A heavy-duty dynamic penetration testing device and method of use thereof

Abstract

The application provides a heavy dynamic sounding device and a use method thereof. The device comprises a fixing structure, a sounding structure, a hammering structure, a counting structure and a measuring structure. The fixing structure is fixed on the ground. The sounding structure comprises a top rod, a through rod, a sounding rod and a sounding head connected in sequence from top to bottom. The sounding structure is installed on the fixing structure, and the sounding head penetrates through the bottom plate of the fixing structure. The hammering structure comprises a through hammer, a grabber and a movable disc. The movable disc is fixed between the through rod and the top rod. The grabber is sleeved on the lower end of the through rod. The through hammer is slidably connected between the movable disc and the grabber. The counting structure is installed on the movable disc. The measuring structure is detachably installed on the sounding rod. The application solves the problems of crowded operation space, operation safety, difficulty in keeping the sounding rod upright, hidden danger, inability to ensure that the through hammer is lifted to a specified height every time, inaccurate hammering number record and inaccurate penetration depth measurement.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of soil drilling technology, specifically to a heavy-duty dynamic penetration test device and its usage method. Background Technology

[0002] Dynamic penetration testing (DPPT) is a commonly used in-situ testing method in soil drilling technology. This method uses a center hammer of a certain mass, dropped freely from a certain height, to drive a standard conical probe into the soil. The bearing capacity of the soil layer is determined based on the penetration depth and the number of blows. Compared to load testing, it has the advantages of being simple, fast, and convenient.

[0003] Heavy dynamic penetration testing equipment is a vertical structural instrument consisting of a conical probe, a penetration rod, and a center hammer. The center hammer weighs 63.5 kg, the probe rod has a diameter of 42 mm and a length of approximately 2 m. The center hammer is typically equipped with four handles for lifting. In practice, four people are responsible for lifting the center hammer to the designated height, while one person holds the penetration rod to maintain its verticality. During the hammering process, a designated person records the number of blows. After hammering, a steel ruler is used to measure the length of the unpenetrated section, from which the penetration depth is calculated. Finally, according to relevant specifications, the number of blows required to penetrate 10 cm is calculated using the number of blows and the penetration depth. Based on these specifications, the characteristic value of the foundation bearing capacity is then inferred.

[0004] The following problems exist in actual operation: 1. Four people lifting the core hammer at the same time leads to overcrowding in the operating space, posing a safety hazard; 2. One person holding the probe rod is prone to tilting and is not easy to keep upright, posing a safety risk; 3. During the continuous lifting of the core hammer, the test personnel cannot guarantee that the core hammer will be raised to the specified height each time, resulting in inaccurate test results; 4. During the recording of hammer blows, the test personnel are prone to omissions, resulting in inaccurate hammer blow records; 5. Using a steel ruler to measure the penetration depth is prone to large errors, resulting in inaccurate penetration depth records. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a heavy-duty dynamic penetrometer test device and its usage method to solve problems such as crowded operating space leading to operational safety issues, difficulty in keeping the penetrometer rod upright posing safety hazards, inability to guarantee that the core hammer is raised to the specified height every time, inaccurate hammer count recording, and inaccurate penetration depth measurement, thereby improving the safety and accuracy of dynamic penetrometer tests.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: A heavy-duty dynamic penetrometer includes a fixed structure, a penetrometer structure, a hammering structure, a counting structure, and a measuring structure. The fixed structure is fixed to the ground. The penetrometer structure includes a top rod, a through rod, a penetrometer rod, and a penetrometer probe connected sequentially from top to bottom. The penetrometer structure is installed on the fixed structure as a whole, and the penetrometer probe at the bottom end protrudes through the bottom plate of the fixed structure. The hammering structure consists of three parts: a through-hole hammer, a gripper, and a moving disc. The moving disc is fixed between the through-hole rod and the top rod. The gripper is sleeved on the lower end of the through-hole rod. The through-hole hammer is sleeved on the through-hole rod and can slide back and forth between the moving disc and the gripper along the axial direction of the through-hole rod. The counting structure is mounted on the moving disk; The measuring structure is detachably mounted on the probe rod, and the bottom of the measuring structure is in contact with the base plate of the fixed structure.

[0007] Furthermore, the fixing structure includes a top plate and a bottom plate, the top plate and the bottom plate being arranged parallel to each other, and the bottom plate being spaced apart by a predetermined distance; the top plate and the bottom plate are connected by several parallel connecting rods, the top plate being provided with several cylindrical grooves, and each cylindrical groove being fitted with a fixed pulley; preferably, the bottom plate is fixed to the ground by a fixing assembly, and a through hole is provided in the center of the bottom plate, through which the probe is inserted into the bottom plate and extends out of the bottom of the bottom plate.

[0008] Preferably, the fixing component includes a fixing rod, an upper cylinder and a lower cylinder, and a plurality of through holes are evenly distributed on the base plate. The fixing rod passes through the through holes and is fixed to the ground. The fixing rod and the base plate are connected by the upper cylinder and the lower cylinder.

