Intraveinous preparation of a mechanized sublevel caving method with room and pillar mining

Abstract

The present application belongs to the technical field of mining process, and particularly relates to a kind of in-vein mining mechanization no panel room and pillar mining method, characterized in that, including dividing ore block structure, in-vein mining, entry type stoping, the specific steps are as follows: 1) not dividing panel in stage, directly dividing mine house and mine column along the trend of ore body; 2) arranging in-vein crossheading at the bottom of each stage along the trend of ore body, arranging return air raise adjacent to main slope, arranging into return air raise along the tendency of ore body; 3) entry type stoping, stoping the ore body between the adjacent mine column of mine house, forming point column, until the whole stage is stoped completely. The present application has the advantages of: adopting entry type mining, reducing the exposed area of mine house, at the same time, leaving point column in the whole stage, playing the role of supporting roof, improving roof stability, greatly improving operation safety, realizing efficient mining of ore block, greatly simplifying mining engineering, reducing mining engineering quantity, effectively reducing mining cost.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of mining technology, and in particular relates to a mechanized, panel-free room-and-pillar mining method for intravessel preparation. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, the main mining methods for gently dipping thin ore bodies with poor ore stability and weak, fractured rock include the pass-through filling method, the room-and-pillar method, and the full-face method. The pass-through filling method has advantages such as high ore recovery and low waste rock contamination rate, but it also has disadvantages such as complex mining procedures, high production costs, and low production capacity. While the traditional room-and-pillar method and the full-face method have lower production costs than the filling method, their production capacity is lower, and their preparation engineering is more complex. For ore bodies with poor ore properties, the allowable exposed area is small, and the safety of mining is poor.

[0003] Chinese invention patent application number 201110321586.8 discloses a continuous segmented backfilling mining method for medium-thick, inclined, fractured ore bodies using a panel-less stope and pillar sharing connecting roadway. The ore body is divided into middle sections, within which spiral ramps connect segmented transport roadways along the ore body's strike. There are no inter-section divisions between the stops and pillars. During stope mining, a connecting roadway is excavated towards the center of the pillar, and a vein-side roadway is excavated along the hanging wall of the ore body to the entire stope. The stope and pillar share a single connecting roadway. After mining, a backfilling retaining wall is constructed at the junction of the stope and pillar. Cemented backfilling is performed on the goaf from the upper section. In the middle section, the stope is mined first, then the pillar is mined. After the pillar is mined, a backfilling retaining wall is constructed in the connecting roadway, using non-cemented backfilling and a 1m thick cemented backfill surface. Within the same section, multiple stopes perform parallel operations of drilling, blasting, support, ore extraction, and backfilling to achieve continuous mining. The drawback of this scheme is that a backfilling retaining wall needs to be built in the connecting roadway after mining, which is complicated and inefficient. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a mechanized, panel-free room and pillar mining method within a vein, which overcomes the shortcomings of existing technologies, simplifies mining procedures, improves safety, and enables simultaneous mining of different stops within a stage or intermittent period, with no mutual interference between the mining operations of each stop, resulting in high production capacity. Shaft drilling, ore extraction, and transportation all adopt trackless transportation, improving production efficiency.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0006] A mechanized, panel-free room-and-pillar mining method with in-vein preparation is characterized by including ore block structure division, in-vein preparation, and access-type mining, wherein the specific operation steps are as follows:

[0007] 1) Divide the ore body into strip stages along the dip direction. Do not divide the panel area within the stage. Directly divide the stope and pillar along the strike of the ore body. The stope and pillar are arranged alternately, and the long axis is arranged along the dip direction of the ore body. The bottom pillar of this stage is left at the bottom, which will also be the top pillar of the next stage.

[0008] 2) In-vein mining preparation: The main inclined ramp is arranged along the dip of the ore body in the vein. In-vein connecting roadways are arranged along the strike of the ore body at the bottom of each stage. The main inclined ramp is vertically connected to the in-vein connecting roadway. The intake air ramp is arranged on both sides of the main inclined ramp at a distance of several panels. The return air ramp is arranged next to the main inclined ramp. The intake and return air ramps are arranged along the dip of the ore body.

[0009] 3) For access mining, the stope is mined first. While the stope is being mined, the ore body between the pillars adjacent to the stope is also mined to form a point pillar until the entire stage of mining is completed.

[0010] The range of the strip stage refers to a length of 60m to 100m along the dip, with a stope width of 6m to 8m, a pillar width of 4m to 6m, a bottom pillar thickness of 4m to 6m, and a point pillar size of 4m×4m to 6m×6m after mining is completed; the pillar widths on both sides of the main inclined road and between the main inclined road and the return air incline are 8m to 10m.

