related to weighing via electromagnetic equivalence, used when the object has ferromagnetic components.

[0066] "Variant C" associates the "attraction-measurement-release" concept with mass measurement via natural frequency and is also applicable to ferromagnets. "Variant D" is an application of measurement via natural frequency without simultaneously applying the "attraction-measurement-release" concept; therefore, the object does not need to possess ferromagnetic properties.

[0067] "Variant E" incorporates the combination of weighing via a load cell with the aforementioned concept of electromagnetic equivalence, aiming to obtain information about the magnetic flux density of an object.

[0068] Like "Variant E", "Variant F" is also designed to obtain information about the magnetic characteristics of an object, but it combines mass measurement via natural frequencies with the concept of electromagnetic equivalence.

[0069] Variant A

[0070] Figure 5 A basic schematic diagram of variant A is shown, which includes a vertically connected mechanical arrangement (18), a load cell (19), an electromagnetic push rod (20), and their respective and optional impact tipping heads (21). Optionally, it may have a buffer element (22) connected in parallel with the load cell (19). The mechanical arrangement is fixed on an inertial support (23) and is intended to weigh a ferromagnetic object (5).

[0071] For measurement, the electromagnetic push rod (20) is electrically activated, attracting the ferromagnetic object (5), subjecting it to the ferromagnetic object (5), and fixing the ferromagnetic object (5) to the electromagnetic push rod (20) or an optional impact tipping head (21). After fixing the ferromagnetic object, the ferromagnetic object (5) is weighed by reading an electrical signal from a load cell (19) using an elongation method known in the art. The activation of the electromagnetic push rod (20) and the reading of the signal from the load cell (19) are accomplished by one or more electronic hardware components (24). Weighing methods and best practices based on load cells are well known, such as subtracting tare weight, calibration, etc., and the methods are applicable to variant A.

[0072] Since the purpose is to measure static loads, piezoelectric load cells should be avoided. Although they are very rigid, they are better suited for measuring dynamic forces. For static loads, elongated load cells are typically used, as described in the background of this invention. However, the rigidity of elongated load cells is proportional to their measuring range, which inevitably makes them elements that contribute to vibration in the system. Vibration is known to be undesirable when measuring static loads. To overcome this problem, variant A may include a buffer element (22) parallel to the load cell (19) to dissipate the impact energy of the ferromagnetic material (5), thereby minimizing or eliminating vibration.

[0073] The simplest way to design an electromagnetic actuator (20) and its activation is to define the applicable voltage required for a known electromagnet, given by (adapted from Physics, Chapter 32 Electromagnetic Induction - Robert Katz Publishing):

[0074]

[0075] Where U is the voltage (V) applied to the electromagnetic push rod (20); A is the cross-sectional area (m²) of the coil of the electromagnetic push rod (20). 2R is the resistance of the coil; n is the number of coils in the electromagnetic push rod (20); d1 is the gap (m) between the ferromagnetic body (5) and the surface of the electromagnetic push rod (20) or the optional impact tipping head (21); d2 is the thickness (m) of the optional impact tipping head (21); m p ρ is the mass (kg) of the ferromagnetic material (5); g is the acceleration due to gravity (m / s2); ρ is the magnetic constant (using 4×π×10). -7 ), δ is a coefficient used to adjust the type of ferromagnet (5). The coefficient δ is a dimension between 0 and 1, where δ 铁氧体 ≈1 and is related to the magnetic induction intensity of the attracted ferromagnet. Based on the definition of applied voltage, analyze whether the electromagnetic push rod (20) supports such a voltage for the suspension time and weight reading of the ferromagnet (5).

[0076] The suspension time t1 of the ferromagnet (5) can be approximated by the following method.

[0077]

[0078] Among them, F e The force exerted by the electromagnetic actuator (20) on the ferromagnetic body (5) at the initial moment of suspension is given by the following formula.

[0079]

[0080] From the perspective of mechanical vibration, Figure 6 A dynamic system that can represent the basic version of variant A can be found in the middle. It can be seen that the suggestion for a system with one degree of freedom is to minimize. The load cell (19) is considered to be a purely elastic element with no mass and a stiffness constant k. c The optional buffer element (22) has a buffer constant c and a vibration mass m. t The mass m of the electromagnetic push rod (20) and the optional impact tipping head (21) ec And the mass m of the ferromagnetic material (5) p The sum is given.