[0009] Furthermore, the probe is composed of a first cylinder, a first frustum, and a cone connected sequentially from top to bottom. The diameter of the bottom surface of the cone is the same as the diameter of the bottom of the first frustum and they are fixedly connected together. The diameter of the top of the first frustum is smaller than the diameter of the bottom, and the diameter of the top of the first frustum is the same as the diameter of the first cylinder.

[0010] Furthermore, the probe rod is a cylindrical structure with an annular mark set at fixed intervals on it. The diameter of the probe rod is the same as the diameter of the first cylinder. The lower end of the probe rod is connected to the first cylinder of the probe probe through a second cylinder, the diameter of which is smaller than that of the first cylinder. The upper end of the probe rod is connected to a second truncated cone, the lower diameter of which is the same as the diameter of the probe rod and is fixedly connected to it. The upper diameter of the second truncated cone is larger than that of the lower diameter. The upper end of the second truncated cone is connected to the through rod through a third cylinder.

[0011] Furthermore, the probe rod, the through rod, and the top rod are all cylindrical structures, and the through rod and the top rod have the same diameter. The diameter of the probe rod is larger than the diameter of the through rod. A circular gasket is provided between the through rod and the top rod, and the outer diameter of the circular gasket is larger than the diameter of the through rod.

[0012] Furthermore, the upper part of the hammer has a hollow structure with an annular groove in the middle, and the gripper is connected to the annular groove; the lower part of the hammer has a hollow channel for the hammer rod to pass through, and the hollow channel is connected to the hollow structure.

[0013] Furthermore, the gripper has a cylindrical structure with a cylindrical through hole in the middle axis. Around the cylindrical through hole, there are multiple blind holes that extend radially into the cylinder. A spring structure is installed in each blind hole. The spherical protrusion on the front side of the spring structure is inserted into the annular groove for gripping the hammer.

[0014] Furthermore, the moving disk is composed of a large-diameter cylinder and an annular groove installed on the lower surface of the large-diameter cylinder, wherein the large-diameter cylinder and the annular groove are coaxially arranged. Furthermore, the large-diameter cylinder has a cylindrical through hole in the middle axially for the push rod to pass through; Multiple first circular holes are evenly distributed on the circumference of the large-diameter cylinder away from the center. These multiple first circular holes are used to connect the connecting rod of the fixed structure. Multiple second circular holes are evenly distributed on the circumference of the large-diameter cylinder near the center. These multiple second circular holes are used to pull the rope of the gripper. The bottom surface of the large-diameter cylinder is evenly provided with multiple spring mounting holes extending axially inward along the circumference. Each spring mounting hole contains a spring to prevent the gripper from getting stuck in the annular slot.

[0015] Furthermore, the upper surface of the gripper is provided with a plurality of hollow components, which are evenly distributed circumferentially along the upper surface of the gripper. A rope for pulling the gripper is connected to the hollow components. The rope passes upward through the second circular hole on the moving disc and then exits from the corresponding fixed pulley on the top plate.

[0016] Furthermore, the counting structure consists of a support and an infrared counter, the infrared counter being fixedly connected to the support, and the support being fixed to the moving disc.

[0017] A method for using a heavy-duty dynamic penetrometer includes the following steps: S1, Fix the base plate of the fixed structure to the ground using the fixing components, and install the lower end of the connecting rod onto the base plate. S2, Install the probing structure onto the fixed structure, and insert the probe of the probing structure into the soil through the bottom plate of the fixed structure; S3, combine the hammer and the gripper into a hammering assembly, and insert the hammering assembly into the hammer rod; S4, the movable disc is fixedly installed between the top rod and the through rod; S5, connect the upper end of the connecting rod to the top plate of the fixed structure to keep the probe structure upright; S6, install the counting structure onto the moving disk and connect the infrared counter to the power supply; S7, a rope is connected to the hollow component above the gripper, the rope passes upward through the second small hole on the moving disc and exits from the fixed pulley on the top plate; S8, pull the hammer upwards to the moving disc. The annular groove at the bottom of the moving disc can just fit the multiple spring structures with protrusions of the gripper into it, and the hammer can then fall freely. At this time, the multiple springs at the bottom of the moving disc can pop out the gripper to prevent it from getting stuck in the annular groove. The gripper falls freely to the hammer and gets into the annular groove, completing the gripping process. S9. Repeat step S8 to hammer the structure until the test stops. During the entire hammering process, the fixed structure remains stationary, while the probing structure and the hammering structure move downwards continuously. S10, When stopping the test, the measuring structure is clamped onto the probe rod with the base plate as the bottom surface. The penetration depth is obtained according to the scale of the measuring structure and the ring mark on the probe rod. S11, When the test is stopped, read the number of the infrared counter. This number is the number of hammer blows in the test. S12, the number of hammer blows per 10cm penetration is calculated using the number of hammer blows and the penetration depth, and the characteristic value of the foundation bearing capacity is inferred according to relevant specifications; S13, dismantle all structures of the heavy-duty dynamic penetrometer from top to bottom to complete the test and inspection work.

