A method for operating a user equipment of a wireless communication network, a user equipment and a wireless communication system

Abstract

A user equipment (UE) for a wireless communication network is described. The wireless communication network includes a plurality of UEs. The UE communicates with one or more network entities of the wireless communication network, such as a base station or another UE. In response to a trigger for transmission, the UE acquires resources for the transmission. The UE receives one or more reports or assistance information messages (AIMs) from one or more other UEs, the reports or the AIMs including assistance information related to resource allocation. The UE decides how to use the received reports or the AIMs to acquire the resources for the transmission according to a type of the assistance information related to resource allocation included in the received reports or the AIMs and / or according to a certain criterion.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of wireless communication systems or networks, and more particularly, to the transmission of auxiliary information to a user equipment (UE) in a wireless communication network. Embodiments of the invention relate to the procedures followed by the UE and its recipients when receiving one or more AIMs, depending on the type of AIM message. Background Technology

[0002] Figures 1(a) and (b) are schematic diagrams of an example of a terrestrial wireless network 100. As shown in Figure 1(a), it includes a core network 102 and one or more radio access networks RAN1, RAN2, ... RAN N Figure 1(b) shows the Radio Access Network (RAN). n A schematic diagram of an example of the radio access network (RAN). n One or more base stations, gNB1 to gNB5, may be provided, each serving a specific area around the base station, schematically represented by corresponding cells 1061 to 1065. Base stations are provided to serve users within the cell. One or more base stations may provide services to users in licensed and / or unlicensed frequency bands. The term base station, BS, refers to gNB in ​​5G networks, eNB in ​​UMTS / LTE / LTE-A / LTE-A Pro, or BS in other mobile communication standards. Users may be fixed or mobile devices. The wireless communication system may also be accessed by mobile or fixed IoT devices connected to the base station or users. Mobile devices or IoT devices may include physical devices, ground-based vehicles such as robots or automobiles, aircraft such as manned or unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) (the latter also referred to as unmanned aerial vehicles), buildings, and other items or devices having embedded electronics, software, sensors, actuators, etc., and network connectivity enabling these devices to collect and exchange data over existing network infrastructure. Figure 1(b) shows an exemplary view of five cells; however, RAN n It can include more or fewer such cells, and RAN nAlternatively, only one base station may be included. Figure 1(b) shows two users, UE1 and UE2, also known as user equipment UEs, in cell 1062 and served by base station gNB2. Another user, UE3, is shown in cell 1064 served by base station gNB4. Arrows 1081, 1082, and 1083 schematically represent uplink / downlink connections for transmitting data from users UE1, UE2, and UE3 to base stations gNB2 and gNB4, or for transmitting data from base stations gNB2 and gNB4 to users UE1, UE2, and UE3. This can be implemented on licensed or unlicensed frequency bands. Furthermore, Figure 1(b) shows two IoT devices, 1101 and 1102, in cell 1064, which can be fixed or mobile devices. IoT device 1101 accesses the wireless communication system via base station gNB4 to receive and transmit data, as schematically indicated by arrow 1121. IoT device 1102 accesses the wireless communication system via user UE3, as schematically indicated by arrow 1122. The corresponding base stations gNB1 to gNB5 can be connected to the core network 102, for example via the S1 interface, via the corresponding backhaul links 1141 to 1145, schematically indicated by arrows pointing to "core" in Figure 1(b). The core network 102 can be connected to one or more external networks. External networks can be the Internet, or private networks, such as internal networks or any other type of campus network, such as private WiFi or 4G or 5G mobile communication systems. Furthermore, some or all of the corresponding base stations gNB1 to gNB5 can be connected to each other, for example via the S1 or X2 interface or the XN interface in the NR, via the corresponding backhaul links 1161 to 1165, schematically indicated by arrows pointing to "gNB" in Figure 1(b). The direct link channel allows direct communication between UEs, also known as device-to-device (D2D) communication. The direct link interface in 3GPP is named PC5.

[0003] For data transmission, a physical resource grid can be used. A physical resource grid can include a set of resource elements mapped to various physical channels and physical signals. For example, physical channels can include physical downlink, uplink, and direct link shared channels PDSCH, PUSCH, and PSSCH carrying user-specific data (also known as downlink, uplink, and direct link payload data); physical broadcast channels PBCH carrying, for example, Master Information Block (MIB) and System Information Block (SIB), one or more direct link information blocks (SLIBs, if supported); physical downlink, uplink, and direct link control channels PDCCH, PUCCH, and PSSCH carrying, for example, downlink control information (DCI), uplink control information (UCI), and direct link control information (SCI); and physical direct link feedback channels PSFCH carrying PC5 feedback responses. Note that the direct link interface can support two levels of SCI. This refers to a first control region containing certain portions of the SCI, and an optional second control region containing a second portion of control information.

[0004] For the uplink, the physical channel may also include the Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH) or RACH, which the UE uses to access the network when it synchronizes and obtains the MIB and SIB. Physical signals may include reference signals or symbols (RS), synchronization signals, etc. The resource grid may include frames or radio frames that have a certain duration in the time domain and a given bandwidth in the frequency domain. Frames may have a certain number of subframes of predefined length. For example, in 5G, a subframe has a duration of 1 ms, as in LTE. A subframe includes one or more time slots, depending on the subcarrier spacing. For example, at a subcarrier spacing of 15 kHz, a subframe includes one time slot; at a subcarrier spacing of 30 kHz, a subframe includes two time slots; and at a subcarrier spacing of 60 kHz, a subframe includes four time slots, and so on. Each time slot may, in turn, include 12 or 14 OFDM symbols depending on the cyclic prefix (CP) length.

[0005] The wireless communication system can be any single-tone or multi-carrier system using frequency division multiplexing, such as orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems, orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) systems, or any other IFFT-based signal with or without CP, such as DFT-s-OFDM. Other waveforms can be used, such as non-orthogonal waveforms for multiple access, such as filter bank multicarrier (FBMC), generalized frequency division multiplexing (GFDM), or universal filtered multicarrier (UFMC). The wireless communication system can operate, for example, according to the LTE-Advanced pro standard, or 5G, or NR (New Radio) standard, or NR-U (New Radio-Unlicensed) standard, or IEEE 802.11 standard.

[0006] The wireless networks or communication systems depicted in Figures 1(a) and (b) can be heterogeneous networks with different overlapping networks, such as macrocell networks, where each macrocell includes a network of macro base stations such as gNB1 to gNB5 and small cell base stations such as femtocells or picocells (not shown in Figures 1(a) and (b)). In addition to the terrestrial wireless networks described above, there are also non-terrestrial wireless communication networks (NTNs), including satellite transceivers and / or airborne transceivers such as unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) systems. Non-terrestrial wireless communication networks or systems can operate in a manner similar to the terrestrial systems described above with reference to Figures 1(a) and (b), for example, according to the LTE-Advanced Pro standard, or the 5G or NR (New Radio) standard, or the IEEE 802.11 standard.

[0007] In mobile communication networks, such as those described above with reference to Figures 1(a) and (b), such as LTE or 5G / NR networks, there may be UEs that communicate directly with each other via one or more direct link SL channels, for example, using PC5 / PC3 interfaces or WiFi Direct. UEs that communicate directly with each other via direct links may include vehicles communicating directly with other vehicles (V2V communication), vehicles communicating with other entities in the wireless communication network (V2X communication), and other entities such as roadside units (RSUs), roadside entities such as traffic lights, traffic signs, or pedestrians. An RSU may function as a BS or UE, depending on the specific network configuration. Other UEs may not be vehicle-related UEs and may include any of the aforementioned devices. Such devices may also communicate directly with each other using SL channels, i.e., D2D communication.

[0008] When considering two UEs communicating directly via a direct link, both UEs can be served by the same base station, allowing the base station to provide direct link resource allocation configuration or assistance to the UEs. For example, the two UEs can be located within the coverage area of ​​one of the base stations shown in Figure 1(b). This is referred to as the "in-coverage" scenario. Another scenario is referred to as the "out-of-coverage" scenario. It is important to note that "out-of-coverage" does not mean that the two UEs are not within the same cell depicted in Figure 1(b), but rather that these UEs...

[0009] ● It may not be connected to a base station, for example, they are not in an RRC connected state, causing the UE not to receive any direct link resource allocation configuration or assistance from the base station, and / or

[0010] ● It can connect to the base station, but for one or more reasons, the base station may not provide the UE with direct link resource allocation configuration or assistance, and / or

[0011] ● It may connect to base stations that may not support certain services, such as NRV2X services, for example, GSM, UMTS, LTE base stations.

[0012] When considering two UEs communicating directly with each other via a direct link, for example using a PC5 / PC3 interface, one UE may also be connected to a BS and may relay information from the BS to the other UE via the direct link interface, and vice versa. Relays can occur within the same frequency band (in-band re-relay) or in a different frequency band (out-of-band relay). In the first case, different time slots can be used to decouple communication between the UE and the direct link, as in a Time Division Duplex (TDD) system.

[0013] Figure 2(a) is a schematic diagram of an in-coverage scenario where two UEs communicating directly with each other are both connected to the base station. The coverage area of ​​the base station gNB is schematically represented by a circle 150, which substantially corresponds to the cell schematically represented in Figure 1(b). The UEs communicating directly with each other include a first vehicle 152 and a second vehicle 154 located within the coverage area 150 of the base station gNB. Both vehicles 152 and 154 are connected to the base station gNB, and furthermore, they are directly interconnected via the PC5 interface. The gNB assists in the scheduling of V2V traffic and / or interference management via control signaling on the Uu interface (i.e., the radio interface between the base station and the UE). That is, the gNB provides SL resource allocation configuration or assistance to the UEs, and the gNB allocates resources to be used for V2V communication via the direct link. This configuration is also referred to as Mode 1 configuration in NR V2X and Mode 3 configuration in LTE V2X.

[0014] Figure 2(b) is a schematic diagram of an out-of-coverage scenario, where UEs communicating directly with each other are either not connected to the base station, although they may be physically located within the cell of the wireless communication network, or some or all of the UEs communicating directly with each other are connected to the base station, but the base station does not provide SL resource allocation configuration or assistance. The figure shows three vehicles 156, 158, and 160 communicating directly with each other via a direct link, for example, using a PC5 interface. V2V traffic scheduling and / or interference management are based on algorithms implemented between the vehicles. This configuration is also called Mode 2 configuration in NR V2X and Mode 4 configuration in LTE V2X. As mentioned above, the out-of-coverage scenario in Figure 2(b) does not necessarily mean that the corresponding Mode 2 UE in NR or Mode 4 UE in LTE is outside the coverage of the base station, but rather that the corresponding Mode 2 UE in NR or Mode 4 UE in LTE is not served by the base station, is not connected to the base station in the coverage area, or is connected to the base station but does not receive SL resource allocation configuration or assistance from the base station. Therefore, it is possible that within coverage area 150 shown in Figure 2(a), in addition to NR mode 1 or LTE mode 3 UEs 152 and 154, there are also NR mode 2 or LTE mode 4 UEs 156, 158, and 160. Furthermore, Figure 2(b) schematically illustrates an out-of-coverage UE using relay and network communication. For example, UE 160 can communicate with UE 1 via a direct link, and UE 1 can connect to the gNB via the Uu interface. Therefore, UE 1 can relay information between the gNB and UE 160.

[0015] Although Figures 2(a) and 2(b) illustrate vehicular UEs, it is worth noting that the described in-coverage and out-of-coverage scenarios also apply to non-vehicle UEs. In other words, any UE that communicates directly with another UE using the SL channel, such as a handheld device, can be in-coverage or out-of-coverage.

[0016] It should be noted that the information in the above sections is only used to enhance the understanding of the background of the present invention, and therefore may include information that is already known to those skilled in the art and does not constitute prior art.

[0017] Based on the above, it may be necessary to improve or enhance the user equipment's processing of auxiliary information. Summary of the Invention

[0018] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a user equipment (UE) for a wireless communication network.

[0019] Secondly, the present invention provides a wireless communication system.

[0020] Thirdly, the present invention provides a method for operating a user equipment (UE) in a wireless communication network.

[0021] Fourthly, the present invention provides a non-transitory computer program product. Attached Figure Description

[0022] Embodiments of the present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings:

[0023] Figures 1(a) and (b) are schematic diagrams of examples of terrestrial wireless networks, wherein Figure 1(a) shows a core network and one or more radio access networks, and Figure 1(b) is a schematic diagram of an example of a radio access network (RAN).

[0024] Figures 2(a) and (b) are schematic diagrams of in-coverage and out-of-coverage scenarios, where Figure 2(a) is a schematic diagram of an in-coverage scenario where two UEs that communicate directly with each other are connected to the base station, and Figure 2(b) is a schematic diagram of an out-of-coverage scenario where two UEs communicate directly with each other.