[0081] The size of the optional buffer element (22) is crucial for providing the system with adequate cushioning: ideally, the system should not vibrate and should stabilize as quickly as possible so that the weight can be measured subsequently. Therefore, the necessary buffer constant c can be found from the following...

[0082]

[0083] To simultaneously overcome vibration problems, the equipment can be hardened to withstand impacts. One suggestion in this direction is... Figure 7 and Figure 8The functional device shown is illustrated. The aforementioned components can be found in the above figure, in addition to one or more preload electromagnets (25), a piston (26), one or more optional ferromagnetic elements (27), and a stator (28). In conventional weighing systems, it is common to use more than one load cell to overcome object positioning problems; this solution is suitable for the proposed inventive concept.

[0084] The stator (28) is fixed to an inertial support (23). Fixed to the stator (28) are a preload electromagnet (25) and one or more load cells (19). The piston (26) has buoyancy within the system and supports an electromagnetic push rod (20), an optional ferromagnetic element (27), and a buffer ring (29). The optional ferromagnetic element (27) is necessary when the piston (26) is made of a non-ferromagnetic material. Performance timeline follows... Figure 9 The diagram, with time passing from left to right, shows the performance (30) of the pretensioner electromagnet (25), the performance (31) of the electromagnetic push rod (20), and the measurement (32) of its weight.

[0085] The process describes the following steps: 1- The pretensioner electromagnet (25) is energized, attracting the piston (26) against the conical surface of the stator (28), making the system stiffer in the vertical direction (mainly from bottom to top); 2- The electromagnetic push rod (20) is energized, attracting and fixing the ferromagnet (5) to the electromagnetic push rod (20) or to an optional impact tipping head (21); 3- After fixing the ferromagnet (5), the pretensioner electromagnet (25) is de-energized, so that the mass of the piston (26) and everything fixed thereon (27; 29; 20; 5) remains on the load cell (19); 4- The weight is measured by reading the signal from the load cell (19); 5- The electromagnetic push rod (25) is de-energized, causing the ferromagnet (5) to descend.

[0086] It is important to emphasize that the gap between the piston (26) and the load cell (19) during step 2, or between the piston (26) and the stator (28) during measurement, is sufficiently small to separate the piston (26) from the stator (28) during measurement. This ensures that the influence of the load cell (19) on the system is minimal in step 4, and the system oscillation amplitude is small and dissipates quickly. The association of multiple load cells (19), when there is only one load cell (19), is considered as a single elastic element, so the system can still be simplified to one degree of freedom. Eliminating the need for a dedicated buffer element, the main function of the buffer ring (29) is to distribute weight among multiple units (19). The conical shape of the interface between the stator (28) and the piston (26) ensures positioning on the horizontal plane, with the aim of minimizing positioning variations that negatively affect the weighing.

[0087] Variant B

[0088] Variant B is used to weigh ferromagnets with the same magnetic induction intensity, such as identical parts produced on a production line. Figure 10 The functional device (33) of variant B is shown, consisting of an electromagnetic push rod (20), an optional impact tipping head (21), and a presence sensor (34) that detects components fixed to the electromagnetic push rod (20) or to the optional impact tipping head (21).

[0089] The performance timeline includes: 1- energizing the electromagnetic push rod (20) with sufficient power to attract the ferromagnetic object (5) and fix it to the electromagnetic push rod (20) or the optional impact tipping head (21); 2- gradually reducing the power applied to the electromagnetic push rod (20) until the weight of the object (5) is greater than the electromagnetic force applied to the object (5) by the electromagnetic push rod (20), causing the object (5) to detach from the electromagnetic push rod (20) or the optional impact tipping head (21) and begin to fall freely, the instant of which is detected by the presence sensor (34).

[0090] Since the magnetic induction intensity of the ferromagnets (5) to be weighed is equal, the power (or voltage, if the resistance of the circuit is constant) applied to the electromagnetic push rod (20) at the moment of release is proportional to the weight of the ferromagnets (5).