[0011] The ore deposit is mined by a roadway method, in which a drilling rig excavates shallow holes along the dip direction of the ore body, and blasts the ore through the connecting roadway within the vein as a free face. After blasting and ventilation, a loader is used to unload the ore into underground dump trucks located in the connecting roadway within the vein, and then transports it to the surface via the main inclined ramp.

[0012] The fresh airflow in the intra-vein connecting roadway enters the underground stages through the intake air ramp and the main inclined ramp. The fresh airflow in the intra-vein connecting roadway is introduced into each mined stope through the local fan, and after washing the working face, it returns to the surface through the intra-vein connecting roadway and the return air ramp.

[0013] In step 3), when the ore blocks are being mined simultaneously at different stages, the upper stage should be 4 to 6 ore blocks ahead of the lower stage.

[0014] In the aforementioned access-type mining process, the entire rock drilling, ore extraction, and transportation processes are fully mechanized and trackless.

[0015] In step 3), when the stops are in the same stage and all stops are mined simultaneously, the stops farther from the main slope should advance ahead of the stops closer to the main slope, and the mining direction should be from the return air uphill side to the main slope side.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0017] 1) Increased safety: The use of a road-type mining method reduces the exposed area of ​​the ore chamber, and the installation of support pillars throughout the entire stage helps to support the roof, improves roof stability, and greatly enhances operational safety.

[0018] 2) High-efficiency mining: It can simultaneously mine different ore blocks between stages and within intervals, and the mining of each ore block does not affect each other, which greatly improves production capacity. At the same time, each process operation adopts high-efficiency trackless mechanized equipment to achieve efficient mining of ore blocks.

[0019] 3) Less preparation work: All preparation work in this mining method is located within the vein, and trackless transportation is used for drilling, ore extraction, and transportation. The traditional room-and-pillar method and the full-face method eliminate the need for mining pass shafts, intake and return air shafts, etc., which greatly simplifies the preparation work and reduces the amount of preparation work.

[0020] 4) Low mining cost. Since the preparation and mining processes are relatively simple and can be mechanized, the mining cost can be effectively reduced compared with the approach filling method, traditional room and pillar method and the full-scale method. Attached Figure Description

[0021] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an embodiment of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 2 for Figure 1 Sectional view along line II-II;

[0023] Figure 3 for Figure 1 Cross-sectional view along line III-III.

[0024] In the diagram: 1-Main ramp, 2-Internal connecting roadway, 3-Intake airway, 4-Gemstone stope, 5-Pillar, 6-Top (bottom) pillar, 7-Ventilator, 8-Blast hole, 9-Security pillar, 10-Return airway, 11-Point pillar. Detailed Implementation

[0025] The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to specific embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments.

[0026] To more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the specific embodiments used in the description of the specific embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the specific embodiments described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other specific embodiments can be obtained based on these specific embodiments without creative effort.

[0027] The components of the embodiments of the invention described and shown in the specific embodiments herein can be arranged and designed in countless different configurations. Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the invention provided in the specific embodiments is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed invention, but merely to illustrate selected embodiments of the invention.

[0028] See Figure 1-3 This is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the mechanized, panel-less room-and-pillar mining method within a vein, provided by the present invention. The method includes dividing the ore block structure, in-vein preparation, and access-type mining. The specific operational steps are as follows:

[0029] 1) Divide the ore body into strip stages along its dip, with each stage ranging from 60m to 100m in length. No panels are defined within each stage. Divide the ore body directly along its strike into stops and pillars, with stops and pillars spaced alternately. Stopes are 6m to 8m wide, and pillars are 4m to 6m wide, with their long axes aligned with the dip of the ore body. A bottom pillar for this stage is left at the bottom, which also serves as the top pillar for the next stage. The top (bottom) pillar is 4m to 6m thick.

[0030] 2) In-vein preparation: The main inclined roadway 1 is arranged along the dip of the ore body in the vein. The connecting roadway 2 in the vein is arranged along the strike of the ore body at the bottom of each stage. The main inclined roadway 1 is perpendicularly connected to the connecting roadway 2 in the vein. The intake air ramp 3 (also called the return air ramp) is arranged at a distance of several panels on both sides of the main inclined roadway 1. The return air ramp 10 is arranged adjacent to the main inclined roadway 1. Both the intake air ramp 3 and the return air ramp 10 are arranged along the dip of the ore body.