[0025] Figure 3 The sensing process performed by the UE autonomously selecting resources for transmission is illustrated.

[0026] Figure 4 This is an illustrative representation of a wireless communication system, including transmitters such as base stations and one or more receivers such as user equipment (UE) for implementing embodiments of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 5 A user equipment (UE) is schematically illustrated according to an embodiment of the present invention; and

[0028] Figure 6 An example of a computer system is shown on which the units or modules described in the method according to the invention and the steps of the method are executed. Detailed Implementation

[0029] Embodiments of the invention will now be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar elements have the same designated reference numerals.

[0030] In wireless communication systems or networks, as described above with reference to Figures 1(a) and (b) or 2(a) and (b), so-called auxiliary information can be provided to improve communication between entities within the wireless communication network. For example, when considering transmission over a direct link between user equipment (UE) units in a wireless communication network, improvements in the reliability and latency of transmissions (e.g., those occurring in vehicular communications or public safety and commercial use cases) can be achieved by providing UE-to-UE coordination. UE-to-UE coordination can be provided by a first UE to a second UE, for example, in the form of a set of resources determined by the first UE that are available or unavailable to the second UE. Such a report, also known as an auxiliary information message, can be sent to the second UE, which in turn can use the report to determine which transmission resources the second UE will use for transmission. The report or auxiliary information can be included in one or more auxiliary information messages (AIMs), which can be transmitted using, for example, a second-level SCI carrying all AIMs or pointing to resources in a PSSCH carrying AIMs.

[0031] AIM may also include other information to support UE operations via direct links. For example, for operations via SL, in addition to or in lieu of resource allocation information, the UE may obtain one or more of the following: link-related auxiliary information, distance-related auxiliary information, geographic area-related auxiliary information, group-related auxiliary information, and relay-related auxiliary information.

[0032] For example, regarding link quality information, AIM can provide the UE with one or more of the following:

[0033] ● Includes reports on the quality of links between two or more SLUEs, such as channel quality information or channel state information (CSI) or information about interference, or

[0034] ● Beamforming information, such as the Detection Reference Signal (SRS) or SRS Resource Indicator (SRI).

[0035] ● One or more transmit power thresholds, for example, limiting the transmit power of a UE to reduce interference to links between other UEs, or increasing transmit power to increase coverage between current UEs if there are only a few UEs in the scenario and the current interference is below a certain threshold.

[0036] For example, regarding distance-related auxiliary information, AIM can provide the UE with one or more of the following:

[0037] ● The minimum communication range required for communication between two or more SL UEs, for example, to determine whether an SL UE sends a Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request (HARQ) feedback, or

[0038] ● The physical distance between two or more SLUEs, for example, to determine the transmission power to be used.

[0039] ● A zone ID or a list of zone IDs, which is related to the geographic location of another UE and / or other UEs, for example, to optimize transmission power or feedback procedures, such as HARQ, or to select the link used for communication.

[0040] For example, regarding auxiliary information related to a geographic area, AIM can provide the UE with one or more of the following:

[0041] ●Geographic information, such as GPS coordinates, or

[0042] ● Path tracking information, such as informing other UEs about the UE's direction and speed, or

[0043] ● Route information, for example, notifying other UEs that a UE may leave the queue.

[0044] ● A zone ID or a list of zone IDs, which is related to the geographic location of another UE and / or other UEs, for example, to optimize transmission power or feedback procedures, such as HARQ, or to select the link used for communication.

[0045] For example, regarding group-related auxiliary information, AIM can provide the UE with one or more of the following:

[0046] ● The group's identifier, such as the group ID, or

[0047] ● The group leader's identifier, such as the group leader ID, or

[0048] ● Identifiers of one or more group members, such as group member IDs, or

[0049] ● Configuration information, such as resource pool information, indicating resources used for intra-group communication, or

[0050] ● Transmit relevant information, such as transmission parameters used for group communication, such as modulation and coding scheme (MCS), transmit power, timing advance (TA), and HARQ operation.

[0051] ● A list of group members, or

[0052] ●Trajectory information of group members, for example, to determine the likelihood of a UE leaving the group, or

[0053] ● Distance between member UEs or other distance-related information, such as vectors with region IDs, for example, to determine whether to send HARQ feedback, or

[0054] ●Resources used for transmission in the resource pool, or

[0055] ●Information regarding adding or removing one or more member UEs from a group.

[0056] For example, regarding relay-related auxiliary information, AIM can provide the UE with one or more of the following:

[0057] ●One or more relay UEs, or

[0058] ● The capability of one or more relay UEs, or

[0059] ●Transmission mode of one or more relay UEs, or

[0060] ●Identifiers of one or more relay UEs, such as relay UE ID, or

[0061] ●Selected relay UE, or

[0062] ●One or more candidate relay UEs, or

[0063] ● The ability to set up one or more candidate relay UEs, or

[0064] ●Transmission mode of one or more candidate relay UEs, or

[0065] ● Distance and / or path information for one or more candidate relay UEs.

[0066] Reports or auxiliary information are also described, for example, in European patent application EP20164706.2, filed March 20, 2020, entitled “NR sidelink assistance information messages,” the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference; in European patent application EP20197035.7, filed September 18, 2020, entitled “Timing aspects for NR SL assistance information messages,” the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference; and in European patent application EP20199880.4, filed October 2, 2020, entitled “NR sidelink multi-control / data multiplexing,” the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. For example, European patent application 20197035.7, filed September 18, 2020, entitled “Timing aspects for NR SL assistance information messages,” describes timing aspects of AIM transmission, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.

[0067] The aforementioned inter-UE coordination includes auxiliary information provided by a first UE, such as UE-A, to a second UE, UE-B, enabling UE-B to select resources to perform a transmission from UE-B to another UE, which is either UE-A that provided the auxiliary information or any other UE near UE-B. For example, in NR V2X, it is expected that Mode 2 UEs autonomously allocate resources, meaning that such UEs do not receive any auxiliary information in the form of dynamic or configured authorization from the gNB, nor from any other source. Such UEs perform sensing to determine available resources that can be used for their own transmissions. The sensing process for determining the resources to be used for transmissions can be supported by inter-UE coordination, for example, by providing auxiliary information. The sensing process and how auxiliary information can support this sensing process will now be described.

[0068] Figure 3 The sensing process for autonomous resource selection, which can be performed by the UE, is shown. Figure 3 A sensing window 200 with a start 200a and an end 200b is shown, as well as a selection window 204 with a start 204a and an end 204b. Multiple time slots 206 are shown, and it can be seen that the sensing window 200 and the selection window 204 span a certain number of time slots 206. Figure 3 The diagram further illustrates time slot n at 208, which is the time slot that triggers the transmission to be performed by the UE. Note that the UE does not necessarily have to perform sensing for the entire sensing window, but can be configured to perform partial sensing only using sub-intervals within the sensing window, periodically or non-periodically. This may be because the UE must perform energy-saving operations and may depend on a subset of the sensing results.

[0069] For example, the trigger could be that the UE determines that the buffer contains data or packets to be transmitted, and in response to this determination or trigger, at time slot n, the UE selects a resource for transmitting the data or packets in the transmit buffer. The selection is based on resource information obtained during sensing window 200. According to other examples, data transmission at time slot n can be triggered by the following events:

[0070] ● From the perspective of the Media Access Control (MAC) layer, when a Protocol Data Unit (PDU) is generated by the MAC layer and can be used by the Physical Layer (PHY),

[0071] ● From the application layer perspective, this occurs when events (ranging from the availability of sensor information to be shared to unexpected events such as accidents) generate data that needs to be transmitted.

[0072] The sensing process refers to the Mode 2 UE considering, for example, Level 1 SCI received from other UEs to identify resources that these other UEs have reserved in the recent past. The UE also measures the direct link SLRSRP within the time slot defining sensing window 200 to determine the interference level when the UE intends to use these resources for transmission. This allows the UE to identify which resources are available for transmission and which are not. When the UE intends to perform a transmission, for example in response to a triggering event at time slot n, a resource selection process is triggered, where the UE considers the sensing results from the past time period prior to triggering the transmission or resource selection. The aforementioned past time period is sensing window 200, which is the time period during which the UE considers the sensing results to determine possible resources for transmission. Figure 3 As shown, the sensing window 200, referencing the triggering transmission time slot n, begins at a past time 200a. The time period starting from time slot n of the sensing window 200 is time T0, which has a certain configured or pre-configured length, such as 1100ms or only 100ms. Figure 3 In the example, sensing window 200 ends 200b shortly before time slot n triggers the selection process or transmission. Figure 3 In this context, the time interval between the end of sensing window 200 and time slot n is indicated as T. proc,0 Based on other examples, the sensing window can end immediately at time slot n, making T proc,0 =0. Therefore, the duration of the sensing window can be defined as [n-T0, nT] proc,0 ].

[0073] T0 can be defined at a higher level, for example, by configuring the resource pool RP using the parameter sL-SensingWindow-r16. T0 can be between 100ms and 1100ms. proc,0 It can be defined as shown in the table below, depending on the subcarrier spacing used in the resource pool.

[0074]

[0075] The result produced by the sensing process is called the sensing result. The sensing result indicates whether certain resources are available and / or unavailable for transmission for a set of time and frequency resources. The indicated resources may be located within a specific resource pool, such as the direct link resource pool of a wireless communication system, and distributed over a specific period of time in the past, i.e., sensing window 200. The direct link resource pool may be a transmit resource pool, a receive resource pool, an exception resource pool, a resource pool for mode 1, or a resource pool for mode 2.

[0076] Based on the information obtained during the sensing process, the UE selects resources within selection window 204 for transmissions triggered in time slot n. For example... Figure 3As shown, selection window 204a begins shortly after a transmission or resource selection is triggered, for example, at a time period T1 after time slot n. In other examples, selection window 204 may begin immediately after time slot n, such that T1=0. The end of selection window 204b is time T2, determined by the packet delay budget (PDB) associated with the data or data packet that the UE will transmit. Selection window 204 is the time period during which the UE selects resources by considering sensing information, inferring available resources based on the sensing information to generate a candidate resource set, and randomly selecting resources from the candidate resource set for triggering the transmission.

[0077] The duration of selection window 204 can be defined by [n+T1, n+T2], where T1 and T2 can be defined according to the UE implementation. T1 can be: 0 <T1<T proc,1 T proc,1 The subcarrier spacing of the resource pool used to select resources for transmission can be defined as shown in the table below.

[0078]

[0079] T2 can be based on packet delay budget (PDB) and T2 min To define, T2 min This can be defined by higher layers, such as using resource pool (RP) configuration, through the parameter SL-SelectionWindow-r16. Depending on the priority of the data or packets the UE needs to transmit, it can take values ​​between 1, 5, 10, and 20 milliseconds. For example, when T2 < remaining PDB, the following condition holds:

[0080] ●If

[0081] ●Others

[0082] By defining a sensing and selection window, the UE can autonomously select resources as follows. All resources within the selection window 204 are initially considered as candidate resources that the UE can use for transmission. Therefore, the UE aggregates all resources within one or more sub-channels and one or more time slots to form a candidate resource set S. A And candidate resource set S A The size is based on the number of resources in the set, which is M. total The UE then continues to exclude certain resources from the candidate resource set until the final candidate resource set, denoted as S, is reached. B Final candidate resource set S B The number of resources in the set can be less than the original candidate resource set S. A The number of resources M total .

[0083] Under certain conditions, resources may be excluded. For example, when a UE sends another transmission in a given time slot, causing it to receive nothing due to half-duplex constraints, resources may be excluded from the initial candidate resource set S. A Resources from a given time slot are excluded. In the event of any received SCI indicating a resource reservation period, the UE selects from the initial candidate resource set S. A Any future resources indicated by the reserved time period are excluded. When the RSRP measurement of a resource is higher than a threshold such as the SL-RSRP threshold, the UE removes that resource from the initial candidate resource set S. A The exclusion threshold can be set using the priority value received in the SCI and the priority value associated with the triggered transmission. Resources indicated in the received SCI and extrapolated for future periodic transmissions can also be excluded.

[0084] If the final candidate resource set S B If the threshold is less than a certain percentage of the total available resources in the selection window, it is determined that there are insufficient resources for the UE to select the resource for the triggered transmission. In this case, the UE lowers the SL-RSRP threshold and repeats the selection process based on any of the above conditions. The aforementioned percentage can be represented by X, and the final candidate set size must not be less than X·M. total Once the final candidate resource set S is reached... B The UE determines this final candidate resource set S. B Send to a higher layer, which, for example, randomly selects from the final candidate resource set S based on a uniform distribution. B The UE selects the desired number of resources, which are then used by the UE to trigger a transmission. To support this process, auxiliary information messages (AIMs) can be provided to the UE performing the sensing process. The UE can receive one or more AIMs, some or all of which may contain information to assist the UE in its resource selection process. The AIMs may indicate available / unavailable resources for transmission, for example, in one or more of the following ways:

[0085] ●A list of all resources available in one or more time slots.

