A system and method for recording the length of use of a building component using passive circuits

Abstract

The application discloses a system and method for recording the service life of a building component by using a passive circuit, and the system comprises a first resistance module, a second resistance module, a first electrode, a second electrode and a third electrode, wherein the first electrode is connected with the first resistance module, the second resistance module is connected with the first resistance module through the second electrode, and the third electrode is connected with the second resistance module; the system is implanted in the building component in the form of pre-buried pouring. The two arms of the electric bridge are made of two resistances, so that the volume is in the centimeter level, and the size can be ignored compared with the size of the building component, and the system is convenient to implant in the building component.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of building monitoring technology, and in particular to a system and method for recording the usage time of building components using passive circuits. Background Technology

[0002] To ensure the reliability of buildings (including building components) during their service life, it is necessary to know the manufacturing time of the building and its components to calculate their service life. Traditionally, the manufacturing time of buildings (or components) is recorded using nameplates or plaques. However, due to the long service life of buildings, nameplates or plaques are easily damaged or lost over a long period. Furthermore, this method of recording media is an add-on to the building, and cannot cover all major components (some structures, such as bridges or prefabricated buildings, may have components that are later modified or replaced), and it lacks tamper-proof functionality. Electronic tags are also used, embedding information-containing tags within building components. However, the biggest problem with this method is that the information storage medium is non-volatile memory, which has a limited storage time. Moreover, over time, the protocols and technologies for reading the electronic tags change so much that there is no longer sufficient equipment available for reading them. Summary of the Invention

[0003] To address the aforementioned technical problems, this invention proposes a system and method for recording the usage time of building components using a passive circuit. A special bridge is made of radioactive metal isotope material. By selecting different materials, time can be recorded on a timescale of tens of thousands of years. Furthermore, the data can be measured and read at any time using the simplest circuit measurement method.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides a system for recording the usage time of building components using passive circuitry, comprising:

[0005] The system comprises a first resistor module, a second resistor module, a first electrode, a second electrode, and a third electrode, wherein the first electrode is connected to the first resistor module, the second resistor module is connected to the first resistor module through the second electrode, and the third electrode is connected to the second resistor module. The system is embedded into the building component through a pre-casting method.

[0006] Preferably, the first resistor module is a decay resistor, which is made of radioactive isotope material.

[0007] Preferably, the half-life of the radioactive isotope is greater than the design service life of the building, and its decay cannot be gamma rays. The decay products are insulating materials or conductive materials with different resistivity, and no longer have radioactivity.

[0008] Preferably, the second resistor module is a common resistor, which is a carbon film resistor, a metal film resistor, or a wire-wound resistor.

[0009] Preferably, the first electrode, the second electrode, and the third electrode are made of corrosion-resistant materials or electroplated.

[0010] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention also provides a method for recording the usage time of building components using passive circuitry, comprising:

[0011] A system for recording the usage time of a building component using passive circuitry is embedded in the building component. The first, second, and third electrodes are exposed on the building component. The resistance values ​​of the first and second resistor modules are adjusted to be the same, and the measurement is started. The resistance values ​​of the first and second resistor modules are measured through the first, second, and third electrodes, and the time elapsed since the building component was manufactured is calculated.

[0012] Preferably, the method for calculating the time elapsed since the building component was manufactured is as follows:

[0013] For decay products that are insulating materials:

[0014]

[0015] For decay products that are conductors:

[0016]

[0017] Where T is the calculated duration, R1 and R2 are the measured values ​​of the first and second resistor modules, respectively, and ρ A C represents the resistivity of material A before decay in the fabrication of the first resistor module, C is the coefficient for calculating the resistivity of material B after decay in material A after doping, and x is the decay ratio of material A per unit period.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and technical effects:

[0019] This invention uses two resistors to form the two arms of a bridge, so its volume is in the centimeter range, which is negligible compared to the size of building components, making it easy to embed in building components; the two resistors forming the two arms of the bridge only require three electrodes to be exposed outside the building component, and the duration data can be obtained by the simplest method (such as a multimeter).

[0020] The method of this invention mainly uses resistors made of radioactive metal isotope materials. By selecting materials with different half-lives, time can be recorded over any long period of time. Attached Figure Description

[0021] The accompanying drawings, which form part of this application, are used to provide a further understanding of this application. The illustrative embodiments and descriptions of this application are used to explain this application and do not constitute an undue limitation of this application. In the drawings:

[0022] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a system structure for recording the usage time of building components using a passive circuit, according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram showing the change in resistance length after winding six layers of wire with different wire diameters to form a 100Ω resistor with a diameter of 10mm.

[0024] Figure 3 This is a diagram illustrating the implementation of the apparatus in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0025] It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described in this application can be combined with each other. This application will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0026] It should be noted that the steps shown in the flowchart in the accompanying drawings can be executed in a computer system such as a set of computer-executable instructions, and although a logical order is shown in the flowchart, in some cases the steps shown or described may be executed in a different order than that shown here.