[0018] The present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. The newly added fixed structure can fix the instrument and equipment on the test point. When the hammer is lifted manually or by a power device, the fixed pulley can be used to disperse the people, which solves the problem of the operation space being too crowded and the safety of operation during the use of the original instrument and equipment.

[0019] 2. The newly added fixed structure allows the instrument to stand upright at the test point, solving the safety hazard problem that the original instrument was prone to tilting when held by hand, making it difficult to keep upright.

[0020] 3. A new hammering structure has been added. The hammer will only be released when the gripper is pulled to a specified height, allowing the hammer to fall freely. If the hammer is not pulled to the specified height, the gripper will not release. This solves the problem that in the original instrument, the tester could not guarantee that the hammer would be raised to the specified height every time it was pulled, which led to inaccurate test results.

[0021] 4. A new counting structure has been added, which uses an infrared counter for counting. This is scientific and convenient, and solves the problem of testers missing records during the recording of hammer blows in the original instrument, which led to inaccurate hammer blow records.

[0022] 5. A new measuring structure was added, marking the penetration rod with numbers every 100mm. The measuring structure has a range of 100mm. The penetration depth can be accurately obtained by the number at the intersection of the measuring structure scale and the marking on the penetration rod. This solves the problem of large errors in the original instrument's use of a steel ruler to measure the penetration depth, which led to inaccurate penetration depth records.

[0023] Compared with existing technologies, this invention adds a fixing structure, a hammering structure, a counting structure, and a measuring structure, thereby solving the problems of operational safety and safety hazards in the test process, improving the measurement accuracy of the number of hammer blows and the penetration depth, ensuring that each hammer blow can be lifted to the height required by the specification, reducing the possibility of deviation in test results, and enhancing the accuracy and reliability of test results.

[0024] The above description is merely an overview of the technical solution of the present invention. In order to better understand the technical means of the present invention and to implement it in accordance with the contents of the specification, the preferred embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Attached Figure Description

[0025] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other design solutions and drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0026] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the heavy-duty dynamic penetration test apparatus; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a fixed structure; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the probe structure; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the probe's structure; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the probe's structure; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the through-core rod structure; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a through-hole hammer; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the gripper's structure; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the moving disk. Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the counting structure; Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the measurement structure.

[0027] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures: 101-Fixed rod; 102-Base plate; 103-Connecting rod; 104-Top plate; 105-Fixed pulley; 106-Through hole; 107-Columnar groove; 201-Probe probe; 202-Probe rod; 203-Through rod; 204-Top rod; 205-Circular washer; 206-Ring mark; 301-Thrust hammer; 302-Grabber; 303-Moving disc; 304-Annular groove; 305-Spring structure; 306-Hollow component; 307-Spring; 308-Annular slot; 401 - Bracket; 402 - Infrared counter; 5-Measurement Structure.

[0028] To make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. Detailed Implementation

[0029] The invention can be further understood in conjunction with the following detailed description of preferred embodiments and included examples. Unless otherwise stated, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains. If any definition of a specific term disclosed in the prior art differs from any definition provided herein, the definition provided herein shall prevail.

[0030] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention.

[0031] First Implementation Method The technical solution provided by this invention is as follows: Reference Figure 1 A heavy-duty dynamic penetrometer test apparatus includes a fixed structure, a penetrometer structure, a hammering structure, a counting structure, and a measuring structure 5. The fixed structure is fixed to the ground, as shown in the figure. Figure 3 The probe structure includes a top rod 204, a through rod 203, a probe rod 202, and a probe head 201 connected sequentially from top to bottom. The probe structure is installed on a fixed structure as a whole, with the probe head 201 at the bottom end protruding from the base plate 102 of the fixed structure; see reference. Figure 7-9 The hammering structure consists of three parts: a through-hole hammer 301, a gripper 302, and a moving disc 303. The moving disc 303 is fixed between the through-hole rod 203 and the top rod 204. The gripper 302 is sleeved on the lower end of the through-hole rod 203. The through-hole hammer 301 is sleeved on the through-hole rod 203 and can slide back and forth between the moving disc 303 and the gripper 302 along the axial direction of the through-hole rod 203. The counting structure is installed on the moving disc 303. The measuring structure 5 is detachably installed on the probe rod 202, and the bottom of the measuring structure 5 is in contact with the base plate 102 of the fixed structure.

[0032] As a further improvement to the above-described technical solution of the present invention, referring to Figure 2 The fixing structure includes a top plate 104 and a bottom plate 102. The top plate 104 and the bottom plate 102 are arranged parallel to each other, and there is a set distance between the bottom plate 104 and the bottom plate 102. The top plate 104 and the bottom plate 102 are connected by several parallel connecting rods 103. The top plate 104 is provided with several cylindrical grooves 107, and each cylindrical groove 107 is equipped with a fixed pulley 105. Preferably, the bottom plate 102 is fixed to the ground by a fixing assembly, and a through hole 106 is opened in the center of the bottom plate 102. The probe 201 is inserted into the bottom plate 102 through the through hole 106 and extends out of the bottom of the bottom plate 102.