[0086] ●A list of all resources that are unavailable in one or more time slots.

[0087] ●By using a list of resources that are expected to conflict, for example, a list of reserved resources that another UE is also expected to send.

[0088] ●Using one or more randomly selected resources available in one or more time slots

[0089] ● List of resources that are unavailable / reserved within a priority range.

[0090] Resources include

[0091] ● A set of time slots spanning time and a set of sub-channels spanning frequency, or

[0092] ● One or more resource blocks (RBs) that span time slots in time and subchannels in frequency.

[0093] For example, AIM indicates resources across time in any of the following ways:

[0094] ● A bitmap spanning time indicates resources, such as OFDM symbols, time slots, subframes, or frames, which define a set of resources spanning a portion or the entire length of a BWP.

[0095] ●By specifying the starting resource, such as a time slot or subframe, and the duration of the resource set.

[0096] ●Use explicit resource numbering, such as slot or subframe numbering.

[0097] ● By removing explicitly mentioned resources or those belonging to another group of resources or RP.

[0098] ●Based on the initial resources, and subsequent periodic offsets,

[0099] ●By using symbols, time slots, subframes, or frame patterns,

[0100] ●The TRIV defined in TS38.214 using the formula for defining time resource index values ​​is as follows:

[0101] if N = 1

[0102] TRIV = 0

[0103] elseif N = 2

[0104] TRIV = t1

[0105] else

[0106] if (t2 - t1 - 1) ≤ 15

[0107] TRIV = 30 (t2 - t1 - 1) + t1 + 31

[0108] else

[0109] TRIV = 30 (31 - t2 + t1) + 62 - t1

[0110] end if

[0111] end if

[0112] in,

[0113] N indicates the number of time slots indicated by AIM, where

[0114] 0 indicates the time slot for receiving AIM.

[0115] 1 indicates the time slot for receiving AIM, plus one more future time slot relative to the time slot for receiving AIM.

[0116] 2 represents the time slot for receiving AIM, and two additional future time slots relative to the time slot for receiving AIM.

[0117] t1 indicates the first future resource time slot relative to the time slot for receiving AIM, and

[0118] t2 indicates the second future resource time slot relative to the time slot for receiving AIM.

[0119] AIM can indicate cross-frequency resources in any of the following ways:

[0120] ● A bitmap indicates resources, such as resource blocks, that span a BWP.

[0121] ●By starting with resources, such as resource blocks, and the number of resources in the resource set.

[0122] ● By using multiple starting resources, such as resource blocks, and ending resources, if the resource set is not discontinuous in frequency,

[0123] ●Through explicit resource indexes, such as resource block indexes,

[0124] ● By removing resources that are explicitly mentioned or belong to another group of resources or RP,

[0125] ●Based on the initial resources, and subsequent periodic offsets,

[0126] ●Through resource block or sub-channel mode,

[0127] ●The formula used to define the Frequency Resource Index (FRIV) value is defined in TS38.214 as follows:

[0128] .

[0129] AIM can indicate resources across time and frequency using any of the following methods:

[0130] ●The matrix indicates resources across time, such as symbols, time slots or subframes or frames, and resources across frequency, such as resource blocks or subchannels.

[0131] ● By mode, the mode indicates resources across time, such as symbols, time slots or subframes or frames, and resources across frequency, such as resource blocks or subchannels.

[0132] Patterns can be signaled using bitmaps or bit vectors.

[0133] The UE can interpret the resources contained in the AIM as one of three different types of resources:

[0134] ●Sensing Results

[0135] The sensing results include power levels of multiple resources within the sensing window of the UE transmitting AIM and / or measured power levels associated with the corresponding resources, such as measured reference signal received power (RSRP), measured received signal strength index (RSSI), measured reference signal received quality (RSRQ), measured signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), or measured signal-to-interference-to-noise ratio (SINR).

[0136] ●Candidate Resource Set

[0137] The candidate resource set includes the available / preferred or unavailable / non-preferred resource set within the selection window of the UE sending AIM.

[0138] ●Specific Resources

[0139] One or more specific resources include one or more resources that the UE intends to use for transmission. One or more resources can be selected from a candidate resource set obtained by the UE sending the AIM. The candidate resource set obtained by the UE sending the AIM may include resources reserved but not used by the UE providing the AIM. This may occur, for example, when another UE providing the AIM has reserved resources for retransmission, such as within a 32-slot window, remaining unused due to early ACKs, or during periodic transmissions when packets do not arrive in time or transmission is paused.

[0140] This invention provides improvements and enhancements to the use of the aforementioned AIM, which includes resource information at the UE receiving the AIM. More specifically, according to the invention, a UE receiving one or more AIMs including auxiliary information related to resource allocation can determine how to use the received AIM to acquire resources for its transmission based on the type of auxiliary information related to resource allocation contained in the received AIM and / or according to a certain criterion. In other words, the actions taken by the UE receiving the AIM can be determined based on the content of the AIM. As mentioned above, the AIM may include sensing results and a resource set. The resource set may indicate available or preferred resources to be used by the UE, or indicate unavailable or non-preferred resources to be avoided by the UE. The resource set may indicate a candidate set of resources to be used by the UE in the aforementioned sensing process, or it may include a specific set of resources to be used by the UE for its own triggered transmissions. In addition to the content of the AIM, the UE may also consider other criteria to determine whether to use the received AIM. Furthermore, according to embodiments, the method of the invention also addresses the situation where the UE receives two or more AIMs, and the problem of which AIM to consider and which to ignore, or whether to consider all AIMs or not consider any one AIM.

[0141] Embodiments of the present invention can be implemented in the wireless communication system shown in Figures 1(a) and (b), including a base station and a user, such as a mobile terminal or an IoT device. Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of a wireless communication system, which includes a transmitter 300, such as a base station, and one or more receivers 302, 304, such as user equipment (UE). The transmitter 300 and receivers 302, 304 can communicate via one or more wireless communication links or channels 306a, 306b, 308, such as radio links. The transmitter 300 may include one or more antennas (ANT). T Alternatively, an antenna array with multiple antenna elements, a signal processor 300a, and a transceiver 300b may be coupled to each other. Receivers 302 and 304 include one or more antennas (ANTs). UE Alternatively, an antenna array with multiple antennas, signal processors 302a, 304a, and transceivers 302b, 304b may be coupled to each other. Base station 300 and UEs 302, 304 can communicate via corresponding first wireless communication links 306a and 306b, such as radio links, using the Uu interface, while UEs 302, 304 can communicate via a second wireless communication link 308, such as a radio link, using the PC5 / direct link SL interface. When UEs are not served by the base station or are not connected to the base station—for example, when they are not in an RRC connection state—or, more generally, when the base station does not provide SL resource allocation configuration or assistance, UEs can communicate with each other via the direct link SL. Figure 4 The system or network, Figure 4 One or more UEs 302, 304, and Figure 4 The base station 300 can be operated according to the teachings of the present invention as described herein.

[0142] User equipment receiving AIM

[0143] This invention provides a user equipment (UE) for a wireless communication network, the wireless communication network including multiple UEs.

[0144] In this context, the UE communicates with one or more network entities of the wireless communication network, such as a base station or another UE.

[0145] In response to a trigger for transmission, the UE acquires the resources required for transmission.

[0146] The UE receives one or more Report or Auxiliary Information Messages (AIMs) from one or more other UEs. The report or AIM includes auxiliary information related to resource allocation.

[0147] The UE determines how to use the received report or AIM to obtain resources for transmission based on the type of auxiliary information related to resource allocation contained in the received report or AIM and / or according to specific standards.

[0148] According to an embodiment, the types of auxiliary information related to resource allocation include one or more of the following:

[0149] ●Sensing results, which include multiple resources within the sensing window of other UEs and the measured power levels associated with the corresponding resources, such as the measured reference signal received power RSRP;

[0150] ● Candidate resource set, which includes available / preferred or unavailable / non-preferred resource sets in the selection window of other UEs;

[0151] ● One or more specific resources, which include one or more resources to be used by the UE for transmission, wherein

[0152] ○ Select one or more resources from the candidate resource set obtained from other UEs, and / or

[0153] One or more resources are reserved by other UEs but remain unused.

[0154] Sensing results

[0155] According to an embodiment, when the type of auxiliary information related to resource allocation includes sensing results valid for transmission, the UE considers part or all of the received sensing results to obtain resources for transmission.

[0156] According to an embodiment, the sensing result is valid for transmission when one or more of the following apply:

[0157] ● The sensing results are within the UE's sensing window and are no earlier than a certain timestamp. For example, the timestamp is compared with the time the UE receives the AIM.

[0158] ● The start or end of the sensing window used by other UEs to generate sensing results is no earlier than the configured or pre-configured time instance.

[0159] ●The sensing results are obtained within a certain distance from the UE or in a certain geographical location or area.

[0160] ● The source of the sensing results is a specific network entity, such as another UE with a specific ID, GL-UE, RSU,

[0161] ● The sensing result was confirmed by another sensing result.

[0162] According to an embodiment, the received sensing results include one or more of the following:

[0163] ● The power level of resources measured by other UEs during sensing, such as the Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP) value, or

[0164] ● An indication of whether a resource is occupied or unoccupied, obtained by other UEs during sensing, for example, based on a comparison between thresholds such as RSRP thresholds and power levels such as RSRP values ​​measured by other UEs in a given resource, or

[0165] ● A list of unused resources, such as resources whose power levels, as measured by other UEs, are below a threshold, such as an RSRP value.

[0166] ● A list of occupied resources, such as resources whose power levels measured by other UEs, such as RSRP values, are higher than a threshold, such as an RSRP threshold.

[0167] According to the embodiment, the UE only considers some of the received sensing results used to acquire resources for transmission, such as...

[0168] ● A predefined number of resources with a minimum measurable power level, or

[0169] ●The first m or initial m resources indicated in the AIM, where m is an integer, or

[0170] ● A resource indicated by a UE, for example, based on the UE's ID, capability, or type.

[0171] According to an embodiment, the UE obtains its own sensing results during the sensing window prior to triggering, and when one or more of its own sensing results relate to a resource indicated in the received sensing results, the UE performs one of the following actions:

[0172] ● Ignore the received sensing results and only consider your own sensing results.

[0173] ● Ignore your own sensing results and only consider the received sensing results.

[0174] ● Combine your own sensing results with the received sensing results, for example, by:

[0175] ○ Take the average, minimum, or maximum power level measured on resources for the UE and other UEs.

[0176] ○ The received sensing results are weighted by probability, making them less or more relevant than their own sensing results.

[0177] According to an embodiment, if the UE does not have its own sensing results during the sensing window prior to triggering, the UE considers all received sensing results to obtain resources for transmission.

[0178] According to an embodiment, the UE will provide the received AIM from the MAC layer to the PHY layer to compare the sensing results measured by the UE on the PHY layer with the sensing results in the AIM.

[0179] Preferred resource sets, such as candidate resource sets or specific resources

[0180] According to an embodiment, when the type of auxiliary information related to resource allocation includes an available or preferred resource set within the selection window of another UE, the UE uses some or all of the resources in the received available or preferred resource set.

[0181] According to an embodiment,

[0182] ● In response to a trigger, the UE performs a resource selection process to obtain its own set of candidate resources for transmission, and

[0183] ● When the available resource set or preferred resource set includes a candidate resource set, the UE adds some or all of the resources indicated in the received candidate resource set and within the UE's selection window to its own candidate resource set.

[0184] According to an embodiment, the UE forms a combined candidate resource set for resource selection to be used for transmission. The combined candidate resource set is obtained by selectively combining resources from its own candidate resource set and resources from the received candidate resource set.

[0185] According to an embodiment, the UE combines resources from its own candidate resource set and resources from the received candidate resource set as follows:

[0186] ● If the resource is indicated in both its own and the received candidate resource sets, the UE will include the resource in the combined candidate resource set, and

[0187] ● If a resource is indicated only in its own set and in one of the received candidate resource sets, the UE will not include the resource in the combined candidate resource set.

[0188] According to an embodiment, the UE combines resources from its own candidate resource set and resources from the received candidate resource set as follows:

[0189] ● If the resource is indicated in both its own and the received candidate resource sets, the UE will include the resource in the combined candidate resource set.

[0190] ● If a resource is indicated in its own candidate resource set but not in the received candidate resource set, the UE will not include the resource in the combined candidate resource set.

[0191] ● If a resource is indicated in the received candidate resource set but not in its own candidate resource set, the UE will include the resource in the combined candidate resource set.