[0091] The power applied to the electromagnetic actuator (20) is controlled by the control system (35), which can be done in various ways, most commonly by continuous current drive, by an AC frequency converter, or preferably by pulse width modulation (PWM) commands. For illustration, Figure 11 The timeline of the PWM performance via variant B is shown. The horizontal axis represents time from left to right, and the vertical axis refers to the voltage applied to the electromagnetic push rod (20). In the first stage (36), the electromagnetic push rod (20) is activated, attracting the ferromagnetic object (5) until a fixed instant (37). The fixed instant (37) can be determined by time or by reading the presence sensor (34). After fixing, the pulse width of the activated electromagnetic push rod (20) gradually decreases (38) until the weight of the ferromagnetic object (5) is greater than the electromagnetic force applied by the electromagnetic push rod (20) to the ferromagnetic object (5) at the instant (39), when the presence sensor (34) detects that the ferromagnetic object (5) has been released from fixation. It should be emphasized that Figure 11 This is a diagram about the number of pulses, because typically, the pulse frequency of PWM is on the order of kHz, which will make... Figure 11The image displayed in the scheme contains too many pulses to understand. The control system (35) is able to determine the pulse width at the moment when the sensor (34) detects that the ferromagnet (5) is not fixed. The simplest way to estimate the weight of the ferromagnet (5) is by the ratio of the pulse width at the moment of release (39).

[0092] Since objects of different qualities have different magnetic induction intensities, the system should be calibrated using an object similar to the one to be weighed during use. Using this prior calibration, the proportional relationship between the pulse width at the moment of release (39) and the weight of the ferromagnetic material (5) can be obtained. Alternatively, the weight estimate can be obtained through statistical regression, which often provides better accuracy than a simple proportional relationship.

[0093] Variant C

[0094] While in variant A, the free vibrations generated by the object's impact on the electromagnetic actuator or the optional impact tipping head adversely affect the reading weight, variant C is designed precisely to utilize these vibrations to estimate the object's mass. As background, mechanical systems have... Figure 6 One degree of freedom, where k cc This represents the stiffness of a general structure without a buffer. Therefore, c = 0. If the mass m of the electromagnetic actuator and the optional impact tipping head is determined... ec The stiffness k of the structure cc and the system's natural angular frequency ω η It is possible to find the mass m of the object. p ,because

[0095]

[0096] It is possible to develop a structure with known stiffness, measure the natural frequency of the system, and seek m. p The change in natural frequency caused when fixed to the system. It is important to emphasize that, unlike variants A and B, variant C measures mass, not weight.

[0097] While the minimal model above illustrates the initial idea, direct application to technology is not feasible in the early theoretical stages because the physical components constitute a continuous system with infinite degrees of freedom, making the object's orientation highly dependent on its estimated mass. It is also well known that some vibrational modes are more affected by changes in the object's mass than others. Considering these issues, it is proposed to develop a device with one or more vibrational modes whose natural frequencies are favorable to m p The detection, and also has the ability to detect m pOther vibration modes that are sensitive to location. In other words, it is suggested that the natural frequencies of vibration modes within the spectral measurement region are: greatly affected by changes in the mass of the object and less affected by its location; less affected by changes in the mass of the object and more affected by its location.

[0098] By combining these two characteristics into one device, it is suggested that the natural frequency of the pattern of interest be determined and the mass of the object be estimated by multivariate statistical regression, where the natural frequency is used as an explanatory variable.

[0099] Figure 12 , Figure 13 and Figure 14 A device (40) developed to meet the stated features is described. This is one example of a functional solution, not limited to the only reasonable constructive solution: there are countless other ideas that conform to the objectives of this invention. Please note... Figure 14 The definitions of the coordinates x, y, and z in the diagram are necessary for interpretation.

[0100] In the functional example described, the device (40) is fixed to an inertial support (23) by four reels (41) acting as fulcrums. The reels suspend a structure (42) with a geometry of "figure-eight opening at one end," which is... Figure 15 The thick line (43) indicates that it forms a downward-pointing "pitchfork" -- Figure 16 The thick wire (44) supports an electromagnetic push rod (20) with an optional impact tipping head at each end. When the ferromagnetic body (5) is fixed for weight measurement, it closes the figure-eight configuration, forming what is known as the mechanical system (45).