[0031] 3) Approach-type mining: The stope is mined using an approach method. A drilling rig is used to excavate shallow holes along the dip direction of the ore body. The ore is then blasted from the free face using the connecting roadway 2 within the vein. After blasting and ventilation, a loader is used to remove the ore. The ore is unloaded by the loader into underground dump trucks located in the connecting roadway 2 within the vein, and then transported to the surface via the main inclined ramp. The entire drilling, ore extraction, and transportation process is fully mechanized and trackless.

[0032] In this embodiment, while the stope is being mined, the ore body between the pillars adjacent to the stope is also being mined to form point pillars 11, until the entire stage of mining is completed.

[0033] In this embodiment, the mining sequence allows for simultaneous mining between strip stages, but the upper stage must advance the lower stage by 4-6 stops. Multiple stops within a stage can be mined simultaneously, with the mining direction shifting from the return air uphill side towards the main slope side. However, stops farther from the main slope must advance than those closer to it. First, the stops are mined. Simultaneously, the ore body between the adjacent pillars is mined, forming point pillars (11) with dimensions ranging from 4m×4m to 6m×6m. This process continues until the entire stage is completed.

[0034] The ventilation system of this invention allows fresh air to enter the connecting roadways of each stage of the mine through the intake air ramp and the main inclined roadway. The fresh air in the connecting roadways is then introduced into each mined stope by a local fan. After washing the working face, the fresh air returns to the surface through the connecting roadway and the return air ramp.

[0035] This invention employs a pass-through mining method, reducing the exposed area of ​​the stopes. Simultaneously, point pillars are installed throughout the entire process to support the roof, improving roof stability and significantly enhancing operational safety. Secondly, it allows for simultaneous mining of different stops between stages and intermittently, without interference between different stops, greatly increasing production capacity. Furthermore, all operations utilize highly efficient trackless mechanized equipment, achieving efficient block mining. All preparatory work in this invention is arranged within the vein, with drilling, ore extraction, and transportation all employing trackless transport. It eliminates the need for traditional room-and-pillar and full-face mining methods, such as mining pass shafts and intake / return air shafts, greatly simplifying preparatory work and reducing its workload. Because the preparatory and mining processes are relatively simple and can be mechanized, compared to existing technologies such as pass-through filling, traditional room-and-pillar, and full-face mining methods, it significantly reduces mining costs.

[0036] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A mechanized, panel-free room-and-pillar mining method for intra-vein mining, characterized in that, This includes dividing the ore block structure, preparing for mining within the vein, and using an access route for mining. The specific operational steps are as follows: 1) Divide the ore body into strip stages along the dip of the ore body. Do not divide the panel area within the stage. Directly divide the stope and pillar along the strike of the ore body. The stope and pillar are arranged alternately, and the long axis is arranged along the dip of the ore body. The bottom pillar of this stage is left at the bottom, which will also be the top pillar of the next stage. 2) In-vein mining preparation: The main inclined ramp is arranged along the dip of the ore body in the vein. In-vein connecting roadways are arranged at the bottom of each stage along the strike of the ore body. The main inclined ramp is vertically connected to the in-vein connecting roadways. The intake air ramp is arranged on both sides of the main inclined ramp at a distance of several panels. The return air ramp is arranged next to the main inclined ramp. The intake and return air ramps are arranged along the dip of the ore body. 3) The approach mining method first mines the stope. While mining the stope, it also mines the ore body between the pillars adjacent to the stope to form a pillar, until the entire stage of mining is completed. In the approach mining process, the entire drilling, ore extraction and transportation are all trackless mechanized operations. The range of the strip stage refers to a length of 60m to 100m along the dip, with a stope width of 6m to 8m, a pillar width of 4m to 6m, a bottom pillar thickness of 4m to 6m, and a point pillar size of 4m×4m to 6m×6m after mining is completed; the pillar width on both sides of the main inclined road and between the main inclined road and the return air incline is 8m to 10m. The ore block is mined by a roadway method, in which a tunneling and drilling rig digs shallow holes along the dip direction of the ore body, and uses the connecting roadway within the vein as a free face for blasting and caving. After blasting and ventilation, a loader is used to unload the ore into an underground dump truck located in the connecting roadway within the vein, and then transports it to the surface via the main inclined ramp. The fresh air flow in the vein connecting roadway enters the underground stages through the intake air ramp and the main inclined roadway. The fresh air flow in the vein connecting roadway is introduced into each mining stop through the local fan. After washing the working face, it returns to the surface through the vein connecting roadway and the return air ramp. In step 3), when the ore blocks are mined at different stages, the upper stage should advance the lower stage by 4 to 6 ore blocks. When the ore blocks are in the same stage, the ore blocks that are far from the main slope should advance the ore blocks that are close to the main slope, and the direction of retreat mining should be from the return air uphill side to the main slope side.

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