[0192] According to an embodiment, the UE combines resources from its own candidate resource set and resources from the received candidate resource set as follows:

[0193] ● If the resource is indicated in both its own and the received candidate resource sets, the UE will include the resource in the combined candidate resource set.

[0194] ● If a resource is indicated in its own candidate resource set but not in the received candidate resource set, the UE will include the resource in the combined candidate resource set, and

[0195] ● If a resource is indicated in the received candidate resource set but not in its own candidate resource set, the UE will not include the resource in the combined candidate resource set.

[0196] According to an embodiment, if a resource is indicated in the received candidate resource set but not in its own candidate resource set, the UE will include the resource in the combined candidate resource set when the distance between the UE and other UEs is below a threshold, or when the timing associated with the received candidate resource set is below a threshold.

[0197] According to an embodiment, when the number of resources in the combined candidate resource set is lower than a predefined threshold, the UE

[0198] ● Use new, higher power level thresholds, such as higher RSRP values, to generate a new set of candidate resources.

[0199] ●A new combined candidate resource set is obtained by combining resources from the new candidate resource set of itself and the received candidate resource set.

[0200] According to an embodiment, the UE combines resources from its own candidate resource set and resources from the received candidate resource set by including resources common to itself and the received candidate resource set into the combined candidate resource set.

[0201] According to an embodiment, when the number of public resources is lower than a predefined threshold, the UE considers other resources from its own candidate resource set or from the received candidate resource set.

[0202] According to an embodiment, when the distance between the UE and other UEs or the timing associated with the received candidate resource set is below a threshold, the UE considers other resources from the received candidate resource set.

[0203] According to an embodiment, if the UE does not perform a resource selection process, or if the UE only performs partial sensing and / or there are no sensing results related to the selection window, then in response to a trigger, and when the available or preferred resource set includes a candidate resource set, the UE provides the received candidate resource set for selecting resources for transmission.

[0204] According to an embodiment, when the available resource set or preferred resource set includes a specific resource set, regardless of whether the UE performs a resource selection process to obtain its own candidate resource set for transmission, the UE uses the received specific resource set to select resources for transmission. The specific resource set includes one or more resources selected from the candidate resource set obtained by other UEs and to be used by the UE for transmission.

[0205] Non-preferred resource sets, such as candidate resource sets or specific resources

[0206] According to an embodiment, when the type of auxiliary information related to resource allocation includes an unavailable or non-preferred resource set within the selection window of another UE, the UE does not use the resources in the received unavailable or non-preferred resource set.

[0207] According to an embodiment,

[0208] ● In response to a trigger, the UE performs a resource selection process to obtain its own set of candidate resources for transmission, and

[0209] ● When the unavailable or non-preferred resource set includes the candidate resource set, the UE excludes some or all of the resources also indicated in the received candidate resource set from its own candidate resource set.

[0210] According to the embodiment, the UE excludes a specific number of resources from the received candidate resource set, such as m resources, for example, m worst resources or any random m resources, or any consecutive set of m resources, where m is an integer.

[0211] According to an embodiment, if the number of resources in one's own candidate resource set is lower than a predefined threshold after excluding resources also indicated in the received candidate resource set, then the UE...

[0212] ● Use new, higher power level thresholds, such as higher RSRP values, to generate new candidate resources of your own, and

[0213] ●Exclude any resources that are also indicated in the received candidate resource set from the new candidate resource set.

[0214] According to an embodiment,

[0215] ● In response to the trigger, the UE performs a resource selection process to obtain a set of candidate resources for transmission.

[0216] ● When the unavailable or non-preferred resource set includes a specific resource set, the UE excludes the received specific resource set from the candidate resource set. The specific resource set includes one or more resources selected from the candidate resource set obtained by other UEs and will not be used by the UE for transmission.

[0217] According to an embodiment, if the number of resources after excluding a specific set of received resources is lower than a predefined threshold, then the UE...

[0218] (a) A request, for example, from one or more previously received AIMs, such as a previous candidate resource set, to randomly select additional resources for transmission and add the selected resources to the candidate resource set, thereby obtaining a new candidate resource set.

[0219] (b) Exclude a specific resource set from the new candidate resource set.

[0220] (c) Repeat steps (a) and (b) until the new set of candidate resources does not include any particular resource.

[0221] According to an embodiment,

[0222] ● In response to the trigger, the UE performs a resource selection process to obtain the final set of resources for transmission;

[0223] ●After obtaining the final resource set, the UE will receive the unavailable or non-preferred resource set AIM, and

[0224] ●The UE excludes specific resource sets received from the final resource set.

[0225] According to the embodiment, if the number of resources in the final resource set is lower than a predefined threshold after excluding a specific resource set received, the UE:

[0226] (a) Repeat the resource selection process to obtain a new final resource set.

[0227] (b) Exclude the received specific resource set from the new final resource set.

[0228] (c) Repeat steps (a) and (b) until the new set of candidate resources does not include any particular resource.

[0229] According to the embodiment, the UE retains the received AIM at the MAC layer and processes the received AIM at the MAC layer.

[0230] According to an embodiment, the selection weight for each resource within AIM is considered based on one or more of the following:

[0231] ●The origin of AIM;

[0232] ●AIM receiving power;

[0233] ●The location and / or distance and / or speed of other UEs transmitting AIM;

[0234] ●AIM timestamp or age.

[0235] According to an embodiment, the selection weights of certain resources are modified when AIM is considered by one or more of the following:

[0236] ● If the resource is not in the set, reduce the probability of selection.

[0237] ●If the resource is in the set, increase the probability of selection.

[0238] ●If the resource is in the set, reduce the probability of selection.

[0239] ●If the resource is not in the set, increase the probability of selection.

[0240] ● If the resource is in a non-preferred set, reduce the probability of selection.

[0241] According to the embodiment, resources received from AIM are considered only when one or more of the following weights are selected:

[0242] ● The threshold is higher than the configured or pre-configured threshold.

[0243] ●A portion of the first m probabilities.

[0244] Other standards

[0245] According to an embodiment, a particular standard includes one or more of the following:

[0246] ●The intended receiver for the triggered transmission,

[0247] ● Priority or power level thresholds associated with reports or AIMs.

[0248] ● Other UE types or capabilities for sending reports or AIM

[0249] ●The location or area of ​​other UEs that send AIM.

[0250] ● The distance to other UEs sending AIM,

[0251] ●The area where other UEs sending AIM are located.

[0252] ● The propagation type attached to AIM.

[0253] According to an embodiment, in the case where the intended receiver of the triggered transmission is another UE that sent the AIM, the UE

[0254] ● When the AIM contains a preferred resource set, only the resources indicated in the AIM are used for transmission to other UEs, or

[0255] ● If the AIM contains a non-preferred resource set, the resources indicated in the AIM will not be used for transmission to other UEs.

[0256] According to an embodiment, if the intended receiver of the triggered transmission is another UE that has not sent AIM, then the UE

[0257] ● In the case of AIM-preferred resource set, the resources indicated in the AIM are used for transmission to another UE, or

[0258] ● In the case of a non-preferred resource set in AIM, the resources indicated in AIM are not used for transmission to another UE.

[0259] According to an embodiment, if the AIM includes a non-preferred resource set and a priority associated with the resource, the UE excludes the resource indicated in the AIM if the priority of the triggered transmission is lower than the priority associated with the resource indicated in the AIM.

[0260] According to an embodiment, in the case of preemption enabled, for example in a resource pool, if the priority of the triggered transmission is equal to or higher than the priority associated with the resource indicated in the AIM, the UE uses the resource indicated in the AIM.

[0261] According to an embodiment, when the AIM includes a non-preferred resource set and power level thresholds, such as RSRP values, used by other UEs to generate the AIM, the UE compares the power level threshold associated with the AIM with the power level threshold of the triggered transmission, and if the power level threshold associated with the AIM is lower than the power level threshold of the triggered transmission, the resources indicated in the AIM are excluded.

[0262] According to an embodiment, if the AIM includes a non-preferred resource set, and the priority associated with the resource in the AIM and / or the power water threshold such as RSRP value used by other UEs to generate the AIM is lower than the configured or pre-configured priority or power level threshold, such as the priority and / or power level threshold defined for the resource pool or defined by system-level configuration, then the UE excludes the resource indicated in the AIM.

[0263] According to an embodiment, if the AIM includes a preferred set of resources and priorities associated with those resources, the UE considers the resources indicated in the AIM if the priority of the triggered transmission is equal to or higher than the priority associated with the resources indicated in the AIM.

[0264] According to an embodiment, if the AIM includes a preferred set of resources and indicates the priority associated with the resources and / or the power level threshold such as RSRP value used by other UEs to generate the AIM, and preemption is enabled, for example, in a resource pool, then the UE considers the AIM regardless of the priority and / or power level threshold.

[0265] According to the embodiment, when the AIM indicates the type of other UE that sent the AIM or the UE is able to identify the type of other UE that sent the AIM, the UE considers the AIM received from multiple other UEs according to the defined hierarchy, so that when two or more AIMs are received from different other UEs, the UE considers the AIM from the other UE that is the highest in the hierarchy.

[0266] According to the embodiments, the defined hierarchy includes priorities associated with other UEs of a specific type, for example, any other UE that receives information from a base station such as a gNB or from a core network entity has a higher priority than another other UE.

[0267] According to an embodiment, when the AIM includes parameters indicating the location of other UEs sending the AIM or the area where other UEs sending the AIM are located, the UE determines the distance between the UE and other UEs or between the UE and the area, and uses the distance information to consider the AIM from other UEs when the distance is below a threshold, for example when other UEs are within the minimum distance configured or pre-configured to the UE or within the configured or pre-configured area.

[0268] According to an embodiment, in the event that the UE responds to triggering a non-execution of the resource selection process, if one or more AIMs are provided by one or more other UEs located within a predetermined distance or region from the UE, such as within an effective distance around the UE or within an effective region defined at the system level, resource pool level, source level, or transport level, then the UE relies on one or more AIMs to obtain resources for transmission.

[0269] According to an embodiment, if the AIM includes propagation types, the UE weights the AIM according to the propagation types, for example, making...

[0270] ● Unicast AIMs have higher weight than multicast AIMs if they are only for a specific group of UEs, and higher weight than broadcast AIMs if they are for any UE receiving the AIM.

[0271] ● Multicast AIMs that are only for a specific group of UEs have a higher weight than unicast AIMs, such as AIMs that are only for UEs, and also have a higher weight than broadcast AIMs, such as AIMs that are for any UE receiving the AIM.

[0272] According to the embodiment, the UE forwards the AIM to another UE near the UE.

[0273] According to an embodiment, the UE forwards the AIM by copying or sending a redundant version of the AIM.

[0274] According to the embodiment, the UE is used to forward AIM and change the propagation type as follows:

[0275] ●From unicast to multicast, or

[0276] ●From unicast to broadcast, or

[0277] ●From multicast to unicast, or

[0278] ●From multicast to broadcast, or

[0279] ●From broadcast to unicast, or

[0280] ●From broadcast to multicast.

[0281] According to an embodiment, AIM includes hop count or an effective timer that defines whether AIM will be forwarded.

[0282] According to an embodiment, the UE receives multiple versions of AIM and combines the multiple versions to increase the reliability of receiving AIM.

[0283] According to the embodiment, if the UE receives multiple AIM-triggered transmissions from different other UEs, the UE considers the AIM based on the following hierarchical conditions:

[0284] (1) AIMs associated with the same or higher priority as the triggered transmission,

[0285] (2) AIM from other UEs that are the intended recipients of the triggered transmission,

[0286] (3) AIM from other UEs that are a certain distance from the UE and / or moving in a certain direction relative to the UE and / or moving at a certain speed relative to the UE and / or authorizing the UE with a green light.

[0287] According to an embodiment, when the number of received AIMs reaches or exceeds a threshold, the UE sends a message, for example as a unicast, multicast, or broadcast, indicating that it will no longer send AIMs of a given type or that the period for sending AIMs will be increased within a specific time period.

[0288] According to the embodiments, the number of AIMs is reduced in the following ways:

[0289] ● If the number of AIMs of a specific type received within a time period reaches the limit, the UE will not consider the specific type of AIM within the specific time period, where the limit can be interleaved by limiting the priority of different types of AIMs or different occupancy levels.

[0290] ● The UE only considers the AIM in the configured or pre-configured default cycle and ignores the remaining AIM.

[0291] According to the embodiment, UE

[0292] ● Use a direct link SL interface, such as a PC5 interface, to communicate with one or more other UEs, and / or

[0293] ● Use a radio interface, such as a Uu interface, or use a shared access band, such as an unlicensed band, to communicate with one or more radio access network (RAN) entities, such as one or more base stations, of a wireless communication system.