[0033] Preferably, the fixing assembly includes a fixing rod 101, an upper cylinder and a lower cylinder. The base plate 102 has several through holes evenly distributed on it. The fixing rod 101 passes through the through holes and is fixed to the ground. The fixing rod 101 and the base plate 102 are connected by the upper cylinder and the lower cylinder.

[0034] The newly added fixing structure in this invention can fix the instrument and equipment on the test point. When the hammer is lifted manually, the fixed pulley can be used to make people relatively dispersed, which solves the problem of the operation space being too crowded and the safety of operation during the use of the original instrument and equipment. In one specific embodiment, the fixing rod 101 is preferably made of iron (other hard and lightweight materials can also be selected), with a height of 240mm. A cylindrical structure with a radius of 30mm and a thickness of 5mm is embedded 110mm from the bottom, and a cylindrical structure with a radius of 10mm and a thickness of 5mm is embedded 20mm from the top, used to fix the base plate (preferably a triangular structure, i.e., a triangular base plate) to the ground. The base plate is preferably made of iron (other hard and lightweight materials can also be selected), with a side length of 600mm and a thickness of 10mm. It has a central hole with a radius of 50mm for the probe structure to pass through, and three corner holes with a radius of 5mm each, located 250mm from the center, for connecting the fixing rod 101. Each of the three corners has a 5mm radius circular hole at a distance of 150mm from the center for connecting the connecting rod 103. The connecting rod 103 is made of iron and consists of a cylinder with a radius of 5mm and a height of 2200mm. The connecting rod 103 can connect the bottom plate and the top plate (preferably a triangular structure, i.e., a triangular top plate). The top plate is preferably made of iron (other hard and lightweight materials can also be selected), with a side length of 350mm and a thickness of 10mm. Each of the three corners has a 5mm radius circular hole at a distance of 150mm from the center for connecting the connecting rod 103. There are three cylindrical grooves distributed at a distance of 35mm from the center on the three sides. Fixed pulleys are installed in the cylindrical grooves, with one fixed pulley installed in each cylindrical groove, for changing the upward direction of the rope to downward pulling.

[0035] As a further optimization of the technical solution of the present invention, referring to Figure 4 The touch probe 201 is composed of a first cylinder, a first frustum, and a cone connected sequentially from top to bottom. The diameter of the bottom surface of the cone is the same as the diameter of the bottom surface of the first frustum and they are fixedly connected together. The diameter of the top surface of the first frustum is smaller than the diameter of the bottom surface, and the diameter of the top surface of the first frustum is the same as the diameter of the first cylinder.

[0036] In one specific embodiment, preferably, the probe 201 is made of iron (other hard and lightweight materials can also be selected), with a lower part being a cone with a radius of 38 mm and a height of 65.8 mm, a middle part being a frustum with a top radius of 30 mm, a lower radius of 38 mm, and a height of 90 mm, and an upper part being a cylinder with a radius of 30 mm and a height of 85 mm. Above the cylinder is a cylinder with a radius of 15 mm and a height of 30 mm, used to connect to the probe rod 202.

[0037] As a further optimization of the technical solution of the present invention, referring to Figure 5The probe rod 202 is a cylindrical structure. A ring mark 206 (i.e., scale) is set on the probe rod 202 at a certain fixed distance. The diameter of the probe rod 202 is the same as the diameter of the first cylinder. The lower end of the probe rod 202 is connected to the first cylinder of the probe probe 201 through a second cylinder. The diameter of the second cylinder is smaller than the diameter of the first cylinder. The upper end of the probe rod 202 is connected to a second frustum. The lower diameter of the second frustum is the same as the diameter of the probe rod 202 and is fixedly connected together. The upper diameter of the second frustum is larger than the lower diameter. The upper end of the second frustum is connected to the through rod 203 through a third cylinder.

[0038] In one specific embodiment, preferably, the probe rod 202 is made of iron, with a cylinder at the bottom having a radius of 30 mm and a height of 800 mm. A ring mark 206 is made every 100 mm, and numbers are marked from bottom to top. The upper part is a frustum with a top radius of 40 mm, a bottom radius of 30 mm, and a height of 50 mm. Above the frustum is a cylinder with a radius of 15 mm and a height of 30 mm, used to connect the through rod 203.

[0039] Reference Figure 6 The through rod 203 is preferably made of iron and consists of a cylinder with a radius of 20 mm and a height of 910 mm. Above the cylinder is a cylinder with a radius of 15 mm and a height of 45 mm, used to pass through the circular washer and connect to the top rod 204. The top rod 204 is further preferably made of iron and consists of a cylinder with a radius of 20 mm and a height of 200 mm. The circular washer is made of iron and consists of a ring with an inner radius of 15 mm, an outer radius of 25 mm, and a height of 10 mm. It is placed above the moving disc in the hammering structure and can fix the moving disc between the through rod 203 and the top rod 204.