[0101] The technical reason behind the geometry of the device (40) is:

[0102] The slender shape of the pitchfork facilitates the emergence of a first bending vibration mode in the yz plane, which is highly sensitive to changes in the mass of the ferromagnet (5). This vibration mode can be considered as a mechanical system with a single degree of freedom, where the ratio m... p =k / ω 2 It is valid, where k is the stiffness constant in the vibration direction and ω is the natural angular frequency to be measured. Therefore, an approximate and inverse square ratio is expected between the mass of the ferromagnet (5) and the natural frequency of the first bending vibration mode in the yz plane;

[0103] Structure (42) has various triangular weight reliefs that, for mechanical resistance, act as a grid in the xz plane, aiming to harden the structure (42) in the xz plane while maintaining its flexibility in the yz plane. The functional reason behind this rigidity is to stretch the natural frequencies of the first bending modes in the xz and yz planes, reduce the natural frequency of the first bending mode in the yz plane, and also benefit its amplitude. There are also some small areas that connect the structure (42) to the fixed areas in the scroll (41), which are intended to benefit the amplitude of the vibration modes in the compression direction z.

[0104] The weight relief is also important for the sensitivity of the system (45) to changes in the mass of the ferromagnet (5): if the mass of the structure (42) is large, then the ferromagnet (5) represents a lower percentage of the mass of the system (45) and is vibrating. Regarding the materials used to prepare the structure (42), lightweight and hard metals such as titanium are recommended, and further recommendations are to use manufacturing processes such as electro-erosion, laser cutting, or waterjet cutting.

[0105] Related to the relief structure of the Roberval mechanism seen in the background of this invention, it is reportedly intended to make deformation in the fulcrum and pivot less susceptible to load positioning. The present invention proposes a structure based on the Roberval mechanism, but modified to achieve a reverse function: it is desired that the device (40) has a vibrational mode that is highly influenced by the mass positioning of the ferromagnet (5). The reel (41) – as a suggestion, made of a low-density metal such as aluminum – performs a function similar to the Folkel (4) in the Roberval scale (7), its soul being cylindrical shaft-shaped, favoring a torsional vibrational mode in the xz plane, in which the upper reel (41) and its respective lower reel (41) twist axially in the same direction. This mode is characterized by the opposite motion of the two legs of the pitchfork (44). As previously stated, although the development of this mode was inspired by the Roberval scale, we sought an opposite result: the natural frequency of the torsional mode in the xz plane is sensitive to the positioning of the ferromagnet (5). This sensitivity is due to the change of the center of mass along the x-direction. In a didactic manner, for different positions of the ferromagnet (5), the movement of each leg of the pitchfork (44) is determined by the limitation caused by the ferromagnet (5) being fixed to the electromagnetic push rod (43) or the optional impact tipping head, and the center of mass of the ferromagnet (5) is placed on only one leg, which greatly affects its natural frequency.

[0106] Ideally, the natural frequencies of the devices (40) should be low, so that they are far from the natural free frequencies of the ferromagnets (5).

[0107] To achieve the above objectives, according to Figure 18It is recommended to use the critical dimension, namely: a-the maximum allowable dimension of ferromagnet (5); - as small as possible, limited by structural constraints; c - as large as possible, limited by the minimum frequency that the acquisition system can accurately read, since the first natural bending frequency in the yz plane is inversely proportional to this size; d - as small as possible, limited by the minimum frequency that the acquisition system can accurately read, since the first natural bending frequency in the yz plane is inversely proportional to this size; and - large enough so that the first vibration mode is bending in the yz plane.

[0108] For a measurement range of 250×10 -3 kg to 450×10 -3 kg, the ferromagnet (5) has dimensions of 60 × 10 in the x, y and z directions respectively. -3 mx 60×10 -3 mx 25×10 -3 The suggested approximate dimensions are: a = 52 × 10 m. -3 m, The transition radius is 1.5 × 10⁻⁶. -3 m, c = 160 × 10 -3 m, d = 8 × 10 -3 m, e = 15 × 10 -3 m.

[0109] The natural frequencies of the vibration modes of interest can be determined using any modal analysis method available at present.

[0110] However, a good commitment to cost, implementation difficulty, and satisfactory results involves the following technologies: sensing via microphones close to the structure; signal acquisition systems using analog-to-digital converters; defining sampling frequencies using the Nyquist criterion; spectral processing using fast Fourier transforms; and hyperspectral analysis using cubic splines.

[0111] It is proposed to develop software specifically for identifying the natural frequencies of the system, as part of the proposed device.