[0294] According to the embodiments, the UE and / or other UEs include one or more of the following: a power-limited UE; or a handheld UE, such as a UE used by pedestrians, and referred to as a vulnerable road user (VRU); or a pedestrian UE, P-UE; or a personal or handheld UE used by public safety personnel and emergency responders, and referred to as a public safety UE, PS-UE; or an IoT UE. UE, such as a sensor, actuator, or UE provided in a campus network that performs repetitive tasks and requests input from a gateway node at periodic intervals; a mobile terminal; or a stationary terminal; or a cell IoT-UE; or a vehicle UE; or a vehicle group leader (GL) UE; or a direct link relay; or an IoT or narrowband IoT, NB-IoT, device; or a wearable device, such as a smartwatch, or a fitness tracker, or smart glasses; or a ground-based vehicle; or an aircraft; or a drone; or a base station, such as a gNB; or a mobile base station; or a roadside unit (RSU); or a building; or any other item or device that provides network connectivity enabling the item / device to communicate using a wireless communication network, such as a sensor or actuator; or any other item or device that provides network connectivity enabling the item / device to communicate using a direct link of a wireless communication network, such as a sensor or actuator, or a transceiver, or any network entity with direct link capability.

[0295] system

[0296] The present invention provides a wireless communication system, including one or more user equipment (UE) according to the present invention.

[0297] According to an embodiment, the wireless communication system includes one or more base stations, wherein the base station includes one or more of the following: a macro cell base station, or a small cell base station, or a central unit of a base station, or a distributed unit of a base station, or a roadside unit (RSU), or a UE, or a group leader (GL), or a relay or remote radio head, or an AMF, or an SMF, or a core network entity, or a mobile edge computing (MEC) entity, or a network slice such as in an NR or 5G core context, or any transmit / receive point (TRP) that enables an item or device to communicate using the wireless communication network, and the item or device is provided with network connectivity to communicate using the wireless communication network.

[0298] method

[0299] This invention provides a method for operating a user equipment (UE) in a wireless communication network, the wireless communication network including a plurality of UEs, wherein a UE communicates with one or more network entities of the wireless communication network, such as a base station or another UE, the method comprising:

[0300] In response to a trigger for transmission, acquire the resources used for transmission.

[0301] Receive one or more Report or Auxiliary Information Messages (AIMs) from one or more other UEs. The report or AIM includes auxiliary information related to resource allocation, and

[0302] Based on the type of ancillary information related to resource allocation contained in the received report or AIM and / or according to specific criteria, determine how to use the received report or AIM to obtain resources for transmission.

[0303] Computer program products

[0304] Embodiments of the present invention provide a computer program product comprising instructions that, when executed by a computer, cause the computer to perform one or more methods according to the present invention.

[0305] Embodiments of the invention will now be described in more detail, and Figure 5 A user equipment (UE) according to an embodiment of the present invention is illustrated schematically. Figure 5 A wireless communication network is schematically illustrated, in which the UE 400 of the present invention is provided for communication via radio signals transmitted through the UE's antenna 402. In addition to UE 400, the network also includes one or more other UEs 4041-404. n In response to transmission 406 to be implemented by UE 400, in other words, in response to the triggering of transmission 406, UE 400 obtains resources for transmission, as indicated by 408. Transmission 406 is transmitted via radio signals through antenna 402 of UE 400, and the transmission can be directed to one or more of the aforementioned UEs in the wireless communication network. Figure 5 As further shown, UE 400 can be connected from other UEs 4041 to 404. n One or more AIM1 to AIM messages are received. n According to some embodiments, UE 400 may receive only a single AIM from one of the other UEs, or it may receive two or more AIMs from a single other UE or from multiple other UEs. Transmission 406 may be directed to one or more of the other UEs 404, and / or it may be directed to another UE that does not provide AIMs, such as any UE near or within communication range of UE 400. When one or more AIMs are received, as indicated in 412, UE 400 determines the type of the received AIM, more specifically, the type of resource allocation-related auxiliary in the received AIM and / or whether one or more criteria are met. Based on this determination, as schematically indicated in 414, UE 400 determines how to use the one or more received AIMs in process 408 to obtain resources for transmission 406.

[0306] Further embodiments of the method of the present invention are described in more detail below, explaining how the UE 400 determines the use of the received AIM based on the type of auxiliary information related to resource allocation contained in the received AIM and / or based on one or more specific criteria.

[0307] AIM containing sensing results

[0308] When the AIM contains sensing results, i.e., when the type of auxiliary information related to resource allocation contained in or carried by the AIM includes sensing results, the UE 400 uses the measurement and sensing results from the AIM that can be used for the corresponding resources when performing the sensing process.

[0309] The sensing results received via AIM can be sent from the MAC layer to the physical layer of the UE protocol stack for processing. During the sensing process, the UE performs measurements at the PHY layer, causing the received AIM content to be sent from the MAC layer to the PHY layer for comparison of the sensing results.

[0310] The UE uses sensing results that are valid for the triggered transmission 406. For example, sensing results are valid when they are within the sensing window of UE 400, or when they are not earlier than a configured or pre-configured time or timestamp. For example, comparing the timestamp with the time UE 400 receives the AIM, if the timestamp is earlier, the AIM is not considered valid for the triggered transmission. AIM is also considered invalid if the start or end of the sensing window used by other UEs 404 is earlier than a configured or pre-configured time instance. According to other embodiments, sensing results can be considered valid if they are obtained from other UEs 404 located at a specific location or within a specific area, such as a specific geographic location or at a certain distance from UE 400. Furthermore, sensing results can be considered valid if the source of the sensing results is a specific or predefined network entity, such as from another UE with a specific identifier ID associated with it, or from another UE that is a group leader UE (GL-UE), or from another UE that is a roadside unit (RSU) in the case of V2X communication, etc. Sensing results can also be considered valid if they are confirmed by another sensing result. According to the embodiments, any of the above conditions can be used alone or in combination to consider whether the received AIM is valid.

[0311] The sensing and measurement results may include the power levels of all resources measured by other UEs 404 during the sensing process, such as the measured Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP) value or the direct link SL RSRP value associated with the corresponding resource. According to other embodiments, the sensing and measurement results may be an indication of whether certain resources are occupied or unoccupied, for example, based on a comparison between an SL-RSRP threshold and the SL-RSRP value measured for certain resources. According to other embodiments, the sensing and measurement results may include only a list of those resources that are unoccupied or not occupied, such as resources whose measured SL-RSRP levels are below the SL-RSRP threshold. According to a further embodiment, the sensing and measurement results may also include a list of those resources that are occupied, such as resources whose measured SL-RSRP values ​​are above the threshold.

[0312] According to the embodiment, UE 400 selects to consider the sensing results of all resources provided in AIM or only those resources with the minimum measured SL-RSRP value, that is, a predefined number of resources with the minimum measured power level, or a predefined number of resources indicated in AIM, such as the first m or first m resources in AIM, like the first m entries in the above list of available or unavailable resources.

[0313] According to a further embodiment, the UE may consider those resources in the AIM associated with or indicated by a certain UE, for example, based on the overlap between the sensing window used for the AIM and the sensing window used by the UE for its intended transmission. When the UE 400 receives sensing results in the AIM, the UE 400 may determine that, for at least some resources indicated in the AIM, the UE 400 also has sensing results due to its own sensing process; that is, for one or more specific resources, sensing results can be obtained from both the AIM and the UE's own sensing process. According to an embodiment of the invention, the UE 400 may perform one of the following actions or processes on resources for which sensing results can be obtained from both the AIM and the UE's own sensing process. According to an embodiment, the UE 400 may ignore sensing results from the AIM and only consider its own sensing results. For example, the UE may choose this option if it considers its own sensing results to have high confidence. This may occur, for example, when the UE 400 determines that it wants to receive the AIM from another UE that is far away from the UE 400, or when the sensing and measurement results are earlier than a predefined timestamp. According to other embodiments, UE 400 may ignore its own sensing results and only consider the received sensing results. For example, this option can be used when the time it takes for UE 400 to perform the sensing process is less than a predefined threshold, such as when UE 400 is operating in DRX mode, resulting in only a small number of resources being sensed, and thus the UE's confidence in the sensing results performed by UE 400 itself may be low. In this case, UE 400 may prefer the sensing results received from AIM rather than its own sensing results.

[0314] According to other embodiments, UE 400 may combine or merge its own sensing results with received sensing results. For example, UE 400 may use this option if it deems it necessary to increase the confidence level of its own sensing results. For example, UE 400 may average the power levels measured by UE 400 and other UEs 404 on a resource. According to other embodiments, UE 400 may use the minimum or maximum power level of two power levels of the resource measured by UE and other UEs. According to other embodiments, UE may weight or rate sensing results from AIM with a certain probability, making them more or less relevant than UE's own sensing results. For example, for weighting results, UE may always use its own sensing results, and sensing results received via AIM, i.e., those received from one or more other or additional UEs, may only be used if they are adequately supported, for example, only if a resource is reported as idle by at least n UEs, where n is an integer. For example, n may depend on the priority associated with the corresponding AIM providing additional sensing results. According to other embodiments, the measured power level, such as the RSRP value, can be scaled by a certain factor, for example, scaled by 0.9 for its own sensing results and scaled by 0.1 for sensing results from other UEs provided via one or more AIMs. This factor can be allocated among the AIMs received from other UEs, summing them to 1 to obtain a weighted average RSRP level, which can be thresholded during the selection process. The factor or value n can be determined based on one or more of the following: the priority associated with the AIM, the distance between the UE and one or more other UEs, the remaining validity time of the AIM, and the age of the information contained in the AIM.

[0315] The advantage of combining sensing results is that the UE 400 gains more confidence in the availability of a resource, that is, by using additional sensing results obtained from one or more AIMs to support the confidence.

[0316] According to a further embodiment, there may be a situation where UE 400 does not have its own sensing results for one or more resources from the sensing window, for example, because it is transmitting in that time slot, or because it is operating in DRX mode, or because of a handover from receiving to transmitting or from transmitting to receiving. In this case, UE 400 only considers the sensing results from the received AIM.

[0317] Once the UE 400 decides which sensing results to use, it generates a candidate resource set S. A As described above. For example, UE 400 applies the measured RSRP values ​​reported by other UE 404 to obtain the final candidate resource set S. BAnd continue with the resource selection process as described above. In other words, according to an embodiment of the invention, before the UE 400 actually performs the above exclusion process, information from the AIM, including the sensing results, is considered, thereby avoiding the exclusion of certain resources, for example, because the UE 400 is transmitting in a time slot. According to the method of the invention, in this case, information from the AIM is considered before excluding resources, and the basis for ultimately selecting resources for actual transmission is broadened, that is, the confidence in available resources is increased, thereby achieving more reliable transmission and transmission association according to predetermined requirements.

[0318] AIM containing preferred resource sets

[0319] If the AIM includes auxiliary information related to resource allocation, which includes a set of available or preferred resources within a selection window used by other UEs 404, then UE 400 uses some or all of the resources in the received set. When it comes to available or preferred resources, this also refers to resources that are considered idle or unoccupied, i.e., resources with signal levels below a certain threshold or interference levels below a certain level.

[0320] AIM containing candidate resource sets

[0321] If the AIM contains a candidate resource set SAIM, then according to the embodiment, the UE 400 adds the resources indicated in the AIM to its own candidate resource set S. A The sensing process performed by UE 400 is unaffected by AIM; that is, UE 400 generates its own candidate resource set S independently of the received AIM. A According to an embodiment, UE 400 can merge or combine candidate resource sets S from its own set. A and from the received candidate resource set S AIM Resources are used to form a candidate resource set S for combination or merging. A +S AIM .

[0322] According to an embodiment, if a resource is indicated in both its own and the received candidate resource sets, then UE 400 includes the resource in the combined candidate resource set. If the candidate resource set S received via AIM... AIM and the UE's own candidate resource set S A Including public resources means that the resource is considered empty by both UE 400 and other UE 404, implying that the resource is available for transmission with a higher probability. Therefore, this resource can be added to the final candidate resource set S with a higher confidence level. B middle.

[0323] However, if a resource is indicated in only one candidate resource set, essentially, due to this mismatch, UE 400 will not include such a resource in the final candidate resource set S. B In the middle, because of the candidate resource set S from the UE itself A and from the received candidate resource set S AIM Conflicting or contradictory information may prevent a sufficient determination of whether a resource is actually available or unavailable. However, according to certain embodiments of the invention, despite the mismatch—that is, although some resources are indicated only in one of its own and the received candidate resource sets—UE 400 can apply exceptions and consider including the resource in the combined candidate resource set. A first exception is when another UE 404 notifies UE 400 that a certain resource is available, even though UE 400 believes this resource is occupied due to an exposed node problem, where the first UE and the second UE are near each other but are transmitting on the same resource to their respective receiving UEs in opposite directions. Due to the sensing of transmissions on this resource, UE 400 is expected to exclude the resource, but in reality, because the respective receiving UEs are in different directions, they can actually use the same resource. Therefore, according to these embodiments, despite the fact that a resource is indicated in the received candidate resource set but not in its own candidate resource set, UE 400 can include the resource in the combined candidate resource set.