[0040] As a further optimization of the technical solution of the present invention, referring to Figure 3 A circular washer 205 is provided between the mandrel 203 and the top rod 204. The outer diameter of the circular washer 205 is larger than the diameter of the mandrel 203. The circular washer is preferably made of iron and consists of a ring with an inner radius of 15 mm, an outer radius of 25 mm, and a height of 10 mm. It is placed above the moving disc in the hammering structure to fix the moving disc between the mandrel 203 and the top rod 204.

[0041] The newly added probe structure of this invention allows the instrument to stand upright at the test point, solving the safety hazard problem that the original instrument was prone to tilting when held by hand and was not easy to keep upright.

[0042] As a further optimization of the technical solution of the present invention, referring to Figure 7The hammer 301 has a hollow structure at the top inside, and an annular groove 304 in the middle of the hollow structure. The gripper 302 is connected to the annular groove 304. The hammer 301 has a hollow channel at the bottom inside for the hammer rod 203 to pass through. The hollow channel is connected to the hollow structure.

[0043] In one specific embodiment, the hammer is preferably made of iron and consists of a cylinder with a radius of 125 mm and a height of 150 mm. The hammer has a hollow channel with a radius of 22.5 mm in the middle for passing through the hammer rod 203. The hammer has a hollow structure with a radius of 50 mm and a height of 50 mm inside, and there is an annular groove in the middle of the hollow structure for connecting the gripper.

[0044] As a further optimization of the technical solution of the present invention, referring to Figure 8 The gripper 302 has a cylindrical structure with a cylindrical through hole in the middle axis. Around the cylindrical through hole, there are multiple blind holes that extend radially into the cylinder. A spring structure 305 is installed in each blind hole. The spherical protrusion on the front side of the spring structure 305 is inserted into the annular groove 304 to grip the hammer 301.

[0045] In one specific embodiment, the gripper 302 is preferably made of iron and consists of a cylinder with a radius of 49 mm and a height of 50 mm. A spring structure is distributed every 90° in the middle of the cylinder. A spherical protrusion at the front of the assembly can be inserted into an annular groove for gripping the hammer. A square hollow component is distributed every 120° on the top of the cylinder for connecting the rope that pulls the gripper.

[0046] As a further optimization of the technical solution of the present invention, referring to Figure 9 The movable disk 303 is composed of a large-diameter cylinder and an annular groove 308 installed on the lower surface of the large-diameter cylinder. The large-diameter cylinder and the annular groove 308 are coaxially arranged.

[0047] As a further optimization of the technical solution of the present invention, the large-diameter cylinder is provided with a cylindrical through hole in the middle axis for the top rod 204 to pass through.

[0048] Furthermore, a plurality of first circular holes are evenly distributed on the large-diameter cylinder in the circumferential direction away from the center, and the plurality of first circular holes are used to connect the connecting rod 103 of the fixed structure; a plurality of second circular holes are evenly distributed on the large-diameter cylinder in the circumferential direction near the center, and the plurality of second circular holes are used to pull the rope of the gripper 302.

[0049] The bottom surface of the large-diameter cylinder is evenly provided with multiple spring mounting holes extending axially inward along the circumference. Each spring mounting hole contains a spring to prevent the gripper 302 from getting stuck in the annular groove 308.

[0050] As a further optimization of the technical solution of the present invention, the upper surface of the gripper 302 is provided with a plurality of hollow components 306. The plurality of hollow components 306 are evenly distributed circumferentially along the upper surface of the gripper 302. A rope for pulling the gripper 302 is connected to the hollow component 306. The rope passes upward through the second circular hole on the moving disc 303 and then exits from the corresponding fixed pulley 105 on the top plate 104.

[0051] In one specific embodiment, the movable disc is preferably made of iron. The upper part is a cylinder with a radius of 200mm and a height of 10mm. At a distance of 150mm from the center, there is a circular hole with a radius of 5mm distributed every 120° for inserting the connecting rod of the fixed structure. The lower part is an annular groove with an inner radius of 49mm, an outer radius of 50mm, and a height of 30mm. At a distance of 42mm from the center, there is a circular hole with a radius of 5mm distributed every 120° for pulling the rope of the gripper. At a distance of 35mm from the center, there is a spring distributed every 120° to prevent the gripper from getting stuck in the annular groove and to pop the gripper out in time.

[0052] The newly added hammering structure in this invention consists of three parts: a hammer through the center, a gripper, and a moving disc. The gripper will only detach and allow the hammer to fall freely when the hammer is pulled to a specified height. If the hammer is not pulled to the specified height, the gripper will not detach. This solves the problem in the original instrument where the operator could not guarantee that the hammer would be raised to the designated height every time, leading to inaccurate test results. As a further optimization of the technical solution of this invention, see [reference needed]. Figure 10 The counting structure consists of a bracket 401 and an infrared counter 402. The infrared counter 402 is fixedly connected to the bracket 401, and the bracket 401 is fixed to the moving disk 303.