[0027] This invention proposes a system for recording the usage time of building components using passive circuitry, such as... Figure 1 ,include:

[0028] The system comprises a first resistor module, a second resistor module, a first electrode, a second electrode, and a third electrode, wherein the first electrode is connected to the first resistor module, the second resistor module is connected to the first resistor module through the second electrode, and the third electrode is connected to the second resistor module. The system is embedded into the building component through a pre-casting method.

[0029] The first resistor module is a decay resistor, made of a radioactive isotope material. This material must be conductive; have a half-life greater than the building's design life; and its decay cannot be gamma rays (strong ionizing radiation sources cannot be used in buildings); the decay products must still be conductive and no longer radioactive (decaying into a stable element). In this embodiment, the radioactive isotope metal material is nickel. 63 .nickel 63 It is a metallic material, conductive, emits beta rays during decay (which are difficult to penetrate building components), has a half-life of 100.1 years, and its decay products are copper. 63 ,copper 63 It is a stable material that is non-radioactive.

[0030] The second resistor module is a standard resistor, which consists of resistive material, conductor material, and a resistor core. The resistive material can be carbon, metal, alloy, etc., while the conductor material can be copper, aluminum, etc. When manufacturing a resistor, the appropriate material must be selected based on the resistance value and power rating. The resistor core is the main part of the resistor. Its manufacturing requires uniformly mixing the resistive and conductor materials, and then forming it through extrusion, stretching, and pressing. When manufacturing the resistor core, attention must be paid to the uniformity and density of the material to ensure the stability and accuracy of the resistor. Wire-wound resistors can also be used for standard resistors.

[0031] The first, second, and third electrodes are made of corrosion-resistant materials or electroplated. For example, copper electrodes are plated with gold.

[0032] This embodiment also provides a method for recording the usage time of building components using passive circuits, including:

[0033] A system for recording the usage time of a building component using passive circuitry is embedded in the building component. The first, second, and third electrodes are exposed on the building component. The resistance values ​​of the first and second resistor modules are adjusted to be the same, and the measurement is started. The resistance values ​​of the first and second resistor modules are measured through the first, second, and third electrodes, and the time elapsed since the building component was manufactured is calculated.

[0034] The principle behind this time-recording method is to implant the two resistors mentioned above during the fabrication of building components, with the three electrodes exposed on the components. Before implantation, the resistance values ​​of resistors 1 and 2 are adjusted to be the same (e.g., adjusting the winding length of the winding resistor). After the resistors are implanted, resistor 1 will decay over time; that is, the radioactive material A (such as nickel) in resistor 1 will gradually transform into another material B (such as copper). Since material A and material B have different resistivities (e.g., nickel has a resistivity of 6.83 × 10⁻⁶), the resistance of material A and material B is different. -8 Ω·m, copper is 1.678×10 -8 (Ω·m), since the composite material is made of conductors of different materials, it is equivalent to doping one material with another. According to relevant theories, the resistivity of the doped conductor will be greater than the maximum of the two materials. The following formula can be used to calculate:

[0035] ρ=ρ A +CX(1-X)

[0036] Where ρ A Let A be the resistivity of material A, C be the calculation coefficient for adding material B to material A, such as adding copper to nickel, C = 990 nΩ·m, and X be the proportion of material B added to A.

[0037] For example, if material A partially decays into material B, then as time increases, the resistance of resistor 1 will increase, while the resistance of resistor 2 will remain unchanged. The resistance values ​​of resistors 1 and 2 can be easily measured at any time using electrodes 1, 2, and 3.

[0038] The time elapsed since the building component was manufactured can be calculated using the following formula:

[0039] For decay products that are insulating materials:

[0040]

[0041] For decay products that are conductors:

[0042]

[0043] Temperature correction is not considered in the formula because resistors 1 and 2 are in the same environment, and the synchronizing effect of temperature influence is taken into account, so the temperature effect is ignored in the calculation; T is the calculated duration (for decay products that are conductors, T should not be greater than the half-life of material A), and the calculation result is a multiple of the unit period (e.g., if the unit period is "week", then T is a multiple of 7 days); R1 and R2 are the measured values ​​of the first and second resistor modules, respectively; ρ A The resistivity of material A before decay in the fabrication of the first resistor module is given by C, which is a coefficient for calculating the resistivity of material B after decay in material A (units are the same as resistivity units). In the formula, x is the decay ratio of material A per unit period. For example, if the unit period is "week", then x is the decay ratio of material A per seven days. The formula for calculating x is as follows:

[0044]

[0045] Where x is in percentage; N is the half-life of material A in years; and nd is the number of days in a unit period (e.g., if the unit period is "week", nd equals 7; if the unit period is "month", nd equals 30).

[0046] The principle of this time-recording method is to embed the two resistors mentioned above during the fabrication of the building components, exposing the three electrodes to the components. Before embedding, the resistance values ​​of resistors 1 and 2 are adjusted to be the same (for example, using the same metal material; resistor 1 uses a radioactive material, and resistor 2 uses a non-radioactive material. Since resistivity is related to the element number and not to the atomic weight, the resistivity of the same metal element, whether radioactive or not, is the same. Using the same manufacturing process, resistors with the same resistance value can be produced, such as wire-wound resistors with the same wire diameter, winding diameter, and number of turns). This embodiment recommends using nickel-enameled wire (enameled wire can isolate short circuits between turns in the wire-wound resistor) to fabricate resistors 1 and 2. Figure 2The length of the resistor after winding with six layers of wire of different diameters (mm) to produce a resistor with a resistance of 100Ω and a diameter of 10mm is calculated.