[0324] According to another embodiment, an exception can be applied when another UE 404 sees a resource available; however, because it is quite far from UE 400, the other UE 404 may not be aware that the resource is being used by another UE closer to UE 400. Similarly, another UE can indicate that a resource is available at a certain time; however, this information may be outdated, i.e., at the time the transmission is triggered, the other UE may have actually reserved the resource for its own transmission, and therefore the resource is no longer available. Therefore, according to these embodiments, UE 400 does not include resources indicated only in the received candidate resource set but not in its own candidate resource set in the combined candidate resource set. In other words, even if a resource is indicated only in the received candidate resource set but not in its own candidate resource set, in some cases, the UE may still decide to include the resource in the combined candidate resource set, but only if the distance between the UE and other UEs is below a threshold or when the timing of the received candidate resource set is below a certain threshold, i.e., the information from the other UE is not outdated or too old. Otherwise, the information from the received candidate resource set will not be used to construct the combined candidate resource set. Other factors that UE 400 may use to consider adding resources from any candidate resource set to the combined candidate resource set are the location, orientation, and speed of the other UE 404 from which UE 400 receives AIM, as well as the time when AIM is received.

[0325] The combined candidate resource set can be larger than the UE's own candidate resource set S. A Size M total Furthermore, UE 400 can, for example, randomly select the required number of resources for triggering a transmission from the combined candidate resource set based on a uniform distribution. Therefore, if the combined candidate resource set includes multiple resources above a certain threshold, UE 400 can easily use the combined candidate resource set to ultimately select the resources for the actual triggered transmission. On the other hand, when the number of resources in the combined candidate resource set is below or does not exceed a predefined threshold, UE 400 repeats the resource selection process with a higher RSRP threshold to generate its own new candidate resource set, and then repeats the process of merging or combining the new candidate resource set with the received candidate resource set included in the AIM. For example, until the number of resources included in the combined candidate resource set exceeds a predefined threshold. Then, the UE sends the combined candidate resource set to a higher layer for random selection of resources for triggering the transmission from the combined candidate resource set.

[0326] According to other embodiments, if the received candidate resource set S AIM and the UE's own candidate resource set S AIf public resources are included, UE 400 may only consider these public resources. If the number of public resources is below or does not exceed a predefined threshold, for example, if the number of public resources is insufficient to allow for adequate selection of resources for transmission, then UE 400 considers its own candidate resource set or the received candidate resource set S. AIM Other resources. Additional resources from one or more received candidate resource sets included in the corresponding AIM can be selected by UE 400 based on their source, such as the geographic location, distance, or ID of the other UE providing the corresponding AIM, or based on timing, i.e., depending on the age of the information, the time of receiving the AIM, etc., and UE can select the latest or m latest AIMs from the received AIMs to select additional resources for the candidate resource set.

[0327] According to a further embodiment, UE 400 may not perform the sensing process, for example, because it is transmitting in a time slot or is in DRX mode, and therefore has no available sensing results, and therefore does not have its own candidate resource set S. A It's also possible that UE400 only performs partial sensing over a few sub-time intervals of the sensing window, resulting in an incomplete candidate resource set. Because the sensing occurs within a timeframe less than the configured or pre-configured minimum percentage or threshold of the entire sensing window, UE400 has low confidence in its own candidate resource set and may therefore decide not to use it. In this scenario, UE400 only uses the received candidate resource set S. AIM The final selection of resources for transmission is made, i.e., the UE will select from the candidate resource set S received in the AIM. AIM The resources sent to the higher layer for random selection of the transmission to be triggered are used in the process. In other words, the UE 400 can use the received candidate resource set as its own candidate resource set for the random selection process.

[0328] AIM containing specific resources or a specific set of resources

[0329] According to an embodiment, when the AIM includes specific resources or a specific set of resources, the UE 400 uses the specific resources without any evaluation or selection process for the transmission 406 triggered by the UE itself. In this case, the UE 400 does not consider or take into account its own sensing and selection process, but only considers the resources or set of resources indicated in the AIM. In other words, the UE uses the received specific set of resources to select resources for transmission, regardless of whether the UE performs a resource selection process to obtain its own candidate set of resources for transmission.

[0330] AIM containing non-optimal resource sets

[0331] According to a further embodiment of the invention, the received AIM may include unavailable or occupied resources, such as resources that are not idle or have a power level or interference level higher than a certain threshold. In other words, one or more AIMs may include resources that are unavailable and not used by the UE 400 in the resource selection process. According to such an embodiment, the UE 400 understands that the resources provided in the AIM are not conducive to the transmission 406 triggered by itself.

[0332] AIM containing candidate resource sets

[0333] In response to the triggered transmission, UE 400 executes the reference Figure 3 The process described above is used to obtain a candidate resource set S. A The AIM received by UE 400 includes a candidate resource set S that includes resources that will not be used by UE 400 or will be avoided by UE 400. AIM In this case, according to the embodiment, UE 400 selects from its own candidate resource set S A Exclude the received candidate resource set S AIM Those resources indicated in the document.

[0334] UE 400 first evaluates the received candidate resource set S by considering the selection weights as described below. AIM The sensing process performed by UE400 is unaffected by the received AIM because UE400 generates its own candidate resource set S independently of any received AIM. A Then, UE 400 continues to select from its own candidate resource set S A Exclude the received candidate resource set S AIM These are the resources indicated in the document. In other words, this essentially means that among the received candidate resource set S... AIM and UE's own candidate resource set S A Any overlapping or shared resources are excluded from the final candidate resource set S. B In addition, the final candidate resource concentration S B It is the set of candidate resources that are ultimately sent to higher layers for the actual selection of the resources to be used to trigger Transport 406.

[0335] According to a further embodiment, when excluding common resources, UE 400 can exclude only those resources in the received candidate resource set S. AIM and UE's own candidate resource set S A Some of the public resources indicated in the code. For example, UE 400 can exclude a certain number of resources, such as m resources where m is an integer, such as m worst resources, or any m randomly selected resources, or any consecutive set of m resources. For example, if the final candidate resource set SB The remaining resources in the set are below a predefined threshold required for transmitting 406, meaning that after excluding common resources, the final candidate resource set S is... B If the remaining resources in the final candidate resource set are insufficient, this process can be applied. Although resources in the received candidate resource set are indicated as unavailable, a certain number of such resources, also known as bad resources, can still be considered, such as the m resources mentioned above or 10% of the resources indicated in the received candidate resource set. Due to the channel coding employed, these resources may still be good enough for successful transmission. In other words, the applied channel coding can tolerate the actual resources that should be available from the final candidate resource set S. B The exclusion of a specific number of resources ensures that, for example, if there are not enough resources in the final candidate resource set, at least these additional resources can be used.

[0336] According to other embodiments, if the final candidate resource set S B If there are insufficient resources, UE 400 can repeat the above reference using a higher RSRP threshold. Figure 3 The resource selection process, thereby obtaining a new set of candidate resources S. A Then UE 400 excludes new candidate resource sets and received candidate resource sets S from them. AIM The public resources in the data are used to generate the final candidate resource set S. B This process can be repeated until the final candidate resource set S is reached. B There are sufficient resources to select the actual resources to be used for transmission 406.

[0337] AIM containing specific resources or a specific set of resources

[0338] According to further embodiments, AIM may include specific resources or a specific set of resources to be avoided or not used by UE 400. According to these embodiments, UE 400 obtains information from the UE through the execution of the above-mentioned references. Figure 3 The sensing and selection process obtains its own candidate resource set, which excludes these resources. Even after UE 400 has selected resources from its own candidate resource set, AIM can still be received by UE 400, in which case UE 400 excludes the indicated resource from the selected resources.

[0339] In the generated final candidate resource set S B If the number of resources in the system falls below a certain threshold, or if the number of resources required for the triggered transmission 406 is no longer available, UE 400 may request the higher layer to randomly select more resources from one or more candidate resource sets previously received via other AIMs and submit them to the final candidate resource set S. BAdd selected resources to ensure that the number of resources required for triggering transfer 406 is sufficient in the final candidate resource set S. B Then, UE 400 compares the newly selected resources with the resources provided in the AIM. If there are still resources in common, they are excluded. UE 400 repeats this process until the final candidate resource set S is reached. B No longer including any resources included in AIM, i.e., the final candidate resource set S B Or the final selected resource set no longer includes the resources that UE 400 wants to avoid using to trigger transmission 406.

[0340] According to other embodiments, instead of requesting additional resources from a previously received AIM, according to another embodiment, the UE400 may repeat the resource selection process to obtain a new set of candidate resources, as referenced above. Figure 3 The UE then compares the resources in the new candidate resource set with the resources indicated in the AIM in a similar manner to that described above, and excludes those resources from the new candidate resource set. The UE 400 may repeat this process until a final resource set or final candidate resource set S that does not include any resources indicated in the AIM is obtained. B .

[0341] In the above embodiment, the AIM includes a preferred resource set or a non-preferred resource set. That is, if the AIM includes a candidate resource set or a specific resource set, the final selection of the resources to be used does not need to be processed at the PHY layer, but can be processed by a higher layer, such as the MAC layer. Therefore, except in the case of receiving sensing results, no operation is required at the PHY layer, because the candidate resource set created by UE 400 is provided to the MAC layer for final resource selection. Thus, the received AIM can remain at the MAC layer, and resources can be combined / merged or excluded at the MAC layer. In other words, if the received AIM contains a candidate resource set, the MAC layer combines the candidate resource set received from the AIM with the candidate resource set generated and sent to the MAC layer by UE 400. If the received AIM contains a specific resource set, the MAC layer combines the resources received from the AIM with the resource set selected by the MAC layer from the candidate resource set generated and sent to the MAC layer by UE 400. The candidate resource sets are merged by the MAC layer according to the type of resource set—in the case of a preferred resource set, resources are constructively combined, while in the case of a non-preferred resource set, resources are excluded. Therefore, it is not necessary to forward AIM from the MAC layer to the PHY layer.

[0342] According to any of the embodiments described herein, AIM or resources indicated or received in AIM, such as resources in sensing results or candidate resource sets S, are... AIMPreferred / non-preferred resources within a specific resource set can be evaluated to determine whether they must be considered by UE400 during its selection process. Resources can be evaluated by considering selection weights based on the following aspects:

[0343] ● The source of the AIM, taking into account the intended recipient of the triggered transmission. For example, if another UE404 sending the AIM is the intended recipient of the triggered transmission from UE400, then the AIM has a higher selection weight compared to an AIM received by another UE;

[0344] ● The received power of the AIM, where the transmission of the AIM with higher received power (SL-RSRP or SL-RSSI) indicates that the AIM's transmitter is very close and has a higher selection weight compared to another UE 404 that is farther away and has much lower measured received power;

[0345] ● The location, distance, or speed of other UEs that send AIM, with higher selection weights given to other UEs 404 that are closer and moving in the direction of UE 400;

[0346] ● The earlier the AIM is received, the lower the selection weight compared to the most recently received AIM.

[0347] Considering different selection weights, if the combined selection weight is higher than a configured or pre-configured threshold, UE 400 may decide to use the received AIM. When UE 400 receives multiple AIMs, UE 400 may use selection weights to consider only those AIMs above the threshold, or only the first m AIMs ranked based on their selection weights.

[0348] According to an embodiment, when a UE combines one or more AIM resources with its existing set of candidate resources, the selection weight of certain resources can be modified by one or more of the following factors when AIM is taken into account:

[0349] ● If the resource is not in the set, reduce the probability of selection.

[0350] ●If the resource is in the set, increase the probability of selection.

[0351] ●If the resource is within the set, reduce the probability of selection.

[0352] ●If the resource is not in the set, increase the probability of selection.

[0353] ● If the resource is in a non-preferred set, reduce the probability of selection.

[0354] Operation based on other standards

[0355] According to a further embodiment, UE 400 may consider performing certain actions or procedures in response to a received AIM based on one or more of the following criteria, wherein the AIM includes auxiliary information related to resource allocation:

[0356] ●The intended receiver for the triggered transmission,

[0357] ● Priority or power level thresholds associated with reports or AIMs.

[0358] ● Other UE types or capabilities for sending reports or AIM

[0359] ●The location or area of ​​other UEs that send AIM.

[0360] ● The distance to other UEs sending AIM,

[0361] ●The area where other UEs sending AIM are located.

[0362] ● The propagation type attached to AIM.