[0053] In one specific embodiment, the counting structure preferably consists of a bracket 401 (preferably an iron bracket) and an infrared counter 402. The infrared counter 402 is fixed to the bracket 401, and the bracket 401 is then fixed to the moving disc. Each time the hammer passes through the infrared counter, it counts once.

[0054] The counting structure of this invention uses an infrared counter, which is scientific and convenient. It solves the problem that the original instruments and equipment sometimes missed recordings of hammer blows, resulting in inaccurate hammer blow counts.

[0055] As a further optimization of the technical solution of the present invention, referring to Figure 11 The measuring structure 5 is a semi-circular annular cylinder structure, with scale lines set on both ends of its sides.

[0056] In one specific embodiment, the measuring structure is preferably composed of a semi-circular ring with an inner radius of 30mm, an outer radius of 60mm, and a height of 100mm. Scales are distributed on both sides of the inner side of the semi-circular ring. After the test, the measuring structure 5 is attached to the probe rod 202 with the base plate as the bottom surface. The scales of the probe rod 202 and the measuring scale are read to accurately measure the penetration depth.

[0057] The measuring structure of this invention marks the probe rod with numbers every 100mm. The measuring structure has a range of 100mm. By measuring the number at the intersection of the scale of the measuring structure and the markings on the probe rod, the penetration depth can be accurately obtained. This solves the problem that the original instrument used a steel ruler to measure the penetration depth, which caused a large error and resulted in inaccurate penetration depth recording.

[0058] Second Implementation Method This invention relates to a method of using a heavy-duty dynamic penetrometer, comprising the following steps: S1, the base plate 102 of the fixed structure is fixed to the ground by the fixing assembly, and the lower end of the connecting rod 103 is installed on the base plate 102. S2, install the probe structure on the fixed structure, and insert the probe head 201 of the probe structure into the soil through the bottom plate 102 of the fixed structure. S3, combine the hammer 301 and the gripper 302 into a hammering assembly, and insert the hammering assembly into the hammer rod 203; S4, the movable disc 303 is fixedly installed between the top rod 204 and the through rod 203; S5, connect the upper end of the connecting rod 103 to the top plate 104 of the fixed structure to keep the probe structure upright; S6, install the counting structure onto the moving disk 303, and connect the infrared counter 402 to the power supply; S7, a rope is connected to the hollow component 306 above the gripper 302, the rope passes upward through the second small hole on the moving disc 303 and comes out from the fixed pulley of the top plate 104; S8, pull the hammer 301 upward to the moving disc 303. The annular groove 308 at the bottom of the moving disc 303 can just fit into the multiple spring structures with protrusions of the gripper 302. The hammer 301 can then fall freely. At this time, the multiple springs at the bottom of the moving disc 303 can pop out the gripper 302 to prevent the gripper 302 from getting stuck in the annular groove 308. The gripper 302 falls freely to the hammer 301 and can then be inserted into the annular groove 304 to complete the gripping. S9. Repeat step S8 to hammer the structure until the test stops. During the entire hammering process, the fixed structure remains stationary, while the probing structure and the hammering structure move downwards continuously. S10, when the test is stopped, the measuring structure 5 is attached to the probe rod 202 with the base plate 102 as the bottom surface. The penetration depth is obtained according to the scale of the measuring structure 5 and the ring mark on the probe rod 202. S11, when the test is stopped, read the number of infrared counter 402. This number is the number of hammer blows in the test. S12, the number of hammer blows per 10cm penetration is calculated using the number of hammer blows and the penetration depth, and the characteristic value of the foundation bearing capacity is inferred according to relevant specifications; S13, dismantle all structures of the heavy-duty dynamic penetrometer from top to bottom to complete the test and inspection work.