[0047] Depend on Figure 2 As can be seen, the length of the resistor with a wire diameter of 0.2mm is about 50mm. The strength of the nickel wire and the dimensions after winding meet the requirements. The reason for choosing a 100Ω resistor is that a small resistor will have a large measurement error, while a large resistor will make the size too large. A 100Ω resistor is more convenient for measurement and analysis.

[0048] After the resistor is implanted, resistor 1 will decay over time. That is, the radioactive material A (such as nickel) in resistor 1 will gradually transform into another material B (such as copper). Since material A and material B have different resistivities (e.g., nickel has a resistivity of 6.84 × 10⁻⁶), the resistor will decay. -8 Ω·m, copper is 1.678×10 -8 (Ω·m), since the composite material is made of conductors of different materials, it is equivalent to doping one material with another. According to relevant theories, the resistivity of the doped conductor will be greater than the maximum of the two materials. The following formula can be used to calculate:

[0049] ρ=ρ A +CX(1-X)

[0050] Where ρ A Let A be the resistivity of material A, C be the calculation coefficient for adding material B to material A, such as adding copper to nickel, C = 990 nΩ·m, and X be the proportion of material B added to A.

[0051] For example, if material A partially decays into material B, then over time, the resistance of resistor 1 will increase, while the resistance of resistor 2 will remain constant. The resistance values ​​of resistors 1 and 2 can be easily measured at any time using electrodes 1, 2, and 3. Therefore, the time elapsed since the building component was manufactured can be calculated using the following formula:

[0052] For decay products that are insulating materials:

[0053]

[0054] For decay products that are conductors:

[0055]

[0056] Temperature correction is not considered in the formula because resistors 1 and 2 are in the same environment, and the synchronizing effect of temperature influence is taken into account, so the temperature effect is ignored in the calculation; T is the calculated duration (for decay products that are conductors, T should not be greater than the half-life of material A), and the calculation result is a multiple of the unit period (e.g., if the unit period is "week", then T is a multiple of 7 days); R1 and R2 are the measured values ​​of the first and second resistor modules, respectively; ρ A The resistivity of material A before decay in the fabrication of the first resistor module is given by C, which is a coefficient for calculating the resistivity of material B after decay in material A (units are the same as resistivity units). In the formula, x is the decay ratio of material A per unit period. For example, if the unit period is "week", then x is the decay ratio of material A per seven days. The formula for calculating x is as follows:

[0057]

[0058] Where x is in percentage; N is the half-life of material A in years; and nd is the number of days in a unit period (e.g., if the unit period is "week", nd equals 7; if the unit period is "month", nd equals 30).

[0059] Table 1 below shows nickel 63 A table showing the decay rate, resistance value, and resistance change rate of a 100Ω resistor wound up over two years.

[0060] As shown in Table 1, a measurement circuit with a measurement accuracy of one-thousandth can achieve a "cycle" accuracy. For digital circuits, a 12-bit ADC circuit can achieve this measurement accuracy.

[0061] The implementation of the device is as follows Figure 3 As shown, the complete device includes, in addition to two resistors and three electrodes, a lead shell for shielding against beta rays, an insulating filler (such as ceramic powder) for fixing the winding resistors, and corresponding connecting wires.

[0062] Table 1

[0063]

[0064] The above are merely preferred embodiments of this application, but the scope of protection of this application is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in this application should be included within the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, the scope of protection of this application should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A method for recording the usage time of building components using passive circuitry, characterized in that, include: A system for recording the usage time of a building component using passive circuitry is embedded in the building component. The first, second, and third electrodes are exposed on the building component. The resistance values ​​of the first and second resistor modules are adjusted to be the same, and the measurement is started. The resistance values ​​of the first and second resistor modules are measured through the first, second, and third electrodes, and the time elapsed since the building component was manufactured is calculated. The method for calculating the time elapsed since the building component was manufactured is as follows: For decay products that are insulating materials: ； For decay products that are conductors: ； in, T For the calculated duration, R1, R2 These are the measured values ​​from the first resistor module and the second resistor module, respectively. ρA The resistivity of material A before decay, used to fabricate the first resistor module. C Material A, used to fabricate the first resistor module, is doped with decayed material. B The resistivity calculation coefficient, x The decay rate of material A per unit period; x The calculation formula is as follows: ； In the formula, x The unit is % N The half-life of material A is given in years. nd The number of days in a unit cycle; The system for recording the usage time of building components using passive circuits includes: a first resistor module, a second resistor module, a first electrode, a second electrode, and a third electrode. The first electrode is connected to the first resistor module, the second resistor module is connected to the first resistor module through the second electrode, and the third electrode is connected to the second resistor module. The system is embedded into the building component through pre-casting. The first resistor module is a decay resistor, which is made of radioactive isotope material.

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