[0363] The above standards and the relevant operations / procedures that UE 400 may initiate in response to a received AIM will now be described in more detail.

[0364] Operation of the expected receiver based on triggered transmission

[0365] As described above, the triggered transmission 406 can be directed to destination 410, which can be another UE or RAN entity, such as an RSU or GL UE. According to an embodiment, destination 410 can be a receiving UE that also provides AIM; that is, the receiving UE can be... Figure 5 One or more of the other UEs 404 shown. If the intended receiving UE for a transmission 406 triggered from UE 400 is one of the other UEs 404 providing AIM, then UE 400 can use AIM, but only the resources intended for transmission 406 to another UE 404. For example, if AIM contains a preferred set of resources, the UE will only use these resources for transmission 406. If the UE contains a non-preferred set of resources, then UE 400 will avoid or not use these resources for transmission 406. These resources are reported by the other UEs 404 in AIM because the other UEs are already aware of the transmissions they are performing. Therefore, the other UEs explicitly send those resources that do not collide, i.e., the preferred set of resources, via AIM, or signal to UE 400 via AIM that the resources not selected, i.e., non-preferred resources, are not selected to avoid potential collisions.

[0366] According to other embodiments, the intended receiving UE may not be the UE providing the AIM, but any other UE. Therefore, if the intended receiving UE for transmission 406 triggered by UE 400 is any other nearby UE, the resources provided by the other UE 404 in the AIM are based on the other UE's own sensing results, for example, detecting transmissions to the other UE on these resources. Since UE 400 intends to transmit to another nearby UE, using the same resources may result in higher interference between transmissions. Therefore, when the AIM includes a preferred set of resources, UE 400 utilizes these resources to transmit 406 to another UE, while when the AIM contains non-preferred resources, the UE avoids or does not utilize these resources for transmission 406.

[0367] Actions based on priority / SL-RSRP thresholds associated with AIM

[0368] According to an embodiment, other UEs know the priority of transmissions performed on resources in the AIM, and the priority value can be included in the AIM or control information associated with the AIM so that the UE 400 can determine any action or procedure to be taken on the AIM accordingly.

[0369] (a) AIM containing non-preferred resource sets

[0370] According to an embodiment, when the AIM contains a non-preferred resource set, the UE 400 can only consider the AIM and exclude the resources indicated in the AIM if the priority of the triggered transmission 406 is lower than the priority associated with the resources indicated in the AIM. This is because the AIM indicates that other transmissions are using resources, such as resources used by high-priority transmissions, and the UE 400 avoids using these resources because a new resource selection process is triggered when the triggered transmission 406 is preempted by a higher-priority transmission. On the other hand, if the priority of the transmission 406 that the UE 400 wants to execute is higher than the priority indicated in the AIM, the UE 400 can use the resources in the AIM, even though they are actually to be excluded, because the preemption mechanism used by other UEs when they detect a higher-priority transmission from the UE 400 makes these resources effectively avoided by other UEs. Note that the UE 400 can use the resources in the AIM, even though they are actually to be excluded, only if preemption is enabled for the resource pool in which the expected transmission is to take place.

[0371] According to other embodiments, other UEs may include SL-RSRP thresholds in the AIM for determining non-preferred resources, i.e., indicating which resources to avoid. According to such an embodiment, UE 400 performs the above reference with the SL-RSRP thresholds associated with the received AIM and the untriggered transmission 408. Figure 3The SL-RSRP threshold used in the sensing and selection process is compared. If the threshold indicated in the received AIM is lower than the threshold associated with the triggered transmission 406, the UE 400 considers the AIM and excludes the resource indicated in the AIM from its own resource set. If the threshold indicated in the received AIM is higher than the threshold associated with the triggered transmission 406, the UE 400 does not consider the AIM and does not exclude the resource indicated in the AIM from its own resource set.

[0372] According to embodiments, priority or SL-RSRP thresholds can be configured at the resource pool level or system level, instead of signaling priority or SL-RSRP thresholds in the AIM. According to such embodiments, UE 400 only considers the received AIM indicating a resource to be avoided and effectively excludes the indicated resource from its own candidate resource set when the priority or SL-RSRP threshold associated with the triggered transmission 406 is lower than a configured or pre-configured priority or SL-RSRP threshold. On the other hand, UE 400 may not exclude the indicated resource when the priority or SL-RSRP threshold associated with transmission 406 of UE 400 is higher than a configured or pre-configured priority or SL-RSRP threshold. According to embodiments, the configured or pre-configured priority or SL-RSRP threshold can be included in the resource pool configuration, similar to the priority field used to trigger preemption.

[0373] (b) AIM containing a preferred resource set

[0374] If the AIM contains a preferred set of resources, according to an embodiment, UE 400 considers the AIM independent of or unrelated to any priority or SL-RSRP value associated with the AIM, provided that preemption is enabled for the resource pool for which the expected transmission is to be performed. Preferably, UE 400 searches for one or more AIMs whose priority matches that of the triggered transmission 406. However, UE 400 may also use one or more AIMs indicating resources with higher priority, as these resources are more reliable for transmission due to reduced interference detected on them. UE 400 may also use one or more AIMs indicating resources with lower priority than its own triggered transmission 406, because in this case, the triggered transmission has a higher priority, and any other transmission occurring on resources with lower priority is forced to vacate the resources when the high-priority transmission is detected, as handled by the preemption process. When preemption is disabled for the resource pool for which the expected transmission is to be performed, UE 400 considers the resources indicated in the AIM only if the priority of the triggered transmission is equal to or higher than the priority associated with the resources indicated in the AIM.

[0375] Action based on the type of UE sending AIM

[0376] According to a further embodiment, when deciding what action or procedure UE 400 should perform on the AIM including resource information, UE 400 may consider other UE types that send the AIM.

[0377] For example, other UEs can be RSUs, GL-UEs, relay UEs, IoT devices, wearable devices, or any other UE. When the type of other UE sending the AIM is included in the AIM, or when the type of other UE can be identified by UE 400, a hierarchical priority allocation for each UE type is implemented according to the embodiment. For example, any type of UE receiving information from a RAN entity such as a gNB or from a core network entity has a higher priority than any other UE. For example, a priority-based hierarchy could be as follows: RSU, Relay UE, GL UE, Mode 1 UE, Mode 2 UE.

[0378] According to other embodiments, the hierarchy may depend on the capabilities of the UE, such that, for example, low-power devices (e.g., wearable or low-power UEs) are considered to have lower priority or be located at a lower level in the hierarchy compared to power-supported devices (e.g., UEs that are part of a vehicle and rely on the vehicle's battery or UEs with a sufficiently large battery). In cases where other UEs are power-limited UEs or are operating in DRX mode or performing only partial sensing, other UEs may also indicate in the AIM that only reduced sensing is used to obtain resource information contained in the AIM, and such AIMs may also be considered to have low priority.

[0379] Location aspects of other UEs sending AIM

[0380] According to an embodiment, the AIM may include parameters indicating the location of another UE 404 that sent the AIM or the area where the other UE sending the AIM is located. For example, the area ID (which refers to the location of other UEs and is included in SCI format 2-B) or any other parameter may be included as part of the AIM. When location information or information about the area is included, UE 400 may determine the distance between UE 400 and other UEs, or may determine whether other UEs are within a configured or pre-configured area. Based on this information, according to an embodiment, UE 400 only considers AIMs that are within a predefined distance of UE 400 or within a configured or pre-configured area. For example, since UE 400 moves to a certain area or location, UE 400 may only consider AIMs from this area. UE 400 may also use a configured or pre-configured minimum distance to determine the use of AIMs based on that distance, and UE 400 considers received AIMs within that minimum distance.

[0381] According to an embodiment, information from AIM, such as sensing results or preferred / non-preferred resources, can be used for transmission 406, even when UE 400 has no sensing results of its own, for example, because it is transmitting during a certain time slot, or is in DRX mode and not performing any sensing process. According to an embodiment, an effective area or region surrounds other UEs implementing AIM transmission. Within this area, UE 400 relies on the content of AIM to select transmission 406 for any UE located within this effective area. This is similar to the minimum communication range field included in SCI format 2-B, and the parameter specifies that, if the corresponding location is known, transmission 406 to one or more UEs other than the AIM-transmitting UE can only be performed relying on AIM. This parameter can be defined at the system level, resource pool level, source level, or transport level.

[0382] Actions based on propagation type

[0383] According to a further embodiment, the AIM provided by other UEs can also indicate the propagation type, i.e., whether the AIM is a unicast AIM, a multicast AIM, or a broadcast AIM. Based on the propagation type, the UE can weight the AIM; for example, a unicast AIM dedicated to UE 400 has a higher weight than a multicast AIM dedicated to a specific group of UEs, and also higher than a broadcast AIM, such as an AIM used by any UE to receive the AIM. According to other embodiments, the weight of a multicast AIM can be higher than that of a unicast AIM, while the weight of a unicast AIM remains higher than that of a broadcast AIM.

[0384] Forward or copy AIM

[0385] According to a further embodiment, the UE 400 receiving an AIM containing resource information, such as preferred or non-preferred resource sets or sensing results, can forward the AIM to one or more nearby other UEs by copying the AIM or by sending a redundant version of the AIM. If the AIM includes a propagation type, the UE 400 can change the propagation type as follows:

[0386] ●From unicast to multicast, or

[0387] ●From unicast to broadcast, or

[0388] ●From multicast to unicast, or

[0389] ●From multicast to broadcast, or

[0390] ●From broadcast to unicast, or

[0391] ●From broadcast to multicast.

[0392] An AIM can contain information related to one or more high-priority transmissions, and any UE near UE 400 can be looking for additional AIMs to assist any high-priority transmission. Therefore, forwarding AIMs through UE 400 is useful.

[0393] According to embodiments, AIM may include hop count or a valid timer defining whether AIM can still be forwarded by UE 400. This can be useful when UE 400 forwards AIM to another UE and another network entity such as RSU or infrastructure node such as gNB or small cell. The latter can forward AIM to the core network, such as 5GC, to allow the core network to take possible actions. The core network can collect and evaluate AIM and thus reconfigure network parameters or network entities accordingly. For example, the core network can obtain resource utilization by comparing AIMs received from the same or a set of network entities. If network utilization is found to be too high, more resource pools can be configured for use by Mode 2 UEs. For this purpose, it may be necessary to evacuate spectrum previously used for Mode 1 UEs. Here, a similar approach used for systems implementing Licensed Assisted Access (LAA) or Licensed Shared Access (LSA) can be used to release spectrum for Mode 2 UEs. In another example, 5GC can assess that spectrum is not being fully utilized. Here, 5GC can trigger a reduction in the number of resource pools used by Mode 2 UEs by providing an updated resource pool configuration to be used by Mode 2 UEs. In shared access scenarios where Mode 1 and Mode 2 UEs coexist, more efficient and flexible spectrum usage can be achieved. In another example, 5GC can explicitly use SL AIM to track UEs within its network. This can be done if the SL AIM contains a reference to the UE's physical location, such as a geographic location or area ID. For example, considering an industrial communication scenario, a UE could operate in Mode 2 and forward AIMs to IoT devices on the 5GC campus network. If the network notices a lack of resources for certain IoT devices by evaluating the received AIMs, it can reconfigure those IoT devices or groups of IoT devices to change their operating mode to Mode 1, where possible, so that some QoS can be maintained for these devices.

[0394] Furthermore, providing hop counts for AIMs allows for tracking AIMs within the network, thereby checking the consistency of AIM distribution across the network. This mechanism can be advantageous as it helps identify malicious activity within the network, such as when a UE begins to overwhelm the network with AIMs.

[0395] The UE can choose to copy or send redundant versions of the AIM, and UEs that receive multiple versions of the AIM, such as UE 400, can combine redundant versions of the AIM together to increase the reliability of receiving and decoding one or more AIMs.

[0396] Receive multiple AIMs

[0397] According to an embodiment, for the same triggered transmission 406, UE 400 can receive multiple AIMs from different other UEs. According to such an embodiment, UE 400 can consider AIMs based on one or more of the following hierarchical conditions:

[0398] ● Priority or SL-RSRP threshold:

[0399] Compared to triggered transmissions, UE 400 can only consider AIMs associated with the same or higher priority or with the same or higher SL-RSRP threshold.

[0400] ●The origin of AIM:

[0401] UE 400 may consider an AIM if it was sent from the same UE to which the triggered transmission 406 is directed. In other words, if another UE is the intended recipient of the triggered transmission 406, then UE 400 considers an AIM received from another UE to be of higher importance than an AIM sent by yet another UE.