[0112] Multivariate regression is applied, which estimates the mass of the ferromagnet (5) using the natural frequency of the system (45), and can also be referred to as calibration. The calibration is described by the following steps: 1- Select a sample of ferromagnets (5) that covers the measurement range as much as possible; 2- Weigh each ferromagnet (5) in the sample on a calibrated scale and record the mass of each ferromagnet (5). The mass combination is the independent variable of the regression; 3- Submit each ferromagnet (5) to an impact and fix it to the device (40), and record the natural frequency of the vibration mode of interest. The natural frequency is the explanatory variable of the regression. It is recommended to submit each element multiple times so that the variation in positioning can be taken into account; and 4- Use the independent and explanatory variables to perform existing statistical regression methods in the art to estimate the mass of each ferromagnet (5) in the sample; record the parameters and equations generated by the regression.

[0113] Subsequently, the parameters and equations were used to estimate the mass of the new ferromagnet (5) to be tested, in order to describe the use of the recommendation.

[0114] It is recommended to develop a code font specifically for the statistical regression, which can be included in software used to detect the natural frequencies of the system. The software could also be the same software used to estimate the mass of the ferromagnet (5) when using this recommendation.

[0115] Variant D

[0116] As explained in the background of the invention, variant D is based on variant C and differs conceptually in that it does not require a device to attract objects electromagnetically, and therefore, the objects do not need to have a ferromagnetic component.

[0117] For vertical measurements similar to a conventional weighing process, where an object is placed on the measuring device, if... Figure 18 and Figure 19 The device 45 seen in the image. It can be seen that the system (40) of variant C rotates 180 degrees around axis y and has no electromagnetic push rod (20).

[0118] Optionally, a tray (46) may be added to facilitate the placement of the object. The tray (46) may be as follows: 1- so flexible that, from the perspective of modal analysis, it does not close the “figure-eight opening at one end” format. In other words, the flexibility prevents it from significantly affecting the torsional vibration modes on the xz plane, allowing the object to perform the function of closing the “figure-eight opening at one end” format; and 2- magnetized to facilitate the fixation of the object, and when it is ferromagnetic, to ensure non-slip vibration between the object and the tray (46); designed not to have a natural frequency that is mixed with the natural frequency useful for the measurement; and 3- made of a highly cushioned material or receiving a coating designed to cushion its vibrations to minimize the influence of its natural frequency in the measurement.

[0119] As in variant C, the measurement requires the natural frequency of the excitation system. This excitation can be generated by the impact of the object itself on the device (45) or by any external mechanism, such as a suitable modal hammer, dynamic exciter, or piezoelectric element.

[0120] When choosing an excitation other than the impact of the object itself, it is recommended that the direction of the excitation should favor the amplitude of all vibration modes for use in mass estimation of the object. Figure 18 and Figure 19 In the case of the device (45) proposed in the middle, the ideal direction is a vector tilted at 45° on the xz and yz planes.

[0121] Figure 20 , Figure 21 , Figure 22 and Figure 23 A subsystem with modal hammer functionality is shown. The subsystem consists of a support (47) fixed in an inert location, such as the non-vibrating portion of a reel (41). At the other end of the support (47), one end of an elastic beam (48) is fixed, along with an optional mechanical baffle (49). A hammerhead (50) is fixed at the other end of the elastic beam. To provide better impact repeatability, the structure (42) may have a protrusion (51) forming a surface perpendicular to the impact direction (the protrusion (51) is also useful for other types of excitation, such as by dynamic exciters or piezoelectric elements). Use of the subsystem simply involves pulling and releasing the hammerhead (50) or the elastic beam (48) in the opposite direction to the structure (42), applying an initial displacement to the elastic beam (48), and thus applying an initial displacement to the hammerhead (50), which will vibrate freely due to the elasticity of the elastic beam (48). When an optional mechanical stop (49) is available, the trolley should be in contact with the hammerhead (50) or the elastic beam (48) with the mechanical stop (49) as much as possible. The free vibration of the hammerhead (50) means the impact of the hammerhead (50) on the structure (42) or its optional protrusion (51). Therefore, the modal excitation of the mechanical system required to measure the mass of the object is generated by the aforementioned impact. The proposed subsystem provides the benefit of coupling with the device, ensuring that the excitation is always in the ideal direction. The optional mechanical stop (49) provides protection for the elastic beam (48) to prevent excessive displacement during tension, while ensuring the repeatability of the excitation force.

[0122] Variant E and Variant F

[0123] Variants E and F refer to devices used to estimate the magnetic flux density of ferromagnetic materials. For most engineered materials, especially homogeneous composites, the magnetic flux density is directly related to the amount of ferromagnetic material contained in the material, considering objects with identical geometries. Examples of homogeneous composites include wear materials used in brake pads and linings, while the most obvious example of ferromagnetic material is iron itself. Therefore, Variants E and F are also used to estimate the amount of iron contained in ferromagnetic materials, and are particularly useful in reverse engineering practices for brake pads and linings.