[0059] In one specific embodiment, a method of using a heavy-duty dynamic penetrometer includes the following steps: Step 1: Connect the triangular base plate to the fixing rod 101, drive the fixing rod 101 into the soil, and make the lower disc of the fixing rod 101 close to the ground. Step 2: Connect the three connecting rods 103 to the triangular base plate; Step 3: Connect the probe 201 to the probe rod 202, connect the through rod 203 to the probe rod 202, insert the tip of the probe 201 into the soil through the through hole 106, and hold the probe rod 202 with your hand. Step 4: Combine the hammer 301 with the gripper 302 and insert the combined assembly into the rod 203. Step 5: Fit the movable disc 303 onto the through rod 203 and pass it through the three connecting rods 103. Place the circular washer 205 on the movable disc 303 and screw on the top rod 204. Step 6: Connect the triangular top plate to the connecting rod 103. The probe structure can remain upright. At this point, the fixed structure, the probe structure, and the hammering structure are all installed. Step 7: Install the counting structure onto the moving disk 303 and connect the infrared counter 402 to the power supply; Step 8: If the hammer 301 is lifted manually, connect ropes to the three hollow components 306 above the gripper 302, pass them upward through the three small holes of the moving disc 303, and exit from the three fixed pulleys of the triangular top plate; if the hammer is lifted by a power device (such as a winch), connect ropes to any one of the hollow components 306 above the gripper 302, pass them upward through the corresponding small hole of the moving disc 303, and exit from the corresponding fixed pulley of the triangular top plate. Step 9: Pull the hammer 301 upwards to the moving disc 303. The drop distance of the hammer 301 is exactly 76cm, which meets the specification requirements. The annular groove 308 at the bottom of the moving disc 303 can just fit into the four protruding spring structures of the gripper. The hammer 301 can then fall freely. At this time, the three springs at the bottom of the moving disc 303 can pop out the gripper 302 to prevent the gripper 302 from getting stuck in the annular groove 308. The gripper 302 falls freely to the hammer 301 and can then be inserted into the annular groove 304, completing the gripping. Step 10: Repeat step 9 continuously to hammer until the test stops. Throughout the hammering process, the fixed structure remains stationary, while the probing structure and the hammering structure move downwards continuously. Step 11: When stopping the test, attach the measuring structure 5 to the probe rod 202 with the triangular base plate as the bottom surface. The scale of the measuring structure and the mark on the probe rod 202 will intersect. First, read the number marked on the probe rod 202. Subtract 1 from this number to represent the tenths place of the penetration depth. Then, read the scale value at the intersection of the measuring structure and the unit place of the penetration depth. The combination of the two numbers is the accurate test penetration depth. Step 12: When the test is stopped, read the number from the infrared counter. This number is the number of hammer blows in the test. Step thirteen: Calculate the number of hammer blows required for every 10cm of penetration using the number of hammer blows and the penetration depth, and infer the characteristic value of the foundation bearing capacity based on relevant specifications.

[0060] Step fourteen: Dismantle all structures of the power penetration device from top to bottom to complete the test and inspection work.

[0061] The method of using the heavy-duty dynamic penetrometer provided by the present invention solves the problems of crowded operating space leading to operational safety issues, difficulty in keeping the penetrometer rod upright leading to safety hazards, inability to guarantee that the core hammer is raised to the specified height each time, inaccurate hammer count recording, and inaccurate penetration depth measurement, thereby improving the safety and accuracy of dynamic penetrometer testing.

[0062] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can devise many other modifications and implementations without departing from the technical principles of the present invention. These modifications and implementations will fall within the scope and spirit of the principles disclosed in the present invention. More specifically, within the scope of the present invention disclosure, drawings, and claims, various variations and improvements can be made to the components and / or layout of the subject combination layout. Besides variations and improvements to the components and / or layout, other uses will also be apparent to those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. A heavy-duty dynamic penetrometer, characterized in that: The system includes a fixed structure, a probing structure, a hammering structure, a counting structure, and a measuring structure (5). The fixed structure is fixed to the ground. The probing structure includes a top rod (204), a through rod (203), a probing rod (202), and a probe (201) connected sequentially from top to bottom. The probing structure is installed on the fixed structure as a whole, and the probe (201) at the lowest end protrudes through the bottom plate (102) of the fixed structure. The fixed structure includes a top plate (104), on which a plurality of cylindrical grooves (107) are provided. Each cylindrical groove (107) is equipped with a fixed pulley (105). The hammering structure consists of three parts: a through-hole hammer (301), a gripper (302), and a moving disc (303). The moving disc (303) is fixed between the through-hole rod (203) and the top rod (204). The gripper (302) is sleeved on the lower end of the through-hole rod (203). The through-hole hammer (301) is sleeved on the through-hole rod (203) and can slide back and forth between the moving disc (303) and the gripper (302) along the axial direction of the through-hole rod (203). The hammer (301) has a hollow structure at the top inside, and an annular groove (304) is provided in the middle of the hollow structure. The gripper (302) is connected in the annular groove (304). The hammer (301) has a hollow channel at the bottom inside for the hammer rod (203) to pass through. The hollow channel is connected to the hollow structure. The gripper (302) is a cylindrical structure with a cylindrical through hole in the middle. Around the cylindrical through hole, there are multiple blind holes that extend radially into the cylinder. A spring structure (305) is installed in each blind hole. The spherical protrusion on the front side of the spring structure (305) is inserted into the annular groove (304) for gripping the hammer (301). The upper surface of the gripper (302) is provided with a plurality of hollow components (306). The plurality of hollow components (306) are evenly distributed circumferentially along the upper surface of the gripper (302). A rope for pulling the gripper (302) is connected to the hollow component (306). The rope passes upward through the second circular hole on the moving disc (303) and then exits from the corresponding fixed pulley (105) on the top plate (104). The moving disc (303) consists of a large-diameter cylinder and an annular groove (308) installed on the lower surface of the large-diameter cylinder. The large-diameter cylinder and the annular groove (308) are coaxially arranged. The large-diameter cylinder has a cylindrical through hole in the middle axially for the top rod (204) to pass through. The lower bottom surface of the large-diameter cylinder is evenly provided with a plurality of spring mounting holes extending axially inward in the circumferential direction. Each spring mounting hole is equipped with a spring to prevent the gripper (302) from getting stuck in the annular groove (308). The counting structure is mounted on the moving disk (303); The measuring structure (5) is detachably mounted on the probe rod (202), and the bottom of the measuring structure (5) is in contact with the base plate (102) of the fixed structure.