[0402] ●Distance, geographical location, or speed:

[0403] UE 400 may consider only those UEs within a certain range or at a certain distance, or those UEs moving in the same direction as UE 400 or in the opposite direction to UE 400, or UEs moving at a similar speed to UE 400 or at a substantially lower speed than UE 400 (such as pedestrian UEs), or only those AIMs associated with UEs moving at high speeds, such as participants in illegal road races, or it may consider only AIMs provided by green light authorities such as emergency personnel, such as police, ambulances, and fire departments.

[0404] Another option for UE 400 to consider only the relevant AIMs among the multiple received AIMs is to use selection weights for each AIM, as described above. The AIM with the highest selection weight can be considered compared to other AIMs. This can be achieved by using selection weights to consider only those AIMs above a configured or pre-configured threshold, or by considering only the top m AIMs ranked based on their selection weights.

[0405] According to a further embodiment, when the number of received AIMs reaches or exceeds a threshold, UE 400 can signal to stop sending more AIMs, or increase the AIM sending cycle for a certain period of time. This can indicate situations where malicious UEs are transmitting multiple AIMs or where AIM flooding occurs. UE 400 can be given sufficient priority to potentially send the aforementioned stop AIM message as a unicast message, as a broadcast message, or as a multicast message, indicating to stop sending a given type of AIM or increase the AIM sending cycle for a certain period of time, thereby avoiding AIM flooding. For example, other UEs 404 can receive messages telling them to send AIMs not every ten seconds, but every minute, or to stop or pause sending AIMs for a certain period of time, or to stop or pause sending AIMs until a signaling to resume sending AIMs is received. According to other embodiments, instead of telling the source of the AIM to send AIMs every minute, the source of the AIM can be instructed to send AIMs only if other UEs have data to transmit, and then the AIM can be carried over to the data transmission, thereby also reducing the number of AIMs being transmitted. Conversely, if UE 400 does not receive enough AIM within a certain period of time, it can also signal to another UE to provide AIM more frequently.

[0406] According to a further embodiment, AIM overload can be reduced by introducing, for example, AIM limits. If more than a certain number of AIMs of a specific type are received within a time period, the UE 400 may not consider other AIMs of this type, at least for some time. According to embodiments, limits can also be staggered to limit different types of AIMs or AIMs with associated different priorities at different occupancy levels. According to other embodiments, when the number of AIMs received at the UE 400 exceeds a certain threshold, the UE 400 may only consider AIMs in the configured or pre-configured default period, ignoring any remaining AIMs. This means that if the UE 400 receives multiple AIMs but only sends periodic transmissions, the UE 400 can ignore all AIMs between periodic transmissions and only decode the AIMs required for the periodic transmissions. Another scenario is that, independent of or irrelevant to the UE's expected transmissions, if the UE 400 receives many AIMs, it can decide to use only a few of them periodically. This can also be seen as an energy-saving mechanism. For example, when considering a scenario where UE 400 needs an AIM every ten seconds to obtain updated information, once the UE receives an AIM that meets this requirement, UE 400 can stop receiving AIMs or consider other AIMs for the next ten seconds.

[0407] General

[0408] Although various aspects and embodiments of the method of the present invention have been described separately, it should be noted that each aspect / embodiment can be implemented independently of the other aspects, or some or all aspects / embodiments can be combined. Furthermore, the embodiments described subsequently can be used in conjunction with the various aspects / embodiments described so far.

[0409] While some of the embodiments described above are based on a Mode 2 UE, it should be noted that the invention is not limited to such embodiments. The teachings of the invention described herein are equally applicable to a Mode 1 UE performing sensing to obtain, for example, sensing reports for providing occupancy status of one or more resources or sets of resources and transmitting AIM. For example, a Mode 1 UE can assist in performing sensing for a Mode 2 UE, for example, if operating in the same frequency band. A Mode 1 UE can also be a fixed RSU with wired power and can perform servicing for a Mode 2 UE if idle in Mode 1.

[0410] While some of the embodiments described above are with reference to direct link pools, it should be noted that the present invention is not limited to such embodiments. Instead, the method of the present invention can be implemented in a system or network that provides a set of resources for some form of communication between entities in a network, and this resource set can be pre-configured so that entities in the network are aware of the resource set provided by the network, or entities can be configured by the network with the resource set. The resource set provided by the network can be defined as one or more of the following:

[0411] ● Direct link resource pool, to be used by UEs for direct link communication, such as UE-to-UE communication via PC5.

[0412] ●Configuration authorization, including or consisting of resources used by the UE for NR-U communication,

[0413] ●Configuration authorization, including or consisting of resources used by UEs with reduced capabilities.

[0414] According to embodiments, a wireless communication system may include a terrestrial network, or a non-terrestrial network, or a network or network segment that uses an airborne or spaceborne aircraft as a receiver, or a combination thereof.

[0415] According to embodiments of the present invention, the UE and / or other UEs include one or more of the following: a power-limited UE; or a handheld UE, such as a UE used by pedestrians, and referred to as a vulnerable road user (VRU); or a pedestrian UE, P-UE; or a personal or handheld UE used by public safety personnel and emergency responders, and referred to as a public safety UE, PS-UE; or an IoT UE. UE, such as a sensor, actuator, or UE provided in a campus network that performs repetitive tasks and requests input from a gateway node at periodic intervals; a mobile terminal; or a stationary terminal; or a cell IoT-UE; or a vehicle UE; or a vehicle group leader (GL) UE; or a direct link relay; or an IoT or narrowband IoT, NB-IoT, device; or a wearable device, such as a smartwatch, or a fitness tracker, or smart glasses; or a ground-based vehicle; or an aircraft; or a drone; or a base station, such as a gNB; or a mobile base station; or a roadside unit (RSU); or a building; or any other item or device that provides network connectivity enabling the item / device to communicate using a wireless communication network, such as a sensor or actuator; or any other item or device that provides network connectivity enabling the item / device to communicate using a direct link of a wireless communication network, such as a sensor or actuator, or a transceiver, or any network entity with direct link capability.

[0416] According to embodiments of the present invention, network entities include one or more of the following: macro cell base station, or small cell base station, or central unit of base station, or distributed unit of base station, or roadside unit (RSU), or UE, or group leader (GL), or relay or remote radio head, or AMF, or SMF, or core network entity, or mobile edge computing (MEC) entity, or network slice such as in NR or 5G core context, or any transmit / receive point (TRP) that enables an item or device to communicate using a wireless communication network, wherein the item or device is provided with network connectivity to communicate using a wireless communication network.

[0417] Although some aspects of the described concepts have already been described in the context of the apparatus, it is clear that these aspects also represent a description of the corresponding method, where a block or device corresponds to a method step or feature of a method step. Similarly, aspects described in the context of a method step also represent a description of a corresponding block or item or feature of the corresponding apparatus.

[0418] The various elements and features of this invention can be implemented in hardware using analog and / or digital circuits, in software by executing instructions from one or more general-purpose or special-purpose processors, or as a combination of hardware and software. For example, embodiments of this invention can be implemented in the environment of a computer system or another processing system. Figure 6An example of a computer system 600 is shown. Units or modules, and the steps of methods performed by these units, may be executed on one or more computer systems 600. The computer system 600 includes one or more processors 602, similar to dedicated or general-purpose digital signal processors. The processors 602 are connected to a communication infrastructure 604, such as a bus or network. The computer system 600 includes main memory 606, such as random access memory (RAM), and secondary memory 608, such as a hard disk drive and / or a removable storage drive. The secondary memory 608 allows computer programs or other instructions to be loaded into the computer system 600. The computer system 600 may further include a communication interface 610 to allow the transfer of software and data between the computer system 600 and external devices. Communication may be from electronic, electromagnetic, optical, or other signals that can be processed by the communication interface. Communication may use wires or cables, optical fibers, telephone lines, cellular telephone links, RF links, and other communication channels 612.

[0419] The terms "computer program medium" and "computer-readable medium" are generally used to refer to tangible storage media, such as removable storage units or hard disks installed in hard disk drives. These computer program products are means of providing software to computer system 600. The computer program, also known as computer control logic, is stored in main memory 606 and / or auxiliary memory 608. The computer program can also be received via communication interface 610. When executed, the computer program enables computer system 600 to implement the present invention. In particular, when executed, the computer program enables processor 602 to implement the processes of the present invention, such as any of the methods described herein. Therefore, such a computer program can represent a controller of computer system 600. In the case where the present invention is implemented using software, the software can be stored in the computer program product and loaded into computer system 600 using a removable storage drive or an interface such as communication interface 610.

[0420] The implementation in hardware or software can be executed using digital storage media, such as cloud storage, floppy disks, DVDs, Blu-rays, CDs, ROMs, PROMs, EPROMs, EEPROMs, or flash memory. These media have electronically readable control signals stored thereon that cooperate with or are capable of cooperating with a programmable computer system to execute corresponding methods. Therefore, digital storage media can be computer-readable.

[0421] Some embodiments of the invention include a data carrier having electronically readable control signals, which is capable of cooperating with a programmable computer system to perform one of the methods described herein.

[0422] Typically, embodiments of the present invention can be implemented as a computer program product having program code that, when run on a computer, can be used to perform one of the methods. The program code can, for example, be stored on a machine-readable medium.

[0423] Other embodiments include a computer program stored on a machine-readable medium for performing one of the methods described herein. In other words, therefore, an embodiment of the method of the present invention is a computer program having program code for performing one of the methods described herein when the computer program is run on a computer.

[0424] Therefore, a further embodiment of the method of the present invention is a data carrier or digital storage medium, or a computer-readable medium, including a computer program recorded thereon for performing one of the methods described herein. Therefore, a further embodiment of the method of the present invention is a data stream or signal sequence representing a computer program for performing one of the methods described herein. The data stream or signal sequence may, for example, be configured to be transmitted via a data communication connection, such as via the Internet. Further embodiments include processing means, such as a computer or programmable logic device, configured or adapted to perform one of the methods described herein. Further embodiments include a computer on which a computer program for performing one of the methods described herein is mounted.

[0425] In some embodiments, a programmable logic device, such as a field-programmable gate array (FPGA), may be used to perform some or all of the functions of the methods described herein. In some embodiments, the FPGA may cooperate with a microprocessor to perform one of the methods described herein. Generally, the methods are preferably performed by any hardware device.

[0426] The embodiments described above are merely illustrative of the principles of the invention. It should be understood that modifications and variations of the arrangements and details described herein will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Therefore, its intent is limited only by the scope of the forthcoming patent claims, and not by the specific details provided by the description and interpretation of the embodiments herein.

Claims

1. A user equipment (UE) for a wireless communication network, the wireless communication network comprising a plurality of user equipment (UEs), the UE comprising: One or more antennas or an antenna array having multiple antenna elements; Signal processor; and transceiver In this context, the UE communicates with one or more network entities within the wireless communication network. In response to a trigger for transmission, the UE acquires resources for transmission to one or more network entities. Specifically, the UE receives one or more Report or Auxiliary Information Messages (AIMs) from one or more other UEs, wherein the reports or AIMs include auxiliary information related to resource allocation, and Wherein, when the type of auxiliary information related to resource allocation includes available or preferred resource sets within the selection window of other UEs, the available or preferred resource sets are candidate resource sets. ● In response to the trigger, the UE performs a resource selection process to obtain its own set of candidate resources for transmission; and ●The UE combines resources from its own candidate resource set and resources from the received candidate resource set as follows: If the resource is indicated in both its own and the received candidate resource sets, the UE will include the resource in the combined candidate resource set; or ○ If a resource is indicated in its own candidate resource set but not in the received candidate resource set, the UE includes the resource in the combined candidate resource set; or If a resource is indicated in the received candidate resource set but not in its own candidate resource set, the UE will include the resource in the combined candidate resource set.

2. A wireless communication system comprising one or more user equipment (UE) as described in claim 1.

3. A method for operating a user equipment (UE) in a wireless communication network, the wireless communication network including a plurality of user equipments (UEs), wherein the UEs communicate with one or more network entities of the wireless communication network, the method comprising: In response to a trigger for transmission, acquire resources for transmission to one or more network entities. Receive one or more Report or Auxiliary Information Messages (AIMs) from one or more other UEs, wherein the report or AIM includes auxiliary information related to resource allocation, and When the type of auxiliary information related to resource allocation includes available or preferred resource sets within the selection window of other UEs, the available or preferred resource sets are candidate resource sets. ● In response to a trigger, the UE performs a resource selection process to obtain its own set of candidate resources for transmission; and ● The UE combines resources from its own candidate resource set and resources from the received candidate resource set as follows: ○ If the resource is indicated in both its own and the received candidate resource sets, then include the resource in the combined candidate resource set; or ○ If a resource is indicated in its own candidate resource set but not in the received candidate resource set, then the resource is included in the combined candidate resource set; or If a resource is indicated in the received candidate resource set but not in its own candidate resource set, then the resource is included in the combined candidate resource set.

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