[0124] Both the weighing described in variant A and the mass measurement described in variant C incorporate the main concept of variant B, which refers to detecting the power applied to the electromagnetic actuator at the moment the ferromagnet is disengaged. Variant E is a name that coexists with variant A and variant B, and variant F is a name that coexists with variant C and variant B. The mechanical arrangement of variant E is the same as that of variant A, except that a sensor (34) is required, while the mechanical arrangement of variant F is the same as that of variant C, except that a sensor (34) is required.

[0125] To calibrate the system for estimating the magnetic flux density (or amount of iron) of objects with the same geometry, the proposed method is based on statistical regression: 1- Calibrate the weight or mass readings of variants E and F according to the techniques described in variants A and C, respectively; 2- Select a sample of objects that covers as wide a range of magnetic flux density (or amount of iron) as possible; 3- Obtain the magnetic flux density (or amount of iron) of each object from the sample using any means known in the art, either through theoretical calculation or actual measurement. The combination of magnetic flux density values ​​is the independent variable of the regression; 4- Each object is subjected to the fixing and unfixing of an electromagnetic actuator, and the power applied to the actuator at the moment of unfixing is recorded. The power is the explanatory variable of the regression; 5- Perform existing statistical regression methods in the art using the independent and explanatory variables to estimate the magnetic flux density (or amount of iron) of each object from the sample; and 6- Record the parameters and equations obtained from the regression.

[0126] Subsequently, the parameters and equations were used to estimate the magnetic flux density.

[0127] The parameters and equations were then used to estimate the magnetic flux density (or the amount of iron) of the new object to be measured.

[0128] Application of this invention on the production line

[0129] It is well known that implementing variants A, B, C, E, and F on a production line is straightforward, for example, simply by fixing their respective devices to an inertial structure on the conveyor belt. Given this facility, Figure 24An apparatus (52) is proposed for defining, classifying, or selecting components (53) for production. The apparatus (52) comprises devices (18, 33, or 40), control hardware and software (54), and an optional component processor (55). The processor (55) is capable of diverting the flow of components (53) based on the results of measurements or analysis.

[0130] Through the device (52), for example, it is possible to analyze statistical trends in production, and, when the processor (55) is present, it is possible to limit components (53) to between compliant and non-compliant, classify components (53) into various categories, or select components (53) with specific characteristics. The limitation, classification, or selection of components is suggested to be based on a simple comparison with predetermined values, a simple comparison with statistical data of previously measured components, and an algorithm of an artificial neural network.

[0131] Specific embodiments of the present invention

[0132] The successful applicability of variants A and B, as well as variant E, is so obvious to those skilled in the art that the embodiments do not add anything to the subject matter. Therefore, the illustrative enhancements focus on the quality estimated at natural frequencies, thus the examples described in this section apply to variant C, and therefore also to variants D and F.

[0133] A device (40) with segment (0042) dimensions, as described in variant C, is proposed. This device (40) is ideally intended to measure four different types of objects (5), designated PN1, PN2, PN3, and PN4, which are components produced on an industrial production line. The components are represented by steel pebbles, measuring 60 × 10 in the x and y directions. -3 mx 60×10 -3 m:

[0134] Table 1

[0135]

[0136] According to quality system manuals, such as ISO QS 9000's MSA (Measurement System Analysis), resolution is defined as 10% of the possible mass range. As shown in Table 1, the heaviest possible component has a mass of 382.6 × 10⁻⁶. -3 kg (PN2), the lightest part weighs 297.7 × 10 kg. -3 kg(PN4), with a minimum resolution of 0.69×10 -3 kg(PN2). Therefore, at 250 × 10 -3 kg to 450×10 -3Within a certain safe range of kg, a measurement range is defined with a resolution of 0.69 × 10⁻⁶. -3 kg, which means 290 graduations.

[0137] It is recommended to conduct the analysis through simulation, using the finite element method. Eight thicknesses were defined for the steel pebbles, generating objects from C1 to C8, consistent with Table 2.