2. The heavy-duty dynamic penetrometer as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The fixing structure includes a base plate (102), and a top plate (104) is arranged parallel to the base plate (102), with a set distance between the top plate (104) and the base plate (102); the top plate (104) and the base plate (102) are connected by several parallel connecting rods (103); the top plate (104) is provided with several cylindrical grooves (107), and each cylindrical groove (107) is equipped with a fixed pulley (105); The base plate (102) is fixed to the ground by a fixing component, and a through hole (106) is provided in the center of the base plate (102). The probe (201) is inserted into the base plate (102) through the through hole (106) and extends out of the bottom of the base plate (102).

3. The heavy-duty dynamic penetrometer as described in claim 2, characterized in that: The fixing assembly includes a fixing rod (101), an upper cylinder and a lower cylinder. The base plate (102) has several through holes evenly distributed on it. The fixing rod (101) passes through the through holes and is fixed to the ground. The fixing rod (101) and the base plate (102) are connected by the upper cylinder and the lower cylinder.

4. The heavy-duty dynamic penetrometer as described in claim 2, characterized in that: Both the through rod (203) and the top rod (204) are cylindrical structures, and the through rod (203) and the top rod (204) have the same diameter. The diameter of the probe rod (202) is larger than the diameter of the through rod (203). A circular gasket (205) is provided between the through rod (203) and the top rod (204), and the outer diameter of the circular gasket (205) is larger than the diameter of the through rod (203).

5. The heavy-duty dynamic penetrometer as described in claim 4, characterized in that: The probe rod (202) is also provided with a ring mark (206).

6. The heavy-duty dynamic penetrometer as described in claim 2, characterized in that: The moving disc (303) has a plurality of first circular holes evenly distributed on its large-diameter cylinder in the circumferential direction away from the center. The plurality of first circular holes are used to connect the connecting rod (103) of the fixed structure. The large-diameter cylinder has a plurality of second circular holes evenly distributed on its circumferential direction near the center. The plurality of second circular holes are used to pull the rope of the gripper (302).

7. The heavy-duty dynamic penetrometer as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The counting structure consists of a bracket (401) and an infrared counter (402). The infrared counter (402) is fixedly connected to the bracket (401), and the bracket (401) is fixed to the moving disc (303).

8. A method of using the heavy-duty dynamic penetrometer as described in claim 2, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1, the base plate (102) of the fixed structure is fixed to the ground by the fixing component, and the lower end of the connecting rod (103) is installed on the base plate (102); S2, install the probe structure on the fixed structure, and insert the probe (201) of the probe structure into the soil through the bottom plate (102) of the fixed structure; S3, combine the hammer (301) and the gripper (302) into a hammering assembly, and insert the hammering assembly into the mandrel (203). S4, the movable disc (303) is fixedly installed between the top rod (204) and the through rod (203); S5, connect the upper end of the connecting rod (103) to the top plate (104) of the fixed structure to keep the probe structure upright; S6, install the counting structure onto the moving disk (303) and turn on the power to the infrared counter (402); S7, a rope is connected to the hollow member (306) above the gripper (302), the rope passes upward through the second circular hole on the moving disc (303) and exits from the fixed pulley of the top plate (104); S8, pull the hammer (301) upward to the moving disc (303). The annular groove (308) at the bottom of the moving disc (303) can just fit the multiple spring structures (305) with protrusions of the gripper (302). The hammer (301) can then fall freely. At this time, the multiple springs at the bottom of the moving disc (303) can pop out the gripper (302) to prevent the gripper (302) from getting stuck in the annular groove (308). The gripper (302) falls freely to the hammer (301) and can then be inserted into the annular groove (304) to complete the gripping. S9. Repeat step S8 to hammer the structure until the test stops. During the entire hammering process, the fixed structure remains stationary, while the probing structure and the hammering structure move downwards continuously. S10, when the test is stopped, the measuring structure (5) is attached to the probe rod (202) with the base plate (102) as the bottom surface. The penetration depth is obtained according to the scale of the measuring structure (5) and the ring mark (206) on the probe rod (202). S11, when the test is stopped, read the number of the infrared counter (402), which is the number of hammer blows in the test; S12, the number of hammer blows per 10cm penetration is calculated using the number of hammer blows and the penetration depth, and the characteristic value of the foundation bearing capacity is inferred according to relevant specifications; S13, dismantle all structures of the heavy-duty dynamic penetrometer from top to bottom to complete the test and inspection work.

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