[0138] Table 2

[0139]

[0140] As can be seen, the thickness is defined in four regions R1, R2, R3, and R4, which include the two ends (R1 and R4) and the middle region (R2, R3), and are equidistant in mass. It is recommended that each region have a pair of objects, such that they are of mass at the recommended resolution—0.69 × 10⁻⁶. -3 kg – Maintain distance. Sampling across the entire range is particularly important to avoid the need for undesirable extrapolation of the model. Also note the slight difference in thickness between each pair of objects, approximately 20 × 10⁻⁶. -6 m (one-hundredth of a millimeter).

[0141] Regarding the changes in positioning, according to Figure 25 Three positions are defined in the x-direction, named P0, P2, and P4, with P0 in the middle and P2 = 2 × 10⁻⁶. -3 m, P4 = 4 × 10 -3 m.

[0142] The device was analyzed using the finite element method. Eight objects C1 to C8 were fixed at each of the three positions P0, P2, and P4, generating 24 simulation results. Based on Table 3, the frequencies f1, f5, and f6 were obtained, representing the natural frequencies of the bending vibration mode in the x-direction, the torsion in the y-direction, and the compression in the z-direction, respectively.

[0143] Table 3

[0144]

[0145] For this example, we suggest estimating the mass of the object by applying a polynomial.

[0146] m p =A+Bf1+Cf5+Df6+Ef1 2 +Ff5 2 +Gf6 2 +Hf5f6 (6)

[0147] The parameter values ​​are: A = 3732,940; B = 37.2469; C = -4.01983; D = -3.62683; E = -684.829 × 10⁻⁶. -3 F = 1.37654 × 10 -3 G = 1.05097 × 10 -3 H = 1.35054 × 10 -3 The criteria for accepting the recommendation were given through a simple analysis of the residue: for any element, the desired residue level was below the specified resolution of 0.69 × 10⁻⁶. -3 kg. Table 4 lists the estimated values ​​and residues, showing that the maximum residue is 0.13 × 10⁻⁶ kg. -3 This yields kg, validating the good applicability of the recommendation. As a reflection, applying only the natural frequencies from f1, f5, and f6 to any known type of regression produces residuals greater than the resolution.

[0148] Table 4

[0149]

Claims

1. A method for measuring the physical parameters of an object, used to determine the magnetic induction intensity, the amount of ferromagnetic material, or the amount of iron in a ferromagnetic body (5), characterized in that, The method includes the following steps: -Activate one or more electromagnetic push rods (20) so that the electromagnetic push rods (20) generate an electromagnetic attraction force on the ferromagnetic body (5) from bottom to top; - Due to the electromagnetic force applied by the electromagnetic push rod (20), the ferromagnetic body (5) is fixed on the electromagnetic push rod or one or more impact tipping heads (20); -Measure the mass or weight of the ferromagnet (5), including reading the signal related to the mass or weight of the ferromagnet (5); - Gradually reduce the electromagnetic force of the electromagnetic push rod (20) until the electromagnetic force is lower than the gravity of the ferromagnetic body (5); - At the very last moment of step 4, read the power or instantaneous voltage applied to the electromagnetic push rod (20); and - The ferromagnet (5) falls due to the gravity of the ferromagnet (5).

2. The method according to claim 1, used for measuring the weight of a ferromagnetic material (5), or for determining the magnetic induction intensity, or for determining the quantity of ferromagnetic material, or for determining the quantity of iron in the ferromagnetic material (5), characterized in that, The measured weight in the mass measurement step is obtained by processing signals from one or more weighing sensors (19), which are arranged vertically in series with the ferromagnet (5). When there are multiple weighing sensors (19), they are connected in parallel with each other.

3. The method according to claim 1, used for measuring the mass of a ferromagnetic material (5), or for determining the magnetic induction intensity, or for determining the quantity of ferromagnetic material, or for determining the quantity of iron in the ferromagnetic material (5), characterized in that, The quality of the quality measurement step is obtained by statistical regression using the natural frequency of the mechanical system (45) as the explanatory variable. The mechanical system (45) consists of a mechanical device (40) and a ferromagnetic body (5) fixed to the mechanical device (40).

4. The method according to claim 1, used for defining, classifying, or selecting ferromagnetic materials (5), the method comprising measuring the ferromagnetic material (5), characterized in that, The method further includes the following steps: The results of the measurements are analyzed by comparing them with predetermined values, with statistical data from previously measured ferromagnets, or using algorithms from artificial neural networks; and Based on the analysis results, the ferromagnetic material can be selectively processed.

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